Unit 5单元语法讲义（讲练结合）2026-2027学年人教版七年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语情态动词can表示能力的核心知识点，系统梳理其含义、四大特点（无人称数变化、接动词原形、否定加not、疑问句can提前）及四种基本句式，结合教材3a-3c精讲与易错点分析，通过语法图表总结构建“讲解-练习-检测”的完整学习支架。 该资料以语言能力培养为核心，通过对比（如can与do的区别）、口诀记忆提升表达准确性，分层练习（填空、造句、短文填空）和综合检测（单选、句型转换等）强化应用，课后自我检测清单助力学习能力提升，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺。

Unit 5 · 情态动词 can（表示能力） 人教版七年级上册  ·  语法精讲 · 随堂练 · 综合检测 学习目标 · 目标一：归纳含有情态动词 can 的句子结构特点。 · 目标二：理解情态动词 can 描述能力的表意功能。 · 目标三：准确使用 can 的各种句式来描述能力。 一 情态动词 can 的基本用法 1. can 的含义 can 表示 “能、会”，用来描述 能力（体力、智力、技能等）。 · I can swim.（我会游泳。） · She can speak English.（她会说英语。） · They can play chess.（他们会下棋。） 2. can 的核心特点 情态动词 can 的四大特点 · 没有人称和数的变化 → 不管主语是 I / you / he / she / it / we / they，都用 can · 后面接动词原形 → can + 动词原形（不能加 to，不能加 s/es） · 否定句直接加 not → cannot / can't · 疑问句直接把 can 提到句首 → Can + 主语 + 动词原形 ...? 破解点：can 与 do 的最大区别——can 没有人称和数的变化！ · ✅ He can swim.（不是 He cans swim） · ✅ She can play the violin.（不是 She can plays） 3. can 的四种句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他. I can swim. Emma can sing well. 否定句 主语 + cannot / can't + 动词原形 + 其他. I can't swim. She can't play any musical instruments. 一般疑问句 Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Can you play ping-pong? Can he play the violin? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + can. Yes, I can. / Yes, he can. 否定回答 No, 主语 + can't. No, I can't. / No, he can't. 4. 教材 3a 精讲 观察黑体动词，它们有变化吗？ · Can you play ping-pong? → Yes, I can. / No, I can't. → can 不随主语变化 · Can he play the violin? → Yes, he can. / No, he can't. → can 不随主语变化 · Can they play chess? → Yes, they can. / No, they can't. → can 不随主语变化 · I can run fast, but I can't swim. → can 后接动词原形（run / swim） · Emma can sing well, but she can't play any musical instruments. → can 后接动词原形（sing / play） 破解点：观察黑体动词 can——不管主语是 I / he / they / Emma，can 的形式都不变！后面永远接 动词原形。 练习一 · 用 can / can't 填空 1. Fish _______________ swim, but they _______________ fly. 2. Birds _______________ fly, but they _______________ swim well. 3. I _______________ play the piano, but I _______________ play the guitar. 4. She _______________ speak English and Chinese. 5. He _______________ run very fast. 6. They _______________ cook, but they _______________ bake cakes. 二 教材 3b 精讲 · 句子配对 将两部分匹配成完整句子，然后用 can 造更多句子： · A fish can swim. → 鱼会游泳。 · A duck can swim. → 鸭子会游泳。（也可说 can fly — 鸭子会飞，但游泳是更典型的特征） · A parrot can speak. → 鹦鹉会说话。 · A dog can run fast. → 狗能跑得快。 · A cat can climb trees. → 猫会爬树。 破解点：有些动物的能力不是唯一的（如鸭子既能游泳也能飞），但要根据常识选择 最典型 的能力。 练习二 · 用 can 造句 1. 我会弹吉他。 → ____________________________________ 2. 她不会说法语。 →  ____________________________________ 3. 他们会下棋吗？ →    ____________________________________  4. 鱼会游泳吗？ →    ____________________________________  5. 我哥哥会打网球，但他不会打乒乓球。 →     ____________________________________ 三 教材 3c 精讲 · 短文填空 用方框中的词完成短文： My best friend is Linda. She is good at so many things! She can speak English, French, and some Chinese. I can't speak French, but I'd like to learn. Linda can play the guitar and the violin too. I like to watch her play. And she can do so much more. She likes to play ping-pong and tennis. She can even make delicious cakes! Everyone in our class likes her. 破解点： · is → be动词，描述状态“擅长很多事情” · can speak → 会讲三种语言（能力） · can't speak → 不会说法语（否定能力） · can play → 会弹吉他和小提琴（能力） · likes to play → 喜欢打乒乓球和网球（喜好，非能力） · can even make → 甚至能做蛋糕（强调能力） 练习三 · 用 can / can't / is / likes 填空 1. My brother _______________ swim very fast. 2. She _______________ good at maths. 3. I _______________ play the violin, but I _______________ play the piano. 4. My sister _______________ reading books. 5. They _______________ speak English, but they _______________ speak Chinese. 6. He _______________ a good student. 四 易错点与重难点 易错点一：can 后面跟动词原形，不能加 to，也不能加 s/es。 ❌ She can to swim.   ❌ He can plays football. ✅ She can swim.   ✅ He can play football. 易错点二：can 没有人称和数的变化。 ❌ He cans sing.   ❌ She can sings. ✅ He can sing.   ✅ She can sing. 易错点三：can 的否定形式是 cannot（正式）或 can't（缩写）。 ✅ I cannot swim.   ✅ I can't swim. 易错点四：can 的疑问句直接把 can 提到句首，不需要助动词 do/does。 ❌ Do you can swim?   ❌ Does she can swim? ✅ Can you swim?   ✅ Can she swim? 易错点五：can 表示能力，与 like（喜欢）不同。 ✅ I can play tennis.（我会打网球 — 能力） ✅ I like to play tennis.（我喜欢打网球 — 喜好） 练习四 · 改错题 1. She can to swim. → ____________________________________ 2. He can plays the guitar. →  ____________________________________ 3. Do you can speak English? → ____________________________________ 4. She cans sing very well. → ____________________________________ 5. I can not swim.（改为缩写形式）→____________________________________ 6. He can speak English and he can speaks Chinese too. → ____________________________________ 五 语法图表总结（必背） can 句式结构总表 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + can + 动词原形 I can swim. 否定句 主语 + cannot / can't + 动词原形 I can't swim. 一般疑问句 Can + 主语 + 动词原形? Can you swim? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + can. Yes, I can. 否定回答 No, 主语 + can't. No, I can't. can 使用口诀 can 后加原形，不能加 to 和 s， 否定加 not，疑问 can 提前， 人称数不变，能力 全靠它！ 六 综合检测（全题型） 一、单项选择题 1. She _______________ speak English very well. A. can B. cans C. can to D. can't 2. _______________ you play the piano? A. Do B. Are C. Can D. Does 3. He can _______________ very fast. A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 4. I _______________ swim, but I _______________ skate. A. can / can B. can't / can C. can / can't D. can't / can't 5. _______________ he speak French? — No, he _______________. A. Can / can B. Can / can't C. Does / doesn't D. Is / isn't 6. My sister _______________ the violin very well. A. can play B. can plays C. cans play D. can to play 7. A parrot _______________ speak, but a fish _______________. A. can / can B. can't / can't C. can / can't D. can't / can 8. We _______________ see the blackboard clearly. A. can't B. don't can C. not can D. can not to 9. _______________ your brother _______________ chess? A. Can / play B. Can / plays C. Does / play D. Is / playing 10. She is good at cooking. She _______________ delicious cakes. A. can make B. can makes C. cans make D. can to make 二、用 can / can't 填空 1. A fish _______________ swim, but it _______________ walk. 2. A bird _______________ fly, but it _______________ swim very well. 3. I _______________ play the guitar, but I _______________ play the piano. 4. She _______________ speak three languages. 5. They _______________ cook, but they _______________ bake. 6. He _______________ run 100 metres in 10 seconds. 三、句型转换 1. She can play the violin.（改为否定句） ____________________________________ 2. They can speak English.（改为一般疑问句） ____________________________________ 3. He can swim.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________ 4. Can your sister play chess?（作肯定回答和否定回答） 肯定回答：       否定回答：     5. I can play basketball.（改为一般疑问句） ____________________________________ 四、短文填空 My name is Tom. I have a good friend. His name is Mike. Mike   ________   (can / can't) play the guitar very well. He  ________   (can / can't) also sing. But he  ________    (can / can't) play the piano. I ________ (can / can't) play the guitar, but I ________  (can / can't) play the piano. We often play music together. Mike________(like / likes) to play the guitar, and I ________ (like / likes) to play the piano. We have a lot of fun. 五、改错题 1. She can to swim. → ____________________________________ 2. He can plays the guitar. → ____________________________________ 3. Do you can speak English? → ____________________________________ 4. She cans sing very well. →  ____________________________________ 5. I can not swim.（改为缩写形式）→ ____________________________________ 6. He can speak English and he can speaks Chinese too. →  ____________________________________ 六、选词填空 从方框中选择正确的词填空。 can / can't / is / likes / has My sister Linda ________ a very talented girl. She________ draw beautiful pictures. She ________ also play the piano. But she ________ play the guitar. She ________ reading books. She _________ very kind and helpful. Everyone in our family loves her. 七 课后自我检测清单 · 我能说出 can 表示能力的用法。 · 我能正确使用 can + 动词原形。 · 我能正确使用 can 的否定形式（can't / cannot）。 · 我能正确使用 can 的一般疑问句（Can + 主语 + 动词原形?）。 · 我能区分 can 和 like 的用法。 · 我能用 can 描述自己或他人的能力。 参考答案 练习一： 1. can / can't　2. can / can't　3. can / can't　4. can　5. can　6. can / can't 练习二： 1. I can play the guitar.　2. She can't speak French.　3. Can they play chess?　4. Can fish swim?　5. My brother can play tennis, but he can't play ping-pong. 练习三： 1. can　2. is　3. can / can't　4. likes　5. can / can't　6. is 练习四： 1. She can swim.　2. He can play the guitar.　3. Can you speak English?　4. She can sing very well.　5. I can't swim. / I cannot swim.　6. He can speak English and he can speak Chinese too. 综合检测 · 一： 1. A　2. C　3. A　4. C　5. B　6. A　7. C　8. A　9. A　10. A 综合检测 · 二： 1. can / can't　2. can / can't　3. can / can't　4. can　5. can / can't　6. can 综合检测 · 三： 1. She can't play the violin. / She cannot play the violin.　2. Can they speak English?　3. What can he do?　4. 肯定回答：Yes, she can.　否定回答：No, she can't.　5. Can you play basketball? 综合检测 · 四： ① can　② can　③ can't　④ can't　⑤ can　⑥ likes　⑦ like 综合检测 · 五： 1. She can swim.　2. He can play the guitar.　3. Can you speak English?　4. She can sing very well.　5. I can't swim. / I cannot swim.　6. He can speak English and he can speak Chinese too. 综合检测 · 六： ① is　② can　③ can　④ can't　⑤ likes　⑥ is 人教版七上 Unit 5 · 语法讲义 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $