高中英语牛津上海版高中二年级第二学期It的用法精讲及提升练习（有答案）

It的用法精讲及提升练习

1、  it可指天气、温度、时间、距离等

e.g. —It is cold today, isn’t it?

 

2、  用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物

e.g. The dog is not a cold-blooded animals. It doesn’t need to hibernate.

 

3、  为避免重复，it可用来代替前面说过的短语或句子

e.g. I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible.

 (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)

 

4、  代替指示代词this，that

e.g. —What’s this?  —It’s an album.  

—Whose new bike is that? —It’s Mary’s.

【注】it与one，that的区别

     it=the(this, that)+名词，特指并且代替前面所提到的某特定事物。

   e.g. He’s bought a new car, so he drives it everywhere to show it off.

     one=a+名词，one指前面提到的同类事物中的不同的另一个。

   e.g. He needs a computer, but he can’t afford one.

     that=the+名词，that指代的名词与前面的名词属于同一类，但不属同一个。

   e.g. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.(注意：that指代population，但其后有一个of短语作定语，以区别于the population of China)

【注】it与that的异同

      it指同一事物，that指同类但并不是同一事物

   e.g. I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing. The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.

 

5、  it作形式主语

 it在句中可作形式主语，而真正作主语的主语从句需要放在句子的末尾。主语从句后置常用以下几种结构：

1）It is/was + adj. + subject-clause可用于此句型的形容词有：clear, certain, funny, good, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, possible, probable, strange, surprising, true, unusual, wonderful等

e.g. It is obvious that going for sports will do a lot of good to your health.

2）It + be + adj./n. (for sb./of sb.) + to do sth.

该句型中的形容词通常表示事物的特点或特征的，如difficult, hard, easy, impossible, necessary, important等，此时用for；或表示人的性格特征或特点的，如nice, good, bad, kind, silly, foolish, wise, clever, careless, rude, brave, cruel, careful, grateful等，这时要用of

3）It is/was + 名词词组 + subject-clause可用于该结构的名词词组有：a pity/duty, a good thing, no surprise, good news, an honor, a fact, a mystery, a shame, manners等

e.g. It’s a pity that I didn’t attend the party.

4）It is/was + V-ed + subject-clause可用于该结构的动词的过去分词有：said, reported, thought, supposed, believed, hoped, expected, known, decided, announced, arranged等

e.g. It is said that something had been done to end the pollution.(注，本句还可改写为：Something is said to have been done to end the pollution.)

5）It + vi. + subject-clause可用于该结构的动词有：appear, seem, happen, occur等

e.g. It appeared to scientists that the stars had moved.

e.g. It doesn’t matter whether he’ll join the army or not.

   It makes no difference where we have the conference.

6）一些固定句型

It takes sb. some time to do sth.

e.g. It will take you two days to get there on foot.

  It costs sb. some money to do sth.

e.g. It costs 1,000 dollars to fly to America.

  It is/was no use(useless) doing（做什么是没有用处的）

e.g. It’s no use arguing with him.

  It is/was no good doing（做什么是没有好处的）

 

7）以下句型结构中需要用虚拟语气

①    It is/was important(necessary, strange) that…; It is/was ordered(required, suggested, proposed) that…; It is/was a pity(a shame) that…表示遗憾等感情的句子中，主语从句要用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

e.g. It’s necessary that he (should) be operated on at once.

②    It is (high) time that…结构中用should+动词原形（should不能省略）或动词过去式。

e.g. It is high time that you should make(made) full use of your time to go over your lessons.

        

6、  it作形式宾语

1）动词consider（feel, find, think等）+ it + 形容词（名词）+不定式（动词-ing形式，从句）。

e.g. She thinks it no use telling me.

2）主语+appreciate（enjoy，like，love，hate）+ it + if（when）…结构

e.g. We would appreciate it if you could come to help us.

3）depend on, rely on, see to(负责/设法做到), take for granted(习以为常)等短语后跟that从句时，要以it作形式宾语。

e.g. We’re depending on it that he will finish the job by Friday.

 

7、  强调句中的it

It可以用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调

1）强调句的基本句型it is/was + 被强调成分 + that/who + 其他成分

e.g. 原句：I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.

    强调主语：It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.

    强调宾语：It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.(或It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.)

    强调地点状语：It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.

    强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.