Unit 1 Growing up（重难词汇精练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 聚焦“Growing up”主题，构建“词汇积累-词性转换-短语搭配-语境应用”的递进式训练体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |重点单词|30+核心词|中英提示默写|基础词汇输入，构建主题词库| |词性转换|8组词形变化|词形派生填空|词汇形态拓展，强化语法关联| |核心短语|14个固定搭配|短语默写|搭配积累，提升表达准确性| |单词拼写/完成句子|10+基础应用|提示性填空/汉译英|词汇基础应用，衔接语法规则| |单句语法填空|10题语境填空|词形变化/语法填空|词汇与语法结合，深化应用能力| |完形填空/语法填空|1篇语篇/1篇语法填空|语篇综合理解|语境中词汇运用，提升思维品质|

Unit 1 Growing up重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、重点单词 1 二、词性转换 1 三、核心短语 2 四、单词拼写 2 五、完成句子 6 六、单句语法填空 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、完形填空 9 二、语法填空 11 一、重点单词 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. _________________n. 正直诚实 2. _________________n. 美德 3. _________________n. 选举 4. _________________adj. 合法的 5. _________________adj. 成熟的，明白事理的 6. _________________adv. 立即，马上 7. _________________n. 童年，儿童时代 8. _________________v. 服从；遵守 9. _________________adj. 难以察觉的；微妙的 10. _________________adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 11. _________________adj. 自私的 12. _________________v. 赞成，同意 13. _________________adj. 稳定的某人提供某物）；将会 14. _________________v. 诱惑，引诱 15. _________________n. 投入，花费 16. _________________adj. 合适的 17. _________________adj. 最小的，最少的 18. _________________adj. 苦乐参半的 19. _________________v. 重视，珍视 20. _________________n. 惯例，习惯 21. _________________v. 吞下，咽下 22. _________________v. 仔细考虑，深思 23. _________________n. 杰作 24. _________________adj. 沮丧的，灰心的 25. _________________adj. 烦人的，令人厌烦的 26. _________________n. 后果 27. _________________adv. 亲密地；密切地 28. _________________n. 证据 29. _________________adj. 难忘的 30. _________________n. 纽带，关系 31. _________________n. 结论…… 二、词性转换 1.legal adj 合法的→ adj 非法的→ adv合法地→illegally adv非法地 2.mature adj成熟的 vi 成熟→ adj 不成熟的→ n 成熟→maturely adv 成熟地 3.selfish adj自私的→ adj无私的 4.approve v 赞成→ v反对→ n 赞成，同意→disapproval n 反对→ adj 赞成的→disapproving adj不赞成的 5.varied adj 各种各样的→ n多样性→ adj各种各样的→ v 变化→ adv各种各样地 6.consequence n 后果→ adj 随后的，随之发生的→ adv 因此 7.evidence n证据→ adj 明显的→ adv显然地 8.memorable adj难忘的→ n 记忆力→ adj纪念的n储物器→ adj值得纪念的 三、核心短语 1. _________________ 对……有发言权 2. _________________ 在驾驶汽车 3. _________________ 对……负责 4._________________无疑地；很可能地 5. _________________诱使某人做某事 6. _________________ 正做……的过程中 7. _________________ 思考，考虑，沉思 8. _________________ 搁置；储蓄；留存 9. _________________ 致力于；献身于 10. _________________ 一瞥；看一眼 11. _________________ 把……和……区分 12. _________________关心，从事于，担心，挂念 13._________________就在眼前；在附近 14._________________很高兴做某事 四、单词拼写 1．Students themselves need to cultivate their good v________ (美德) and qualities. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 2．The report shows the Swiss are among the world’s top w________ (工资)earners. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 3．I’ve come to the c_________(结论) that he is not the right person for the job.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 4．His parents finally a________ (赞同) of his signing an organ donation agreement. （根据中英文提示填空） 5．The company’s c___________ (承诺) to providing quality at a reasonable price has been important to its success. (根据中英文提示填空) 6．The Browns would soon be penniless and homeless if they couldn’t find s________(合适的) work. (根据中英文提示填空) 7．This new e_____(证据) will prove their innocence. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 8．He was praised for his fairness and high ________ (The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles). (根据英文提示单词拼写) 9．Only in this way can they defend their own l____________ (合法的) rights and interests. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 10．As a c________ (结果；后果), people should take part in physical activities regularly. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 五、完成句子 1．他如此生气，以至于他决定要重重地惩罚他的儿子。 He was ________angry________punish his son heavily. 2．不要责备他,  毕竟他是个新手。 Don’t blame on him; ________________ , he is a green hand. 3．下周这个时间，我将在度假，可能那时我将在沙滩上躺着。 This time next week, I’ll be on vacation, and maybe I________ on the beach then. 4．that引导的并列宾语从句 People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives, and ___________ (而且我们应该变得更加独立). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5．Please come here on time. The matter ___________ (与……有关) all of you. （根据中文提示填空） 6．As a young boy, he ________ (痴迷于) aeroplanes, riding in one for the first time at the age of 12. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 7．Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he ________ ________ ________ her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. (根据句意填空) 8．Fireworks and family gatherings help ________ ________ ________ across generations. (根据句意填空) 9．Back to his motherland, he dedicated himself to politics. （同义句转换） →Back to his motherland, he ________ himself ________ politics. 10．She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. (句型转换) _____________________, she became one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. _____________________, she became one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. 六、单句语法填空 1．We must make it clear to the public something should be done to stop pollution.(用适当的词填空) 2．The plan will be submitted to the committee for official (approve). 3．As Chinese railway technology (mature), the development of the high-speed rail system became (increase) localized, until the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao (Renaissance) (create) and rolled into production in 2017. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Do you promise to love and care each other in good times and bad, in sickness and health, for better or worse, for as long as you both shall live?  (用适当的词填空) 5．The key question in British (political) was how long the prime minister could survive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．I’m sorry but I will be occupied this afternoon. At three o’clock I (receive) some guests from Africa. （所给词的适当形式填空） 7．I won’t be able to watch the concert on TV tonight because I (do) homework at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．We're so （please）that you're able to come to the wedding. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．I’m afraid I won’t be available then. I (see)a friend off at five this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．She leads a rich and (vary) life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 一、完形填空 I stood in the front of the classroom like a specimen (标本) under examinations of 23 pairs of eyes. I began stuttering (结巴) and gave wrong answers to some questions. In the summer of 2016, I worked as an assistant teacher at a children’s day camp. Lacking in experience, I 1 to create weekly lesson plans. Kids shouted at each other in class. Sometimes, I had to pull apart kids who were 2 each other. The rare moments of silence came only after my booming calls for attention. Every day was a 3 between me and these wild little creatures. One day I suddenly 4 that I was supposed to teach them instead of being led by the nose. It was time to do something to change the 5 . I was older, more knowledgeable, and most importantly, I had more authority. The next day, I firmly 6 into the classroom and stood in the front 7 . The students studied me curiously. But I did not stutter this time. It 8 me that the class went smoothly without being disturbed for the first time. From that day on, they gradually started to pay attention. Some 9 started calling me “Ms. Amy”. Seeing a sign of respect in their wild eyes was like getting 10 for my achievements. I was finally acting as an authority figure. The respect I received also increased my self­confidence. It made me believe that I had the 11 to overcome difficulties. One month after my summer job 12 , I went back to visit the students. I saw the same kids running around in the classroom. 13 , their playful shouts were a different kind of music to my 14 now. Instead of the unpleasant sound I heard the first day, this was a 15 song that played during my march to self­confidence. 1．A．refused B．failed C．struggled D．hesitated 2．A．calling on B．fighting with C．staring at D．learning from 3．A．battle B．difference C．link D．joke 4．A．hoped B．realized C．regretted D．remembered 5．A．suggestion B．occasion C．situation D．decision 6．A．burst B．slipped C．rushed D．stepped 7．A．anxiously B．cautiously C．eagerly D．calmly 8．A．surprised B．embarrassed C．disappointed D．amused 9．A．just B．even C．ever D．still 10．A．recognition B．information C．evaluation D．discussion 11．A．chance B．right C．ability D．intention 12．A．continued B．ended C．started D．returned 13．A．Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Otherwise 14．A．heart B．eyes C．ears D．soul 15．A．popular B．complex C．strange D．unique 二、语法填空 Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance 1 （study）various living things in their natural environments. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 2 each other. At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and 3 （change）since. But Darwin began to think differently. When the ship reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, it 4 （be）the birds that interested him the most. He suspected that the different 5 （finch）had evolved from a common ancestor, 6 had arrived on the islands a long time before. It was a 7 （complete）new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. Many people refused to believe that living things, 8 （include）humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing 9 more and more people started to believe his theory. Today, the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10 （write）. $ Unit 1 Growing up重难词汇精练 参考答案 一、重点单词 1. integrity　n. 正直诚实 2. virtue　n. 美德 3. election　n. 选举 4. legal　adj. 合法的 5. mature　adj. 成熟的，明白事理的 6. instantly　adv. 立即，马上 7. childhood　n. 童年，儿童时代 8. obey　v. 服从；遵守 9. subtle　adj. 难以察觉的；微妙的 10. gradual　adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 11. selfish　adj. 自私的 12. approve　v. 赞成，同意 13. steady　adj. 稳定的 14. tempt　v. 诱惑，引诱 15. commitment　n. 投入，花费 16. suitable　adj. 合适的 17. minimum　adj. 最小的，最少的 18. bittersweet　adj. 苦乐参半的 19. cherish　v. 重视，珍视 20. routine　n. 惯例，习惯 21. swallow　v. 吞下，咽下 22. ponder　v. 仔细考虑，深思 23. masterpiece　n. 杰作 24. disheartened　adj. 沮丧的，灰心的 25. tiresome　adj. 烦人的，令人厌烦的 26. consequence　n. 后果 27. intimately　adv. 亲密地；密切地 28. evidence　n. 证据 29. memorable　adj. 难忘的 30. bond　n. 纽带，关系 31. conclusion　n. 结论 二、词性转换 1. legal → illegal；legally；illegally 2. mature → immature；maturity；maturely 3. selfish → selfless 4. approve → disapprove；approval；disapproval；approving；disapproving 5. varied → variety；various；vary；variously 6. consequence → consequent；consequently 7. evidence → evident；evidently 8. memorable → memory；memorial 三、核心短语 1. have a say on… 2. behind the wheel 3. take responsibility for 4. no doubt 5. tempt somebody to do 6. in the act of 7. ponder over 8. lay aside 9. devote oneself to 10. at a glance 11. distinguish… from… 12. be concerned with 13. close at hand 14. be pleased to do 四、单词拼写 1．virtues 2．wage 3．conclusion 4．approved 5．commitment 6．suitable 7．evidence 8．integrity 9．legal 10．consequence 五、完成句子 1．so；that he decided to 2．after all 3．will/shall be lying 4．that we should become more independent 5．is concerned with 6．was obsessed with 7．will；be；watching 8．strengthen；family；bonds 9．devoted；to 10．Devoted to practicing for ten years；Having devoted herself to practicing for ten years 六、单句语法填空 1．that 2．approval 3．matured；increasingly；was created 4．for/about 5．politics 6．will be receiving 7．will be doing/shall be doing 8．pleased 9．will be seeing 10．varied/various 一、完形填空 1．C　2．B　3．A　4．B　5．C 6．D　7．D　8．A　9．B　10．A 11．C　12．B　13．B　14．C　15．D 二、语法填空 1．to study 2．to 3．hadn’t changed 4．was 5．finches 6．which 7．completely 8．including 9．that 10．written 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 1 Growing up重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、重点单词 1 二、词性转换 1 三、核心短语 2 四、单词拼写 2 五、完成句子 6 六、单句语法填空 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、完形填空 9 二、语法填空 11 一、重点单词 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. integrity n. 正直诚实 2. virtue n. 美德 3. election n. 选举 4. legal adj. 合法的 5. mature adj. 成熟的，明白事理的 6. instantly adv. 立即，马上 7. childhood n. 童年，儿童时代 8. obey v. 服从；遵守 9. subtle adj. 难以察觉的；微妙的 10. gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 11. selfish adj. 自私的 12. approve v. 赞成，同意 13. steady adj. 稳定的某人提供某物）；将会 14. tempt v. 诱惑，引诱 15. commitment n. 投入，花费 16. suitable adj. 合适的 17. minimum adj. 最小的，最少的 18. bittersweet adj. 苦乐参半的 19. cherish v. 重视，珍视 20. routine n. 惯例，习惯 21. swallow v. 吞下，咽下 22. ponder v. 仔细考虑，深思 23. masterpiece n. 杰作 24. disheartened adj. 沮丧的，灰心的 25. tiresome adj. 烦人的，令人厌烦的 26. consequence n. 后果 27. intimately adv. 亲密地；密切地 28. evidence n. 证据 29. memorable adj. 难忘的 30. bond n. 纽带，关系 31. conclusion n. 结论 二、词性转换 1.legal adj 合法的→illegal adj 非法的→legally adv合法地→illegally adv非法地 2.mature adj成熟的 vi 成熟→immature adj 不成熟的→maturity n 成熟→maturely adv 成熟地 3.selfish adj自私的→selfless adj无私的 4.approve v 赞成→disapprove v反对→approval n 赞成，同意→disapproval n 反对→approving adj 赞成的→disapproving adj不赞成的 5.varied adj 各种各样的→variety n多样性→various adj各种各样的→vary v 变化→variously adv各种各样地 6.consequence n 后果→consequent adj 随后的，随之发生的→consequently adv 因此 7.evidence n证据→evident adj 明显的→evidently adv显然地 8.memorable adj难忘的→memory n 记忆力→memorial adj纪念的n纪念物→memorable adj值得纪念的 三、核心短语 1.have a say on… 对……有发言权 2.behind the wheel 在驾驶汽车 3.take responsibility for 对……负责 4.no doubt无疑地；很可能地 5.tempt somebody to do 诱使某人做某事 6.in the act of 正做……的过程中 7.ponder over 思考，考虑，沉思 8.lay aside搁置；储蓄；留存 9.devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 10.at a glance 一瞥；看一眼 11.distinguish… from… 把……和……区分 12.be concerned with关心，从事于，担心，挂念 13.close at hand就在眼前；在附近 14.be pleased to do 很高兴做某事 四、单词拼写 1．Students themselves need to cultivate their good v________ (美德) and qualities. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】virtues/irtues 【详解】考查名词。句意：学生本身需要培养良好的美德和品质。根据中英文提示可知，virtue美德，可数名词，此处和名词qualities并列，作宾语，应用复数形式。故填virtues。 2．The report shows the Swiss are among the world’s top w________ (工资)earners. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】wage 【详解】考查名词。句意：这份报告表明瑞士人位于世界高工资收入人员行列。根据单词首字母以及句意“工资”，可知应填名词wage，该名词修饰后面名词earners，所以它用单数形式。故填wage。 3．I’ve come to the c_________(结论) that he is not the right person for the job.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】conclusion/onclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：我已经得出了结论，他不是适合这份工作的人。根据汉语提示“结论”，以及后面的由that引导的同位语从句可知，此处需填入抽象名词，故填入conclusion。 4．His parents finally a________ (赞同) of his signing an organ donation agreement. （根据中英文提示填空） 【答案】approved/pproved 【详解】考查动词。句意：他的父母最终同义他签订一份器官捐赠协议。结合句子结构和首字母及汉语提示可知，动词approve符合题意，空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境，陈述过去的事情应用一般过去时。故填approved。 5．The company’s c___________ (承诺) to providing quality at a reasonable price has been important to its success. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】commitment/ommitment 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司保证供货质优价廉的承诺对它的成功起了决定性的作用。company’s后跟名词，作句子的主语，根据句意和首字母以及汉语提示，名词commitment符合题意。故填commitment。 6．The Browns would soon be penniless and homeless if they couldn’t find s________(合适的) work. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】suitable/uitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果找不到合适的工作，布朗一家很快就会身无分文，无家可归。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词work，应用形容词；结合汉语提示及单词首字母可知，此处表示“合适的”，应用suitable。故填suitable。 7．This new e_____(证据) will prove their innocence. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】evidence/vidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：这一新证据将证明他们是无辜的。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示，可知应填名词evidence，作主语，this提示用单数。故填evidence。 8．He was praised for his fairness and high ________ (The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles). (根据英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】integrity 【详解】句意：他因公正和极高的正直而受到赞扬。此处为形容词high修饰名词作宾语，根据英文提示“The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles(诚实且拥有强烈道德原则的品质)”可知，该词意为“正直、诚实”，对应的英语单词是integrity，且为不可数名词。 9．Only in this way can they defend their own l____________ (合法的) rights and interests. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】legal/egal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有用这种方法，他们才能维护自己的合法权益。修饰名词短语rights and interests应用形容词作定语，根据汉语和首字母可知，用legal。故填legal。 10．As a c________ (结果；后果), people should take part in physical activities regularly. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】consequence/onsequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：因此，人们应该定期参加体育活动。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“结果”以及前文As a可知，此处应用名词consequence，作介词宾语，as a consequence“结果，因此”是固定短语。故填consequence。 五、完成句子 1．他如此生气，以至于他决定要重重地惩罚他的儿子。 He was ________angry________punish his son heavily. 【答案】 so that he decided to 【详解】考查短语、固定句型、时态。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处缺“如此……以至于他决定要”，此处考查固定句型“如此……以至于……”，表达为so...that...，副词so修饰形容词angry，故第一空应填so。that引导结果状语从句，陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，“决定要……”表达为动词短语decide to do，作从句的谓语动词，应用过去式，第二空应填that he decided to。故填：①so；②that he decided to。 2．不要责备他,  毕竟他是个新手。 Don’t blame on him; ________________ , he is a green hand. 【答案】after all 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语翻译可知，空处需填“毕竟”的英语表达，短语after all表示“毕竟”，符合句意。故填after all。 3．下周这个时间，我将在度假，可能那时我将在沙滩上躺着。 This time next week, I’ll be on vacation, and maybe I________ on the beach then. 【答案】will/shall be lying 【详解】考查将来进行时。根据汉语意思，横线上缺少“将在躺着”的意思。根据时态分析，“将在躺着”是将来进行时，将来进行时的结构是will/shall be doing，表示“躺着”用lie的现在分词lying。故填will/shall be lying。 4．that引导的并列宾语从句 People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives, and ___________ (而且我们应该变得更加独立). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】that we should become more independent 【详解】句意：人们说十八岁开启了我们人生的新篇章，而且我们应该变得更加独立。根据汉语提示以及that引导的并列宾语从句用法可知，第二个宾语从句引导词that不可省略，表示“我们”为we作主语，表示“应该变得”为should become作谓语，表示“更加独立”为more independent。 5．Please come here on time. The matter ___________ (与……有关) all of you. （根据中文提示填空） 【答案】is concerned with 【详解】考查固定短语及时态。句意：根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处是固定短语be concerned with；句子描述的是目前的情况，应使用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is concerned with。 6．As a young boy, he ________ (痴迷于) aeroplanes, riding in one for the first time at the age of 12. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】was obsessed with 【详解】考查时态。句意：小时候，他就对飞机着迷，12岁时第一次坐飞机。根据提示的汉语，表示“痴迷于”应为be obsessed with，根据时间状语as a young boy可知，此处应使用一般过去时，且句子主语he为第三人称单数。故填was obsessed with。 7．Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he ________ ________ ________ her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. (根据句意填空) 【答案】 will be watching 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：哈特先生已经训练他的女儿很多年了。明天他将焦急地注视着她游过这段漫长的距离到达英国。结合句意，表达“注视”用动词watch，根据tomorrow和语境可知，此处陈述将来某段时间持续发生的动作，用将来进行时will be doing。故填will；be；watching。 8．Fireworks and family gatherings help ________ ________ ________ across generations. (根据句意填空) 【答案】 strengthen family bonds 【详解】句意：烟花和家庭聚会有助于加强不同世代之间的家庭纽带。根据句意，“加强家庭纽带”可译为strengthen family bonds，且“help do sth”是固定搭配，用不带to的不定式作宾语。 9．Back to his motherland, he dedicated himself to politics. （同义句转换） →Back to his motherland, he ________ himself ________ politics. 【答案】 devoted to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：回到祖国后，他献身于政治。dedicate oneself to可用devote oneself to替换，且为一般过去时。故填①devoted；②to。 10．She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. (句型转换) _____________________, she became one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. _____________________, she became one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. 【答案】 Devoted to practicing for ten years Having devoted herself to practicing for ten years 【详解】考查固定表达和非谓语动词。句意：她全身心投身练习长达十年，最终成为世界上最优秀的长距离游泳选手之一。本题要将画线部分devoted herself to practicing for ten years变成同义结构，用在句首作状语。devote oneself to doing结构，表示“全身心投身做某事”，可以与be devoted to doing互换使用（devoted是形容词），该短语用在句首作状语，要去掉be，devoted的首字母应大写。故第一空填Devoted to practicing for ten years。画线部分还可以变成现在分词结构作状语，是由主句主语she发出的动作，表示主动，for ten years是for+时间段结构，强调该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用现在分词完成主动式having+过去分词，having的首字母应大写，devote过去分词都是devoted，因此Having之后直接用devoted herself to practicing for ten years。故第二空填Having devoted herself to practicing for ten years。 六、单句语法填空 1．We must make it clear to the public something should be done to stop pollution.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们必须向公众明确表示，应该采取措施阻止污染。分析句子可知，本句中it为形式宾语，而something should be done to stop pollution为宾语从句作逻辑宾语，从句句意完成且不缺成份，所以应用that引导。故填that。 2．The plan will be submitted to the committee for official (approve). 【答案】approval 【详解】考查名词。句意：因为官方批准这个计划将提交委员会。approval批准，认可。形容词后面应跟名词形式去修饰这个名词，approval为可数名词，但这里特指官方的批准。故填approval。 3．As Chinese railway technology (mature), the development of the high-speed rail system became (increase) localized, until the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao (Renaissance) (create) and rolled into production in 2017. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 matured increasingly was created 【详解】考查副词、时态和语态。句意：随着中国铁路技术的成熟，高铁系统的发展越来越本土化，直到2017年，全中国的复兴号被创造出来并投入生产。第一个空格：根据后文became可知，mature使用一般过去时，则填matured；第二个空格：修饰形容词localized应用副词作状语，则填increasingly；第三个空格：主语“the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao(单数意义)”与谓语动词create构成被动关系，根据后文的“in 2017”可知，create使用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数，则填was created。故填①matured ②increasingly ③was created。 4．Do you promise to love and care each other in good times and bad, in sickness and health, for better or worse, for as long as you both shall live?  (用适当的词填空) 【答案】for/about 【详解】考查介词。句意：你们愿意承诺在你们的有生之年，无论顺境或逆境、疾病或健康、好或坏，都爱彼此、关心彼此吗？根据句意可知，空格处需填“照顾”。care for (照顾、关心、喜欢)/care about (关心、在意)，故填for/about。 5．The key question in British (political) was how long the prime minister could survive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】politics 【详解】考查名词。句意：英国政治的关键问题是首相能活多久。根据空格前的形容词British可知，空格处应填名词作介词in的宾语，根据句意“政治”是politics，为不可数名词。故填politics。 6．I’m sorry but I will be occupied this afternoon. At three o’clock I (receive) some guests from Africa. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will be receiving 【详解】考查时态。句意：抱歉我今天下午会比较忙。3点我将正在接待来自非洲的贵宾。结合上文语境和时间状语“At three o’clock”可知，此处描述将来某个时间点正在发生的动作，应用将来进行时。故填will be receiving。 7．I won’t be able to watch the concert on TV tonight because I (do) homework at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 will be doing/shall be doing 【详解】考查谓语的时态。句意：今晚我不能在电视上看音乐会了，因为那时我正在做作业。because引导的时间状语从句缺谓语，且根据主句的谓语won’t be able to及语意可知，从句使用将来进行时，表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作。故填will be doing或shall be doing。 8．We're so （please）that you're able to come to the wedding. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】pleased 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们很高兴你能来参加婚礼。分析句子结构，该空作be动词后的表语，用形容词，v+ed形式的形容词修饰人，而v+ing形式的形容词修饰物，这里描述人的感受，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填pleased。 9．I’m afraid I won’t be available then. I (see)a friend off at five this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be seeing 【详解】考查时态。句意：恐怕我没空。今天下午五点我要给一位朋友送行。由this afternoon可知，句子表将来，且表示今天下午某个时刻我要给一位朋友送行，表示将来某个时间正在做的事情用将来进行时，即will be doing，故填will be seeing。 10．She leads a rich and (vary) life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】varied/various 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她过着丰富多彩的生活。修饰后文名词life应用形容词varied或various。故填varied/various。 一、完形填空 I stood in the front of the classroom like a specimen (标本) under examinations of 23 pairs of eyes. I began stuttering (结巴) and gave wrong answers to some questions. In the summer of 2016, I worked as an assistant teacher at a children’s day camp. Lacking in experience, I 1 to create weekly lesson plans. Kids shouted at each other in class. Sometimes, I had to pull apart kids who were 2 each other. The rare moments of silence came only after my booming calls for attention. Every day was a 3 between me and these wild little creatures. One day I suddenly 4 that I was supposed to teach them instead of being led by the nose. It was time to do something to change the 5 . I was older, more knowledgeable, and most importantly, I had more authority. The next day, I firmly 6 into the classroom and stood in the front 7 . The students studied me curiously. But I did not stutter this time. It 8 me that the class went smoothly without being disturbed for the first time. From that day on, they gradually started to pay attention. Some 9 started calling me “Ms. Amy”. Seeing a sign of respect in their wild eyes was like getting 10 for my achievements. I was finally acting as an authority figure. The respect I received also increased my self­confidence. It made me believe that I had the 11 to overcome difficulties. One month after my summer job 12 , I went back to visit the students. I saw the same kids running around in the classroom. 13 , their playful shouts were a different kind of music to my 14 now. Instead of the unpleasant sound I heard the first day, this was a 15 song that played during my march to self­confidence. 1．A．refused B．failed C．struggled D．hesitated 2．A．calling on B．fighting with C．staring at D．learning from 3．A．battle B．difference C．link D．joke 4．A．hoped B．realized C．regretted D．remembered 5．A．suggestion B．occasion C．situation D．decision 6．A．burst B．slipped C．rushed D．stepped 7．A．anxiously B．cautiously C．eagerly D．calmly 8．A．surprised B．embarrassed C．disappointed D．amused 9．A．just B．even C．ever D．still 10．A．recognition B．information C．evaluation D．discussion 11．A．chance B．right C．ability D．intention 12．A．continued B．ended C．started D．returned 13．A．Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Otherwise 14．A．heart B．eyes C．ears D．soul 15．A．popular B．complex C．strange D．unique 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者2016年夏天作为助教在夏令营当老师，但是没有经验的他不能让孩子们信服，之后他就开始改变，在孩子们中间树立了威严，并且受到了孩子们的尊重。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于缺乏经验，我很难制定每周的课程计划。A. refused拒绝；B. failed失败；C. struggled挣扎；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“Lacking in experience”可知，作者在这方面没有经验，所以做起来很困难。故选C。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时，我不得不拆散那些互相打架的孩子。A. calling on号召；B. fighting with和……斗争；C. staring at注视；D. learning from从……学习。根据上文“Kids shouted at each other in class.”可知，孩子们在课堂上互相大喊大叫，所以最后可能会打架，所以他拉开的应该是在打架的孩子。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天都是我和这些野生小动物之间的战斗。A. battle战争；B. difference不同；C. link联系；D. joke玩笑。根据上文“Kids shouted at each other in class. Sometimes, I had to pull apart kids who were 　　2　　 each other. The rare moments of silence came only after my booming calls for attention.”可知，孩子们不好管理，作者又没有经验，所以他们之间天天就像是打仗一样。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我突然意识到我应该教他们，而不是被牵着鼻子走。A. hoped希望；B. realized意识到；C. regretted后悔；D. remembered记得。根据下文“that I was supposed to teach them instead of being led by the nose.”可知，这是作者意识到的内容。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是时候做点什么来改变这种局面了。A. suggestion建议；B. occasion情况；C. situation状况；D. decision决定。根据上文“One day I suddenly 　　4　　 that I was supposed to teach them instead of being led by the nose.”可知，作者意识到他不应该被孩子们牵着鼻子走，所以要改变这种状况。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我坚定地走进教室，平静地站在最前面。A. burst突然；B. slipped滑；C. rushed冲；D. stepped迈步。根据上文“It was time to do something to change the 　　5　　. I was older, more knowledgeable, and most importantly, I had more authority.”和下文“into the classroom”可知，这个时候，作者应该是要严肃地稳步进教室，才能显示出他的威严。故选D。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. anxiously紧张地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. eagerly急迫地；D. calmly冷静地。根据下文“But I did not stutter this time. It 　　8　　 me that the class went smoothly without being disturbed for the first time.”可知，作者应该是严肃冷静地站在讲台上。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这节课第一次没有受到干扰，进展顺利。A. surprised吃惊的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. disappointed失望的；D. amused高兴的。根据下文“the class went smoothly without being disturbed for the first time”可知，课堂第一次进展顺利，所以作者应该是很吃惊。故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人甚至开始叫我“艾米女士”。A. just仅仅；B. even甚至；C. ever曾经；D. still仍然。根据上文“From that day on, they gradually started to pay attention.”和下文“started calling me “Ms. Amy”.”可知，上下文是递进关系，凸显出学生们的改变和进步。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从他们狂野的眼神中看到尊重的表情，就像是我的成就得到了认可。A. recognition认可；B. information信息；C. evaluation评估；D. discussion讨论。根据上文“a sign of respect in their wild eyes”可知，孩子们的眼中有尊重，所以作者觉得他得到了学生们的认可。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让我相信我有能力克服困难。A. chance机会；B. right权利；C. ability能力；D. intention打算。根据上文“The respect I received also increased my self­confidence.”可知，孩子们对作者的尊重让他有了自信，觉得他可以有能力管理好班级。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：暑假工作结束一个月后，我回去看望学生们。A. continued继续；B. ended结束；C. started开始；D. returned回来。根据下文“I went back to visit the students”可知，作者在暑假工作结束后离开了。故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们顽皮的叫喊声现在对我来说已经是另一种音乐了。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Otherwise否则。根据下文“Instead of the unpleasant sound I heard the first day, this was a 　　15　　 song that played during my march to self­confidence.”可知，作者再一次回到这里的时候心境已经不一样了，所以他不觉得孩子们的打闹是噪音了，所以上下文是转折关系。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第13题详解。A. heart心脏；B. eyes眼睛；C. ears耳朵；D. soul心灵。根据下文“Instead of the unpleasant sound I heard the first day, this was a 　　15　　 song that played during my march to self­confidence.”可知，作者觉得孩子们的嬉戏打闹是悦耳的音乐。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与第一天听到的不愉快的声音不同，这是一首在我走向自信的过程中播放的独特歌曲。A. popular受欢迎的；B. complex复杂的；C. strange奇怪的；D. unique独特的。根据上文“Instead of the unpleasant sound I heard the first day”可知，作者觉得孩子们的声音对他来说应该是很独特的存在。故选D。 二、语法填空 Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance 1 （study）various living things in their natural environments. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 2 each other. At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and 3 （change）since. But Darwin began to think differently. When the ship reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, it 4 （be）the birds that interested him the most. He suspected that the different 5 （finch）had evolved from a common ancestor, 6 had arrived on the islands a long time before. It was a 7 （complete）new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. Many people refused to believe that living things, 8 （include）humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing 9 more and more people started to believe his theory. Today, the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10 （write）. 【答案】 1．to study 2．to 3．hadn’t changed 4．was 5．finches 6．which 7．completely 8．including 9．that 10．written 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了达尔文创作《物种起源》的经历和过程。 【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：这次旅行让他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。句中gave为谓语动词，设空处使用动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰chance。故填to study。 2．考查介词。句意：他注意到有些种类的动物彼此非常相似。此处为be similar to结构，意为“和……类似”。故填to。 3．考查时态。句意：那时，人们认为所有的物种同时出现在地球上并且此后没有变过。根据had appeared和since判断用过去完成时的否定形式。故填hadn’t changed。 4．考查时态和强调句型。句意：当船在1835年到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，他对鸟类最感兴趣。此处为强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。根据前后文可知为一般过去时态。故填was。 5．考查名词复数。句意：他怀疑不同的雀类是由一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先在很久以前就来到了岛上。由空前the different可知用名词复数。故填finches。 6．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a common ancestor，指物，并在从句中作主语，故填which。 7．考查副词。句意：这是一个全新的想法——进化论。此处用副词修饰形容词new。故填completely。 8．考查介词。句意：许多人不相信包括人类在内的生物是从较低级的生命形式进化而来的。根据句子结构，设空处使用介词短语作状语。此处including意为“包括……在内”。符合句意。故填including。 9．考查状语从句。句意：但是达尔文的科学研究非常有说服力，越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。设空处填写的是状语从句的引导词。根据句意，此处so…that…的结构意为“如此…以至于…”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，这本书被认为是有史以来最重要的作品之一。is谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意此处为过去分词作后置定语，works与write之间为被动关系。故填written。 $