Unit 3 My School.暑期自学讲义（讲练解析彩色排版）2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上学期

🏫 人教版七年级英语上册 · Unit 3 My School 👩‍🏫 暑假自学讲义 · 讲练结合 · 适合初一新生 📑 目录 Part 1 学习目标  |  Part 2 词汇与短语  |  Part 3 语音 · 后元音与重音  |  Part 4 核心句型  |  Part 5 语法 · There be  |  Part 6 语法 · 方位介词  |  Part 7 Section B 课文精讲  |  Part 8 综合闯关  |  Part 9 答案与解析  |  Part 10 附录 · 速查 Part 1 单元学习目标 ✔ 识别并谈论校园里的建筑物、基础设施以及教室里的各种物品，并描述它们的位置。 ✔ 了解电子邮件的基本特征及其格式体例，能通过邮件介绍自己的学校。 ✔ 听辨并准确读出 /ɔː/ 和 /ɒ/、/uː/ 和 /ʊ/ 两组后元音。 ✔ 理解 there be 的基本结构和表意功能，能正确使用 there be 结构和介词短语描述位置。 ✔ 发现日常校园生活中的闪光点，关注并了解中外校园文化，热爱学校。 Part 2 单元词汇与短语 一、校园场所词汇 单词 词义 记忆小贴士 hall 礼堂；大厅 school hall 学校礼堂 dining hall 餐厅 dining = 就餐 building 建筑物；房子 classroom building 教学楼 centre 中心；中央 student centre 学生中心 gym 体育馆；健身房 do sports in the gym field 场地；田地 sports field 运动场 office 办公室 teachers' office 教师办公室 library 图书馆 borrow books in the library locker 有锁存物柜 put things in lockers bookcase 书架；书柜 books in the bookcase screen 屏幕；银幕 smart whiteboard screen drawer 抽屉 desk drawer 书桌抽屉 corner 角；墙角 in the corner 在角落 二、描述性词汇 单词 词义 例句 large 大的；大号的 Our classroom is large. special 特别的；特殊的 There's a special place. smart 智能的；聪明的 a smart whiteboard important 重要的 important notices modern 现代的；当代的 modern buildings amazing 令人惊奇的 It's amazing! delicious 美味的；可口的 delicious jiaozi similar 类似的；相像的 similar to our school 三、核心短语 in front of — 在……前面（外部） in the front of — 在……前部（内部） across from — 在对面 next to — 紧邻；在……旁边 between ... and ... — 在……之间 behind — 在……后面 at the back (of) — 在（……）后面 put up — 张贴；搭建 do exercises — 做操；做运动 raise the flag — 升旗 different from — 与……不同 similar to — 与……相似 How about ...? — ……怎么样？ 🔴 特别注意： 📌 in front of（在……前面，外部）vs in the front of（在……前部，内部） 📌 across from = opposite（在对面） 📌 between ... and ... 连接两个并列成分 📌 teachers' building 复数所有格，表示"老师们的教学楼" Part 3 语音加油站 —— 后元音 /ɔː/ /ɒ/ /uː/ /ʊ/ 与单词重音 一、后元音对比 /ɔː/ sport, short, fork /ɒ/ fox, shot, clock /uː/ food, school, rule /ʊ/ look, good, full 📌 发音口诀 /ɔː/ 长音"奥"（sport, short） /ɒ/ 短音"奥"（fox, clock） /uː/ 长音"乌"（food, school） /ʊ/ 短音"乌"（look, good） 💡 注： shot 中的 o 在英式英语中读 /ɒ/，美式英语中读 /ɑː/；clock 同理。本讲义采用英式发音标注。 二、多音节单词重音 🎵 多音节词重音规律： 📌 重音在第一音节：'library, 'interesting, 'family, 'beautiful, 'favourite 📌 重音在第二音节：com'puter, a'nother, im'portant, to'gether, a'mazing Exercise 1 (发音归类): 将下列单词按划线部分读音归类。 sport, fox, food, look, short, shot, school, good, fork, clock, rule, full /ɔː/ : __________________   /ɒ/ : __________________ /uː/ : __________________   /ʊ/ : __________________ Exercise 2 (判断重音位置): 判断下列单词的重音在第几音节。 (1) library 第______音节   (2) computer 第______音节 (3) beautiful 第______音节   (4) important 第______音节 Part 4 核心句型与对话 一、询问与描述位置 问句 答句 汉译 Where is the library? It's behind the classroom building. 图书馆在哪里？在教学楼后面。 Where are the bookcases? They're next to the window. 书柜在哪里？在窗户旁边。 Is there a gym in this school? Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. 这所学校有体育馆吗？是的，有。/ 不，没有。 Are there any lockers? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 有储物柜吗？是的，有。/ 不，没有。 二、询问学校生活 问句 答句 汉译 What's your new classroom like? It's large and clean. 你的新教室怎么样？它又大又干净。 What fun things do you do at school? We do exercises and raise the flag. 你们在学校做什么有趣的事？我们做操和升旗。 💬 对话模板 对话：谈论新教室 A: What's your new classroom like, Peter? （彼得，你的新教室怎么样？） B: It's large. There are 40 student desks in the room. （它很大。教室里有40张学生课桌。） A: Is there a smart whiteboard in your classroom? （你们教室里有智能白板吗？） B: Yes, there is. It's next to the blackboard. （是的，有。它在黑板旁边。） Exercise 3 (补全对话): A: (1) ______ is your new school? B: It's very beautiful. There are many modern buildings. A: (2) ______ a sports field in your school? B: Yes, there is. It's (3) ______ the classroom building. A: (4) ______ do you like about your school? B: I like the dining hall (5) ______ there are many kinds of food. Part 5 语法精讲 —— There be 结构 💡 There be 结构表示 "某处有某物"，表示存在。 一、基本结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 There is / are + 主语 + 地点状语 There is a library behind the building. 否定句 There isn't / aren't + 主语 + 地点状语 There aren't any lockers in the classroom. 一般疑问句 Is / Are there + 主语 + 地点状语？ Is there a gym in your school? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + is/are + there + ...？ How many students are there in your class? 二、There is 与 There are 的选择 主语 be动词 例句 单数名词 / 不可数名词 There is There is a book on the desk. 复数名词 There are There are 40 desks in the room. 并列主语（就近原则） 最近的名词决定 There is a pen and two books. 三、some 与 any 的用法 📌 特别提醒： 📌 some 用于肯定句：There are some lockers in the classroom. 📌 any 用于否定句和疑问句：There aren't any lockers. / Are there any lockers? 🔴 高频考点： 📌 There be 与 have 的区别： There is a book on the desk.（存在——某处有某物） I have a book.（拥有——某人有某物） 📌 There be 的 就近原则： There is a pen and two pencils.（pen 是单数） There are two pencils and a pen.（pencils 是复数） 📖 易错对比： ❌ There have 40 desks in the room.（There be 不能用 have） ✅ There are 40 desks in the room. ❌ There are a library and two gyms. ✅ There is a library and two gyms. （就近原则正确） Exercise 4 (用 there be 填空): (1) ______ a nice library behind the classroom building. (2) ______ any lockers in your classroom? (3) ______ 40 student desks in the room. (4) ______ some pictures on the wall. (5) ______ a teacher's desk and 40 chairs in the room. Part 6 语法精讲 —— 方位介词 💡 方位介词用来描述 物品或场所之间的位置关系。 介词 含义 例句 in front of 在……前面（外部） The dining hall is in front of the art building. in the front of 在……前部（内部） There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. behind 在……后面 The library is behind the sports field. next to 在……旁边 The bookcase is next to the window. between 在……之间 The student centre is between the library and the gym. across from 在……对面 The dining hall is across from the sports field. at the back (of) 在（……）后面 There's a blackboard at the back of the classroom. 🔴 易混辨析： 📌 in front of（外部的前面） vs in the front of（内部的前部） There is a tree in front of the classroom.（教室外面有一棵树） There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.（教室前部有一块黑板） 📌 between ... and ... 连接两个并列对象 📌 at the back of = behind（在……后面） Exercise 5 (选词填空): 用 in front of / behind / next to / between / across from 填空。 (1) The library is ______ the classroom building.（在……后面） (2) The dining hall is ______ the sports field.（在……对面） (3) The student centre is ______ the library and the gym.（在……之间） (4) The bookcase is ______ the window.（在……旁边） (5) There is a tree ______ the classroom.（在……前面） Part 7 Section B 课文精讲 —— What fun things do you do at school? 一、电子邮件格式 📧 电子邮件基本格式： To: 收件人邮箱  |  From: 发件人邮箱 Subject: 邮件主题（可选） 正文结构： ① 称呼：Hi Flora, / Dear Flora, ② 开头：Thanks for your email.（感谢对方来信） ③ 正文：回答对方问题，介绍自己的学校 ④ 结尾：How about your school?（询问对方） ⑤ 署名：Yours, Peter 二、课文原文 To: flora4ever@magictime.com From: peterbrown@happymail.com Hi Flora, Thanks for your email. To answer your question, my new school is great! It's very beautiful. There are many modern buildings. There's a large sports field next to the teachers' building. All the students go there and do exercises together in the morning. It's amazing! Every Monday we raise the flag there. It's a special way to start the week. The classroom building is behind the sports field. We spend most of the time in our classroom. It's big and clean. Every week, we change seats. This week I sit next to my best friend, Han Lin. The dining hall is across from the sports field. It's my favourite place because there are many kinds of food. I love the Chinese food there. They make delicious jiaozi. How about your school? Yours, Peter 💡 注： teachers' building 使用复数所有格，表示"老师们的教学楼"（以 s 结尾的复数名词所有格只加 '）。 三、课文结构分析 段落 内容概要 功能 第1段 感谢来信 + 总体评价学校 开篇点题，总述 第2段 运动场及活动（做操、升旗） 介绍第一个场所 第3段 教学楼及教室（换座位） 介绍第二个场所 第4段 餐厅（最喜欢的场所及原因） 介绍第三个场所 + 表达喜好 第5段 询问对方学校 + 署名 结尾，互动 📌 写作技巧： 本文按照 "总—分—总" 结构展开： ① 开篇总述（my new school is great!）→ ② 分述三个场所（运动场、教学楼、餐厅）→ ③ 结尾询问对方（How about your school?）。 四、重点词汇与短语解析 词汇/短语 词义 课文例句 拓展/考点 Thanks for 谢谢…… Thanks for your email. for 后接名词/-ing，表示感谢原因 What's ... like? ……怎么样？ What's your new school like? 询问对事物的看法，= How is ...? next to 在……旁边 next to the teachers' building 方位介词，表示紧邻 do exercises 做操；做运动 do exercises together exercise 可数（一套操）/不可数（运动） raise the flag 升旗 Every Monday we raise the flag. raise = 举起；升起 spend 花（时间） We spend most of the time in our classroom. spend time (in) doing sth change seats 换座位 Every week, we change seats. change = 改变 across from 在……对面 The dining hall is across from the sports field. = opposite because 因为 It's my favourite place because there are many kinds of food. 引导原因状语从句 How about ……怎么样？ How about your school? = What about 🔴 重点易错点 1： What's ... like? 与 How is ...? 同义 What's your new classroom like? = How is your new classroom? 🔴 重点易错点 2： thanks for + 名词/doing ✅ Thanks for your email. ✅ Thanks for helping me. 🔴 重点易错点 3： spend 的用法 We spend most of the time in our classroom. He spends two hours doing his homework. 🔴 重点易错点 4： teachers' building 复数所有格 teachers' building = 老师们的教学楼（以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 '） 五、重点句子解析 句子 解析 考点 Thanks for your email. Thanks for = Thank you for，表示感谢。 for 后接感谢的原因。 To answer your question, my new school is great! To answer your question 不定式作目的状语。 不定式表目的，to do 放在句首。 All the students go there and do exercises together in the morning. go there and do exercises 并列谓语；in the morning 时间状语。 do exercises 做操，do exercise 做运动（不可数）。 Every Monday we raise the flag there. Every Monday 时间状语放句首，表示频率。 频率状语放句首可起强调作用。 It's my favourite place because there are many kinds of food. because 引导原因状语从句，解释为什么最喜欢。 many kinds of = 许多种类。 六、课文理解练习 根据课文内容，判断正误（T/F）： (1) Peter's new school is not beautiful. （ ） (2) Students do exercises on the sports field every morning. （ ） (3) Peter sits next to Han Lin this week. （ ） (4) The dining hall is Peter's favourite place because it's big. （ ） (5) Peter doesn't like Chinese food. （ ） 💡 提示： 仔细阅读课文，注意细节信息。 Part 8 综合闯关 (满分100分) 一、根据汉语提示写单词（每题1分，共12分） 1. We have lunch in the d________ (餐厅) hall. 2. There is a l________ (图书馆) behind the classroom building. 3. We do sports in the g________ (体育馆). 4. The classroom is l________ (大的) and clean. 5. There is a s________ (智能的) whiteboard in the classroom. 6. Please put up the n________ (通知) on the blackboard. 7. There are some l________ (储物柜) in the hallway. 8. The teacher's desk is in the c________ (角落). 9. There are many m________ (现代的) buildings in our school. 10. The food in the dining hall is d________ (美味的). 11. We r________ (升起) the flag every Monday. 12. I like to read in the school l________ (图书馆). 二、用 there be 的适当形式填空（每题1分，共8分） 13. ______ a nice library behind the classroom building. 14. ______ any lockers in your classroom? 15. ______ 40 student desks in the room. 16. ______ some pictures on the wall. 17. ______ a teacher's desk and 40 chairs in the room. 18. ______ any flowers in front of the building? 19. ______ a dining hall across from the sports field. 20. ______ many kinds of food in the dining hall. 三、单项选择（每题2分，共20分） 21. — What's your new classroom ______? — It's large and clean. A. like   B. look   C. likes   D. looks （ ） 22. There ______ a library and two gyms in our school. A. is   B. are   C. am   D. be （ ） 23. The dining hall is ______ the sports field. A. in front   B. across from   C. next   D. between （ ） 24. — ______ there a gym in this school? — Yes, there ______. A. Is; is   B. Are; are   C. Is; isn't   D. Are; aren't （ ） 25. We ______ most of the time in our classroom. A. take   B. cost   C. spend   D. pay （ ） 26. Every Monday we ______ the flag on the sports field. A. rise   B. raise   C. rose   D. raises （ ） 27. Thanks ______ your email. A. to   B. for   C. with   D. of （ ） 28. There are some bookcases ______ the window. A. in front of   B. next to   C. between   D. across from （ ） 29. The student centre is ______ the library and the gym. A. in front of   B. behind   C. between   D. across from （ ） 30. — ______ is your school? — It's very beautiful. A. How   B. What   C. Where   D. Who （ ） 四、按要求完成句子（每题3分，共15分） 31. There is a library behind the classroom building.（改为一般疑问句） ___________________________________________ 32. There are 40 desks in the room.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________ 33. The dining hall is across from the sports field.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________ 34. There are some lockers in the classroom.（改为否定句） ___________________________________________ 35. My new school is very beautiful.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________ 五、完形填空（每题1分，共10分） Dear Flora, Thanks for your email. To answer your question, my new school is great! It's very beautiful. (36) ______ many modern buildings. There's a large sports field (37) ______ the teachers' building. All the students go there and (38) ______ exercises together in the morning. It's amazing! Every Monday we (39) ______ the flag there. The classroom building is (40) ______ the sports field. We spend most of the time in our classroom. Every week, we change (41) ______. This week I sit next to my best friend. The dining hall is across from the sports field. It's my (42) ______ place because there are many (43) ______ of food. I love the Chinese food there. They make (44) ______ jiaozi. (45) ______ about your school? Yours, Peter 36. A. There is   B. There are   C. There have   D. There has （ ） 37. A. next to   B. across from   C. between   D. behind （ ） 38. A. make   B. take   C. do   D. have （ ） 39. A. rise   B. raise   C. put   D. take （ ） 40. A. in front of   B. across from   C. behind   D. next to （ ） 41. A. seats   B. desks   C. chairs   D. classes （ ） 42. A. like   B. favourite   C. love   D. enjoy （ ） 43. A. kind   B. kinds   C. a kind   D. kindes （ ） 44. A. bad   B. delicious   C. important   D. special （ ） 45. A. What   B. How   C. Where   D. Who （ ） 六、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分） Passage Hi, I'm Peter. My new school is great! It's very beautiful. There are many modern buildings. There's a large sports field next to the teachers' building. All the students go there and do exercises together in the morning. Every Monday we raise the flag there. The classroom building is behind the sports field. We spend most of the time in our classroom. It's big and clean. Every week, we change seats. This week I sit next to my best friend, Han Lin. The dining hall is across from the sports field. It's my favourite place because there are many kinds of food. I love the Chinese food there. They make delicious jiaozi. 46. Where is the sports field? A. Behind the classroom building.   B. Next to the teachers' building. C. Across from the dining hall.   D. In front of the library. （ ） 47. What do students do on the sports field in the morning? A. They play football.   B. They do exercises and raise the flag. C. They read books.   D. They have lunch. （ ） 48. Where is the classroom building? A. In front of the sports field.   B. Next to the dining hall. C. Behind the sports field.   D. Across from the library. （ ） 49. Why does Peter like the dining hall best? A. Because it's big.   B. Because there are many kinds of food. C. Because it's clean.   D. Because it's modern. （ ） 50. What does Peter think of his new school? A. It's old.   B. It's small.   C. It's great.   D. It's boring. （ ） 七、书面表达（10分） 假设你是 Li Ming，请给你的朋友 Tom 写一封电子邮件，介绍你的学校（不少于60词）。 要求：1. 介绍至少3个场所及位置；2. 描述你最喜欢的场所并说明原因；3. 正确使用 there be 和方位介词。 （写作区域 ，请在此处作答） _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 9 答案与详细解析 Exercise 1 答案 /ɔː/ : sport, short, fork  |  /ɒ/ : fox, shot, clock /uː/ : food, school, rule  |  /ʊ/ : look, good, full 💡 注： shot 和 clock 中的 o 在英式英语中读 /ɒ/，美式英语中读 /ɑː/。本讲义采用英式发音标注。 Exercise 2 答案 (1) 1   (2) 2   (3) 1   (4) 2 Exercise 3 答案 1. How   2. Is there   3. next to   4. What   5. because Exercise 4 答案 1. There is   2. Are there   3. There are   4. There are   5. There is 📖 解析： 第5题根据就近原则，a teacher's desk 是单数，所以用 There is。 Exercise 5 答案 1. behind   2. across from   3. between   4. next to   5. in front of Section B 课文理解练习答案 (1) F（文中说 "my new school is great! It's very beautiful."） (2) T (3) T (4) F（因为 "there are many kinds of food"） (5) F（文中说 "I love the Chinese food there."） 综合检测答案 一、单词填空： 1. dining   2. library   3. gym   4. large   5. smart   6. notice   7. lockers   8. corner   9. modern   10. delicious   11. raise   12. library 二、there be 填空： 13. There is   14. Are there   15. There are   16. There are   17. There is   18. Are there   19. There is   20. There are 📖 解析： 第17题根据就近原则，a teacher's desk 是单数，用 There is。 三、单项选择： 21. A   22. A   23. B   24. A   25. C   26. B   27. B   28. B   29. C   30. A 📖 详细解析： 21. What's ... like? 固定句型 → A。 22. 就近原则，library 单数 → A。 23. "在对面"用 across from → B。 24. 疑问句用 Is there，肯定回答 Yes, there is. → A。 25. "花时间"用 spend → C。 26. "升旗"用 raise → B。 27. Thanks for 固定搭配 → B。 28. "在旁边"用 next to → B。 29. "在……之间"用 between → C。 30. 询问"怎么样"用 How → A。What 也可表示"什么样"，但 How 更符合语境。 四、句型转换： 31. Is there a library behind the classroom building? 32. How many desks are there in the room? 33. Where is the dining hall? 34. There aren't any lockers in the classroom.（注意 some 改为 any） 35. What is your new school like? / How is your new school? 五、完形填空： 36. B   37. A   38. C   39. B   40. C   41. A   42. B   43. B   44. B   45. B 📖 详细解析： 36. buildings 复数 → B。 37. "在……旁边" → A。 38. do exercises 固定搭配 → C。 39. "升旗"用 raise → B。 40. 教学楼在运动场后面 → C。 41. "换座位"用 seats → A。 42. "最喜欢的" → B。 43. many kinds of → B。 44. "美味的" → B。 45. How about → B。 六、阅读理解： 46. B   47. B   48. C   49. B   50. C 📖 详细解析： 46. "next to the teachers' building" → B。 47. "do exercises and raise the flag" → B。 48. "behind the sports field" → C。 49. "because there are many kinds of food" → B。 50. "my new school is great" → C。 七、书面表达参考范文 Dear Tom, Thanks for your email. My new school is great! There are many modern buildings. There is a large sports field behind the classroom building. We do exercises there every morning. The library is next to the gym. I like to read there. My favourite place is the dining hall. It's across from the sports field. There are many kinds of delicious food. I love the Chinese food there. How about your school? Yours, Li Ming 评分标准： 内容完整性3分 + 句型与语法运用4分 + 词汇使用2分 + 书写规范1分 = 10分 Part 10 附录 · 速查表 📘 There be 结构速查： There is + 单数名词/不可数名词  |  There are + 复数名词 some 用于肯定句 ｜ any 用于否定句/疑问句 📌 方位介词速查： in front of（在……前面，外部）｜ in the front of（在……前部，内部）｜ behind（在……后面）｜ next to（在……旁边）｜ between ... and ...（在……之间）｜ across from（在……对面）｜ at the back of（在……后面） 📌 核心句型： — What's your new classroom like? （你的新教室怎么样？） — Is there a gym in your school? （你们学校有体育馆吗？） — Where is the library? （图书馆在哪里？） 🔴 易错点 TOP 6： ① There be 与 have 的区别（存在 vs 拥有）！ ② There be 的 就近原则！ ③ in front of（外部前面）vs in the front of（内部前部）！ ④ What's ... like? = How is ...?！ ⑤ Thanks for + 名词/-ing！ ⑥ some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句/疑问句！ ⏳ 暑假安排： Day1 词汇+校园场所 ; Day2 语音·后元音与重音 ; Day3 There be 结构 ; Day4 方位介词 ; Day5 Section B 课文精讲 ; Day6 综合+作文。 🎓 祝同学们暑假学习愉快，热爱校园，追逐梦想！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $