Unit 4 Breaking boundaries It作形式主语（核心语法精练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“定义-分类-应用”为逻辑主线，系统构建It作形式主语语法体系，通过梯度化题型设计提升语言应用能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|1表格（含3大类8小类结构）|提炼“代替不定式/动名词/从句”3类核心结构公式，明确for/of区别等关键用法|从定义（避免头重脚轻）出发，按语法功能分类，通过例句具象化抽象规则| |考点夯基|单选12题+填空10题+完成句子10题+句型转换10题|针对不同结构设计专项训练，如单选考查结构识别、句型转换强化“真正主语后置”思维|从基础识别到主动转换，实现“理解-应用-迁移”能力递进| |综合提升|阅读2篇+完形1篇+语法填空1篇|在语篇中渗透语法点，如阅读含It作形式主语的主题句，提升语境运用能力|从单句到语篇，衔接语言能力与文化意识，符合高考命题趋势|

Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 核心语法精练 It作形式主语 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、单句语法填空 11 三、完成句子 12 四、句型转换 12 三、综合提升 14 一、阅读理解 14 二、完型填空 18 三、语法填空 18 It作形式主语 类别 内容 说明 例句 定义 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，为避免句子“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语后置 it无实际词义，仅起语法作用，使句子结构平衡 。 It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. 记住埃博拉病毒不分国界是很重要的。 代替不定式 It + be + 形容词 + (for/of sb) + to do sth 表语形容词说明不定式行为的性质/特点时用for；说明逻辑主语的品行/性格时用of 。 It is difficult for the elderly to find the cure. 对老人来说找到治愈方法很难。 It + be + 名词 + to do sth 名词作表语，不定式作真正主语 。 It is everyone's duty to obey the law. 遵守法律是每个人的义务。 It + be + 介词短语 + to do sth 介词短语作表语 。 It was against my principle to do that. 那样做违背我的原则。 It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth 表示“做某事花费某人多少时间” 。 It took us three years to tackle the project. 我们花了三年时间处理这个项目。 It's up to sb + to do sth 表示“做某事取决于某人/由某人决定” 。 It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助有困难的人是我们的责任。 代替动名词 It + be + no good/no use/useless/a waste of time + doing sth 常用于特定名词/形容词之后 。 It is no use asking him. 问他没有用。 It is a waste of time watching TV all day. 整天看电视是浪费时间。 代替从句 It + be + 形容词 + that从句 that从句作真正主语 It is clear that he told a lie. 很明显他说了谎。 It + be + 名词 + that从句 that从句作真正主语 It is a pity that you can't come. 你不能来真是遗憾。 It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 常用于said/reported/believed/known等词 It is believed that education is important. 人们相信教育很重要。 It + 不及物动词 + that从句 如seem/happen/occur等 It suddenly hit him that he could join the charity. 他突然想到他可以参加慈善活动。 it作形式主语 vs 形式宾语 形式主语：It + 谓语 + 真正主语 it位于句首 It is important to protect animals. 保护动物很重要。 形式宾语：主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语补足语 + 真正宾语 it位于谓语之后 We find it important to protect animals. 我们发现保护动物很重要。 一、单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．______ is important for teenagers to develop good habits. A．This B．That C．It D．What 2．______ took us three years to complete the project. A．That B．This C．It D．What 3．It is no use ______ about the result now. A．to worry B．worrying C．worried D．worry 4．______ is known to everyone that light travels faster than sound. A．It B．As C．That D．What 5．I think ______ necessary for us to learn a foreign language. A．this B．that C．it D．which 6．______ is a pity that you missed the wonderful concert. A．There B．It C．That D．This 7．It was very kind ______ you to help me with my English. A．for B．of C．to D．with 8．It is necessary ______ us to take immediate action. A．of B．for C．to D．with 9．______ up to you to decide whether to accept the offer. A．That is B．This is C．It is D．What is 10．It is no good ______ up too late every night. A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed 11．______ is said that the new policy will come into effect next month. A．That B．This C．It D．What 12．It suddenly occurred ______ me that I had left my keys at home. A．to B．for C．of D．with 二、单句语法填空 在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1．______ is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. 2．It is no use ______ (argue) with him about such a matter. 3．It is very kind ______ you to lend me your car. 4．It is difficult ______ the elderly to adapt to the new environment. 5．It ______ (take) us three months to finish the experiment last year. 6．It is a waste of time ______ (play) computer games all day. 7．______ is up to you to decide where to go for the holiday. 8．It is ______ (believe) that regular exercise is good for health. 9．It was her duty ______ (clean) the room every day. 10．______ is a pity that you can't join us for the party. 三、完成句子 根据中文意思，用it作形式主语的句型完成下列句子。 1．对我们来说，在这么短的时间内完成这项任务是困难的。 ______ in such a short time. 2．你帮我学习英语真是太好了。 ______. 3．众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。 ______ a long history. 4．每天花太多时间玩手机是浪费时间。 ______ too much time on the phone every day. 5．是否参加这次活动由你决定。 ______ in this activity. 6．花了我们整整一周的时间才找到解决问题的办法。 ______ to the problem. 7．和他争论这个问题是没有用的。 ______ about this issue. 8．真遗憾你错过了这么精彩的电影。 ______ such a wonderful film. 9．每天读英语对我们来说是很重要的。 ______ every day. 10．这个城市是否举办奥运会还有待观察。 ______ the Olympic Games. 四、句型转换 将下列句子改为用it作形式主语的句子。 1．To say goodbye is difficult for me. . 2．Playing too many computer games is a waste of time. . 3．That he is clever is obvious. . 4．To remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries is important. . 5．Not to take any chances is vital. . 6．Where he has gone is not known. . 7．Learning a theory without practice will be useless. . 8．That her hair was turning grey made her a little worried. . 9．He spent 27 years finishing the task. . 10．A young man was made manager of the team, which surprised everyone. . 一、阅读理解 A Sammie Vance is an extraordinary kid. She was just named one of People's Girls Changing the World in 2021, and she is only 12 years old. The seventh grader from Indiana is collecting bottle caps to upcycle them into benches for her school and neighborhood parks. But these benches are more than just for sitting. There are many kids in her school who have trouble in finding friends. Sammie learned about buddy benches at a camp she attended one summer. At the camp, there were benches set up when children felt lonely. They would sit down signaling to other kids that they were in need of a friend. She loved the idea and told others, “This would be really cool to have them at my school.” Then she sprang into action by initiating a meeting with her president and the Parent-Teacher Association to present her idea. Sammie used a comic strip she created showing how a simple bench could help classmates understand when one of their own needed a friend. The adults were surely impressed by her initiative but were more impressed with how she planned to make the benches. Sammie continued her efforts and expanded her project to collect more benches for other schools. She made an online page where she calls for others to follow her journey and make bottle cap donations. Today, Sammie has helped fix 200 recycled benches in schools and neighborhoods and she has no plans of stopping. She knows first-hand that a young age has no limitations to impacting the world. “I just look forward to making a difference,” she said, “and inspiring other people to make a difference.” 1．Why did Sammie want to set up buddy benches? A．She was in need of friends. B．She wanted to win recognition. C．She had to finish an assigned project. D．She intended to help kids make friends. 2．What made a deeper impression on adults? A．Sammie's comic strip. B．Sammie's strong determination. C．Sammie's plan of making benches. D．Sammie's meeting with the president. 3．Which of the following best describes Sammie? A．Demanding. B．Honest. C．Caring. D．Humorous. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．More Donations Have Come as a Help B．This Kind-hearted Girl Inspires Friendship C．A Young Girl Is Named People's Girl D．200 Buddy Benches Are Equipped in Schools B It’s a picture we often see. 5 He is trying not to fall asleep as his teacher drills the class in the body structure of a man: the heart is here; the lungs are here… The teacher then gives the class a worksheet and asks them to answer questions like which body parts go where. At the end of the period, the only way to measure whether the students have learned anything is based on this worksheet and the unit test. 6 Primary school students walk into a classroom and see a basic skeleton with models of the heart, lungs, and the stomach lying on a table in the center of the room. Students gather around in a circle, see the model organs, laugh, and begin to guess the name of each body part and its function. Through trial and error, they figure out where each model organ fits in the skeleton. The differences between these two types of classes are obvious. One has students actively involved. The other relies on direct instruction, rote learning, and remembering information for the test. 7 The other relies on students memorizing information. Which lesson will leave a lasting impression? 8 Why? Lessons should be based on students’ psychological needs and help them achieve learning outcomes. If an educator takes a child ‘s development into consideration, he or she can prepare lessons that will not only engage the student but also leave a lasting impression. Many famous educators like John Dewey have written about student-centered learning and they think highly of it. 9 Whatever the reasons are, educators are making efforts to make a change. A．Now imagine another picture. B．One is memorable for students. C．Classes should be made effective and meaningful. D．A primary school student sits at his desk and looks bored. E．But many teachers are still adopting a wait-and-see approach to it. F．Teaching methods that rely on student-centered learning are more effective. G．Students thus actively participate instead of passively receiving knowledge. 二、完形填空 C If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to stay off social media for six years, would you do it? Could you? Sivert Klefsaas did just that. “It was 10 ,” Sivert told CNN. “I thought, ‘Ah, what’s 6 more years?’” In 2016, Lorna Klefsaas 11 her 12-year-old son Sivert to stay off social media until he was 18. If he completed the challenge, she’d award him the 12 on his eighteenth birthday. On February 19, 2022, Sivert 13 his prize. Lorna was inspired by a “16 for 16” 14 , where a mother gave her daughter $1,600 when she 15 16 for keeping off social media. She decided to up the ante (赌注) to two 16 years and 200 dollars more. For Sivert it wasn’t too difficult to 17 social media, and he didn’t think about it much during the six years. As a 12- year-old boy, Sivert wasn’t using social media much 18 . The only app he had prior to (优先于) the bet was Snapchat — which he 19 a day after trying it out. There was never a time when Sivert was about to break. As it went on, it was more of a(n) 20 thing. He also had his friends to keep him 21 on the latest information or trends so as to avoid all the unnecessary drama that was on there. Lorna never had to check for any 22 downloaded apps since he’s so competitive and it was definitely more for proving a point. It also meant he had more time to focus on his 23 and sports instead. Lorna noted that they were certainly not against social media, but it’s the healthy using of it. It’s about not letting oneself get 24 by it, or addicted to it. 10．A．frustrating​ B．awful​ C．amazing​ D．awkward 11．A．dared​ B．begged​ C．promised​ D．forbade 12．A．media​ B．honor​ C．credit​ D．cash 13．A．claimed​ B．declared​ C．missed​ D．presented 14．A．exchange​ B．bet​ C．joke​ D．story 15．A．grew ​ B．turned​ C．changed​ D．passed 16．A．whole​ B．demanding​ C．peaceful​ D．extra 17．A．keep up with​ B．do away with​ C．live without​ D．get down to 18．A．therefore​ B．instead​ C．otherwise​ D．anyway 19．A．deleted​ B．downloaded​ C．developed​ D．decreased 20．A．effort​ B．pride​ C．shame​ D．fool 21．A．at an advantage B．in advance​ C．up to date​ D．out of reach 22．A．seriously​ B．purposefully​ C．secretly​ D．eagerly 23．A．network​ B．study​ C．self-respect​ D．privacy 24．A．weighed down​ B．cut down​ C．turned down​ D．slowed down 三、语法填空 D 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have just received a letter from my old school, 25 (inform) me that my former head master, Mr Stuart Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those 26 have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will 27 (send) to the headmaster’s home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his 28 (patient) and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so 29 (willingly) to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honor next Thursday. 30 is a curious coincidence(巧合)that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching 31 a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to 32 (garden). For him, this will be an 33 (entire) new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old 34 (learn). 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 核心语法精练 It作形式主语 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、单句语法填空 11 三、完成句子 12 四、句型转换 12 三、综合提升 14 一、阅读理解 14 二、完型填空 18 三、语法填空 18 It作形式主语 类别 内容 说明 例句 定义 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，为避免句子“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语后置 it无实际词义，仅起语法作用，使句子结构平衡 。 It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. 记住埃博拉病毒不分国界是很重要的。 代替不定式 It + be + 形容词 + (for/of sb) + to do sth 表语形容词说明不定式行为的性质/特点时用for；说明逻辑主语的品行/性格时用of 。 It is difficult for the elderly to find the cure. 对老人来说找到治愈方法很难。 It + be + 名词 + to do sth 名词作表语，不定式作真正主语 。 It is everyone's duty to obey the law. 遵守法律是每个人的义务。 It + be + 介词短语 + to do sth 介词短语作表语 。 It was against my principle to do that. 那样做违背我的原则。 It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth 表示“做某事花费某人多少时间” 。 It took us three years to tackle the project. 我们花了三年时间处理这个项目。 It's up to sb + to do sth 表示“做某事取决于某人/由某人决定” 。 It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助有困难的人是我们的责任。 代替动名词 It + be + no good/no use/useless/a waste of time + doing sth 常用于特定名词/形容词之后 。 It is no use asking him. 问他没有用。 It is a waste of time watching TV all day. 整天看电视是浪费时间。 代替从句 It + be + 形容词 + that从句 that从句作真正主语 It is clear that he told a lie. 很明显他说了谎。 It + be + 名词 + that从句 that从句作真正主语 It is a pity that you can't come. 你不能来真是遗憾。 It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 常用于said/reported/believed/known等词 It is believed that education is important. 人们相信教育很重要。 It + 不及物动词 + that从句 如seem/happen/occur等 It suddenly hit him that he could join the charity. 他突然想到他可以参加慈善活动。 it作形式主语 vs 形式宾语 形式主语：It + 谓语 + 真正主语 it位于句首 It is important to protect animals. 保护动物很重要。 形式宾语：主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语补足语 + 真正宾语 it位于谓语之后 We find it important to protect animals. 我们发现保护动物很重要。 一、单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．______ is important for teenagers to develop good habits. A．This B．That C．It D．What 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：对青少年来说养成好习惯很重要。句子真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to develop good habits”，为避免句子头重脚轻，用it作形式主语，放在句首。故选C项。 2．______ took us three years to complete the project. A．That B．This C．It D．What 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：完成这个项目花了我们三年的时间。句型“It takes sb some time to do sth”中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。故选C项。 3．It is no use ______ about the result now. A．to worry B．worrying C．worried D．worry 【答案】B 【解析】考查it作形式主语代替动名词。句意：现在担心结果是没有用的。在句型“It is no use doing sth”中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语。故选B项。 4．______ is known to everyone that light travels faster than sound. A．It B．As C．That D．What 【答案】A 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：众所周知，光比声音传播得快。that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，it作形式主语。句型“It is known that...”中It为形式主语。故选A项。 5．I think ______ necessary for us to learn a foreign language. A．this B．that C．it D．which 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语（干扰项：注意区分形式主语与形式宾语）。句意：我认为对我们来说学一门外语是必要的。此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to learn a foreign language”。本题虽然考查形式宾语，但有助于区分it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法。故选C项。 6．______ is a pity that you missed the wonderful concert. A．There B．It C．That D．This 【答案】B 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：你错过了那场精彩的音乐会真是遗憾。that引导的从句是真正的主语，it作形式主语，位于句首。句型“It is a pity that...”为固定句式。故选B项。 7．It was very kind ______ you to help me with my English. A．for B．of C．to D．with 【答案】B 【解析】考查“It is + adj. + of sb to do”结构。句意：你帮我学英语真是太好了。当表语形容词（kind/nice/good等）说明不定式逻辑主语的品行或性格时，介词用of。故选B项。 8．It is necessary ______ us to take immediate action. A．of B．for C．to D．with 【答案】B 【解析】考查“It is + adj. + for sb to do”结构。句意：对我们来说立即采取行动是必要的。当表语形容词（necessary/important/difficult等）说明不定式行为的性质或特点时，介词用for。故选B项。 9．______ up to you to decide whether to accept the offer. A．That is B．This is C．It is D．What is 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：是否接受这个提议由你决定。句型“It is up to sb to do sth”中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。故选C项。 10．It is no good ______ up too late every night. A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式主语代替动名词。句意：每天晚上熬夜太晚没有好处。在句型“It is no good doing sth”中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语。故选C项。 11．______ is said that the new policy will come into effect next month. A．That B．This C．It D．What 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：据说新政策将于下个月生效。句型“It is said that...”中it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。故选C项。 12．It suddenly occurred ______ me that I had left my keys at home. A．to B．for C．of D．with 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我突然想起我把钥匙落在家里了。句型“It occurs to sb that...”意为“某人突然想起……”，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故选A项。 二、单句语法填空 在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1．______ is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. 【答案】It 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：记住埃博拉病毒不分国界是很重要的。句子真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to remember that...”，用it作形式主语置于句首。 2．It is no use ______ (argue) with him about such a matter. 【答案】arguing 【解析】考查it作形式主语代替动名词。句意：就这样的事情和他争论没有用。句型“It is no use doing sth”中，it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 3．It is very kind ______ you to lend me your car. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：你把车借给我真是太好了。形容词kind说明的是逻辑主语you的品行，介词用of。 4．It is difficult ______ the elderly to adapt to the new environment. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：对老年人来说适应新环境很难。形容词difficult说明的是不定式行为的性质，介词用for。 5．It ______ (take) us three months to finish the experiment last year. 【答案】took 【解析】考查时态。句意：去年完成这个实验花了我们三个月的时间。句型“It takes sb some time to do sth”中，it作形式主语。根据“last year”可知用一般过去时。 6．It is a waste of time ______ (play) computer games all day. 【答案】playing 【解析】考查it作形式主语代替动名词。句意：整天玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。在句型“It is a waste of time doing sth”中，it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 7．______ is up to you to decide where to go for the holiday. 【答案】It 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：去哪里度假由你决定。句型“It is up to sb to do sth”中，it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。 8．It is ______ (believe) that regular exercise is good for health. 【答案】believed 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：人们相信有规律的锻炼对健康有益。句型“It is believed that...”中it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。 9．It was her duty ______ (clean) the room every day. 【答案】to clean 【解析】考查不定式作真正主语。句意：每天打扫房间是她的职责。句型“It + be + 名词 + to do sth”中，it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。 10．______ is a pity that you can't join us for the party. 【答案】It 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：你不能来参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。that引导的从句是真正的主语，it作形式主语置于句首。 三、完成句子 根据中文意思，用it作形式主语的句型完成下列句子。 1．对我们来说，在这么短的时间内完成这项任务是困难的。 ______ in such a short time. 【答案】It is difficult for us to complete the task 【解析】考查“It + be + adj. + for sb + to do sth”结构。it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。difficult说明不定式行为的性质，介词用for。 2．你帮我学习英语真是太好了。 ______. 【答案】It is very kind of you to help me with my English 【解析】考查“It + be + adj. + of sb + to do sth”结构。kind说明逻辑主语you的品行，介词用of。 3．众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。 ______ a long history. 【答案】It is known to all that China is a country with 【解析】考查“It + be + 过去分词 + that从句”结构。it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正主语。 4．每天花太多时间玩手机是浪费时间。 ______ too much time on the phone every day. 【答案】It is a waste of time spending 【解析】考查“It + be + a waste of time + doing sth”结构。it作形式主语，动名词短语作真正主语。 5．是否参加这次活动由你决定。 ______ in this activity. 【答案】It is up to you to decide whether to take part 【解析】考查“It is up to sb to do sth”结构。it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。 6．花了我们整整一周的时间才找到解决问题的办法。 ______ to the problem. 【答案】It took us a whole week to find the solution 【解析】考查“It takes sb some time to do sth”结构。it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。 7．和他争论这个问题是没有用的。 ______ about this issue. 【答案】It is no use arguing with him 【解析】考查“It is no use doing sth”结构。it作形式主语，动名词短语作真正主语。 8．真遗憾你错过了这么精彩的电影。 ______ such a wonderful film. 【答案】It is a pity that you missed 【解析】考查“It is a pity that...”结构。it作形式主语，that从句作真正主语。 9．每天读英语对我们来说是很重要的。 ______ every day. 【答案】It is important for us to read English 【解析】考查“It + be + adj. + for sb + to do sth”结构。it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。 10．这个城市是否举办奥运会还有待观察。 ______ the Olympic Games. 【答案】It remains to be seen whether the city will host 【解析】考查“It remains to be seen whether...”结构。it作形式主语，whether引导的从句作真正主语。 四、句型转换 将下列句子改为用it作形式主语的句子。 1．To say goodbye is difficult for me. 【答案】It is difficult for me to say goodbye. 【解析】将不定式短语“to say goodbye”移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 2．Playing too many computer games is a waste of time. 【答案】It is a waste of time playing too many computer games. 【解析】将动名词短语“playing too many computer games”移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 3．That he is clever is obvious. 【答案】It is obvious that he is clever. 【解析】将that从句移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 4．To remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries is important. 【答案】It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. 【解析】将不定式短语“to remember that...”移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 5．Not to take any chances is vital. 【答案】It is vital not to take any chances. 【解析】将不定式短语“not to take any chances”移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 6．Where he has gone is not known. 【答案】It is not known where he has gone. 【解析】将where引导的从句移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 7．Learning a theory without practice will be useless. 【答案】It will be useless learning a theory without practice. 【解析】将动名词短语“learning a theory without practice”移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 8．That her hair was turning grey made her a little worried. 【答案】It made her a little worried that her hair was turning grey. 【解析】将that从句移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 9．He spent 27 years finishing the task. 【答案】It took him 27 years to finish the task. 【解析】将原句转换为“It takes sb some time to do sth”结构，it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。 10．A young man was made manager of the team, which surprised everyone. 【答案】It surprised everyone that a young man was made manager of the team. 【解析】将that从句移至句末作真正主语，句首用it作形式主语。 一、阅读理解 A Sammie Vance is an extraordinary kid. She was just named one of People's Girls Changing the World in 2021, and she is only 12 years old. The seventh grader from Indiana is collecting bottle caps to upcycle them into benches for her school and neighborhood parks. But these benches are more than just for sitting. There are many kids in her school who have trouble in finding friends. Sammie learned about buddy benches at a camp she attended one summer. At the camp, there were benches set up when children felt lonely. They would sit down signaling to other kids that they were in need of a friend. She loved the idea and told others, “This would be really cool to have them at my school.” Then she sprang into action by initiating a meeting with her president and the Parent-Teacher Association to present her idea. Sammie used a comic strip she created showing how a simple bench could help classmates understand when one of their own needed a friend. The adults were surely impressed by her initiative but were more impressed with how she planned to make the benches. Sammie continued her efforts and expanded her project to collect more benches for other schools. She made an online page where she calls for others to follow her journey and make bottle cap donations. Today, Sammie has helped fix 200 recycled benches in schools and neighborhoods and she has no plans of stopping. She knows first-hand that a young age has no limitations to impacting the world. “I just look forward to making a difference,” she said, “and inspiring other people to make a difference.” 1．Why did Sammie want to set up buddy benches? A．She was in need of friends. B．She wanted to win recognition. C．She had to finish an assigned project. D．She intended to help kids make friends. 2．What made a deeper impression on adults? A．Sammie's comic strip. B．Sammie's strong determination. C．Sammie's plan of making benches. D．Sammie's meeting with the president. 3．Which of the following best describes Sammie? A．Demanding. B．Honest. C．Caring. D．Humorous. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．More Donations Have Come as a Help B．This Kind-hearted Girl Inspires Friendship C．A Young Girl Is Named People's Girl D．200 Buddy Benches Are Equipped in Schools 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了12岁的小女孩Sammie参加夏令营时受到启发，通过把瓶盖升级改造成交友椅来帮助那些需要交朋友的人。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“There are many kids in her school who have trouble in finding friends.(在她的学校里有很多孩子找不到朋友)”可知，Sammie设置交友椅的目的是帮助交友有困难的孩子们结交朋友。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The adults were surely impressed by her initiative but were more impressed with how she planned to make the benches.(大人们肯定对她的主动性印象深刻，但更深刻的是她计划如何制作长凳)”可知，大人们对她计划如何制作椅子更加印象深刻。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Sammie used a comic strip she created showing how a simple bench could help classmates understand when one of their own needed a friend. The adults were surely impressed by her initiative but were more impressed with how she planned to make the benches.( Sammie用了她创作的连漫画，展示了一张简单的长凳如何帮助同学们理解自己的同学何时需要朋友。大人们肯定对她的主动性印象深刻，但更深刻的是她计划如何制作长凳)”再综合全文可知，Sammie通过把瓶盖升级改造成交友椅来帮助那些需要交朋友的人。由此可推断，她是一个关心他人的人。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了12岁的小女孩Sammie参加夏令营时受到启发，通过把瓶盖升级改造成交友椅来帮助那些需要交朋友的人。B选项“善良的女孩激发了友谊”最符合文章标题。故选B。 B It’s a picture we often see. 5 He is trying not to fall asleep as his teacher drills the class in the body structure of a man: the heart is here; the lungs are here… The teacher then gives the class a worksheet and asks them to answer questions like which body parts go where. At the end of the period, the only way to measure whether the students have learned anything is based on this worksheet and the unit test. 6 Primary school students walk into a classroom and see a basic skeleton with models of the heart, lungs, and the stomach lying on a table in the center of the room. Students gather around in a circle, see the model organs, laugh, and begin to guess the name of each body part and its function. Through trial and error, they figure out where each model organ fits in the skeleton. The differences between these two types of classes are obvious. One has students actively involved. The other relies on direct instruction, rote learning, and remembering information for the test. 7 The other relies on students memorizing information. Which lesson will leave a lasting impression? 8 Why? Lessons should be based on students’ psychological needs and help them achieve learning outcomes. If an educator takes a child ‘s development into consideration, he or she can prepare lessons that will not only engage the student but also leave a lasting impression. Many famous educators like John Dewey have written about student-centered learning and they think highly of it. 9 Whatever the reasons are, educators are making efforts to make a change. A．Now imagine another picture. B．One is memorable for students. C．Classes should be made effective and meaningful. D．A primary school student sits at his desk and looks bored. E．But many teachers are still adopting a wait-and-see approach to it. F．Teaching methods that rely on student-centered learning are more effective. G．Students thus actively participate instead of passively receiving knowledge. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．B 8．F 9．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过两堂课的场景来说明了“以学生为中心”的教学方法。 5．根据后文“He is trying not to fall asleep as his teacher drills the class in the body structure of a man: the heart is here; the lungs are here…(当老师在课堂上讲解男人的身体结构时，他努力不让自己睡着：心在这里；肺在这里……)”可知，后文提到努力不再课堂上睡着，可见设置的情景是一个学生在上课时觉得无聊，没有听课，故D选项“一个小学生坐在他的书桌前，看起来很无聊”符合语境，故选D。 6．根据后文“Primary school students walk into a classroom and see a basic skeleton with models of the heart, lungs, and the stomach lying on a table in the center of the room. Students gather around in a circle, see the model organs, laugh, and begin to guess the name of each body part and its function. Through trial and error, they figure out where each model organ fits in the skeleton.(小学生走进教室，在教室中央的桌子上看到了心脏、肺、胃的基本骨架模型。学生们围成一圈，看到器官模型，笑了起来，开始猜测身体各个部位的名称和功能。通过反复试验，他们找到了每个模型器官在骨骼中的位置)”可知，后文描述的画面与第一段中提到的学生无心听课相反，二者存在差异，故A选项“现在想象另一幅画面”符合语境，故选A。 7．根据后文“The differences between these two types of classes are obvious. One has students actively involved. The other relies on direct instruction, rote learning, and remembering information for the test.(这两种类型的课堂之间的差异很明显。一种是让学生积极参与。另一种则依靠直接指导、死记硬背和记忆信息来应对考试)”以及后文“The other relies on students memorizing information. Which lesson will leave a lasting impression?( 另一种依赖于学生记忆信息。哪一课会给人留下深刻的印象？)”可知，本句是在比较这两堂课的差异，以及对学生的不同影响，后文提到了依赖于学生记忆信息，可见本句是在说明好的课堂让学生难忘的情况。故B选项“一个是学生难忘的”符合语境，故选B。 8．根据后文“Why? Lessons should be based on students’ psychological needs and help them achieve learning outcomes. If an educator takes a child ‘s development into consideration, he or she can prepare lessons that will not only engage the student but also leave a lasting impression.(为什么？课程应该基于学生的心理需求，帮助他们取得学习成果。如果一个教育工作者考虑到孩子的发展，他或她就可以准备不仅会吸引学生，而且会留下持久的印象的课程)”可知，后文提到课程应该基于学生的心理需求，说明教学方法应该以学生为中心。故F选项“以学生为中心的教学方法更有效”符合语境，故选F。 9．根据上文“Many famous educators like John Dewey have written about student-centered learning and they think highly of it.(许多著名的教育家，如约翰·杜威，都写过关于以学生为中心的学习，他们对它评价很高)”以及后文“Whatever the reasons are, educators are making efforts to make a change.(无论原因是什么，教育者正在努力改变)”可知，本段主要说明的是教学者对以学生为中心教学方法的运用，上文提到了对它评价很高，可推测本句与上文构成转折，指出许多教师不采取这种教学方法的情况。故E选项“但许多教师仍采取观望态度”符合语境，故选E。 二、完形填空 C If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to stay off social media for six years, would you do it? Could you? Sivert Klefsaas did just that. “It was 10 ,” Sivert told CNN. “I thought, ‘Ah, what’s 6 more years?’” In 2016, Lorna Klefsaas 11 her 12-year-old son Sivert to stay off social media until he was 18. If he completed the challenge, she’d award him the 12 on his eighteenth birthday. On February 19, 2022, Sivert 13 his prize. Lorna was inspired by a “16 for 16” 14 , where a mother gave her daughter $1,600 when she 15 16 for keeping off social media. She decided to up the ante (赌注) to two 16 years and 200 dollars more. For Sivert it wasn’t too difficult to 17 social media, and he didn’t think about it much during the six years. As a 12- year-old boy, Sivert wasn’t using social media much 18 . The only app he had prior to (优先于) the bet was Snapchat — which he 19 a day after trying it out. There was never a time when Sivert was about to break. As it went on, it was more of a(n) 20 thing. He also had his friends to keep him 21 on the latest information or trends so as to avoid all the unnecessary drama that was on there. Lorna never had to check for any 22 downloaded apps since he’s so competitive and it was definitely more for proving a point. It also meant he had more time to focus on his 23 and sports instead. Lorna noted that they were certainly not against social media, but it’s the healthy using of it. It’s about not letting oneself get 24 by it, or addicted to it. 10．A．frustrating​ B．awful​ C．amazing​ D．awkward 11．A．dared​ B．begged​ C．promised​ D．forbade 12．A．media​ B．honor​ C．credit​ D．cash 13．A．claimed​ B．declared​ C．missed​ D．presented 14．A．exchange​ B．bet​ C．joke​ D．story 15．A．grew ​ B．turned​ C．changed​ D．passed 16．A．whole​ B．demanding​ C．peaceful​ D．extra 17．A．keep up with​ B．do away with​ C．live without​ D．get down to 18．A．therefore​ B．instead​ C．otherwise​ D．anyway 19．A．deleted​ B．downloaded​ C．developed​ D．decreased 20．A．effort​ B．pride​ C．shame​ D．fool 21．A．at an advantage B．in advance​ C．up to date​ D．out of reach 22．A．seriously​ B．purposefully​ C．secretly​ D．eagerly 23．A．network​ B．study​ C．self-respect​ D．privacy 24．A．weighed down​ B．cut down​ C．turned down​ D．slowed down 【答案】 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．C 23．B 24．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了洛娜·克莱夫萨斯挑战她12岁的儿子西弗特在18岁之前远离社交媒体。如果他完成了挑战，她会在他18岁生日时奖励他现金，最终西弗特完成了挑战，得到了奖金。 【详解】10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这太神奇了，”西弗特告诉CNN。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. awful糟糕的；C. amazing惊人的，神奇的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据上文“If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to stay off social media for six years, would you do it? Could you? Sivert Klefsaas did just that.(如果有人给你1800美元，让你六年不接触社交媒体，你会照做吗？你能吗？西尔弗·克莱夫萨斯就是这么做的)”以及后文“I thought, ‘Ah, what’s 6 more years?’(我想，‘啊，6年又算什么？”)”可知，西弗特认为这是一次神奇的体验，故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，洛娜·克莱夫萨斯挑战她12岁的儿子西弗特在18岁之前远离社交媒体。A. dared挑战，敢于；B. begged恳求；C. promised承诺；D. forbade禁止。根据后文“If he completed the challenge”可知，洛娜·克莱夫萨斯挑战她12岁的儿子西弗特在18岁之前远离社交媒体。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他完成了挑战，她会在他18岁生日时奖励他现金。A. media媒体；B. honor荣誉；C. credit信用；D. cash现金。根据上文“pay you 1,800 dollars”可知，完成挑战会给现金奖励。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2022年2月19日，西尔弗特认领了奖金。A. claimed认领，宣布；B. declared宣布；C. missed错过；D. presented赠送。根据后文“his prize”指儿子完成挑战，认领（claim）了奖金。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：洛娜的灵感来自于一个“16换16”的赌注，一位母亲在女儿16岁时给了她1600美元，奖励她远离社交媒体。A. exchange交换；B. bet赌注；C. joke玩笑；D. story故事。根据后文“She decided to up the ante(她决定提高赌注)”可知，这是一个“16换16”的赌注，故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：洛娜的灵感来自于一个“16换16”的赌注，一位母亲在女儿16岁时给了她1600美元，奖励她远离社交媒体。A. grew生长；B. turned转弯；C. changed改变；D. passed通过。根据上文“16 for 16”可知，“16换16”的赌注是指在女儿16岁时给了她1600美元，奖励她远离社交媒体。turn表示“达到（一定年龄或时间）”符合语境。故选B。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她决定把赌注提高到额外两年和200美元。A. whole全部的；B. demanding费时费力的；C. peaceful和平的；D. extra额外的。根据上文“She decided to up the ante to”以及后文“years and 200 dollars more”可知，提高赌注说明要增加额外两年和200美元。故选D。 17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于西尔弗来说，没有社交媒体的生活并不太难，在这六年里，他并没有想太多。A. keep up with跟上；B. do away with废除；C. live without没有……就无法生活；D. get down to开始做。根据上文“stay off social media until he was 18”可知，赌注要求远离社交媒体，所以指没有社交媒体的生活。故选C。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为一个12岁的男孩，西尔弗不怎么使用社交媒体。A. therefore因此；B. instead反而；C. otherwise否则；D. anyway无论如何。根据上文“As a 12-year-old boy, Sivert wasn’t using social media much”以及后文“The only app he had prior to the bet was Snapchat”可知，作为一个12岁的男孩，西尔弗不怎么使用社交媒体，他唯一拥有的应用是Snapchat。故选D。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在打赌之前，他唯一拥有的应用是Snapchat——试用一天后他就删除了。A. deleted删除；B. downloaded下载；C. developed发展；D. decreased减少。根据后文“a day after trying it out”可知，他只试用了一天，说明之后就删除了这个应用。故选A。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这更多的是一种自豪感。A. effort努力；B. pride骄傲，自豪；C. shame羞愧；D. fool傻瓜。根据上文“I thought, ‘Ah, what’s 6 more years?’(我想，‘啊，6年又算什么？”)”以及后文“since he’s so competitive and it was definitely more for proving a point(因为他很有竞争力，这绝对证明了这一观点)”可知，不使用社交媒体让西弗特有了自豪感，证明了自己。故选B。 21．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他也有朋友让他了解最新的信息或趋势，以避免那里出现所有不必要的戏剧性事件。A. at an advantage处于更有利的位置；B. in advance提前；C. up to date最新的；D. out of reach够不着。根据后文“on the latest information”可知，朋友让他跟上最新的信息或趋势，故选C。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Lorna从不需要检查任何秘密下载的应用程序，因为他很有竞争力，这绝对证明了这一观点。A. seriously严肃地；B. purposefully故意地；C. secretly秘密地；D. eagerly渴望地。根据后文“since he’s so competitive and it was definitely more for proving a point”以及上文试用了一天就删除了应用，说明Lorna从不需要检查任何秘密下载的应用程序，故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也意味着他有更多的时间专注于学习和运动。A. network网络；B. study学习；C. self-respect自尊；D. privacy隐私。根据上文“It also meant he had more time to focus on his”可知，不使用社交媒体让儿子有更多的时间专注于学习和运动。故选B。 24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是关于不要让自己被它压垮，或者沉迷于它。A. weighed down压垮；B. cut down减少；C. turned down拒绝；D. slowed down减速。根据上文“Lorna noted that they were certainly not against social media, but it’s the healthy using of it.(洛娜指出，他们当然不反对社交媒体，但这是健康的使用)”以及后文“by it, or addicted to it”可知，指不被社交媒体压垮或沉迷于社交媒体。故选A。 三、语法填空 D 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have just received a letter from my old school, 25 (inform) me that my former head master, Mr Stuart Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those 26 have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will 27 (send) to the headmaster’s home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his 28 (patient) and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so 29 (willingly) to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honor next Thursday. 30 is a curious coincidence(巧合)that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching 31 a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to 32 (garden). For him, this will be an 33 (entire) new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old 34 (learn). 【答案】 25．informing 26．who 27．be sent 28．patience 29．unwillingly 30．It 31．for 32．gardening 33．entirely 34．to learn 【导语】本文是是一篇记叙文。前校长斯图尔特·佩奇先生将于下周退休， 这所学校的新老学生将送给他一份礼物来纪念这一时刻。所有人在一个相册中签名并把它送到校长的家里， 感谢他给予我们鼓励。 【详解】25．考查非谓语动词。句意：我刚刚收到母校的一封信，通知我说我以前的校长斯图亚特·佩奇先生下星期退休。逗号后面应该用非谓语动词，inform与前面的letter构成逻辑上的主谓关系， 因此用动词现在分词形式。故填informing。 26．考查定语从句。句意：所有凑钱买礼物的人将在一本大签名簿上签名，签名簿将被送到校长家里。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句。先行词是those，定语从句引导词用who。故填who。 27．考查被动语态。句意：同上。句中album与send是被动关系，同时设空处置于will之后，故使用情态动词的被动语态。故填be sent。 28．考查名词。句意：我们都将记住佩奇先生的耐心和理解，以及当我们不愿上学时他给我们的亲切鼓励。分析句子，形容词性物主代词后面应该用名词。故填patience。 29．考查副词。句意：我们都将记住佩奇先生的耐心和理解，以及当我们不愿上学时他给我们的亲切鼓励。根据语境“当我们不愿意去上学的时候， 老校长鼓励我们……”， 因此应该是willingly的反义词。故填unwillingly。 30．考查代词。句意：那是一个巧合即在佩奇退休的前一天，他将执教整整40年。分析句子，设空处缺少主语，应该使用代词。it is…that…中的it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that引导主语从句。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填It。 31．考查介词。句意：同上。前文的will have been teaching可知，设空处应该填写介词构成时间标志与将来完成进行时连用。for+一段时间，作为完成时的标志。故填for。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：他退休后将专心从事园艺工作。句中devote oneself to是固定结构， to是介词，后面应该用动词动名词作宾语。故填gardening。 33．考查副词。句意：对他来说，这将是一个全新的爱好。分析句子，修饰形容词new，应该用副词形式。故填entirely。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：正如他经常说的，学无止境。句中is为谓语动词，故设空处使用非谓语动词。never too old to learn 意为“学无止境”。故填to learn。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Breaking boundaries It作形式主语 参考答案 一、单项选择 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．C 12．A 二、单句语法填空 1．It 2．arguing 3．of 4．for 5．took 6．playing 7．It 8．believed 9．to clean 10．It 三、完成句子 1．It is difficult for us to complete the task 2．It is very kind of you to help me with my English 3．It is known to all that China is a country with 4．It is a waste of time spending 5．It is up to you to decide whether to take part 6．It took us a whole week to find the solution 7．It is no use arguing with him 8．It is a pity that you missed 9．It is important for us to read English 10．It remains to be seen whether the city will host 四、句型转换 1．It is difficult for me to say goodbye. 2．It is a waste of time playing too many computer games. 3．It is obvious that he is clever. 4．It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. 5．It is vital not to take any chances. 6．It is not known where he has gone. 7．It will be useless learning a theory without practice. 8．It made her a little worried that her hair was turning grey. 9．It took him 27 years to finish the task. 10．It surprised everyone that a young man was made manager of the team. 一、阅读理解A 1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 七选五B 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．F 9．E 二、完形填空C 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．C 23．B 24．A 三、语法填空D 25．informing 26．who 27．be sent 28．patience 29．unwillingly 30．It 31．for 32．gardening 33．entirely 34．to learn 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $