Unit 2单元语法讲义（讲练结合）2026-2027学年人教版七年级上册英语

Unit 2 · 一般现在时（实义动词）与名词所有格 人教版七年级上册  ·  语法精讲 · 随堂练 · 综合检测 学习目标 目标一：梳理和归纳含有实义动词的一般现在时的句式结构、表意功能和用法。 目标二：在语境中根据不同人称选择正确的动词形式，掌握主谓一致原则，并能运用一般现在时询问和描述与家人相关的信息。 目标三：正确运用名词所有格（’s）表达物品与人物之间的所属关系。 一 一般现在时（实义动词） 1. 什么是一般现在时？ 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、习惯性的行为或客观事实。 1) 经常发生的动作：I play tennis every day. 2) 习惯性的行为：My father reads newspapers in the morning. 3) 客观事实：She has long brown hair. 标志词： always / usually / often / sometimes / never / every day / every week / on Sundays 等。 2. 实义动词的第三人称单数形式（动词 + s/es） 当主语是 he / she / it 或 单数名词 时，实义动词要用 第三人称单数形式。 变化规则 例词 一般情况 + s play → plays  |  like → likes  |  talk → talks 以 s / x / sh / ch / o 结尾 + es wash → washes  |  watch → watches  |  do → does  |  go → goes 辅音字母 + y 结尾 → ies study → studies  |  fly → flies  |  carry → carries have → has I have / He has 破解点：先找主语！如果是 he / she / it / 单数名词 → 动词要变成 三单形式；如果是 I / you / we / they / 复数名词 → 动词用 原形。 3. 一般现在时的句型结构 （1）肯定句 主语 + 动词（原形/三单）+ 其他. · I play tennis every day. · She plays the piano very well. · They have some nice ping-pong bats. · He has a fishing rod. （2）否定句 主语 + do / does + not + 动词原形 + 其他. · I do not (don't) play the piano. · She does not (doesn't) play the piano. · They don't have any pets. · He doesn't have a fishing rod. 破解点：否定句中，用了 do / does 之后，动词 必须用原形！ ✅ She doesn't play tennis.   ❌ She doesn't plays tennis. （3）一般疑问句 Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ · Do you play the piano? → Yes, I do. / No, I don't. · Does your father spend a lot of time fishing? → Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 破解点：疑问句中的动词 必须用原形！ ✅ Does she like music?   ❌ Does she likes music? （4）特殊疑问句 疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ · What do you do on Sundays? · Whose piano is this?（be动词的疑问句） · Where does your father work? 4. 教材 3a 精讲 观察句子，总结规律： · Teng Fei and his grandpa play ping-pong every week. → 复数主语（Teng Fei and his grandpa），动词用 play（原形）。 · Teng Fei's grandpa loves sport. → 单数主语（grandpa），动词用 loves（三单）。 · They have some nice ping-pong bats. → 复数主语（They），动词用 have（原形）。 · Teng Fei's father has a fishing rod. → 单数主语（father），动词用 has（三单）。 · Do you play the piano? → 疑问句，主语 you，助动词 do，动词用 play（原形）。 · Does your father spend a lot of time fishing? → 疑问句，主语 father（单数），助动词 does，动词用 spend（原形）。 核心规律： · 主语是 I / you / we / they / 复数名词 → 动词用 原形。 · 主语是 he / she / it / 单数名词 → 动词加 s / es（三单）。 · 疑问句和否定句中，用 do / does 助动词，动词 必须用原形！ 练习一 · 写出动词的第三人称单数形式 1. play →               2. have →                   3. do →                  4. go →                   5. like →                   6. watch →                   7. study →                   8. talk →                   9. make →                   10. read →                   练习二 · 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. My sister _______________ (like) music very much. 2. They _______________ (play) football every Sunday. 3. Tom _______________ (have) a new bicycle. 4. We _______________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 5. She _______________ (watch) TV in the evening. 6. I _______________ (read) books every day. 7. My parents _______________ (work) in a hospital. 8. He _______________ (study) English very hard. 9. They _______________ (have) a big house. 10. The cat _______________ (like) fish. 练习三 · 句型转换 1. She plays the piano every day.（改为否定句）     ________________________________________________ 2. They have a pet dog.（改为一般疑问句）         ________________________________________________ 3. My father likes fishing.（对划线部分提问）         ________________________________________________ 4. Do you play tennis?（作肯定回答和否定回答） 肯定回答：   _____________    否定回答：    _____________ 5. Does your mother like music?（作肯定回答和否定回答） 肯定回答：    _____________   否定回答：   _____________  二 名词所有格（’s） 1. 什么是名词所有格？ 名词所有格表示 “……的”，用来表达物品与人物之间的所属关系。 2. 名词所有格的变化规则 情况 规则 例词 单数名词 + 's Kate → Kate's cat Teng Fei → Teng Fei's schoolbag 以 s 结尾的复数名词 + ' parents → parents' caps brothers → brothers' balls 不以 s 结尾的复数名词 + 's children → children's toys men → men's shoes 两人共有时 只在最后加 's Peter and Emma → Peter and Emma's classroom 两人各自有时 分别加 's Lucy's and Lily's rooms（露西和莉莉各自的房间） 破解点： · 看名词是 单数 还是 复数，单数加 's，复数以 s 结尾只加 '。 · 如果是 共同拥有，只在最后一个名词加 's。 3. 教材 3b 精讲 用括号中单词的正确所有格形式填空： · This is ______ (Kate) cat. → Kate 是单数名词 → Kate's · This is ______ (Peter and Emma) classroom. → 两人共有 → Peter and Emma's · These are my little ______ (brothers) balls. → brothers 是复数以 s 结尾 → brothers' · They're my ______ (grandparents) caps. → grandparents 是复数以 s 结尾 → grandparents' · It's ______ (Teng Fei) schoolbag. → Teng Fei 是单数 → Teng Fei's 破解点：先判断名词是单数还是复数，单数加 's，复数以 s 结尾只加 '。 练习四 · 用括号中单词的正确所有格形式填空 1. This is _______________ (Lucy) pen. 2. These are my _______________ (parents) hats. 3. This is _______________ (Tom and Jerry) room. 4. It's _______________ (Mr Wang) car. 5. They are _______________ (children) toys. 6. This is _______________ (Mary and Linda) classroom.（两人共用） 7. Those are my _______________ (friends) bags. 8. It's _______________ (my sister) favourite book. 三 教材 3c 精讲 短文填空 · 用所给动词的正确形式填空 原文填空： I have a brother and a sister. My brother is tall, and he has short hair. He is really funny, and he often makes us laugh. My sister looks very different. She is short, and she has long brown hair. She is a quiet girl. She really likes reading. I'm not tall or short. I don't play or read much. But I play the violin really well. I also like playing tennis. We are all different, but we have a lot of fun together. 破解点： · he → 三单，动词用 has（不是 have） · he often makes → 三单，make 变 makes · my sister → 三单，look 变 looks，like 变 likes · I don't play → 否定句中，助动词 do 后接 原形 · We are → be 动词用 are（复数主语） 练习五 · 用所给动词的正确形式填空 My name is Li Ming. I _______________ (have) a happy family. My father _______________ (work) in a school. He _______________ (teach) English. My mother _______________ (be) a nurse. She _______________ (like) her job very much. I _______________ (have) a sister. She _______________ (be) 10 years old. She _______________ (go) to school every day. We _______________ (love) our family. 四 易错点与重难点 易错点一：主语是第三人称单数时，忘记给动词加 s/es。 ❌ He play tennis.   ✅ He plays tennis. 易错点二：疑问句和否定句中，用了 do/does 后，动词没有变回原形。 ❌ Does she likes music?   ✅ Does she like music? 易错点三：have 和 has 混淆。I / you / we / they 用 have，he / she / it 用 has。 易错点四：名词所有格中，复数以 s 结尾只加 '，不加 's。 ❌ parents's   ✅ parents' 易错点五：两人共有时，只在最后加 's。 ✅ Peter and Emma's classroom（两人共用一个教室） 易错点六：be 动词（am / is / are）与实义动词混淆。一般现在时中，要么用 be 动词，要么用实义动词，不能同时使用。 ❌ She is likes music.   ✅ She likes music. 练习六 · 改错（找出错误并改正） 1. She play tennis every day. →     ______________________________________ 2. Does your father likes fishing? →  ___________________________________    3. My sister have a cat. →______________________________________      4. This is my parents's car. →______________________________________      5. She is like reading very much. →___________________________________      6. Tom and Jerry's are good friends. →_________________________________      五 语法图表总结（必背） 一般现在时（实义动词）结构总表 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词（原形/三单）+ 其他 She plays tennis. / They play tennis. 否定句 主语 + don't / doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他 She doesn't play tennis. 一般疑问句 Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Does she play tennis? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ What does she play? 第三人称单数动词变化规则 规则 例词 一般情况 + s play → plays  |  like → likes  |  talk → talks 以 s / x / sh / ch / o 结尾 + es wash → washes  |  watch → watches  |  do → does  |  go → goes 辅音字母 + y 结尾 → ies study → studies  |  fly → flies have → has I have / He has 名词所有格变化规则 情况 规则 例词 单数名词 + 's Kate's cat 复数以 s 结尾 + ' parents' caps 复数不以 s 结尾 + 's children's toys 两人共有 最后加 's Peter and Emma's classroom 六 综合检测（全题型） 一、单项选择题 1. My sister _______________ music very much.  A. like B. likes C. is like D. are like 2. They _______________ football every Sunday.  A. play B. plays C. are play D. playing 3. _______________ your father _______________ fishing?  A. Do / like B. Does / likes C. Does / like D. Do / likes 4. This is _______________ schoolbag.  A. Tom B. Toms C. Tom's D. Toms' 5. He _______________ a new bicycle.  A. have B. has C. is D. are 6. These are my _______________ hats.  A. parents B. parents' C. parent's D. parents's 7. She _______________ reading, but she doesn't _______________ writing.  A. like / like B. likes / likes C. likes / like D. like / likes 8. _______________ you _______________ the piano?  A. Do / play B. Does / play C. Do / plays D. Does / plays 9. This is _______________ classroom. They share it.（两人共用）  A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy and Lily D. Lucy's and Lily 10. My brother _______________ short hair.  A. have B. has C. is D. are 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. My father _______________ (work) in a hospital. 2. She _______________ (have) long brown hair. 3. They _______________ (play) tennis every weekend. 4. He _______________ (study) English very hard. 5. We _______________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 6. My sister _______________ (like) reading books. 7. The cat _______________ (eat) fish every day. 8. I _______________ (have) a pet dog. 9. They _______________ (watch) TV in the evening. 10. She _______________ (do) her homework every day. 三、用括号中单词的正确所有格形式填空 1. This is _______________ (Kate) cat. 2. These are _______________ (Tom and Jerry) toys. 3. It's _______________ (my mother) favourite dress. 4. They are _______________ (students) desks. 5. This is _______________ (Mr Li) car. 6. These are my _______________ (brothers) balls. 7. It's _______________ (Teng Fei) schoolbag. 8. This is _______________ (Lucy and Lily) room.（两人共用） 四、句型转换 1. She likes music.（改为否定句）     ________________________________ 2. They have a pet dog.（改为一般疑问句）     ________________________________ 3. My father plays tennis every day.（对划线部分提问）     ________________________________ 4. Does your mother like reading?（作肯定回答和否定回答） 肯定回答：________________       否定回答：________________     5. This is my mother's cap.（对划线部分提问）     ________________________________ 五、短文填空 I have a happy family. My father   ________ (work) in a school. He ________  (teach) English. He  ________  (like) his job. My mother  ________ (be) a nurse. She________ (work) in a hospital. She  ________ (go) to work every day. I  _______ (have) a sister. She  ________ (be) 10 years old. She________   (like) reading. We ________  (love) our family very much. 六、改错题 1. She play the piano very well. → __________________________ 2. Does your father likes fishing? →   __________________________ 3. My sister have a cat. →  __________________________ 4. This is my parents's car. →   __________________________ 5. She is like reading very much. →  __________________________ 七、选词填空 从方框中选择正确的词填空（注意动词形式变化）。 have / like / play / read / make / talk / look I have a brother and a sister. My brother is tall, and he ________    short hair. He is really funny, and he often  ________  us laugh. My sister  ________   very different. She is short, and she has long brown hair. She really________  reading. I don't ________   or read much. But I ________   the violin really well. We________   all different, but we have a lot of fun. 七 课后自我检测清单 · ☑ 我能说出一般现在时的用法（经常发生的动作、习惯、客观事实）。 · ☑ 我能根据主语正确使用动词原形或第三人称单数形式。 · ☑ 我能正确运用 do / does 构成否定句和疑问句。 · ☑ 我能正确使用名词所有格（’s）表达所属关系。 · ☑ 我能用一般现在时询问和描述与家人相关的信息。 · ☑ 我能区分 have 和 has 的用法。 参考答案 练习一： 1. plays　2. has　3. does　4. goes　5. likes　6. watches　7. studies　8. talks　9. makes　10. reads 练习二： 1. likes　2. play　3. has　4. go　5. watches　6. read　7. work　8. studies　9. have　10. likes 练习三： 1. She doesn't play the piano every day.　2. Do they have a pet dog?　3. What does your father like?　4. 肯定回答：Yes, I do.　否定回答：No, I don't.　5. 肯定回答：Yes, she does.　否定回答：No, she doesn't. 练习四： 1. Lucy's　2. parents'　3. Tom and Jerry's　4. Mr Wang's　5. children's　6. Mary and Linda's　7. friends'　8. my sister's 练习五： have / works / teaches / is / likes / have / is / goes / love 练习六： 1. She plays tennis every day.　2. Does your father like fishing?　3. My sister has a cat.　4. This is my parents' car.　5. She likes reading very much.　6. Tom and Jerry are good friends. 综合检测 · 一： 1. B　2. A　3. C　4. C　5. B　6. B　7. C　8. A　9. A　10. B （第9题解析：题干“They share it”表明两人共用，故用 Lucy and Lily's，表示两人共有的教室。） 综合检测 · 二： works / has / play / studies / go / likes / eats / have / watch / does 综合检测 · 三： 1. Kate's　2. Tom and Jerry's　3. my mother's　4. students'　5. Mr Li's　6. brothers'　7. Teng Fei's　8. Lucy and Lily's 综合检测 · 四： 1. She doesn't like music.　2. Do they have a pet dog?　3. What does your father play every day?　4. 肯定回答：Yes, she does.　否定回答：No, she doesn't.　5. Whose cap is this? 综合检测 · 五： works / teaches / likes / is / works / goes / have / is / likes / love 综合检测 · 六： 1. She plays the piano very well.　2. Does your father like fishing?　3. My sister has a cat.　4. This is my parents' car.　5. She likes reading very much. 综合检测 · 七： has / makes / looks / likes / read / play / are 人教版七上 Unit 2 · 语法讲义 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $