精品解析：上海市控江中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语期末试卷

上海市控江中学2024学年第一学期高二年级英语期末试卷 (笔试满分115分，完成时间105分钟) 2025.1 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Inside the Teahouses of Chengdu You have not properly experienced Chengdu until you give up your sightseeing plans and prepare to do nothing at one of its many teahouses. Settle into a slope-backed bamboo chair and let the afternoon drift away. Listen to the slosh of hot water ____1____ (pour) into teacups, the rustle of newspapers, the clack of mahjong tiles, and a murmur of conversation. Crack melon seeds or eat boiled peanuts. Slurp tea. Let relaxation and laziness take over in the cloudy, humid embrace of a summer day in Chengdu. Sichuan has long been one of China’s major tea-producing regions. Chengdu ____2____ (become) noted for its teahouses by the Tang dynasty — as early as the ninth century. For centuries, teahouses were places for entertainment as well as tea, ___3___ performances of storytelling, music and especially the fading art of Sichuan opera taking the stage. You will find many of Chengdu’s old-school teahouses in parks. Heming Teahouse in Renmin Park buzzes with morning retirees, lunchtime office workers, and afternoon visitors, all of ____4____ sit under red lanterns by a lotus pond. When the noise gets too much, move on to Shaocheng Teahouse in the same park. Regulars are older and quieter. They bring songbirds on outings, ____5____ (hang) their cages in the branches of willow trees, and play mahjong in a pavilion covered with moss. In more recent years, however, increasingly elaborate teahouses have opened ____6____ (appeal) to the younger generation, who tend to have a taste for superior teas in a more contemporary style. The most famous one of them is Mi Xun Teahouse in Taikoo Li in the city’s ____7____ (fashionable) retail district. As in all teahouses, the tea comes in individual packets with a thermos of water. Maofeng green tea from Mount Emei, south of Chengdu, is the traditional favorite. Shake the loose leaves into your palm-sized cup. The cup usually comes with a saucer and a lid that ____8____ (function) to strain (过滤) floating leaves and to keep the tea warm. Don’t let the water level in your cup get too low ____9____ any bitterness from the tea leaves is concentrated at the bottom. You can top up your tea all afternoon without having to buy anything else. In Chengdu teahouses, people refresh ____10____ between bouts of fan-dancing or martial-arts practice. They slip sideways into a gentler time that ignores urban China’s fast-paced, never-ending hustle. The Sichuan capital is booming too, yet has managed to retain the provincial character and slower pace that has been lost in many other Chinese cities. 【答案】1. being poured 2. had become 3. with 4. whom 5. hanging 6. to appeal 7. most fashionable 8. functions 9. since 10. themselves 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了成都的茶馆文化，包括其历史渊源、茶馆的分布与特色、饮茶方式以及茶馆所承载的悠闲生活方式。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：倾听热水注入茶杯的哗哗声、报纸的沙沙声、麻将牌的碰撞声和低低的谈话声。空处是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语water之间是被动关系，结合空前的介词of可知，此处为动名词的被动式 being poured 作宾语，与water构成动名词的复合结构。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：早在9世纪的唐代，成都就已因茶馆而闻名。空处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“by the Tang dynasty — as early as the ninth century”可知，表示“到过去某个时间点为止已经发生”，应用过去完成时，所以谓语动词为 had become。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几个世纪以来，茶馆既是娱乐场所，也是喝茶的地方，讲故事、音乐，尤其是四川戏曲这一日渐式微的艺术表演登上舞台。此处为with的复合结构，构成“with + 宾语 + 现在分词”结构，意为“伴随着……”，所以此处为介词with。 【4题详解】  考查定语从句关系词。句意：人民公园的鹤鸣茶馆里，早晨的退休老人、午餐时间的上班族和下午的游客熙熙攘攘，他们都坐在荷花池旁的红灯笼下。空处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为retirees, office workers, and visitors指人，关系代词作介词of的宾语，应用whom。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们把鸣禽带出来散步，将鸟笼挂在柳树枝上，在长满青苔的亭子里打麻将。“挂鸟笼”是“带鸟出来”这个行为的一部分，是伴随发生的次要动作，所以空处作bring songbirds on outings的伴随状语，与逻辑主语They之间是主动关系，应用现在分词 hanging 。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，近年来，越来越多精致的茶馆开业，以吸引年轻一代，他们往往更喜欢以更现代的风格品味上等茶叶。空处作目的状语，表示“为了吸引”，应用不定式。 【7题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：其中最著名的是位于城市最时尚的零售区太古里的谧寻茶馆。空处修饰名词retail district，根据语境“太古里是成都最时尚的零售区之一”，结合空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词最高级 most fashionable。 【8题详解】 考查时态。句意：杯子通常配有茶碟和杯盖，杯盖的作用是过滤漂浮的茶叶并保温。空处是定语从句中的谓语动词，从句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语that指代a lid，为第三人称单数，所以要用三单形式。 【9题详解】 考查连词。 句意：不要让杯中的水位太低，因为茶叶的苦涩味集中在底部。空处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，应用 since，意为“既然、因为”，since引导的原因状语从句通常表示已知或显而易见的原因，符合语境。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：在成都的茶馆里，人们在跳扇子舞或练习武术的间隙恢复精力。refresh oneself意为“使自己恢复精力”，反身代词与主语保持一致，主语为people，第三人称复数，所以填 themselves。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. put C. generation D. inadequate E. infected F. isolated G. manage H. mixing I. powerful J. recognition K. setting One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes, but this message has failed to penetrate many other areas of design, including the most forward-looking place on Earth today: Silicon Valley is still churning out new products ____11____ with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets. Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them, perhaps because 90% of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset’s default ____12____. This is not a(n) ____13____ example. Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley’s design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding — and entrepreneurs often build products to solve problems or ____14____ needs that affect them personally. Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face, and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but ____15____ all users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences. Reliance on historical data, and ____16____ data on underrepresented groups, often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法)． Tech’s design bias needs fixing for ethical, safety and business reasons. The ethical imperative is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, ____17____ it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women because they are not designed properly. But there is also a(n) ____18____ business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming. The first voice- ____19____ systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now _____20_____ just fine. “Femtech” startups, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1bn by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 【答案】11. E 12. K 13. F 14. A 15. H 16. D 17. B 18. I 19. J 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了硅谷产品设计普遍存在男性偏向，源于男性主导行业、数据欠缺女性样本。这种偏见违背道德、存在安全隐患且错失商机，如今行业已有改善迹象。 【11题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：裁缝们很久以前就发现，男人和女人的身材不同，但这条信息未能渗透到许多其他设计领域，包括当今地球上最具前瞻性的地方：硅谷仍在大量生产受老派偏见影响的新产品。空格处需要过去分词作后置定语修饰名词products，infected with可引申为“受……影响、充斥着”，此处表示硅谷推出的新产品仍受陈旧性别偏见的影响，符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：女性在使用时感到不适的可能性远高于男性，或许是因为90%的女性瞳孔间距比普通头显的默认设置更小。名词所有格headset’s后接名词，default setting是固定搭配，意为“默认设置”，此处指VR头盔的瞳孔间距默认设置，符合技术产品的语境。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这并非孤立现象。空格后是名词example，需要形容词修饰；后文还提到了智能手机、游戏手柄等同类问题，说明这不是个孤立的个例，isolated example表示 “孤立的例子、个例”，符合语境。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：硅谷设计问题的一个明显原因在于，该地区大部分企业由男性掌控——男性主导的企业获得了82%的风投资金——而创业者往往只关注解决自身或身边人面临的问题。or连接并列的不定式结构solve problems 和____ needs，空格处需要动词原形；address needs是固定搭配，意为“满足需求、应对需求”，与solve problems语义并列。 【15题详解】 考查动名词。句意：这些团队通常依赖数据来做出决策，但将所有用户群体混为一谈，可能导致他们忽略基于性别差异的趋势。空格处是句子主语，需要动名词形式；mix...together 表示“把……混在一起”，此处指把所有用户的数据混在一起分析会忽略性别差异带来的特征，符合逻辑。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：过度依赖历史数据，以及对代表性不足群体的数据不足，常常导致算法出现偏见。空格修饰名词 data，需要形容词；根据后文“造成算法偏见”可知，代表性不足的群体相关数据是不充分的，inadequate 表示“不足的、不充分的”，符合因果逻辑。 【17题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：伦理上的必要性显而易见：正如作家卡罗琳·克里亚多·佩雷斯所言，女性必须在“只适合男性的世界”的世界中勉强适应，这是错误的。根据句意可知，此处为as sb puts it 是固定表达，意为“正如某人所说”，put在此处表示“表述、说”，句子描述过去的表述，用put 的过去式（形式与原形一致）。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，避免设计偏见也存在一个强有力的商业理由：大量机遇正在被错失。空格修饰名词business case，需要形容词；后文提到女性占人口一半、主导大部分消费，说明避免设计偏见有非常充分有力的商业理由，powerful表示“有力的、强有力的”。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：早期的语音识别系统难以理解女性的声音，但如今大多数系统已能很好地胜任。根据句意可知，此处为voice recognition system 是固定术语，意为“语音识别系统”，与后文“难以识别女性声音”的语境完全对应。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：早期的语音识别系统难以理解女性的声音，但如今大多数系统已能很好地胜任。空格处是句子谓语，需要动词原形；manage just fine是固定搭配，意为“运作良好、应付自如”，此处表示如今的语音识别系统已经能很好地识别女性声音。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Pessimism VS. Progress Faster, cheaper, better-technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. As we move into the 2020s, however, ____21____ is in short supply. The new technologies ____22____ the past decade seem to mess up the things. Social media are better known for invading privacy and spreading fake news. E-commerce is ____23____ with underpaying workers and increasing inequality. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies (僵尸). ____24____, the technologies expected to dominate in the new decade also seem to be casting a dark shadow. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well threaten your job. Self-driving cars still do not work, but manage to kill people all the same. Internet giants have changed from talent ____25____ to outcasts (被排斥者). The New York Times sums up the gloom (无望). “A mood of pessimism,” it writes, has ___26___“the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.” ____27____ that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. In the 1970s, the gloom was caused by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage, and the prospect of nuclear disaster．The 1920s witnessed a boycott of cars, which had earlier been seen as a(n) ____28____ answer to the problem of horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and dung, and caused congestion and accidents. Similarly, in the 19th century industrialization was greeted with ____29____ from socialists, who worried about the displacement of skilled workers. However, a wider sense of techno-pessimism can be _____30_____. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology, while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be _____31_____ the much more real benefits of instant communication and the easy access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap.” Fears that robots will _____32_____ people’s jobs may motivate politicians to tax them, for example, to discourage their use. _____33_____, in the long run, countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer. Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the _____34_____ people make about it that shape the world. As a result, the techlash (技术抵制潮) is a necessary step in the adoption of important new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society comes to terms with innovations and imposes rules and policies against their _____35_____ potential. Healthy skepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a small group of technologists. 21. A. challenge B. optimism C. imagination D. knowledge 22. A. dominating B. spoiling C. featuring D. justifying 23. A. experimented B. charged C. loaded D. threatened 24. A. Undoubtedly B. Frustratingly C. Fortunately D. Importantly 25. A. spells B. rings C. magnets D. remedies 26. A. intensified B. mirrored C. replaced D. proved 27. A. Concerns B. Recommendations C. Notices D. Expectations 28. A. unnecessary B. commonplace C. practical D. miraculous 29. A. competition B. reform C. criticism D. applause 30. A. adjusted B. extended C. underestimated D. overdone 31. A. combined with B. substituted for C. weighed against D. compared to 32. A. steal B. facilitate C. guide D. assess 33. A. Likewise B. Furthermore C. However D. Therefore 34. A. assumptions B. comments C. choices D. warnings 35. A. suspicious B. disastrous C. commercial D. illegal 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要讨论了如今人们对科技充满悲观，历史上新技术也曾遭质疑，但这种悲观容易过度。技术本身无好坏，人类的选择决定其影响，合理质疑能约束技术的负面风险。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，当我们步入2020年代时，乐观情绪却日益稀少。A. challenge挑战；B. optimism乐观、乐观情绪；C. imagination想象力；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“Faster, cheaper, better-technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future.”提出科技本是 带来更光明未来”的领域，however表转折，说明进入21世纪20年代后，与 “光明未来”对应的积极情绪十分稀缺，optimism（乐观）与前文的 brighter future 形成逻辑对应。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：过去十年主导的新技术似乎正在破坏一切。A. dominating主导、占主流；B. spoiling破坏、溺爱；C. featuring以……为特色；D. justifying证明……合理。根据下文“…the past decade seem to mess up the things”可知，过去十年主导的新技术似乎正在破坏一切。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：电子商务则因欠薪工人、加剧不平等而备受争议。A. experimented做实验；B. charged指责、指控；C. loaded装满、充斥；D. threatened威胁。根据上文“Social media are better known for invading privacy and spreading fake news.”以及下文“underpaying workers and increasing inequality”可知，此处与前一句并列，分别阐述社交媒体、电商的负面问题，此处指电商被指责压榨薪资、加剧不平等，符合并列的负面评价逻辑。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：令人沮丧的是，那些预计将在新世纪占据主导地位的技术，似乎也投下了一片阴暗的阴影。A. Undoubtedly毫无疑问地；B. Frustratingly 令人沮丧地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Importantly重要地。根据下文“the technologies expected to dominate in the new decade also seem to be casting a dark shadow”可知，前文讲完过去十年的技术已带来诸多问题，本句进一步指出“未来十年的核心技术同样投下阴影”，情绪上是递进的负面感受。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：互联网巨头已从人才吸引地变成了被边缘化的群体。A. spells咒语，一段时间；B. rings戒指；C. magnets磁铁，有吸引力的事物；D. remedies疗法，补救措施。根据下文“The New York Times sums up the gloom (无望).”提到无望，可知，此处指的是互联网巨头已从人才吸引地变成了被边缘化的群体。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：文章写道，“悲观情绪”已经取代了“科学和工业革命必然带来进步的观念”。A. intensified加强、加剧；B. mirrored反映、映照；C. replaced取代、替代；D. proved证明、证实。根据下文“the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions”可知，过去工业革命时期人们认为“进步是必然的”，而当下弥漫悲观情绪，二者是新旧认知的替代关系，即悲观情绪已经取代了原有的“进步必然”信念。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：类似担忧此前也曾出现过，人们曾对某些技术可能弊大于利表示忧虑。A. Concerns担忧、顾虑；B. Recommendations建议、推荐；C. Notices通知、公告；D. Expectations期待、预期。根据后文“In the 1970s, the gloom was caused by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage, and the prospect of nuclear disaster…”分别列举 1970 年代、1920 年代、19 世纪人们对新技术的质疑与担忧，是对本句的举例论证，因此总起句的核心是“对技术弊大于利的担忧早已有之”。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：20世纪20年代曾出现抵制汽车的运动，而汽车此前被视为解决马车带来的噪音、粪便堆积、交通拥堵和事故问题的“奇迹性”方案。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. commonplace普通的、司空见惯的；C. practical实用的；D. miraculous神奇的、奇迹般的。根据上文“The 1920s witnessed a boycott of cars”以及下文“answer to the problem of horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and dung, and caused congestion and accidents”可知，本句前后存在反差：后来汽车遭到抵制，但最初马车带来噪音、粪便、拥堵、事故等诸多问题，汽车被视为能解决所有问题的“神奇方案”。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：同样，在19世纪，工业化遭到社会主义者的批评，他们担心技术将导致熟练工人的失业。A. competition竞争；B. reform改革；C. criticism批评、批判；D. applause掌声、赞许。根据下文“who worried about the displacement of skilled workers”提到社会主义者担忧熟练工人会被技术取代，可见他们对工业化持负面、批判的态度，criticism与后文的worried 逻辑一致。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，对技术悲观主义的过度关注也容易被夸大。A. adjusted调整；B. extended延伸、扩展；C. underestimated低估；D. overdone过度的、做得过火的。根据后文“Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology, while taking its benefits for granted.”论证人们往往只关注新技术的弊端，却对其带来的益处习以为常，说明这种大范围的科技悲观情绪是“过度的、言过其实的”。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：对于屏幕使用时间的担忧，应与即时通讯以及智能手机带来的信息和娱乐便捷等更实际的好处相权衡。A. combined with与……结合；B. substituted for替代……；C. weighed against与……权衡、掂量。D. compared to把……比作。根据下文“the much more real benefits of instant communication and the easy access to information and entertainment”可知，本段核心观点是不能只盯着技术的缺点忽略优点，需要将“对屏幕时长的担忧”与“智能手机的实际益处”进行权衡、掂量。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：人们对机器人会抢走人类工作职位的恐惧，可能会促使政客对其进行征税，以抑制其使用。A. steal窃取、抢夺；B. facilitate促进、使便利；C. guide指导、引导；D. assess评估、评价。根据前文“Artificial intelligence (AI) may well threaten your job.”提到人工智能可能威胁人们的工作，此处承接“技术取代人力”的普遍担忧，steal one’s job 是地道表达，意为“抢走某人的工作”。 【33题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，从长远来看，随着劳动力老龄化和减少，希望维持生活水平的国家将需要更多的机器人，而不是更少。A. Likewise同样地；B. Furthermore此外、而且；C. However然而、但是；D. Therefore因此。根据前文“to discourage their use”说人们因担忧就业而想要限制机器人，以及下文“in the long run, countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.”指出“从长远看，老龄化的劳动力结构反而需要更多机器人”，前后为明显的转折逻辑。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：人们如何选择使用这些技术，决定了世界的走向。A. assumptions假设、假定；B. comments评论；C. choices选择；D. warnings警告。根据上文“Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill.”点明“技术本身无善恶，既可以造福也可以为祸”，因此真正塑造世界的是人们如何使用技术、做出怎样的选择。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在最好的情况下，它有助于引导社会应对创新，并制定规则和政策以防范其可能带来的灾难性后果。A. suspicious可疑的、怀疑的；B. disastrous灾难性的、极有害的；C. commercial商业的；D. illegal非法的。根据上文“and imposes rules and policies against their…”可知，社会制定规则与政策，目的是约束技术的负面影响、防范其潜在的灾难性危害，disastrous对应全文提到的各类技术弊端与风险。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. In this environment, a diligent daughter lugging a giant cello was a tiny amount of cultural capital, a ticket to belonging. As much as anything could, music made me into the person my mother needed me to be, so that she could be the person she needed to be, in order to escape who she actually was. And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance-related bonus in there. It was foolish to think that taking up the piano at the same time as my own children would be emotionally uncomplicated. Or perhaps the complication was exactly why I sought it out. Somehow, the piano lessons turn me into both my childhood self, seeking my mother’s approval, and into my mother herself, putting the same high expectations on my own children. My mother was lucky in that I was temperamentally (性情地) suited to the role she assigned me. My sons are not so much so. They are rambunctious and restless, not wired for lengthy sessions of sitting still and reflecting well on me. Unconditional love may be at the defining heart of parenthood, but sometimes it can feel impossible to accommodate unconditional love to the worldly practices of day-to-day parenting. The whole job seems set up for conditionality: It would be dishonest to pretend that we have no stake in wanting our children to reflect our own values and preferences. I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. They are maddeningly, gloriously resistant to the pressure. A secret part of me is delighted by their raging demands for full personhood — beyond my projections and hopes and fears. By the life they claim. 36. The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A. the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B. the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C. the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D. the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 37. The author’s mother think of the author’s musical industriousness as ______. A. a symbol more of family achievement than of social identity B. a way for her to fit into the British intellectual society at that time C. proof of her ability to be a qualified mother in front of her husband D. a result of her selfless cultivation more than the author’s own diligence 38. Which of the following is TRUE from the author’s perspective? A. She doesn’t care about her sons’ levels of playing musical instruments. B. She has a mixed feeling towards her sons’ reluctance to practise musical instruments. C. She feels sorrowful because her sons are unlikely skilled at playing musical instruments. D. She is still convinced that her sons could be as talented on musical instruments as she was. 39. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Can Musical Talents Really be Inherited? B. Can We Really Force Our Children to Love Music? C. Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? D. Can Playing Instruments Help Us Fit into Intellectual Society? 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线处上句“When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. (如果你是过度投入的母亲的女儿，那么没有人需要使用武力。在无言的期待和寻求认同的舞蹈中，我和妈妈是非常般配的一对。)”可知，作者主动提出学习乐器以获得母亲的认可。故选D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. (对我母亲来说，我在音乐上的勤奋与其说是成就，不如说是身份。她出生在美国，在嫁给我的大学教授父亲并搬到伦敦后，她花了10年的时间努力工作，以便被英国知识分子社会这个不耐烦、充满忧虑的世界所接受。)”可知，作者的母亲认为作者在音乐上的勤奋是她融入当时英国知识界的一种方式。故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. (当我的儿子们不能在我为他们写的剧本中扮演他们的角色时，我很失望，但在内心深处，我也有点激动。)”可知，作者对于儿子们不愿练习乐器，一方面是失望，另一方面是激动，作者的心里感受是复杂的。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance- related bonus in there. (对我来说，虽然我从来没有真正相信我母亲的爱是有条件的，但我确实怀疑其中有与表现相关的好处。)”可知，作者从自己的学习乐器的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。C项：Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? (我们真的能无条件地爱我们的孩子吗？)合乎题意。故选C。 (B) 40. Where can you find the passage? A. A magazine featuring MCA Store. B. An advertisement about events of art. C. A website of a Contemporary Art museum. D. A poster promoting various exhibitions. 41. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The store is open at 5 p.m. on Friday all year round. B. MCA is an organization supporting contemporary artists. C. Visual descriptions are regularly offered in featured project. D. Commons Artist Project will last for less than four months. 42. If a 17-year-old student and his parents want to take their Illinois friend who is a teacher to MCA on Thursday, the admission would be __________. A. $46 B. $38 C. $30 D. $ 23 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了芝加哥当代艺术博物馆官网页面，罗列当期展览、会员福利，预告多场艺术活动，公示场馆、商店营业时间及分人群门票收费与免费政策。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据图片显示的内容可知，页面包含典型的网站元素：左上角的邮件订阅入口、社交媒体导航栏、网站资助说明（This website is made possible...）、右上角的搜索按钮，同时涵盖展览、商店、会员、开放时间等完整板块，是当代艺术博物馆的官方网页。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文会员板块JOIN NOW中“Membership at the MCA isn’t simply about discounts—it's about belonging to a community that supports living artists and their work.( 在MCA成为会员，不仅仅意味着享受折扣，更意味着加入一个支持活跃艺术家及其作品的社群。 )”可知，MCA 的会员体系核心是加入支持在世艺术家及其创作的社区，而 MCA 作为当代艺术博物馆，本身就是支持当代艺术家创作与展示的文化机构，符合表述。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据门票规则内容“Suggested Admission MCA Members: FREE Adults: $15 Students and Teachers: $8 Seniors (65+): $8 FREE for members of the military and police and fire departments, veterans, and anyone 18 and under. Admission is free for Illinois residents on Tuesdays, year-round.( 建议门票价格；MCA会员：免费；成人：15美元；学生及教师：8美元；老年人（65岁以上）：8美元；军人、警察、消防部门人员、退伍军人以及18岁以下人士免费；全年每周二，伊利诺伊州居民可免费入场。)”可知，17岁学生：符合“18岁及以下人群免费”规则，费用为0。父母二人：属于成人票，每人$15，合计 $15 \times 2 = 30$ 美元。伊利诺伊州的教师朋友：仅周二对伊利诺伊居民免费，周四不享受该政策；教师票价为$8。总计费用：$0 + 30 + 8 = 38$ 美元。 (C) Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to he returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed. Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.” The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept. 43. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because . A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains B. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge C. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains 44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh. C. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed. D. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. 45. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law. B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857. C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn. C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Research time should be extended, scientists require. 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇关于考古话题的议论文。英国法律规定出土的文物要重新埋入地下，考古学家们认为这对考古工作是有害的。 【43题详解】 归纳总结题。根据文章第二段和第四段可知考古学家们认为此项法律是不合理的，对考古工作也是有破坏性的，故选C。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.虽然时间延长了，但是这些人类的遗骸还是要被重新埋起来，可知D项正确。 【45题详解】 判断推理题。由文章最后一段The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.可推出司法部还没有对法律做出明确的规定，A项说法正确。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。从文章第一段的句子：Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古学家) says. 可知法律要求出土的文物要重新被埋入地下，为此很多古代的秘密就不为人知了，故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Many Devices Are You Wearing? The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you are naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the horror of losing not just your modesty but also your pass codes. Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gesture. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years. ___47___ This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To eliminate the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what is a previously untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. “Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. ___48___ The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that correspond to binary l’s or 0’. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinations — such as pass codes for doors — on a shirt sleeve. ___49___ The team described its findings last October at a meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery. The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time’s eraser; after about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent. ___50___ But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is “very unlikely you are ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnetic hard drives” with data-storing fabric, however. A. Custom-made thread has thus been designed so that the clothes are enabled to work longer. B. For example, Google and Levi’s created a touch-sensitive jacket that can operate a smartphone. C. Turning wearables into storage devices with the new technique was a unique thing the researchers had done. D. The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. E. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices. F. They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. 【答案】47. B 48. E 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家最新创造的磁性服装，这种服装可以存储数据、自动解锁门或控制附近的智能手机等，并详细阐述了这种技术的原理、应用和潜在问题。 【47题详解】 根据空前内容“The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years.(在过去的几年里，交互式“智能服装”的概念引起了人们的关注)”可知，智能服装引起了人们的关注。选项B“例如，谷歌和李维斯发明了一种可以操作智能手机的触摸感应夹克”给出了智能服装的一个具体例子，同时引出下文“This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device.(这种智能服装和其他智能服装是由导电线制成的，通常需要附加电子设备)”对这种服装的具体介绍。故选B。 【48题详解】 根据上文内容““Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. (卡耐基梅隆大学的计算机科学家Chris Harrison说：“使用磁性而不是电性能的线似乎是一个小小的区别，但这正是这项工作有趣和令人兴奋的地方。”)”指出这种智能服装使用磁性而不是电性能的线。选项E“这项新技术使研究人员能够做一些他们认为在可穿戴设备中独一无二的事情：把它们变成存储设备”延续上文内容，指出使用磁性而不是电性能的线可以将这种衣服变成存储设备。故选E。 【49题详解】 根据上文内容“The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that correspond to binary l’s or 0’. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinations — such as pass codes for doors — on a shirt sleeve.(华盛顿大学的研究小组对一块绣有导电线的织物进行磁化，使布料的不同部分具有南北方向，对应于二进制1或0 。这一步骤允许研究人员在衬衫袖子上存储多达3300万种不同的组合，比如门的密码)”可知，研究人员可以在衬衫袖子上存储多达3300万种不同的组合。选项F“他们还发明了磁性手套，可以用手势控制附近的智能手机”延续上文内容，指出研究人员除了可以在衬衫袖子上存储多达3300万种不同的组合，还发明了磁性手套。故选F。 【50题详解】 根据上文内容“The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time’s eraser; after about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent.(这些衣物在洗涤、干燥、熨烫之后仍然保存着数据，但它们无法逃脱时间的擦除；大约一周后，线的磁场减弱了大约30%)”可知，时间久了之后，线的磁场会减弱。选项D“研究人员建议使用定制的线来保持更强的磁场可能会工作更长时间”延续上文内容，指出由于线的磁场随着时间的流逝会减弱，因此研究人员建议使用定制的线来保持更强的磁场，从而使工作时间更长。故选D。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Motivating Your Adolescent to Perform Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to be a self-starter, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). So the key lies in how parents can motivate their kids properly. To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by putting faith in the power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading their case. Persuasion, intended to appeal to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. If the adolescent is in a resistant place, this reasonable approach can be more irritating than encouraging since it communicates continuing dissatisfaction with how he is performing in life. He may reply, “Stop lecturing! You’ve told me all of this before!” This is when parents often increase extrinsic motivation by offering rewards for improved performance or vowing punishment if behavior doesn’t change. The risk here is that both rewards and punishment can be counterproductive. Rewards can be negative when perceived as threats that benefits will be denied if improvement is not forthcoming. The young person can rebel against being pushed around. And punishment, in the form of criticism or anger or sanctions, can arouse resentment that energizes more active or passive resistance. Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to themselves and be those who decide to get things done. Parents cannot reward, push, or punish an adolescent into becoming intrinsically motivated, but sometimes they can encourage self-motivation by creating a circumstance that stimulates self-interest. Then they must refrain from taking any ownership of its development. For example, after battling with teenagers over homework delay, parents had better take their kids on a visit to a college of possible interest. There, with parents getting out of the way, their kids meet with an admissions person who tells them the GPA and course work she needs to get in. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Though teens lack parents’ desired motivation, they pursue fun and avoid labor, calling for proper parental motivation. External methods including persuasion, rewards and punishment often backfire, annoying teens and triggering their resistance. Instead, parents ought to foster teenagers’ inner motivation by building situations arousing their self-interest and letting them manage their own matters independently. 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要讨论了青少年只愿享乐、逃避努力，家长常用劝说、奖惩等外部激励易引发抵触，更好的办法是营造环境激发孩子内在驱动力，让其自主规划目标。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to be a self-starter, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). ②To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by putting faith in power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading their case. Persuasion, intended to appeal to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. ③And punishment, in the form of criticism or anger or sanctions, can arouse resentment that energizes more active or passive resistance. ④Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. ⑤That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to themselves and be those who decide to get things done. 2.缜密构思将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3、4整合为两种具体策略，第5点作为结果和总结。 3.遣词造句 Although teenagers lack the motivation expected by their parents, they are more in pursuit of fun and avoid labor, so they need appropriate parental encouragement. External means such as persuasion, rewards and punishments often backfire and easily annoy teenagers, stimulating their resistance. On the contrary, parents should create situations that can stimulate teenagers' own interests and allow them to handle their own affairs independently to cultivate their internal motivation. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Though teens lack parents’ desired motivation, they pursue fun and avoid labor, calling for proper parental motivation.（运用了Though引导的让步状语从句） [高分句型2] External methods including persuasion, rewards and punishment often backfire, annoying teens and triggering their resistance.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词annoying作状语） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 缺乏配合是昨天我们比赛失利的原因吗？(blame)(汉译英) 【答案】Is lack of cooperation to blame for our losing the match yesterday? 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，动词和短语。分析句子可知，句子是一般疑问句，根据句意，用一般现在时，主语“缺乏配合” ，lack of“缺乏……”，cooperation“合作；配合”，作介词of的宾语，be to blame for“对……应负责任”作谓语，表示“是……的原因”。主语lack是不可数名词，故be动词用单数is，置句首构成一般疑问句，lose the match“输掉比赛”表示比赛失利，作介词for的宾语，用动名词形式，表示“我们比赛失利”，在动名词短语前加物主代词our，yesterday“昨天”，综上所述，故译为Is lack of cooperation to blame for our losing the match yesterday? 53. 想要在网络上时刻保持良好形象，年轻人承受着巨大压力。(intense)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Young people are under intense pressure to maintain a good image online at all times. 【解析】 【详解】表示“年轻人”译为young people；表示“承受着巨大压力”译为be under intense pressure；表示“保持”译为maintain，此处为不定式作后置定语；表示“良好形象”译为a good image；表示“在网络上”译为online；表示“时刻”译为at all times。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语people是复数，be用are。 54. 这座气势恢宏的纪念馆似乎正向公众默默讲述着战争的残酷。(account n.)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This magnificent memorial hall seems to be quietly giving the public an account of the cruelty of war. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“这座气势恢宏的纪念馆”应为名词短语This magnificent memorial hall；表示“似乎正在做某事”应为动词短语seem to be doing；表示“默默地”为副词quietly；表示“向公众讲述着战争的残酷”应为动词短语give the public an account of the cruelty of war；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。 55. 路人发现位于路口的绿地摇身一变为可以领略人文美景、探索各种惊喜的花园。(where)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Passers-by find that the green space at the intersection has been transformed into a garden where people can appreciate humanistic beauty and explore various surprises. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“路人”为名词Passers-by；表示“发现”为动词find；后接that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“路口的绿地”应为名词短语the green space at the intersection；表示“变为”应为名词短语transform into，green space和transform into为被动关系，此处为现在完成时的被动语态has been transformed into；表示“花园”为名词a garden；后接关系副词where引导的定语从句，对先行词garden的修饰，定语从句中，表示“人们”为名词people；表示“可以”为情态动词can；表示“领略人文美景”应为动词短语appreciate humanistic beauty；表示“探索各种惊喜”应为动词短语explore various surprises。结合句意可知，主句为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 内容须包含 1. 简要描述图片内容； 2. 简要分析父母陪伴孩子的时间越来越少的原因； 3. 结合自己的经历，谈谈父母多陪伴孩子对其孩子的影响。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays, it is not uncommon that parents spend little time accompanying their children, which may result from the demands of modern life and some other reasons. There are many factors accounting for this phenomenon. First, in contemporary society parents are facing more stress from living and work than before, so they have to spend most of their time making money. In addition, parents today are more easily distracted by various electronic products when keeping their children company. Take my own experience for example. Once upon a time, I got into trouble in my studies. It was my parents’ company and comfort that had a great effect on my regaining self-confidence. Plain and peaceful as it was, this experience left an unforgettable impression on me, which is of great significance to my growth. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于图片作文。要求考生就图片进行描述，分析图片所反映的现象存在的原因，并就自己的经历谈谈感想。 【详解】1.词汇积累 由……引起：result from → arise from 首先：first→ first of all/ initially 此外：in addition → what’s more/besides 重要：be of significance→ be significant/important/essential/vital 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：There are many factors accounting for this phenomenon. 拓展句：There are many factors that account for this phenomenon. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, it is not uncommon that parents spend little time accompanying their children, which may result from the demands of modern life and some other reasons.（运用了that引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】It was my parents’ company and comfort that had a great effect on my regaining self-confidence.（运用了强调句型） 【高分句型3】 Plain and peaceful as it was, this experience left an unforgettable impression on me, which is of great significance to my growth.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市控江中学2024学年第一学期高二年级英语期末试卷 (笔试满分115分，完成时间105分钟) 2025.1 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Inside the Teahouses of Chengdu You have not properly experienced Chengdu until you give up your sightseeing plans and prepare to do nothing at one of its many teahouses. Settle into a slope-backed bamboo chair and let the afternoon drift away. Listen to the slosh of hot water ____1____ (pour) into teacups, the rustle of newspapers, the clack of mahjong tiles, and a murmur of conversation. Crack melon seeds or eat boiled peanuts. Slurp tea. Let relaxation and laziness take over in the cloudy, humid embrace of a summer day in Chengdu. Sichuan has long been one of China’s major tea-producing regions. Chengdu ____2____ (become) noted for its teahouses by the Tang dynasty — as early as the ninth century. For centuries, teahouses were places for entertainment as well as tea, ___3___ performances of storytelling, music and especially the fading art of Sichuan opera taking the stage. You will find many of Chengdu’s old-school teahouses in parks. Heming Teahouse in Renmin Park buzzes with morning retirees, lunchtime office workers, and afternoon visitors, all of ____4____ sit under red lanterns by a lotus pond. When the noise gets too much, move on to Shaocheng Teahouse in the same park. Regulars are older and quieter. They bring songbirds on outings, ____5____ (hang) their cages in the branches of willow trees, and play mahjong in a pavilion covered with moss. In more recent years, however, increasingly elaborate teahouses have opened ____6____ (appeal) to the younger generation, who tend to have a taste for superior teas in a more contemporary style. The most famous one of them is Mi Xun Teahouse in Taikoo Li in the city’s ____7____ (fashionable) retail district. As in all teahouses, the tea comes in individual packets with a thermos of water. Maofeng green tea from Mount Emei, south of Chengdu, is the traditional favorite. Shake the loose leaves into your palm-sized cup. The cup usually comes with a saucer and a lid that ____8____ (function) to strain (过滤) floating leaves and to keep the tea warm. Don’t let the water level in your cup get too low ____9____ any bitterness from the tea leaves is concentrated at the bottom. You can top up your tea all afternoon without having to buy anything else. In Chengdu teahouses, people refresh ____10____ between bouts of fan-dancing or martial-arts practice. They slip sideways into a gentler time that ignores urban China’s fast-paced, never-ending hustle. The Sichuan capital is booming too, yet has managed to retain the provincial character and slower pace that has been lost in many other Chinese cities. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. put C. generation D. inadequate E. infected F. isolated G. manage H. mixing I. powerful J. recognition K. setting One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes, but this message has failed to penetrate many other areas of design, including the most forward-looking place on Earth today: Silicon Valley is still churning out new products ____11____ with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets. Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them, perhaps because 90% of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset’s default ____12____. This is not a(n) ____13____ example. Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley’s design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding — and entrepreneurs often build products to solve problems or ____14____ needs that affect them personally. Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face, and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but ____15____ all users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences. Reliance on historical data, and ____16____ data on underrepresented groups, often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法)． Tech’s design bias needs fixing for ethical, safety and business reasons. The ethical imperative is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, ____17____ it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women because they are not designed properly. But there is also a(n) ____18____ business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming. The first voice- ____19____ systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now _____20_____ just fine. “Femtech” startups, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1bn by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Pessimism VS. Progress Faster, cheaper, better-technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. As we move into the 2020s, however, ____21____ is in short supply. The new technologies ____22____ the past decade seem to mess up the things. Social media are better known for invading privacy and spreading fake news. E-commerce is ____23____ with underpaying workers and increasing inequality. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies (僵尸). ____24____, the technologies expected to dominate in the new decade also seem to be casting a dark shadow. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well threaten your job. Self-driving cars still do not work, but manage to kill people all the same. Internet giants have changed from talent ____25____ to outcasts (被排斥者). The New York Times sums up the gloom (无望). “A mood of pessimism,” it writes, has ___26___“the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.” ____27____ that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. In the 1970s, the gloom was caused by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage, and the prospect of nuclear disaster．The 1920s witnessed a boycott of cars, which had earlier been seen as a(n) ____28____ answer to the problem of horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and dung, and caused congestion and accidents. Similarly, in the 19th century industrialization was greeted with ____29____ from socialists, who worried about the displacement of skilled workers. However, a wider sense of techno-pessimism can be _____30_____. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology, while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be _____31_____ the much more real benefits of instant communication and the easy access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap.” Fears that robots will _____32_____ people’s jobs may motivate politicians to tax them, for example, to discourage their use. _____33_____, in the long run, countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer. Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the _____34_____ people make about it that shape the world. As a result, the techlash (技术抵制潮) is a necessary step in the adoption of important new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society comes to terms with innovations and imposes rules and policies against their _____35_____ potential. Healthy skepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a small group of technologists. 21. A. challenge B. optimism C. imagination D. knowledge 22. A. dominating B. spoiling C. featuring D. justifying 23. A. experimented B. charged C. loaded D. threatened 24. A. Undoubtedly B. Frustratingly C. Fortunately D. Importantly 25. A. spells B. rings C. magnets D. remedies 26. A. intensified B. mirrored C. replaced D. proved 27. A. Concerns B. Recommendations C. Notices D. Expectations 28. A. unnecessary B. commonplace C. practical D. miraculous 29. A. competition B. reform C. criticism D. applause 30. A. adjusted B. extended C. underestimated D. overdone 31. A. combined with B. substituted for C. weighed against D. compared to 32. A. steal B. facilitate C. guide D. assess 33. A. Likewise B. Furthermore C. However D. Therefore 34. A. assumptions B. comments C. choices D. warnings 35. A. suspicious B. disastrous C. commercial D. illegal Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. In this environment, a diligent daughter lugging a giant cello was a tiny amount of cultural capital, a ticket to belonging. As much as anything could, music made me into the person my mother needed me to be, so that she could be the person she needed to be, in order to escape who she actually was. And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance-related bonus in there. It was foolish to think that taking up the piano at the same time as my own children would be emotionally uncomplicated. Or perhaps the complication was exactly why I sought it out. Somehow, the piano lessons turn me into both my childhood self, seeking my mother’s approval, and into my mother herself, putting the same high expectations on my own children. My mother was lucky in that I was temperamentally (性情地) suited to the role she assigned me. My sons are not so much so. They are rambunctious and restless, not wired for lengthy sessions of sitting still and reflecting well on me. Unconditional love may be at the defining heart of parenthood, but sometimes it can feel impossible to accommodate unconditional love to the worldly practices of day-to-day parenting. The whole job seems set up for conditionality: It would be dishonest to pretend that we have no stake in wanting our children to reflect our own values and preferences. I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. They are maddeningly, gloriously resistant to the pressure. A secret part of me is delighted by their raging demands for full personhood — beyond my projections and hopes and fears. By the life they claim. 36. The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A. the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B. the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C. the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D. the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 37. The author’s mother think of the author’s musical industriousness as ______. A. a symbol more of family achievement than of social identity B. a way for her to fit into the British intellectual society at that time C. proof of her ability to be a qualified mother in front of her husband D. a result of her selfless cultivation more than the author’s own diligence 38. Which of the following is TRUE from the author’s perspective? A. She doesn’t care about her sons’ levels of playing musical instruments. B. She has a mixed feeling towards her sons’ reluctance to practise musical instruments. C. She feels sorrowful because her sons are unlikely skilled at playing musical instruments. D. She is still convinced that her sons could be as talented on musical instruments as she was. 39. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Can Musical Talents Really be Inherited? B. Can We Really Force Our Children to Love Music? C. Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? D. Can Playing Instruments Help Us Fit into Intellectual Society? (B) 40. Where can you find the passage? A. A magazine featuring MCA Store. B. An advertisement about events of art. C. A website of a Contemporary Art museum. D. A poster promoting various exhibitions. 41. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The store is open at 5 p.m. on Friday all year round. B. MCA is an organization supporting contemporary artists. C. Visual descriptions are regularly offered in featured project. D. Commons Artist Project will last for less than four months. 42. If a 17-year-old student and his parents want to take their Illinois friend who is a teacher to MCA on Thursday, the admission would be __________. A. $46 B. $38 C. $30 D. $ 23 (C) Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to he returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed. Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.” The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept. 43. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because . A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains B. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge C. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains 44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh. C. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed. D. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. 45. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law. B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857. C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn. C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Research time should be extended, scientists require. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Many Devices Are You Wearing? The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you are naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the horror of losing not just your modesty but also your pass codes. Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gesture. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years. ___47___ This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To eliminate the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what is a previously untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. “Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. ___48___ The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that correspond to binary l’s or 0’. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinations — such as pass codes for doors — on a shirt sleeve. ___49___ The team described its findings last October at a meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery. The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time’s eraser; after about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent. ___50___ But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is “very unlikely you are ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnetic hard drives” with data-storing fabric, however. A. Custom-made thread has thus been designed so that the clothes are enabled to work longer. B. For example, Google and Levi’s created a touch-sensitive jacket that can operate a smartphone. C. Turning wearables into storage devices with the new technique was a unique thing the researchers had done. D. The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. E. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices. F. They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Motivating Your Adolescent to Perform Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to be a self-starter, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). So the key lies in how parents can motivate their kids properly. To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by putting faith in the power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading their case. Persuasion, intended to appeal to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. If the adolescent is in a resistant place, this reasonable approach can be more irritating than encouraging since it communicates continuing dissatisfaction with how he is performing in life. He may reply, “Stop lecturing! You’ve told me all of this before!” This is when parents often increase extrinsic motivation by offering rewards for improved performance or vowing punishment if behavior doesn’t change. The risk here is that both rewards and punishment can be counterproductive. Rewards can be negative when perceived as threats that benefits will be denied if improvement is not forthcoming. The young person can rebel against being pushed around. And punishment, in the form of criticism or anger or sanctions, can arouse resentment that energizes more active or passive resistance. Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to themselves and be those who decide to get things done. Parents cannot reward, push, or punish an adolescent into becoming intrinsically motivated, but sometimes they can encourage self-motivation by creating a circumstance that stimulates self-interest. Then they must refrain from taking any ownership of its development. For example, after battling with teenagers over homework delay, parents had better take their kids on a visit to a college of possible interest. There, with parents getting out of the way, their kids meet with an admissions person who tells them the GPA and course work she needs to get in. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 缺乏配合是昨天我们比赛失利的原因吗？(blame)(汉译英) 53. 想要在网络上时刻保持良好形象，年轻人承受着巨大压力。(intense)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这座气势恢宏的纪念馆似乎正向公众默默讲述着战争的残酷。(account n.)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 路人发现位于路口的绿地摇身一变为可以领略人文美景、探索各种惊喜的花园。(where)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 内容须包含 1. 简要描述图片内容； 2. 简要分析父母陪伴孩子的时间越来越少的原因； 3. 结合自己的经历，谈谈父母多陪伴孩子对其孩子的影响。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $