内容正文:
专题02 介词及介词短语
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 基础介词分类与语义
知识解构 知识点 1 时间介词辨析 知识点 2 地点 / 方位介词辨析 知识点 3 方式 / 原因 / 逻辑介词
考向破译 考向 1 语境语义选词填空 考向 2 易混介词 (across/through 等) 区分
考点二 介词短语分类
知识解构 知识点 1 介词 + 名词固定短语 知识点 2 复合介词 (because of/regarding 等) 知识点 3 双重介词
考向破译 考向 1 短语辨析语法填空 考向 2 介词短语翻译应用
考点三 动词 + 介词搭配
知识解构 知识点 1 动词 + up/on/out 等短语 知识点 2 高频同根短语辨析 知识点 3 固定搭配 (be responsible for 等)
考向破译 考向 1 固定搭配填空 考向 2 动词短语在翻译中运用
考点四 介词特殊用法
知识解构 知识点 1 分词介词 知识点 2 形容词转化介词 知识点 3 介词复合结构
考向破译 考向 1 长难句介词结构分析 考向 2 特殊介词语境判断
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
考点要求
考查形式
近年考题
(1)考查常见介词的基本语义和用法;
(2)考查介词与动词的固定搭配;
(3)在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对介词及介词短语的理解和运用。
语法填空题
句子翻译题
【2023年上海高考】Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and, ______ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications, advice and encouragement.
【答案】 at
【解析】考查介词(at the expense...),构成介词短语"at its own expense",表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
【2022年上海高考】.... ______an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others.
【答案】As
【解析】考查介词,此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”,后面是个完整的句子,an entrepreneur 为名词。结合语境,此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”,故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家,你既是自己的管理者,也是他人的管理者。
考情分析:
高考命题不局限于考查单个介词,而是更加注重对介词基本用法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。
必考点:
1. 介词的基本意思和用法;
2. 介词和其它词类搭配搭配;
复习目标:
1. 熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法;
2. 掌握介词与其他词类所构成的一些固定短语;
3. 强化在复杂语境中介词及其相关短语的运用
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 名词的数
知●识●解●构
知识点1 常用介词
一、 表示“时间”的介词
1. at, on, in
(1) at表示“在某一时刻,某一时点”。如:
☞I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。
注:at daybreak在黎明 at noon在中午
at night在夜间 at Christmas在圣诞节期间
at the age of five在五岁时
(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:
☞I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。
☞We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。
(3) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如:
in the 20th century在20世纪 in 1999在1999年
in winter在冬季 in September在九月
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
【巧学妙记】
at用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连,黎明、终止和开端,at与之紧接着相伴。
周月季年长时间,in须放在其前面, 泛指一晌和傍晚,也要放在in后边。
on指特定某一天,日期、星期和节日前 某天上下和夜晚,依然要在on后站。
今明昨天前后天,上下这那每之前,at、in、on都不用,此乃习惯记心间。
注:“上下这那每之前”是指“last/next/this/that/every”之前。
2. for, during, through
(1) for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。如:
☞She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
(2) during表示“在……期间”。如:
☞I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(3) through表示“一直……,自始至终”。如:
☞They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3. from, since
(1) from表示“时间的起点”,可译作“从……”,多用于“from…to/till…”中。如:
☞You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
(2) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”。如:
☞We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。
注意:
for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如:
for two hours(持续)两小时 since last week从上周直到现在
4. before, by, till, until
(1) before指“在……之前”,与after相对。如:
☞Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。
(2) by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”。如:
☞We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
☞We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.
到本学期结束前,我们将学了两千英语单词了。
注:by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。
(3) till (until) “直到……为止”。 在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
☞I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。
☞You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。
5. after, in, within
(1) in和after都可表示“在……之后”,但用法不同:
a. 用in时要具备两个条件:用于将来时;后接时间段
☞I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。
b. after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时
☞He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症,一年后去世了。
☞The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
(2) within“在……时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间,没有时态的限制。如:
☞I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。
二、 表示“地点、方位”的介词
1. at, on, to, in
at表示在小地方; 在……附近,旁边
in 表示 在大地方; 在……围之内
on 表示毗邻,接壤
to 表示在„„范围外,不强调是否接壤
☞He arrived at the station at ten.
☞He is sitting at the desk.
☞He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
☞Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
☞Russia live on the north of China.
☞Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2. above, over, on
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触;
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
☞The bird is flying above my head.
☞There is a bridge over the river.
☞He put his watch on the desk.
3. along, through, across
(1) across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”,前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念。如:
☞He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。
☞He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。
有时 across 表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行,但此时它仍与through 有差别:前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端,而后者表示穿过两端。如:
☞He walked across the hall. 他从大厅的一端走到另一端。
☞He walked through the hall. 他穿过大厅。
(2)along 表示“沿着”,通常用于狭长的东西。如:
☞I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。
4. between, among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中,或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在……中间”。如:
☞Between the door and the windows there is a map. 门和窗户的中间有一张地图。
☞They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。
三、其他介词
1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on
(1)by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by bus乘公共汽车,
by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:
☞I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
(2)with表示“用某种工具”。如:
☞He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
(3)on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
☞They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
☞She learns English on the radio/on tv. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on
(1) of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:
☞He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。
(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
☞Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
(3)on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
☞It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
(1)for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
☞I am sorry for what i said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
☞He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
☞He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
(4) of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
☞The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:
☞Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
☞Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
☞She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
(7)because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
☞He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
知识点2 介词短语
常见的介词搭配:
1. “介词+ 名词”型
(1) in 构成的短语
in advance 在前头,事先,预先 in case 如果,万一
in charge主管,掌管,看管 in common共有,共同,公有
in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的,难以确定的
in effect实际上,生效 in fact事实上
in order按序,井然有序,情况良好; 恰当 in progress进行中
in return作为回报 in vain徒劳
in turn依次,替换地;相应地,转而
(2) on构成的短语
on guard 在值勤 on leave在休假
on holiday在度假 on strike罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the move在移动,搬迁;离开 on the march在行军
on the go正在活动,正在奔走 on the air正在广播
(3) beyond构成的短语
beyond one's power是某人力所不及的 beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach够不着 beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑
beyond one's understanding 无法理解
(4) under构成的短语
under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中
under test在测试中 under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中
(5) at 构成的短语
at length 详细地,长时间 at sea茫然
at will任意地 at work在上班
at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息
at table在吃饭 at school上学
at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态
(6) out of 构成的短语
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时 out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制 out of business破产
out of style过时,不时髦 out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系
2. 复杂介词型
(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于,因为”。
because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系);
on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exception of= except, except for“除……之外”;
apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示“除……之外”,相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外,(还,也)”,相当于besides;
in addition to“除……之外(还,也)”,相当于besides。
(3) 表示“有关,关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于,就……而论,在……方面”;
with respect to“关于,就……而言”;
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead of=in advance of,可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早”, 还可表示“领先,优于”;
in front of 多指空间的前后关系,“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持,赞成”。
in support of 维护,支持,支援;
in favor of 可指某人“支持,赞成”,也可指事物“有利于……”
(6) 表示“鉴于,由于;根据,按照”。
in the light of 按照,考虑到 in terms of 就……而言,谈到
according to 根据;按照 in view of 鉴于,因为
(7) 表示“尽管”。
in spite of 尽管,不管
知识点3 动词短语中的介词
一、动词搭配是语法填空的重点,考生平时要注意积累常见的动词短语。
1.动词+ away构成的短语动词有:
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
2.动词+ for构成的短语动词有:
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算,为……计划hope for希望,期待 ask for索取,寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还,赔偿
3.动词+on构成的短语动词有:
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车)
4.动词+over构成的短语动词有:
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5.动词+ up构成的短语动词有:
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把……调高一点
6.动词+out构成的短语动词有:
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 carry out实行,执行 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发,动身。
二、常见同根动词短语辨析
1.bring
bring in引进,挣得 bring about引起,导致
bring up养育,培养,呕吐,提出 bring out使展现,推出(书等)
bring down降低,使倒下 bring back把……带回来,使忆起
bring forth结果,生产,产生 bring forward提出,提前
bring off圆满完成(困难之事)
2.break
break down崩溃,瓦解,垮掉,失败,分解 break up打碎,分解,分开,结束,制止
break through逾越,突破,冲破 break away(from)挣脱,脱离
break out爆发 break in破门而入
break into进入建筑物以便行窃,突然发出,打扰 break off折断,中断
3.come
come about发生 come out结果出来,出版,开花
come across偶遇,被理解 come true变为现实
come up走上前,被提出,走近 come along一起来
come up with产生,发现(解决办法等)
4.give
give up放弃 give in屈服,呈交
give out 用尽,耗尽,分发,公布,发表
give off发出 give away颁发,赠送,送掉,捐赠
5.go
go against违背,与……不符,对……不利 go without勉强维持,凑合
go in for爱好,参加,从事 go by过去,依据,按照
go on继续,发生 go over复习,仔细审查,走近
go ahead 进行 go through 从头到尾地阅读,经历
go away走开,外出度假,消失 go for去取来或接来,争取得到
6.keep
keep away(from)使远离 keep back 扣除,保留,隐瞒不讲
keep off 避开 keep on继续
keep out 挡在外边,请勿靠近 keep up保持,不低落,持续,继续
keep up with跟上 keep down抑制(以防其增长)
7.look
look ahead向前看 look about环顾
look back回忆,回顾 look out当心,找出
look up向上看,查阅,看望 look down upon看不起
look through翻阅 look into调查,向内看
look after照看,负责处理 look on旁观
look forward to盼望 look round寻找,边走边看,观光
8.put
put back放回原处,拨回,阻碍,推迟 put down平定,镇压,记下
put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处,储蓄 put forward提出(计划、建议),拨快,提前
put off延期 put on穿戴,上映
put out扑灭,生产 put up举起,张贴
9.take
take in吸收 take for 误认为
take out 拿出 take down 放下
take up从事,拿起,占据 take off 飞机起飞,脱下,休假,成功
take by攻占 take after像
take along 随身携带 take away带走,拿走,使离去
take back 收回,退回(所购商品) take charge 负责,掌管
take on呈现,雇佣 take out拿出,带……出去
take over 接管,接任
10.turn
turn back折回,掉转头 turn away转身,走开,打发走 turn out结果是,赶出,生产,制造
turn down 拒绝,调小 turn off 关掉 turn over翻过来,移交
turn in上交(作业等),拐入 turn into变成,翻译 turn on打开,取决于
turn to求助于,翻到 turn up调大,出现
考●向●破●译
考向1 考查各类介词基本用法
1.“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion cultural heritage preservation,” said Song.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意:希望我能对激励更多的年轻人在文化遗产保护中找到他们毕生的激情有所帮助。此处表示“在……中”,应用介词in。故填in。
2. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ______ other flowers in Tokyo.
【答案】among
【解析】考查介词。句意:一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花。由“other flowers in Tokyo”可知,句子表示“一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花”,空格处意为“在……中”,用介词among。
3. According to Dr James Giordano, a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center, our brains process information and turn it into memories by receiving it _______ our senses, encoding it and storing it — much like a computer.
【答案】through
【解析】考查介词。句意:乔治敦大学医学中心教授James Giordano博士表示,我们的大脑处理信息,并通过感官接收信息,将其编码并存储,这就像一台计算机。结合句意可知,此处指“通过感官接收信息”,应用介词through。故填through。
4. "You can't even put up your tent, which is your only shelter, ______ putting on huge gloves, otherwise you'll get a frostbite. Putting up a tent in oven gloves isn't easy."
【答案】without
【解析】考查介词。句意:不戴上巨大的手套,你甚至不能搭建起帐篷,帐篷是你唯一的遮蔽物。分析句子可知,这里指否定,应用介词without。故填without。
5.There is no better place to get delicious, filling, fun and glorious food in one of the many wet markets in Shanghai. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】than
【详解】考查介词。句意:在上海众多的湿货市场中,没有比这更好的地方可以买到美味、饱腹、有趣和美味的食物了。根据空前的There is no better place和句意可知,此处使用介词than“(用以引出比较的第二部分)比”。故填than。
6. the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity (严重性) of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime.
【答案】Despite
【详解】考查介词。句意:尽管更持久的材料会更长时间地破坏环境和动物,但我们不能只通过垃圾的寿命来衡量其严重程度。结合句意表示“尽管”为固定句型despite the fact that,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。
7.Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】beyond
【详解】考查介词。句意:在他们听说她的感人的故事之后,每个人都被感动得难以言表。空格处在句中充当程度状语,beyond words为固定短语,意为“难以言表”。故填beyond。
8. To breathe new life into Qiang embroidery, Chen has continued to keep an open mind, introducing new products personal accessories(配饰), notebooks and bags in addition to the traditional clothes.
【答案】like
【解析】考查介词。句意:为了给羌绣注入新的活力,陈云珍继续保持开放的心态,除了传统服装外,还推出了新产品,如个人配饰、笔记本和包。根据下文“personal accessories(配饰), notebooks and bags in addition to the traditional clothes(除了传统服装外,……如个人配饰、笔记本和包)”可知,下文在举例说明,表示“比如”用 like。故填 like。
9. The apples on the tree are the reach of the boy, so he had to ask his brother for help.
【答案】beyond
【详解】考查介词。句意:树上的苹果超出了那个男孩能够到的范围,所以他不得不向他哥哥求助。根据“so he had to ask his brother for help”可知,男孩自己够不到苹果,“beyond the reach of”是固定表达,意为“超出……能够到的范围”,符合语境。故填beyond。
10. Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang’s invitation to teach_________ an associate professor.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意:回国后,他受到北京航空航天大学的邀请,担任副教授。后跟名词作宾语,表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。
考向2 考查介词短语及其它搭配
1.I started reflecting the fact that there was a great need to get that conversation going. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:我开始思考这样一个事实,那就是我们非常需要进行这样的对话。结合句意,表示“考虑,思考”用短语reflect on。故填on。
2.Last year, brain researchers demonstrated that writing by hand typing with a keyboard promoted more complex brain connectivity, which was crucial for memory formation. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 instead/rather of/than
【详解】考查介词短语。句意:去年,脑科学家们证实,用手书写而非通过键盘打字能够促进大脑更复杂的连接,而这种连接对于记忆的形成至关重要。这里是在对比手写和打字对大脑连接的不同作用,强调手写的优势,所以用 instead of或 rather than连接,instead of意为“而不是”;rather than意为“而不是”。故填 instead of/rather than。
3.He adds that stand-up comedy is easy to start because it doesn’t require special skills. Anyone, age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 regardless of
【详解】考查介词短语。句意:他还表示,单口喜剧很容易入门,因为它不需要特殊的技能。任何人,无论年龄大小或性别如何,都可以尝试。这使得它在中国具有广泛的吸引力。这里表示“无论”年龄和性别,用介词短语regardless of。故填regardless of。
4.Traditional Miao clothing and jewellery are recognized worldwide their high quality of craft skills and unique designs, which include hundreds of different styles. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:苗族传统服饰和珠宝因其高质量的工艺技能和独特的设计而享誉世界,其中包括数百种不同的风格。根据空前“are recognized”和空后“their high quality of craft skills and unique designs”可知,此处是固定搭配:be recognized for“因……而被认可”。故填for。
5.However, it did not stop her from completing her college and graduate studies before becoming a white-collar worker in Shanghai, __________her parents’ great support. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】due to/thanks to
【详解】考查介词。句意:然而,由于父母的大力支持,这并没有妨碍她在上海完成大学和研究生学业,成为一名白领。根据上文“it did not stop her from completing her college and graduate studies before becoming a white-collar worker in Shanghai”以及下文的“great support”可知,因为父母的支持她才能完成学业。介词短语due to/thanks to,表示“因为”,后接名词。故填due to/thanks to。
6.Roald Dahl, the famous children’s book writer, was born to Harold and Sofie Dahl on 13 September 1916. He was named the explorer, Roald Amundsen, their national hero in Norway of that time. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】after
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:著名儿童读物作家罗尔德·达尔于1916年9月13日由哈罗德和索菲·达尔所生。他以探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的名字命名,他是当时挪威的民族英雄。固定搭配 be named after,“以……命名”。故填after。
7.To a certain extent, we are all responsible this tragic situation. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:在某种程度上,我们都对这种悲惨的局面负有责任。分析句子且根据句意可知,空处涉及固定搭配be responsible for,表示“对......负责”,所以空处应填介词for。故填for。
8.The red-eared slider, a species of freshwater turtle, is native the Southern United States and Northern Mexico.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【详解】句意:红耳龟是一种淡水龟类,原产于美国南部和墨西哥北部。此处为固定搭配be native to,表示“原产于;土生土长于”,符合语境。
9.Most young people are particular the quality and appearance of the goods they buy online. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】about/over
【详解】句意:大多数年轻人对网购商品的质量和外观都很挑剔。 根据句中“are particular”可知,空处需用介词about或over;固定搭配be particular about/over意为“对……挑剔、讲究”。
10.I hope that this talk has given you some insight the kind of the work that we’ve been doing. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】into
【详解】句意:希望本次演讲能让您对我们一直在从事的工作有所了解。insight into是固定搭配,意为“对……的洞察/了解”,所以此处使用介词into。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
题型1 介词在语法填空题中考查
例1(2025~2026学年浦东新区二模)
Millions of people watch them clean dirty homes and share cleaning tips. What starts ____9____ a simple video watch often ends with viewers tackling their own household chores.
【答案】
9. as##with
考查介词。句意:起初只是观看一个简单的视频,但最终却往往会让观众们投入到自己的家务劳动中去。短语start as/with表示“开始于/以……开始”,故填as/with。
例2(2025~2026学年崇明区二模)
Chang Shana made copies of the murals ____7____ the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and ____8____ the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career.
【答案】
7. under
考查介词。句意:常沙娜在父亲、研究所的研究人员和来访艺术家的指导下临摹壁画。under the guidance of...是固定短语,表示“在……的指导下”。故填under。
例3(2025~2026学年静安区二模)
The same data scarcity problems exist in other parts of the Global South, such as Latin America, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia, so it’s likely that Amini’s technology will also have an impact ____10____ Africa.
【答案】
10. beyond
考查介词。句意:同样的数据匮乏问题也存在于全球南部的其他地区,比如拉丁美洲、加勒比地区和东南亚,所以阿米尼的这项技术很可能也会在非洲以外的地区产生影响。此处意为“影响力延伸至非洲以外地区”应用介词beyond。故填beyond。
例4(2025~2026学年杨浦区二模)
Thanks to a camera built into its nose, it can detect and react to human emotions, and it understands gestures ____4____ a finger to the lips to ask it to be quiet. It could be appealing to someone who wants a pet, but is unable to look after a real ____5____.
【答案】 4. like
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意:其鼻子内置的摄像头使它能够感知并回应人类的情绪,还能理解诸如用手指触唇来要求安静这样的手势。该空后的a finger to the lips是前面gestures的一个具体的例子,应填介词like。故填like。
例5(2025~2026学年嘉定区二模)
Interestingly, this isn’t new. It has existed ____5____ the long history of storytelling. In the 19th century, when illustrations started appearing in books, readers began to feel a similar discomfort.
【答案】
5. throughout
【5题详解】
考查介词。句意:这在漫长的叙事史中一直存在。用介词throughout表示“贯穿、遍及整个历史”。故填throughout。
例6(2025·上海崇明·二模)
Now the pygmy hippo (侏儒河马), named Moo Deng, has an official song and video released several languages for her fans worldwide.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意:如今,名为Moo Deng的侏儒河马已经拥有了一首官方歌曲及视频,该作品以多种语言发布,供全球粉丝欣赏。“in + 语言”表示“用某种语言”,此处in several languages表示“用几种语言”。故填in。
例7(2025·上海黄浦·二模)
This casts you the role of “someone else,” and may help you feel more sympathy and understand others’ feelings.
【答案】in/into
【解析】考查介词。句意:这会让你扮演“他人”的角色,可能会帮助你更有同情心,更理解他人的感受。cast sb. in/into the role of是固定短语,意为“使某人扮演……的角色”,因此空格处是介词in/into。故填in/into。
例8(2025·上海奉贤·二模)
“….if possible, lights are equipped with shades to minimize light pollution. Specifically, these shades are designed to direct the light down _______up.”
【答案】rather than
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:具体来说,这些阴影的设计是为了引导光线向下而不是向上。表示“而不是”短语为rather than,说明光线引导的方向,即“向下而不是向上”。故填rather than。
例9(2025·上海松江·二模)
Researchers found that when people broke up a walk into periods of 10 to 30 seconds, short breaks in between, they used up to 60 per cent more energy than covering the same stretch in one go.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意:研究人员发现,当人们将一次散步分成10到30秒的时间段,中间有短暂的休息时,他们消耗的能量比一次走完同样的路程要多60%。分析句子结构可知,此处需使用介词“with”表示“有”。故填with。
例10(2025·上海青浦·二模)
In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction _______a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, …….
【答案】rather than/instead of
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:老板的建议,即使被误导,也可能感觉像是一个指示而不是一个选择。根据前文“A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction”可知,此处应填表示“而不是”的介词短语,故填rather than/instead of。
例11 (2025·上海金山·二模)
Anyone, _______age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China.
【答案】regardless of
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:任何人,无论年龄和性别,都可以尝试。根据语境,这里表示“无论”年龄和性别,用介词短语regardless of。故填regardless of。
例12(2025·上海长宁·二模)
The CTP was founded in 2010, the purpose of producing and touring theatre shows that are aimed at young people.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词固定搭配。句意:CTP成立于2010年,目的是制作和巡演针对年轻人的戏剧节目。根据句意可知,此处表示“目的是”,可用固定短语with the purpose of。故填with。
例13(2025·上海普陀·二模)
They found that identical twins, who share almost all of their genes, were more similar to each other than fraternal twins, who share around half of their genes, 3 their appreciation of nature.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意:他们发现,几乎拥有所有相同基因的同卵双胞胎在对自然的欣赏方面比拥有约一半相同基因的异卵双胞胎更相似。be similar in是固定搭配,意为“在……方面相似的”;in表示“在……方面”。故填in。
例14(2025年长宁一模)
Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ________ extremely hot days.
【答案】on##for##during##amid
【解析】考查介词。句意:或者你可以在极热的天气里把植物移到阴凉处。 “on + 时间”表示“在某一天、某天晚上、某天早上等”的情况下。也可用用for“因为”或during“在……期间”或amid“在……过程中”故填on/for/during/amid。
例15(2025年杨浦一模)
_____most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book.
【答案】 Unlike
【解析】考查介词。句意:与大多数读书俱乐部不同,无声读书俱乐部的明尼阿波利斯分会不要求会员读某一本书。根据句意可知,此处应用介词表示“与……不同”,介词unlike符合语境,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Unlike。
例16(2025年金山一模)
“Your mom’s or your aunt’s frybread can never be made by anyone else in the world.” ___3___ the variety, most versions have a few things in common. The basic ingredients are flour, baking powder or soda, and salt …..
【答案】
Despite
考查介词。句意:“你妈妈或你阿姨做的油炸面包永远不可能是世界上其他人做的。” 尽管种类繁多,但大多数版本都有一些共同点。…… 空后为名词the variety,结合“most versions have a few things in common”可知,此处含让步关系,空处应用意为“尽管”的介词despite,句首单词的首字
母需大写。故填Despite。
例17(2025年松江一模)
Kung fu originates in China and is a key part of its traditional culture. It has now grown in popularity in Kenya, particularly ____8____ school-age children.
【答案】among##with
【解析】考查介词。句意:现在它在肯尼亚越来越受欢迎,特别是在学龄儿童中。grow in popularity among/with...意为“在……中间越来越受欢迎”,为固定搭配。故填among/with。
例18(2025年青浦一模)
______ ______ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left.
【答案】Rather than/ Instead of
【解析】考查短语。句意:这项研究并没有引起不必要的焦虑,而是假设去皮可以有效去除几乎所有残留的农药。根据语境可知,此处表示 “而不是,并非”,可用 “Rather than/ Instead of”,故填 “Rather than/ Instead of”。
例19(2025年崇明一模)
Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:但报告指出,此类改革存在重大障碍。“barrier to...” 为固定搭配,意为 “…… 的障碍”,故填 “to”。
例20(2025年浦东新区一模)
He feels, because people are watching, it’s important to set a good example in your behavior. He adds that he doesn’t take that responsibility lightly because he is able to help people (8)_________ the things he does in the example.
【答案】through
【解析】考查介词。句意:他补充说,他不会轻视这份责任,因为他能够通过自己在例子中所做的事情来帮助人们。结合语境可知,此处表示 “通过…… 方式”,应用介词 through,故填 through。
题型2 介词在句子翻译中的运用
例1 【2025·上海虹口·二模】
上海是一座依水而兴的城市,江河湖海相伴相依,并提供众多与城市地标相关的特色娱乐体验。(surround)
【答案】As a city that grows/develops by/on water, Shanghai is surrounded by rivers, lakes, and seas, offering a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences associated with/linked to its landmarks.
【解析】“依水” 用by/on water,考地点介词表 “凭借水源”,on 表 “临水源而建”,by 表 “依赖水路发展”。描述客观事实用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,表示“作为一座依水而兴的城市”应为介词短语As a city that grows/develops by/on water;表示“被……包围”应为被动句式be surrounded by;表示“江河湖海”应为名词短语rivers, lakes, and seas;后接非谓语动词作状语,表示“提供”为动词offer,和逻辑主语Shanghai为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式,表示“各种独特的娱乐体验”应为名词短语a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences;表示“与……相联系”应为动词短语be associated with/linked to;表示“地标”为名词landmarks。故翻译为:As a city that grows/develops by/on water, Shanghai is surrounded by rivers, lakes, and seas, offering a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences associated with/linked to its landmarks.
例2【2025·上海闵行·二模】
骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。(instinct)
【答案】Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct.
【解析】adapt to(适应)固定搭配用 to;by instinct(本能地)考方式介词 by 表 “凭借本能”。根据汉语题干可知,表示“骆驼”用camel,此处表示泛指,用复数形式,作主语,句子开头,注意用大写;“会适应”是句子的谓语,句子陈述的客观事实,用一般现在时,故可译为can adapt或adapt;表示“干旱的沙漠环境”用the dry desert environment,作“会适应”的宾语;再结合已给英文提示instinct,所以表示“本能地”用by instinct或者out of instinct,置于句尾,修饰谓语adapt to。故翻译为Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct.
例3【2025·上海浦东新·二模】
这位教练精心编写的健身手册将于明年2月问世。(expect)
【答案】The fitness manual carefully-written by the coach is expected to come out in February next year.
【解析】in February考月份介词 in;by the coach表 “被教练编写”,被动结构中用 by 表执行者。句子主语“健身手册”译为the fitness manual,“这位教练精心编写的”是修饰“健身手册”的定语部分,“编写”为动词write,the fitness manual和write之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式written,“教练”是the coach,“精心地”是副词carefully,修饰过去分词written,形成carefully-written by the coach的过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the fitness manual,根据提示词expect,“将于……”使用be expected to do sth.结构表示“被期望将做某事”,这种预期是现在就存在的,时态为一般现在时,主语是单数,be动词用is,“问世”用固定短语come out表达,时间状语“明年2月”译为in February next year。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为:The fitness manual carefully-written by the coach is expected to come out in February next year.
例4【2025·上海嘉定·二模】
学生通过参与科研项目接触到了前沿技术。(exposure)
【答案】Students gained exposure to cutting-edge technology by participating in research projects.
【解析】by participating in考方式介词 by + 动名词;exposure to(接触)固定搭配用 to。表示“前沿技术”应用名词短语cutting-edge technologies,作宾语,表示“参与”应用动词短语participate in,此处应用介词短语by participating in作方式状语,表示“科研项目”应用名词短语research projects,作宾语,故翻译为Students gained exposure to cutting-edge technologies by participating in research projects。
例5【2025·上海崇明·二模】
我表姐每次旅行回来, 都会买一些有当地特色的纪念品。(Every time)
【答案】Every time my cousin comes back from a trip, she buys some souvenirs with local characteristics.
【解析】from a trip表 “从旅行中”,考来源介词 from;with local characteristics用 with 表 “带有特征”。表示“每次”应用every time,引导时间状语从句;表示“我表姐”应用my cousin;表示“旅行回来”应用come back from a trip,此处陈述经常性的动作,使用一般现在时;表示“她”应用she;表示“买”应用buy;表示“一些当地有特色的纪念品”应用some souvenirs with local characteristics;主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故翻译成:Every time my cousin comes back from a trip, she buys some souvenirs with local characteristics.。
例6【2025·上海崇明·二模】
为抵御台风来袭,志愿者们正顶风冒雨,挨家挨户提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内。(regardless of)
【答案】To defend against the approaching typhoon, the volunteers are going door to door regardless of the wind and rain, reminding the residents to move their potted plants indoors.
【解析】regardless of(不顾)固定短语;defend against(抵御)用 against 表对抗对象。“台风来袭”译为the approaching typhoon,现在分词approaching作定语,“志愿者们”使用名词复数volunteers,“挨家挨户”使用动词短语go door to door,此处表示正在进行的动作,使用现在进行时,“顶风冒雨”使用介词短语regardless of the wind and rain,“提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内”译为remind the residents to move their potted plants indoors,和逻辑主语volunteers之间是主动关系,使用现在分词作状语,故翻译为:To defend against the approaching typhoon, the volunteers are going door to door regardless of the wind and rain, reminding the residents to move their potted plants indoors.
例7【2025·上海静安·二模】
一些技术突破并非由科技巨头们推动,而是来自于普通人的奇思妙想。(drive)
【答案】Some technological breakthroughs are not driven by tech giants but stem from ordinary people’s creative ideas.
【解析】被动结构driven by(被推动)用 by;stem from(源于)考来源介词 from。表示“一些技术突破”用some technological breakthroughs,作主语;表示“科技巨头们”为tech giants;表示“普通人的奇思妙想”可翻译为ordinary people’s creative ideas;表示“不是……而是……”句型为not…but…。故翻译为Some technological breakthroughs are not driven by tech giants but stem from ordinary people’s creative ideas.
例8【2025·上海徐汇·二模】
她的行李箱里塞满了纪念品,结果超重了。(stuff)
【答案】Her suitcase/luggage was stuffed with so many souvenirs that it was overweight.
【解析】be stuffed with(塞满)用 with 表填充内容,区别于 by(动作执行者)。“她的行李箱” 表达为 “Her suitcase/luggage”;“纪念品” 是 “souvenirs”;“结果” 可翻译为“so...that...引导的结果状语从句”;“超重了” 翻译为 “was overweight”,整体句子描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。故翻译为:Her suitcase/luggage was stuffed with so many souvenirs that it was overweight.
例9【2025·上海徐汇·二模】
这家餐厅成功地将传统烹饪技艺融入现代国际美食中,创造出独特的风味。(integrate)
【答案】This restaurant successfully integrated traditional cooking techniques into modern international cuisine, creating unique flavors.
【解析】integrate into(融入)固定搭配用 into,表 “进入某范畴” 的空间逻辑。“这家餐厅”是this restaurant,“成功地”是successfully,“将……融入……”是integrate...into...,句中描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,integrate用过去式,“传统烹饪技艺”是traditional cooking techniques,“现代国际美食”是modern international cuisine,“创造出”是create,句中谓语是integrated,create用非谓语动词,用现在分词表结果,“独特的风味”是unique flavors,因此整句话翻译为This restaurant successfully integrated traditional cooking techniques into modern international cuisine, creating unique flavors.
例10【2025·上海金山·二模】
这部电影为推动中国文化走向世界做出了很大贡献。(contribute)
【答案】The film contributes/ has contributed significantly to promoting Chinese culture to the world.
【解析】contribute to(贡献)中 to 为介词,后接动名词;to the world表方向用 to。根据中文提示可知,表示“这部电影”应用the film,在本句中作主语;表示“做出了很大贡献”应用 contributes/ has contributed significantly to,这里时态可用一般现在时表示客观情况,也可用现在完成时强调对现在的影响;表示“推动中国文化走向世界”应用promote Chinese culture to the world,为动词短语,且contribute to doing sth,表“助成某事”,为固定搭配,所以这里应用动名词短语作介词to后宾语。故填The film contributes/ has contributed significantly to promoting Chinese culture to the world.
例11 【2025·上海金山·二模】
他忘了在饭盒上贴标签,有人不小心错拿了。(label)
【答案】He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone accidentally took it./He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone took it by mistake.
【解析】by mistake(错误地)固定短语,考介词短语作方式状语。分析句子可知,这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。“忘记做某事”表达为forget to do sth.,因此表示“他忘了在饭盒上贴标签”应用he forgot to label his lunchbox;表示“有人不小心错拿了”可翻译为so someone accidentally took it,其中 accidentally(意外地)为副词作状语;表示“有人不小心错拿了”也可翻译为so someone took it by mistake,其中by mistake(错误地)为介词短语作状语。故翻译为He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone accidentally took it.或He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone took it by mistake.
例12【2025·上海金山·二模】
上周末,在春意盎然的植物园,我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇,我们都非常激动。 (which)
【答案】Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot.
【解析】in full spring bloom(春意盎然)用 in 表状态;came across中 across 为介词表 “穿过 / 偶遇”。分析句子可知,这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。表示“上周末”应用last weekend,在本句中作状语;表示“在春意盎然的植物园”应用in the botanical garden in full spring bloom,在本句中作地点状语,其中in full spring bloom (春意盎然的) 为介词短语作定语修饰前面名词garden;表示“我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇”应用my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across,为主谓结构,其中come across表“偶然遇见”,为固定搭配;表示“(这让)我们都非常激动”应用which excited us a lot,为非限制性定语从句,which指代前面句子,在从句中作主语。故翻译为Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot.
例13【2025·上海松江·二模】
池塘边石柱上的精美雕刻体现了人与自然和谐共生的理念。(belief)
【答案】The exquisite carvings on the stone pillars by the pond reflect the belief of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
【解析】on the pillars(石柱上)考表面接触用 on;by the pond(池塘边)用 by 表邻近;between...and... 表两者间。“精美的雕刻”可翻译为exquisite carvings,“池塘边石柱上”可翻译为介词短语on the stone pillars by the pond,“体现”可翻译为reflect,根据提示可知,“理念”可使用名词belief在句中作宾语,“人与自然和谐共生的理念”可翻译为belief of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature。根据语境可知,该句陈述一般事实,因此可使用一般现在时。故翻译为:The exquisite carvings on the stone pillars by the pond reflect the belief of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
例14【2025·上海宝山·二模】
虽然学校餐厅人潮拥挤,但排队的队伍井然有序,学生们打好饭都能找到一张桌子坐下来用餐。(order)
【答案】Although the school cafeteria was crowded, the waiting lines were still in good order and all the students could find a table to sit at after they got their food.
【解析】in good order(有序)固定搭配;sit at a table用 at 表具体位置(坐在桌边)。句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,“虽然”是although,引导让步状语从句,“学校餐厅”是the school cafeteria,“人潮拥挤”是be crowded,主语the school cafeteria是单数,因此be动词用was,“排队的队伍”是the waiting lines,“(仍然)井然有序”是be still in good order,主语lines是复数,be动词用were,“学生们都能”是all the students could,“找到一张桌子坐下来用餐”是find a table to sit at,“打好饭”是after they got their food,after引导的时间状语从句。故答案为Although the school cafeteria was crowded, the waiting lines were still in good order and all the students could find a table to sit at after they got their food.
例15【2025·上海杨浦·二模】
恰如古语所云,未曾领略冬之凛冽,无法感知春之和煦,这体现了冬去春来、季节交替的真谛。(correspond)
【答案】As the timeless saying goes, without experiencing the cold of winter, one can’t appreciate the warmth of spring, which corresponds to the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring.
【解析】from winter to spring考时间过渡用 from...to...;correspond to(符合)固定搭配用 to。此处陈述事实用一般现在时;表示“恰如古语所云”可翻译为as the timeless saying goes;表示“未曾领略冬之凛冽”可翻译为without experiencing the cold of winter,其中动名词作宾语;主语为one;表示“无法感知春之和煦”翻译为can’t appreciate the warmth of spring;后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子,从句缺少主语,故用which;表示“体现”短语为correspond to/with(相一致;符合);表示“冬去春来、季节交替的真谛”翻译为the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring。故翻译为As the timeless saying goes, without experiencing the cold of winter, one can’t appreciate the warmth of spring, which corresponds to the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring.
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专题02 介词及介词短语
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 基础介词分类与语义
知识解构 知识点 1 时间介词辨析 知识点 2 地点 / 方位介词辨析 知识点 3 方式 / 原因 / 逻辑介词
考向破译 考向 1 语境语义选词填空 考向 2 易混介词 (across/through 等) 区分
考点二 介词短语分类
知识解构 知识点 1 介词 + 名词固定短语 知识点 2 复合介词 (because of/regarding 等) 知识点 3 双重介词
考向破译 考向 1 短语辨析语法填空 考向 2 介词短语翻译应用
考点三 动词 + 介词搭配
知识解构 知识点 1 动词 + up/on/out 等短语 知识点 2 高频同根短语辨析 知识点 3 固定搭配 (be responsible for 等)
考向破译 考向 1 固定搭配填空 考向 2 动词短语在翻译中运用
考点四 介词特殊用法
知识解构 知识点 1 分词介词 知识点 2 形容词转化介词 知识点 3 介词复合结构
考向破译 考向 1 长难句介词结构分析 考向 2 特殊介词语境判断
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
考点要求
考查形式
近年考题
(1)考查常见介词的基本语义和用法;
(2)考查介词与动词的固定搭配;
(3)在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对介词及介词短语的理解和运用。
语法填空题
句子翻译题
【2023年上海高考】Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and, ______ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications, advice and encouragement.
【答案】 at
【解析】考查介词(at the expense...),构成介词短语"at its own expense",表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
【2022年上海高考】.... ______an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others.
【答案】As
【解析】考查介词,此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”,后面是个完整的句子,an entrepreneur 为名词。结合语境,此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”,故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家,你既是自己的管理者,也是他人的管理者。
考情分析:
高考命题不局限于考查单个介词,而是更加注重对介词基本用法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。
必考点:
1. 介词的基本意思和用法;
2. 介词和其它词类搭配搭配;
复习目标:
1. 熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法;
2. 掌握介词与其他词类所构成的一些固定短语;
3. 强化在复杂语境中介词及其相关短语的运用
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 名词的数
知●识●解●构
知识点1 常用介词
一、 表示“时间”的介词
1. at, on, in
(1) at表示“在某一时刻,某一时点”。如:
☞I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。
注:at daybreak在黎明 at noon在中午
at night在夜间 at Christmas在圣诞节期间
at the age of five在五岁时
(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:
☞I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。
☞We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。
(3) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如:
in the 20th century在20世纪 in 1999在1999年
in winter在冬季 in September在九月
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
【巧学妙记】
at用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连,黎明、终止和开端,at与之紧接着相伴。
周月季年长时间,in须放在其前面, 泛指一晌和傍晚,也要放在in后边。
on指特定某一天,日期、星期和节日前 某天上下和夜晚,依然要在on后站。
今明昨天前后天,上下这那每之前,at、in、on都不用,此乃习惯记心间。
注:“上下这那每之前”是指“last/next/this/that/every”之前。
2. for, during, through
(1) for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。如:
☞She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
(2) during表示“在……期间”。如:
☞I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(3) through表示“一直……,自始至终”。如:
☞They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3. from, since
(1) from表示“时间的起点”,可译作“从……”,多用于“from…to/till…”中。如:
☞You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
(2) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”。如:
☞We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。
注意:
for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如:
for two hours(持续)两小时 since last week从上周直到现在
4. before, by, till, until
(1) before指“在……之前”,与after相对。如:
☞Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。
(2) by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”。如:
☞We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
☞We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.
到本学期结束前,我们将学了两千英语单词了。
注:by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。
(3) till (until) “直到……为止”。 在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
☞I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。
☞You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。
5. after, in, within
(1) in和after都可表示“在……之后”,但用法不同:
a. 用in时要具备两个条件:用于将来时;后接时间段
☞I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。
b. after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时
☞He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症,一年后去世了。
☞The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
(2) within“在……时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间,没有时态的限制。如:
☞I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。
二、 表示“地点、方位”的介词
1. at, on, to, in
at表示在小地方; 在……附近,旁边
in 表示 在大地方; 在……围之内
on 表示毗邻,接壤
to 表示在„„范围外,不强调是否接壤
☞He arrived at the station at ten.
☞He is sitting at the desk.
☞He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
☞Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
☞Russia live on the north of China.
☞Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2. above, over, on
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触;
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
☞The bird is flying above my head.
☞There is a bridge over the river.
☞He put his watch on the desk.
3. along, through, across
(1) across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”,前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念。如:
☞He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。
☞He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。
有时 across 表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行,但此时它仍与through 有差别:前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端,而后者表示穿过两端。如:
☞He walked across the hall. 他从大厅的一端走到另一端。
☞He walked through the hall. 他穿过大厅。
(2)along 表示“沿着”,通常用于狭长的东西。如:
☞I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。
4. between, among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中,或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在……中间”。如:
☞Between the door and the windows there is a map. 门和窗户的中间有一张地图。
☞They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。
三、其他介词
1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on
(1)by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by bus乘公共汽车,
by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:
☞I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
(2)with表示“用某种工具”。如:
☞He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
(3)on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
☞They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
☞She learns English on the radio/on tv. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on
(1) of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:
☞He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。
(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
☞Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
(3)on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
☞It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
(1)for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
☞I am sorry for what i said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
☞He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
☞He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
(4) of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
☞The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:
☞Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
☞Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
☞She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
(7)because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
☞He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
知识点2 介词短语
常见的介词搭配:
1. “介词+ 名词”型
(1) in 构成的短语
in advance 在前头,事先,预先 in case 如果,万一
in charge主管,掌管,看管 in common共有,共同,公有
in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的,难以确定的
in effect实际上,生效 in fact事实上
in order按序,井然有序,情况良好; 恰当 in progress进行中
in return作为回报 in vain徒劳
in turn依次,替换地;相应地,转而
(2) on构成的短语
on guard 在值勤 on leave在休假
on holiday在度假 on strike罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the move在移动,搬迁;离开 on the march在行军
on the go正在活动,正在奔走 on the air正在广播
(3) beyond构成的短语
beyond one's power是某人力所不及的 beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach够不着 beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑
beyond one's understanding 无法理解
(4) under构成的短语
under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中
under test在测试中 under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中
(5) at 构成的短语
at length 详细地,长时间 at sea茫然
at will任意地 at work在上班
at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息
at table在吃饭 at school上学
at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态
(6) out of 构成的短语
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时 out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制 out of business破产
out of style过时,不时髦 out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系
2. 复杂介词型
(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于,因为”。
because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系);
on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exception of= except, except for“除……之外”;
apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示“除……之外”,相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外,(还,也)”,相当于besides;
in addition to“除……之外(还,也)”,相当于besides。
(3) 表示“有关,关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于,就……而论,在……方面”;
with respect to“关于,就……而言”;
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead of=in advance of,可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早”, 还可表示“领先,优于”;
in front of 多指空间的前后关系,“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持,赞成”。
in support of 维护,支持,支援;
in favor of 可指某人“支持,赞成”,也可指事物“有利于……”
(6) 表示“鉴于,由于;根据,按照”。
in the light of 按照,考虑到 in terms of 就……而言,谈到
according to 根据;按照 in view of 鉴于,因为
(7) 表示“尽管”。
in spite of 尽管,不管
知识点3 动词短语中的介词
一、动词搭配是语法填空的重点,考生平时要注意积累常见的动词短语。
1.动词+ away构成的短语动词有:
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
2.动词+ for构成的短语动词有:
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算,为……计划hope for希望,期待 ask for索取,寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还,赔偿
3.动词+on构成的短语动词有:
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车)
4.动词+over构成的短语动词有:
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5.动词+ up构成的短语动词有:
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把……调高一点
6.动词+out构成的短语动词有:
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 carry out实行,执行 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发,动身。
二、常见同根动词短语辨析 1.bring
bring in引进,挣得 bring about引起,导致
bring up养育,培养,呕吐,提出 bring out使展现,推出(书等)
bring down降低,使倒下 bring back把……带回来,使忆起
bring forth结果,生产,产生 bring forward提出,提前
bring off圆满完成(困难之事)
2.break
break down崩溃,瓦解,垮掉,失败,分解 break up打碎,分解,分开,结束,制止
break through逾越,突破,冲破 break away(from)挣脱,脱离
break out爆发 break in破门而入
break into进入建筑物以便行窃,突然发出,打扰 break off折断,中断
3.come
come about发生 come out结果出来,出版,开花
come across偶遇,被理解 come true变为现实
come up走上前,被提出,走近 come along一起来
come up with产生,发现(解决办法等)
4.give
give up放弃 give in屈服,呈交
give out 用尽,耗尽,分发,公布,发表
give off发出 give away颁发,赠送,送掉,捐赠
5.go
go against违背,与……不符,对……不利 go without勉强维持,凑合
go in for爱好,参加,从事 go by过去,依据,按照
go on继续,发生 go over复习,仔细审查,走近
go ahead 进行 go through 从头到尾地阅读,经历
go away走开,外出度假,消失 go for去取来或接来,争取得到
6.keep
keep away(from)使远离 keep back 扣除,保留,隐瞒不讲
keep off 避开 keep on继续
keep out 挡在外边,请勿靠近 keep up保持,不低落,持续,继续
keep up with跟上 keep down抑制(以防其增长)
7.look
look ahead向前看 look about环顾
look back回忆,回顾 look out当心,找出
look up向上看,查阅,看望 look down upon看不起
look through翻阅 look into调查,向内看
look after照看,负责处理 look on旁观
look forward to盼望 look round寻找,边走边看,观光
8.put
put back放回原处,拨回,阻碍,推迟 put down平定,镇压,记下
put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处,储蓄 put forward提出(计划、建议),拨快,提前
put off延期 put on穿戴,上映
put out扑灭,生产 put up举起,张贴
9.take
take in吸收 take for 误认为
take out 拿出 take down 放下
take up从事,拿起,占据 take off 飞机起飞,脱下,休假,成功
take by攻占 take after像
take along 随身携带 take away带走,拿走,使离去
take back 收回,退回(所购商品) take charge 负责,掌管
take on呈现,雇佣 take out拿出,带……出去
take over 接管,接任
10.turn
turn back折回,掉转头 turn away转身,走开,打发走 turn out结果是,赶出,生产,制造
turn down 拒绝,调小 turn off 关掉 turn over翻过来,移交
turn in上交(作业等),拐入 turn into变成,翻译 turn on打开,取决于
turn to求助于,翻到 turn up调大,出现
考●向●破●译
考向1 考查各类介词基本用法
1.“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion cultural heritage preservation,” said Song.
2. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ______ other flowers in Tokyo.
3. According to Dr James Giordano, a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center, our brains process information and turn it into memories by receiving it _______ our senses, encoding it and storing it — much like a computer.
4. "You can't even put up your tent, which is your only shelter, ______ putting on huge gloves, otherwise you'll get a frostbite. Putting up a tent in oven gloves isn't easy."
5.There is no better place to get delicious, filling, fun and glorious food in one of the many wet markets in Shanghai. (用适当的词填空)
6. the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity (严重性) of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime.
7.Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空)
8. To breathe new life into Qiang embroidery, Chen has continued to keep an open mind, introducing new products personal accessories(配饰), notebooks and bags in addition to the traditional clothes.
9. The apples on the tree are the reach of the boy, so he had to ask his brother for help.
10. Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang’s invitation to teach_________ an associate professor.
考向2 考查介词短语及其它搭配
1.I started reflecting the fact that there was a great need to get that conversation going. (用适当的词填空)
2.Last year, brain researchers demonstrated that writing by hand typing with a keyboard promoted more complex brain connectivity, which was crucial for memory formation. (用适当的词填空)
3.He adds that stand-up comedy is easy to start because it doesn’t require special skills. Anyone, age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China. (用适当的词填空)
4.Traditional Miao clothing and jewellery are recognized worldwide their high quality of craft skills and unique designs, which include hundreds of different styles. (用适当的词填空)
5.However, it did not stop her from completing her college and graduate studies before becoming a white-collar worker in Shanghai, __________her parents’ great support. (用适当的词填空)
6.Roald Dahl, the famous children’s book writer, was born to Harold and Sofie Dahl on 13 September 1916. He was named the explorer, Roald Amundsen, their national hero in Norway of that time. (用适当的词填空)
7.To a certain extent, we are all responsible this tragic situation. (用适当的词填空)
8.The red-eared slider, a species of freshwater turtle, is native the Southern United States and Northern Mexico.(用适当的词填空)
9.Most young people are particular the quality and appearance of the goods they buy online. (用适当的词填空)
10.I hope that this talk has given you some insight the kind of the work that we’ve been doing. (用适当的词填空)
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
题型1 介词在语法填空题中考查
例1(2025~2026学年浦东新区二模)
Millions of people watch them clean dirty homes and share cleaning tips. What starts ____9____ a simple video watch often ends with viewers tackling their own household chores.
例2(2025~2026学年崇明区二模)
Chang Shana made copies of the murals ____7____ the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and ____8____ the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career.
例3(2025~2026学年静安区二模)
The same data scarcity problems exist in other parts of the Global South, such as Latin America, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia, so it’s likely that Amini’s technology will also have an impact ____10____ Africa.
例4(2025~2026学年杨浦区二模)
Thanks to a camera built into its nose, it can detect and react to human emotions, and it understands gestures ____4____ a finger to the lips to ask it to be quiet. It could be appealing to someone who wants a pet, but is unable to look after a real ____5____.
例5(2025~2026学年嘉定区二模)
Interestingly, this isn’t new. It has existed ____5____ the long history of storytelling. In the 19th century, when illustrations started appearing in books, readers began to feel a similar discomfort.
例6(2025·上海崇明·二模)
Now the pygmy hippo (侏儒河马), named Moo Deng, has an official song and video released several languages for her fans worldwide.
例7(2025·上海黄浦·二模)
This casts you the role of “someone else,” and may help you feel more sympathy and understand others’ feelings.
例8(2025·上海奉贤·二模)
“….if possible, lights are equipped with shades to minimize light pollution. Specifically, these shades are designed to direct the light down _______up.”
例9(2025·上海松江·二模)
Researchers found that when people broke up a walk into periods of 10 to 30 seconds, short breaks in between, they used up to 60 per cent more energy than covering the same stretch in one go.
例10(2025·上海青浦·二模)
In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction _______a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, …….
例11 (2025·上海金山·二模)
Anyone, _______age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China.
例12(2025·上海长宁·二模)
The CTP was founded in 2010, the purpose of producing and touring theatre shows that are aimed at young people.
例13(2025·上海普陀·二模)
They found that identical twins, who share almost all of their genes, were more similar to each other than fraternal twins, who share around half of their genes, 3 their appreciation of nature.
例14(2025年长宁一模)
Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ________ extremely hot days.
例15(2025年杨浦一模)
_____most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book.
例16(2025年金山一模)
“Your mom’s or your aunt’s frybread can never be made by anyone else in the world.” ___3___ the variety, most versions have a few things in common. The basic ingredients are flour, baking powder or soda, and salt …..
例17(2025年松江一模)
Kung fu originates in China and is a key part of its traditional culture. It has now grown in popularity in Kenya, particularly ____8____ school-age children.
例18(2025年青浦一模)
______ ______ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left.
例19(2025年崇明一模)
Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms.
例20(2025年浦东新区一模)
He feels, because people are watching, it’s important to set a good example in your behavior. He adds that he doesn’t take that responsibility lightly because he is able to help people (8)_________ the things he does in the example.
题型2 介词在句子翻译中的运用
例1 【2025·上海虹口·二模】
上海是一座依水而兴的城市,江河湖海相伴相依,并提供众多与城市地标相关的特色娱乐体验。(surround)
例2【2025·上海闵行·二模】
骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。(instinct)
例3【2025·上海浦东新·二模】
这位教练精心编写的健身手册将于明年2月问世。(expect)
例4【2025·上海嘉定·二模】
学生通过参与科研项目接触到了前沿技术。(exposure)
例5【2025·上海崇明·二模】
我表姐每次旅行回来, 都会买一些有当地特色的纪念品。(Every time)
例6【2025·上海崇明·二模】
为抵御台风来袭,志愿者们正顶风冒雨,挨家挨户提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内。(regardless of)
例7【2025·上海静安·二模】
一些技术突破并非由科技巨头们推动,而是来自于普通人的奇思妙想。(drive)
例8【2025·上海徐汇·二模】
她的行李箱里塞满了纪念品,结果超重了。(stuff)
例9【2025·上海徐汇·二模】
这家餐厅成功地将传统烹饪技艺融入现代国际美食中,创造出独特的风味。(integrate)
例10【2025·上海金山·二模】
这部电影为推动中国文化走向世界做出了很大贡献。(contribute)
例11 【2025·上海金山·二模】
他忘了在饭盒上贴标签,有人不小心错拿了。(label)
例12【2025·上海金山·二模】
上周末,在春意盎然的植物园,我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇,我们都非常激动。 (which)
例13【2025·上海松江·二模】
池塘边石柱上的精美雕刻体现了人与自然和谐共生的理念。(belief)
例14【2025·上海宝山·二模】
虽然学校餐厅人潮拥挤,但排队的队伍井然有序,学生们打好饭都能找到一张桌子坐下来用餐。(order)
例15【2025·上海杨浦·二模】
恰如古语所云,未曾领略冬之凛冽,无法感知春之和煦,这体现了冬去春来、季节交替的真谛。(correspond)
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