专题01 语法填空之有提示词（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦语法填空有提示词核心考点，涵盖动词时态语态及主谓一致、非谓语动词、形容词副词比较等级三大模块，按考向拆解知识点，通过知识解构建立内在逻辑，结合考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生系统构建语法知识框架，精准突破解题难点。 讲义创新采用考向靶向突破策略，如动词时态结合时间状语与隐含关系考向归纳解题范式，非谓语动词通过句法功能对比培养思维品质，配合分层变式训练与真题溯源分析，有效提升学生语言运用能力和学习效率，为教师把控复习节奏、提升备考效果提供有力支撑。

专题01 语法填空之有提示词 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 知识解构 知识点1 动词的时态 知识点2 动词的语态 知识点3 主谓一致 考向破译 考向 1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 考向02 考查隐含时间关系的时态 考向 3 考查动词的被动语态 考向04 考查主谓一致 考点二 考查非谓语动词 知识解构 知识点1 不定式 知识点2 动名词 知识点3 分词 考向破译 考向01 非谓语动词作状语 考向02 非谓语动词作定语 考向03 非谓语动词作补语 考点三 考查形容词、副词比较等级 知识解构 知识点1 形容词、副词的比较等级 知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级句型 考向破译 考向 考查形容词、副词的比较等级及句型 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 语法填空之有提示词填空 年份 卷别 有提示词 无提示词 谓语 非谓语 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 情态动词 并列句 状从 定从 名从 2024 1月春考 2 3 0 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 1 6月高考 2 2 1 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 1 2023 1月春考 1 3 1 1 1 1 　 0 1　 1 0 6月高考 2 2 0 1 1 0 　 1 1 1 1 2022 1月春考 1 3 0 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 2 6月高考 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一、 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 知●识●解●构 知识点1 动词的时态 一、确定作谓语 分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。 若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； (2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态； (3)根据人称和数，确保主谓一致。 二、确定时态 1.根据具体的时间状语：常见的时态的时间状语标志词 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等 一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等 现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等 过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等 2.根据具并列关系： 考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。 3.根据常用句式定时态： (1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 (3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 (4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 (7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。 知识点2 动词的语态 1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 1) 一般现在：am/is/are done 2) 一般过去：was/were done 3) 现在进行：am/is/are being done 4) 过去进行：was/were being done 5) 现在完成：have/has been done 6) 过去完成：had been done 7) 一般将来：will be done 8) 情态被动：情态动词 + be done 2.主动表被动 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； (2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； 知识点3 主谓一致 项目 主语 谓语动词 语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of＋复数可数名词 单数 复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数 (together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致　　 意义 一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致　 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Researchers (3)______ (study) social media habits for decades, and it turns out they'redriven by simple psychological rewards. （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） By the 18th century, smallpox ____2____ (become) particularly deadly. One in five people who caught it died. It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） In 2014, Dr. Kang Lee, a scientist at the University of Toronto in Canada who studies how young people’s brains work, ____3____ (propose) a different theory. 【变式训练】 1．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考向2 考查隐含时间关系的时态 （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who ____2____ (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long ____3____ he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province. （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） After a disastrous fire, this ancient site is now fully restored. On April 15, 2019, the people of Paris, France, were shocked to see the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral in flames. The cathedral ____1____ (stand) for hundreds of years, but the fire nearly destroyed it. Hundreds of firefighters fought to save the building, but the fire still did extensive damage. （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Once a film version doesn’t match our imagined images, disappointment follows. We might find ourselves thinking, “That’s not how I ____4____ (picture) it.” 【变式训练】 1．Jason set up a plan that in five years he (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The news came as no surprise to me. I (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.（所给词的适当形式填空） 3．Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考向3 考查动词的被动语态 （2025~2026学年金山区二模） Many brands own special skills and secret recipes, which are valuable cultural heritage. Theywill be visually presented throughout the carnival. For example, Tongrentang's traditional Chinesemedicine processing techniques (5)__________ (demonstrate) on site. （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） A red horse toy produced by Happy Sister in the city of Yiwu in the east of China (1) ________ (mean) to wear a broad smile, but a factory error meant it hit the shops, wearing a worried look. （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） The procedure itself was remarkably delicate. It involved mapping the patient's existing neural pathways, synthesizing a personalized memory template (模板), and embedding it through a series of precisely timed electrical pulses. These artificial memory traces (2)_______ (standardize) to integrate seamlessly (无缝地) with the subject's authentic recollections. 【变式训练】 1.After growing for four months, the peppers ______ (harvest) on Friday. When the vegetables were ready to eat, the astronauts also completed a sensory assessment. 2.Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident ____ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. 3.It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 考向4 考查主谓一致 （2025·上海金山·二模） But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China 2 (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China 3 (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Sara Sami vividly recalls the first time she truly saw the stars. The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide 1 (search) for a spot in Saudi Arabia — a massive cliff overlooking a vast desert — when she unexpectedly found herself under an amazing night sky. （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. 【变式训练】 1.As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history. 考点二、 提示词是动词—考查动词的非谓语形式 知●识●解●构 知识点1 不定式 1. 构成 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 完成进行式 to have been doing 1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 2. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 3. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 4. It happened to be raining when I got there. 注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用不定 式。 注意②expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如： I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。 I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。 I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。 2．用法 To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语/形式主语） He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语） I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语） His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语） On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语） She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语） The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities. 知识点2 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing 完成式 having written ★ 必背动词 admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 forbid 禁止 consider考虑 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 propose 建议 resume 继续 ban 禁止 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 keep 继续 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 recommend推荐 advise建议 involve涉及 mention提及 resist 抵制 permit 默许 allow 允许 ★ 必背句型 The children are busy (in) doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。 There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam. 知识点3 分词 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1. The child standing over there is my brother． 2. Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends. 3. His remark left me wondering what he was driving at. 4. Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 5. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 6. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together. 7. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 8. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查不定式用法 （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） These little reminders are meant (2)______ (keep) you motivated, but after a while, keeping upwith them can be tiring. No wonder people start asking: why do these habits form so easily, andcan they actually be broken? （2025~2026学年金山区二模） This will bring traditionaltechniques from workshops to the public and stimulate the willingness (6) __________(learn) and pass them on. （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Andthis discovery suggests that (6)__________(strengthen) our ability to maintain attention, we should trainour mind to activate more processing power when facing tasks 【变式训练】 1．They hurried to the water, only (find) a baby seal there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2． (engage) myself in the local atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”. (所给词适当形式填空) 3．Her father, the first person from Hunan Province (reach) the summit of Qomolangma, greatly (influence) her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考向2 考查动名词用法 （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped ____6____ (fund) the Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission. （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Exercise is necessary for good health, but people in blue zones generally do not set aside time for exercise ___7___(plan) specifically for fitness, such as going to the gym. （2025~2026学年静安区二模） “___8___ (work) with Amini goes toward HP’s efforts to have an enduring impact,” says Jim Nottingham, senior vice president & division president of HP’s Advanced Compute & Solutions business. 【变式训练】 1．His (laugh) at in the presence of all his friends made him annoyed.(所给词的适当形式填空) 2．They all appreciated (give) the opportunity to go abroad for further study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考向3 考查分词用法 （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Those signs of spring also signal to many that it’s time to conduct a thorough cleaning in their house, a tradition with roots ____1____ (date) back to ancient times, symbolizing the transition from the hibernating (冬眠) winter season to the dynamic growth of spring. （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） Since the 16th century, there had been inoculation ____5____ (practise) widely in China, the Middle East and Turkey. It involved a person being given a controlled dose (剂量) of the disease. （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Exercise is necessary for good health, but people in blue zones generally do not set aside time for exercise ___7___(plan) specifically for fitness, such as going to the gym. 【变式训练】 1．The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history (date) back to 1455. (所给词适当形式填空) 2． (expose) to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．By contrast, “loong”, a word （create）in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Often ________ (find) sitting on a ticket gate, Milo greeted commuters and brought smiles to all she encountered, making the spring morning a little brighter. （所给词的适当形式填空） 考点三、 提示词为形容词、副词 —考查形容词、副词比较等级 知●识●解●构 知识点1 形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(＋­er/­est)转换 以­e结尾 ＋­r/­st late—later—latest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变－y为i，＋­er/­est early—earlier—earliest 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母＋­er/est big—bigger—biggest 多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful (1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 知识点2 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型 (1)同级比较 ①as＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as... “和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as... “和……不一样” ②当as... as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n. ＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as... (2)比较级 “形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。 the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词/代词“两者中较……的”。 Who is the younger of the two boys? 这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个？ 介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in；如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。 修饰比较等级的副词：much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。 (3)最高级 ①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。 ②最高级的其他表达法 否定词＋比较级 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than anything/anyone else 有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，故不与than连用，如be senior to等。 (4)含有比较等级的特殊句型 ①the＋adj. /adv. 比较级， the＋adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……，越……” ②adj. /adv. 比较级＋and＋adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……” ③the＋adj. 比较级＋of the two＋名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个” ④no more than“仅仅”， not more than“至多；不超过” ⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……” ⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……” ⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……” ⑧倍数句型 A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型 （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） However, spring cleaning may have more to do with biology. Some studies suggest more sunlight increases our wakefulness because we produce less melatonin, a chemical that makes us sleepy. Melatonin causes us to become ____6____ (willing) to refresh our space. （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） It offered a way to truly walk in another's shoes, fostering a depth of compassion which was previously unattainable—a shared cognitive ground that promised to unite rather than divide, making those who underwent it feel (10) _______ (deeply) connected to the breadth of human experience than those who didn’t. （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Have you ever noticed yourself stuck in a streak on a social media app? Maybe you'repracticing a language daily, or posting your (1)______ (late) achievements for friends to see. 【变式训练】 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with (little) money and (few) people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Another study, conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. (所给词的适当形式填空) 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 语篇填空 (2025年上海高考试题) She rescued a hare(野兔) and then they bonded One morning, Sally Dalton, a speechwriter, was walking down a path when she heard the bark of a dog. She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare ____1____ seemed to be struggling. The animal, no longer than the width of her hand, ____2____ (lie) on its stomach with its eyes open and its short, silky ears held tightly against its back. The most likely explanation for its ____3____ (expose) position was that it had been chased, picked up and dropped by the dog she’d heard, and had ended up lost on the track. Dalton was at a crossroads. She knew that ____4____ (pick) up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome. She picked it up. Dalton thought she would tend to the animal’s immediate needs and then release ____5____ outside. But once the hare ____6____ (bring) inside her house, she became first its caretaker and later its protector. Hares are not meant to be pets. And Dalton never forced this hare to become one. When the hare was well enough to return to the outside world. Dalton let it go. The hare kept coming back. Dalton left her door open____7____ _____ ________ the animal could come and go like an adult child with a driver’s license. The loose arrangement created an unusual bond: the hare became so comfortable in Dalton’s home that it gave birth ____8____ baby hares behind a curtain in her study. Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries, which allowed them ____9____ (coexist) peacefully. And it was difficult for Dalton not to see admirable human qualities in her woolly housemate: patience, dignity, calm and strength among them. These qualities are in conflict with _____10_____ the hare is typically described in children’s literature. Think, for instance, if the animal’s overconfidence in Aesop’s The Tortoise and the Hare. Dalton’s story is a deep dive into the biology of the animal and an insightful look at its role in the animal-human world. 题组二 名校试题 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Colors Matter: What Bright Clothing Says About the Wearer We all notice bright colors. People who choose to go vibrant, whether they express themselves through clothes or accessories, hear everything from, “No one is going to miss you at the party” to, “I would never have the guts 1 (put) that on.” But according to research, those comments may be both accurate and expected. Adam D．Pazda and Christopher A．Thorstenson examined 2 we perceive people at first impression who wear bright colors. They specifically examined the effect of chroma — defined as “the colorfulness of an area judged as a proportion of the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears white or highly transmitting.” 3 practical terms, the quantity of hue (颜色) content or color intensity. They found that targets, both male and female, who 4 (wear) or surrounded by high-chroma colors were perceived as more open and extraverted than in a low-chroma setting. They concluded that chroma is a variable (变量) of perception that 5 influence first impressions of personality. 6 (drill) down further, examining evidence deduced through a meta-analysis across all experiments, they found that high-chroma colors enhanced viewer perspective of openness and extraversion, but not other traits: such as emotional stability, agreeableness, or conscientiousness. These observations are important because some job responsibilities capitalize on some of the traits inferred through bright colors. Pazda and Thorstenson recognize what job seekers no doubt consider 7 they look for a career to match their personal disposition (性格)：in some occupations, success is fueled by possessing certain personality traits. They give examples of industries such as sales and marketing as well as customer service as domains 8 extraverts thrive. Accordingly, applicants for these positions may be viewed more favorably and judged as more competent if they wear highly chromatic clothing. Regarding the generality of their results, Pazda and Thorstenson note that one of the limitations of their study was their use of participants living in the United States, which means their findings may not predict results in other cultures. They note the possibility that chroma may influence the perception of personality traits differently in non-Western countries, and that high-chroma clothing may be perceived as diverging from social norms in other cultures. The practical takeaway, at least in the United States, appears to be that bright colors, like the peacock’s tail, will get you 9 (notice). But depending on your goals, consider 10 (tailor) your chroma to the circumstances, personally and professionally. Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Stammerer I was walking to my home in Toronto when a well-dressed man politely stopped me to ask for directions. “Could you tell me which way to Bloor and...” He struggled to get the next word out, a pained look on his face, but I knew better than 11 (finish) his sentence for him. “... Bathurst?” he said after several seconds of straining. When I started to answer, he told me that he didn’t actually need to know. He 12 (practice) stammering (口吃) openly, he explained, hoping to become more confident doing so around strangers. I lit up with excitement. “Are you doing that because it’s National Stammering Awareness Day?” I asked, always eager to connect with other people who stammer. When the man asked how I knew that, I said that I grew up with a stammer. He nodded, looking a bit wistful: “And I suppose your stammer has magically disappeared since then?” His question gave me pause. While it’s true that my stammer was more noticeable when I was a child, this was partially 13 I’d since found workarounds for difficult words and sounds, helping me hide the worst of it. When I answered his question, I opted for 14 (simple) explanation: that I had grown out of my stammer. But was this true? Most people who meet me don’t notice my stammer, or, if they do, they chalk it up to shyness or insecurity. While most of the time I don’t stammer overtly (明显地), many of my choices are still guided by a deep fear of disfluency. Stammerers like me, those who can pass as reasonably fluent, are called ”covert“ stammerers, 15 (mean) that the most prominent features of our stammers aren’t the overt ones — the syllable repetition, prolonged sounds and vocal blocks usually associated with stammering — but the things we do to hide them. Vocal disfluency can deeply impact a person’s decisions. For example, most stammerers have difficulty saying their names. When asked my name, I always respond with a rushed “My name is Isabel,” 16 just “Isabel,” a trick that usually works, even if it often sounds clunky and awkward. My worst nightmare is a circle of strangers saying their names one at a time. Despite being a social person, I generally avoid situations 17 I have to meet many new people at once. This common experience for stammerers 18 complicate our social and professional lives. “I can only imagine how many people think I’m an aloof (冷漠的) person based on how rarely I introduce myself to someone new,” says Sophia Stewart, a Brooklyn-based journalist who has written about her covert stammer. “Mostly I just don’t introduce myself 19 it is absolutely necessary. I try not to think about how many   20 (miss) opportunities and bad first impressions this has resulted in.” Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Climate Change Is Causing Sleep Loss High nighttime temperatures led to 5% more hours of sleep lost worldwide over the past five years compared to the period between 1986 and 2005, according to the latest edition of the Lancet’s study of climate and health. It is the first time the prestigious medical journal 21 (examine) this metric. Sleep loss peaked in 2023, the hottest year on record, 22 there was a 6% rise. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown on health and climate change report, 23 (author) by 122 global experts, found that high temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly impacting people’s health. In 2023, a record 512 billion potential hours of labor were lost globally due to high temperatures. Heat-related deaths in people over the age of 65 reached the highest levels on record, 167% higher in 24 1990s. In many places, nighttime temperatures are rising faster than daytime temperatures. 25 impacting sleep, overheating at night reduces the body’s ability to cool down and recover from the heat of the day, 26 (worsen) heat wave deaths, especially among people with pre-existing heart and respiratory problems. The study used historic sleep-tracking and temperature data 27 (estimate) the effects on sleep from high nighttime temperatures across different years. 28 (big) increases in lost sleep were in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. Even in more temperate climates, overheating at night can be exacerbated by poor building design 29 leaves indoor temperatures warmer than outdoor temperatures. Buildings can be equipped with air-conditioning or better shaded to reduce 30 they heat up during the day. Power demand from air conditioning use is expected to triple by 2050. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空之有提示词 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 知识解构 知识点1 动词的时态 知识点2 动词的语态 知识点3 主谓一致 考向破译 考向 1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 考向02 考查隐含时间关系的时态 考向 3 考查动词的被动语态 考向04 考查主谓一致 考点二 考查非谓语动词 知识解构 知识点1 不定式 知识点2 动名词 知识点3 分词 考向破译 考向01 非谓语动词作状语 考向02 非谓语动词作定语 考向03 非谓语动词作补语 考点三 考查形容词、副词比较等级 知识解构 知识点1 形容词、副词的比较等级 知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级句型 考向破译 考向 考查形容词、副词的比较等级及句型 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 语法填空之有提示词填空 年份 卷别 有提示词 无提示词 谓语 非谓语 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 情态动词 并列句 状从 定从 名从 2024 1月春考 2 3 0 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 1 6月高考 2 2 1 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 1 2023 1月春考 1 3 1 1 1 1 　 0 1　 1 0 6月高考 2 2 0 1 1 0 　 1 1 1 1 2022 1月春考 1 3 0 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 2 6月高考 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一、 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 知●识●解●构 知识点1 动词的时态 一、确定作谓语 分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。 若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； (2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态； (3)根据人称和数，确保主谓一致。 二、确定时态 1.根据具体的时间状语：常见的时态的时间状语标志词 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等 一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等 现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等 过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等 2.根据具并列关系： 考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。 3.根据常用句式定时态： (1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 (3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 (4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 (7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。 知识点2 动词的语态 1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 1) 一般现在：am/is/are done 2) 一般过去：was/were done 3) 现在进行：am/is/are being done 4) 过去进行：was/were being done 5) 现在完成：have/has been done 6) 过去完成：had been done 7) 一般将来：will be done 8) 情态被动：情态动词 + be done 2.主动表被动 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； (2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； 知识点3 主谓一致 项目 主语 谓语动词 语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of＋复数可数名词 单数 复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数 (together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致　　 意义 一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致　 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Researchers (3)______ (study) social media habits for decades, and it turns out they'redriven by simple psychological rewards. 【答案】 3. have been studying/have studied 考查动词时态。句意：研究人员研究社交媒体习惯已经数十年了。根据时间状语“for decades”（数十年来）和主句“it turns out...”所体现的“研究结果至今有效”的语境，此处强调研究动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续，应使用现在完成进行时“have been studying”或现在完成时“have studied”。故填have been studying / have studied。 （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） By the 18th century, smallpox ____2____ (become) particularly deadly. One in five people who caught it died. It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. 【答案】 2. had become 考查时态。句意：到了18世纪，天花变得特别致命。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语By the 18th century可知，句子用过去完成时态，描述过去的过去，其结构为had done。故填had become。 （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） In 2014, Dr. Kang Lee, a scientist at the University of Toronto in Canada who studies how young people’s brains work, ____3____ (propose) a different theory. 【答案】 3. proposed 考查动词时态。句意：2014年，加拿大多伦多大学研究青少年大脑运作的科学家李康博士提出了另一种理论。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In 2014可知，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，所以用proposed。故填proposed。 【变式训练】 1．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has made 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我国在许多领域都取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语so far，此处应用现在完成时态，主语为our country，为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填：has made。 2．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ordered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：例如，前几天我在网上订购了一台数码相机，节省了大约50美元。分析句子可知，order是谓语动词，由the other day可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填ordered。 考向2 考查隐含时间关系的时态 （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who ____2____ (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long ____3____ he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province. 【答案】 2. had won 考查时态。句意：1943年，她的父亲当时还是一位在法国赢得过多枚奖牌的有前途的艺术家，在阅读了有关敦煌洞窟艺术的文章后，决心为敦煌做出贡献。根据时间状语In 1943以及语境可知，win这一动作发生在made up his mind之前，是过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had won。 （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） After a disastrous fire, this ancient site is now fully restored. On April 15, 2019, the people of Paris, France, were shocked to see the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral in flames. The cathedral ____1____ (stand) for hundreds of years, but the fire nearly destroyed it. Hundreds of firefighters fought to save the building, but the fire still did extensive damage. 【答案】1. had stood 考查时态。句意：这座大教堂已经矗立了数百年，但这场大火几乎将其摧毁。根据语境可知，stand这一动作发生在“the fire nearly destroyed it”之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had stood。 （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Once a film version doesn’t match our imagined images, disappointment follows. We might find ourselves thinking, “That’s not how I ____4____ (picture) it.” 【答案】 4. have pictured##pictured 考查现在完成时。句意：我们可能会想：“这可不是我原本一直想象的样子。” 此处强调从过去阅读开始到现在，心中一直存在的那个“想象”，与现在的电影画面形成对比，需用现在完成时强调动作的持续或对现在的影响。也可以表示过去的想象，用一般过去时。故填have pictured/pictured。 分析：无显性时间词，隐含逻辑：“看书时想象画面” 发生在 “现在看电影失望” 之前；可用一般过去时（单纯过去动作）或现在完成时（过去想象对现在产生影响）。 【变式训练】 1．Jason set up a plan that in five years he (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would show 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，故填would show。 2．The news came as no surprise to me. I (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had known 【详解】考查时态。句意：这个消息对我来说并不意外。我早就知道那家工厂要倒闭了。know这一动作先于came这一过去的动作发生，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填had known。 3．Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has heard 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从最近引起媒体关注以来，Woon已经从包括美国在内的10个国家的度假村和餐馆听到了消息。根据时间状语“Since it drew recent media attention”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为Woon，谓语为单数形式。故填has heard。 考向3 考查动词的被动语态 （2025~2026学年金山区二模） Many brands own special skills and secret recipes, which are valuable cultural heritage. Theywill be visually presented throughout the carnival. For example, Tongrentang's traditional Chinesemedicine processing techniques (5)__________ (demonstrate) on site. 【答案】 5. will be demonstrated 考查动词时态和语态。句意：例如，同仁堂的中药炮制技术将在现场展示。主语“techniques”与“demonstrate”之间构成被动关系（技术被展示），且根据“on site”和上下文，动作发生在将来（嘉年华期间），应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be demonstrated。 （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） A red horse toy produced by Happy Sister in the city of Yiwu in the east of China (1) ________ (mean) to wear a broad smile, but a factory error meant it hit the shops, wearing a worried look. 【答案】1. was meant/had been meant 考查固定搭配和时态语态。句意：中国东部义乌市“快乐姐姐”生产的一款红色马玩具本应带着灿烂的笑容，但由于工厂失误，它带着担忧的表情流入市场。固定搭配be meant to do sth. 表示“本应做某事”；结合后文“but a factory error meant it hit the shops”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语a red horse toy为单数，故填was meant；也可表示“在工厂失误之前就本应带着笑容”，用过去完成时的被动语态，填had been meant。故填was meant/had been meant。 （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） The procedure itself was remarkably delicate. It involved mapping the patient's existing neural pathways, synthesizing a personalized memory template (模板), and embedding it through a series of precisely timed electrical pulses. These artificial memory traces (2)_______ (standardize) to integrate seamlessly (无缝地) with the subject's authentic recollections. 答案: 2. were standardized 考查时态语态。句意：这些人工记忆痕迹被标准化，以无缝融入受试者的真实记忆。主语 traces 与 standardize 为被动关系，结合全文过去时语境，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were standardized。 【变式训练】 1.After growing for four months, the peppers ______ (harvest) on Friday. When the vegetables were ready to eat, the astronauts also completed a sensory assessment. 【答案】．were harvested 【解析】．考查时态语态。句意：经过四个月的生长，这些辣椒于周五收获。主语peppers与谓语harvest构成被动关系，且根据后文on Friday可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were harvested。 2.Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident ____ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. 【答案】has used 【解析】．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的六年里，这位40岁的上海居民用茶和勺子在古画的基础上创作了近200个图案。根据句意和所给动词use分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状语over the past six years可知，该句子应该用现在完成时；再根据主语the 40-year-old Shanghai resident可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has used。 3.It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 【答案】is considered 【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 考向4 考查主谓一致 （2025·上海金山·二模） But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China 2 (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China 3 (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. 【答案】 2．demonstrates 3．were established 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但脱口秀在中国日益增长的受欢迎程度表明幽默无国界。demonstrate(表明)是谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是“the growing popularity”是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填demonstrates。 3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：另外两家中国脱口秀行业的领军机构分别于2014年和2017年成立。establish(建立)是谓语动词，与主语“Another two stand up comedy industry leaders”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 2014 and 2017 respectively”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，助动词用were。故填were established。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Sara Sami vividly recalls the first time she truly saw the stars. The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide 1 (search) for a spot in Saudi Arabia — a massive cliff overlooking a vast desert — when she unexpectedly found herself under an amazing night sky. 【答案】was searching 1．考查时态。句意：这位38岁的摄影师兼旅游导游正在沙特阿拉伯寻找一个地方——一个俯瞰广阔沙漠的巨大悬崖——这时她意外地发现自己在一个惊人的夜空下。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when…表示“正在做某事，这时……”，发生在过去的某个时刻用过去进行时，主语为The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide，谓语用单数。故填was searching。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. 【答案】counts/is counted 7．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如果你发现转移注意力能让你放松，而且之后担忧的事情也没有再浮现，那就说明这样做是有效的。由find可知，句子时态用一般现在时，sth. count as/sth. be counted as是固定短语，意为“某物可以算作/某物被认为是”，that作主语谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是counts/is counted。故填counts/is counted。 【变式训练】 1.As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history. 【答案】has been associated 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：蛇，作为中国十二生肖中第六个动物，在历史上一直与智慧、直觉和变革联系在一起。根据over history可知，associate“联系”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，本句时态用现在完成时，且主语The Snake与associate为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been associated。 考点二、 提示词是动词—考查动词的非谓语形式 知●识●解●构 知识点1 不定式 1. 构成 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done /被动 to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 2. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 3. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 4. It happened to be raining when I got there. 注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用不定 式。 注意②expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如： I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。 I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。 I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。 2．用法 To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语/形式主语） He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语） I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语） His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语） On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语） She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语） The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities. 知识点2 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written ★ 必背动词 admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 forbid 禁止 consider考虑 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 propose 建议 resume 继续 ban 禁止 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 keep 继续 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 recommend推荐 advise建议 involve涉及 mention提及 resist 抵制 permit 默许 allow 允许 ★ 必背句型 The children are busy (in) doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。 There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam. 知识点3 分词 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1. The child standing over there is my brother． 2. Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends. 3. His remark left me wondering what he was driving at. 4. Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 5. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 6. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together. 7. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 8. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查不定式用法 （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） These little reminders are meant (2)______ (keep) you motivated, but after a while, keeping upwith them can be tiring. No wonder people start asking: why do these habits form so easily, andcan they actually be broken? 【答案】 2. to keep 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些小小的提醒旨在让你保持动力。固定短语“be meant to do sth.”意为“旨在做某事，目的是……”。故填to keep。 （2025~2026学年金山区二模） This will bring traditionaltechniques from workshops to the public and stimulate the willingness (6) __________(learn) and pass them on. 【答案】 6. to learn 考查非谓语动词（不定式作定语）。句意：这将把传统技艺从作坊带到公众面前，并激发学习和传承它们的意愿。名词“willingness”后常接不定式作定语，意为“做……的意愿”。故填to learn。 （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Andthis discovery suggests that (6)__________(strengthen) our ability to maintain attention, we should trainour mind to activate more processing power when facing tasks 【答案】 6. to strengthen 考查非谓语动词（不定式作目的状语）。句意：这一发现表明，为了增强我们保持注意力的能力，我们应该训练我们的大脑在面对任务时激活更多的处理能力。分析句子结构，“______ (strengthen) our ability...”在句中作目的状语，意为“为了增强……”，应使用不定式形式。故填to strengthen。 【变式训练】 1．They hurried to the water, only (find) a baby seal there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to find 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：他们匆忙赶到水边，却发现那里有一只小海豹。句子已有谓语动词hurried，本空需要用非谓语动词。only to do结构是不定式作结果状语，用来表示一种意料之外的结果，本空用find“发现”的不定式。故填to find。 2． (engage) myself in the local atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To engage 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了融入当地的氛围， 我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了融入当地的氛围”。该空位于句首，首字母大写。故填To engage。 3．Her father, the first person from Hunan Province (reach) the summit of Qomolangma, greatly (influence) her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 to reach influenced 【详解】考查不定式和时态。句意：她的父亲是第一位登上珠穆朗玛峰的湖南人，极大地影响了她。person有序数词first修饰，用reach“到达”的不定式，作后置定语。本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，第二空用influence“影响”的过去式，作谓语。故填①to reach；②influenced。 考向2 考查动名词用法 （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped ____6____ (fund) the Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission. 【答案】6. funding 考查非谓语动词。句意：更糟糕的是，战争期间，政府停止了对敦煌艺术研究院的资助。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填funding。 （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Exercise is necessary for good health, but people in blue zones generally do not set aside time for exercise ___7___(plan) specifically for fitness, such as going to the gym. 【答案】 7. planned 考查非谓语动词。句意：锻炼对健康是必要的，但蓝色地带的人们通常不会专门为健身而留出时间锻炼，比如去健身房。空处非谓语动词，plan和逻辑主语exercise之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式planned作后置定语。故填planned。 （2025~2026学年静安区二模） “___8___ (work) with Amini goes toward HP’s efforts to have an enduring impact,” says Jim Nottingham, senior vice president & division president of HP’s Advanced Compute & Solutions business. 【答案】8. Working 考查非谓语动词。句意：惠普高级计算与解决方案业务部的高级副总裁兼部门总裁吉姆·诺丁汉表示：“与阿米尼合作有助于实现惠普的持久影响。”作主语，用动名词，首字母大写。故填Working。 【变式训练】 1．His (laugh) at in the presence of all his friends made him annoyed.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being laughed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在所有朋友面前被嘲笑，这使他很生气。此处为动名词的复合结构作主语，结合语境可知，他是被嘲笑的，需用动名词的被动语态。故填being laughed。 2．They all appreciated (give) the opportunity to go abroad for further study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being given 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们都很感激有机会出国深造。appreciate doing sth.“感激做某事”，动名词作宾语。此处表示“他们感激被给了机会”，所以需要动名词的被动形式，即being done的结构。故填being given。 3．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being forced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当然，在家进行循环利用是非常重要的。然而，被迫回收利用通常意味着我们已经有了比我们需要的更多的材料。分析可知，设空处为主语，应用动名词形式，根据上下文意思可知是被迫的意思，所以用动名词的被动结构，故填being forced。 考向3 考查分词用法 （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Those signs of spring also signal to many that it’s time to conduct a thorough cleaning in their house, a tradition with roots ____1____ (date) back to ancient times, symbolizing the transition from the hibernating (冬眠) winter season to the dynamic growth of spring. 【答案】1. dating 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些春天的迹象也向许多人传递出一个信息：是时候对自家进行一次彻底的清扫了。这一传统可以追溯到古代，象征着从冬眠般的冬季到充满活力的春季的转变。此处root与date为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating。 （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） Since the 16th century, there had been inoculation ____5____ (practise) widely in China, the Middle East and Turkey. It involved a person being given a controlled dose (剂量) of the disease. 【答案】 5. practised 考查非谓语动词。句意：自16世纪以来，接种在中国、中东和土耳其广泛实行。本句已有谓语动词had been，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；逻辑主语inoculation和practise之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填practised。 （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Exercise is necessary for good health, but people in blue zones generally do not set aside time for exercise ___7___(plan) specifically for fitness, such as going to the gym. 【答案】 7. planned 考查非谓语动词。句意：锻炼对健康是必要的，但蓝色地带的人们通常不会专门为健身而留出时间锻炼，比如去健身房。空处非谓语动词，plan和逻辑主语exercise之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式planned作后置定语。故填planned。 【变式训练】 1．The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history (date) back to 1455. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土耳其伊斯坦布尔的大巴扎有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1455年。date back to表示“追溯到”，本句谓语为has，此处为非谓语动词，且history与date back to为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填dating。 2． (expose) to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管暴露在寒冷的天气中，许多勇敢的游客和科学家仍然选择去南极洲旅游。本句谓语为choose，此处为非谓语动词，且expose“使暴露”与逻辑主语many brave tourists and scientists为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Exposed。 3．By contrast, “loong”, a word （create）in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】created 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：相比之下，“龙”，一个19世纪创造的词，让人想起力量和财富，应该与它的西方表亲区分开来。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语reminds，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰word， word 和create二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语在句中作后置定语。故填created。 4．Often ________ (find) sitting on a ticket gate, Milo greeted commuters and brought smiles to all she encountered, making the spring morning a little brighter. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】found 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Milo经常被发现坐在检票口，向上下班往返的人打招呼，并给她遇到的所有人带来微笑，使春天的早晨变得更加明亮。本句谓语为greeted，此处为非谓语动词，且Milo与find“发现”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，表示被动。故填found。 考点三、 提示词为形容词、副词 —考查形容词、副词比较等级 知●识●解●构 知识点1 形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(＋­er/­est)转换 以­e结尾 ＋­r/­st late—later—latest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变－y为i，＋­er/­est early—earlier—earliest 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母＋­er/est big—bigger—biggest 多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful (1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 知识点2 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型 (1)同级比较 ①as＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as... “和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as... “和……不一样” ②当as... as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n. ＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as... (2)比较级 “形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。 the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词/代词“两者中较……的”。 Who is the younger of the two boys? 这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个？ 介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in；如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。 修饰比较等级的副词：much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。 (3)最高级 ①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。 ②最高级的其他表达法 否定词＋比较级 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than anything/anyone else 有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，故不与than连用，如be senior to等。 (4)含有比较等级的特殊句型 ①the＋adj. /adv. 比较级， the＋adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……，越……” ②adj. /adv. 比较级＋and＋adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……” ③the＋adj. 比较级＋of the two＋名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个” ④no more than“仅仅”， not more than“至多；不超过” ⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……” ⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……” ⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……” ⑧倍数句型 A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型 （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） However, spring cleaning may have more to do with biology. Some studies suggest more sunlight increases our wakefulness because we produce less melatonin, a chemical that makes us sleepy. Melatonin causes us to become ____6____ (willing) to refresh our space. 【答案】6. less willing 考查比较级。句意：褪黑素会使我们变得不那么愿意去整理和清洁自己的空间了。结合句意“褪黑素让人困倦，因此更不愿意打扫空间”，用比较级，在前面加less。故填less willing。 （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） It offered a way to truly walk in another's shoes, fostering a depth of compassion which was previously unattainable—a shared cognitive ground that promised to unite rather than divide, making those who underwent it feel (10) _______ (deeply) connected to the breadth of human experience than those who didn’t. 答案:10. more deeply 考查副词比较级。句意：它提供了一种真正换位思考的方式，培养了前所未有的共情深度 —— 这种共通的认知纽带有望凝聚而非分裂，让接受过手术的人比未接受者更深刻地感受到与人类广博经验的联结。句中 than 提示用比较级，deeply 为副词，比较级为 more deeply。故填 more deeply。 （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Have you ever noticed yourself stuck in a streak on a social media app? Maybe you'repracticing a language daily, or posting your (1)______ (late) achievements for friends to see. 【答案】1. latest 考查形容词最高级。句意：也许你每天都在练习一门语言，或者发布你最新的成就给朋友们看。此处修饰名词“achievements”，表示“最新的成就”，应使用形容词“late”的最高级形式“latest”。故填latest。 【变式训练】 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：机器学习现在能够完成极其复杂的任务。根据“tasks”可知需要用形容词来修饰名词，根据上文的far以及句意可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more complex。 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most wonderful 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句子中“I have ever attended”可知，此句表示“我听过的最精彩的讲座”即一定范围内的最高级形式。“wonderful”是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“the most”，即“the most wonderful”，故填the most wonderful。 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most attractive 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：比赛要求被选中的笑者面对面，观众决定谁笑得最吸引人。分析句子含义可知，本句表示“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要形容词最高级形式。故填the most attractive。 4．If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with (little) money and (few) people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 less fewer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：如果我们按照他的计划，我们可以用更少的钱和更少的人把工作做得更好。分析句子结构可知，结合空前better可推知，空处应用比较级与此对应，根据句意，所以空处应依次填less，修饰不可数名词money；fewer修饰people。故填①less；②fewer。 5．Another study, conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】less likely 【详解】考查形容词和固定搭配。句意：另一项由哥伦比亚大学国家成瘾和药物滥用中心进行的研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或更多的孩子不太可能出现毒品和酒精问题。结合句意空处应填less likely，be less likely to do sth.意为“不太可能做某事”，固定搭配。故填less likely。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 语篇填空 (2025年上海高考试题) She rescued a hare(野兔) and then they bonded One morning, Sally Dalton, a speechwriter, was walking down a path when she heard the bark of a dog. She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare ____1____ seemed to be struggling. The animal, no longer than the width of her hand, ____2____ (lie) on its stomach with its eyes open and its short, silky ears held tightly against its back. The most likely explanation for its ____3____ (expose) position was that it had been chased, picked up and dropped by the dog she’d heard, and had ended up lost on the track. Dalton was at a crossroads. She knew that ____4____ (pick) up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome. She picked it up. Dalton thought she would tend to the animal’s immediate needs and then release ____5____ outside. But once the hare ____6____ (bring) inside her house, she became first its caretaker and later its protector. Hares are not meant to be pets. And Dalton never forced this hare to become one. When the hare was well enough to return to the outside world. Dalton let it go. The hare kept coming back. Dalton left her door open____7____ _____ ________ the animal could come and go like an adult child with a driver’s license. The loose arrangement created an unusual bond: the hare became so comfortable in Dalton’s home that it gave birth ____8____ baby hares behind a curtain in her study. Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries, which allowed them ____9____ (coexist) peacefully. And it was difficult for Dalton not to see admirable human qualities in her woolly housemate: patience, dignity, calm and strength among them. These qualities are in conflict with _____10_____ the hare is typically described in children’s literature. Think, for instance, if the animal’s overconfidence in Aesop’s The Tortoise and the Hare. Dalton’s story is a deep dive into the biology of the animal and an insightful look at its role in the animal-human world. 【答案】1. that##which 2. was lying 3. exposed 4. picking 5. it 6. was brought 7. in order that 8. to 9. to coexist 10. how 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了撰稿人萨莉救下一只遇险的幼野兔，照料后放生，野兔却常回来。她敞门相待，野兔在她家产崽，二者在尊重边界中和谐共处，这段经历颠覆了野兔在文学中的刻板形象。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：她什么也没想，直到她看到一只似乎在挣扎的小野兔。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a baby hare（指动物），先行词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that 或 which引导。故填that/which。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这只动物只有她的手掌那么宽，正趴着，眼睛睁着，短而柔软的耳朵紧紧贴在背上。此处为描述萨莉当时看到野兔的状态，用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。主语 the animal是单数，所以填was lying。故填was lying。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对于它暴露的位置，最可能的解释是，它被她听到的那只狗追逐、捡起又扔在地上，最后在小路上迷路了。此处需要形容词修饰名词position，expose的形容词形式exposed 意为“无遮蔽的；暴露的”，符合语境。故填exposed。 【4题详解】 考查动名词。句意：她知道捡起那只动物可能弊大于利，但把它留在那里可能会导致同样不受欢迎的结果。knew that后接宾语从句，从句中需要主语，动词pick需变为动名词形式 picking，表示“捡起这个动物”的行为。故填picking。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：道尔顿认为她应该先满足这只动物的迫切需要，然后再把它放出去。分析句子可知，此处指代前文提到的 the hare，作动词release的宾语，用代词 it。故填it。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：但是，一旦野兔被带到她的房子里，她就开始成为它的看护人，后来成为它的保护者。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语the hare和动词bring是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was brought。 【7题详解】 考查目的状语从句。句意：道尔顿让她的门开着，这样这只动物就可以像一个拿着驾照的成年孩子一样来去自如。空格后是完整的句子，表达“让野兔能自由进出”的目的，所以此处为连词in order that 表示“以便，目的是”引导目的状语从句，符合逻辑。故填in order that。 【8题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：这种松散的安排创造了一种不同寻常的联系：野兔在道尔顿的家里变得如此舒适，以至于在她书房的窗帘后面生下了小野兔。此处为固定短语give birth to，意为 “生育；产下”，所以填介词 to。故填to。 【9题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：道尔顿和野兔学会了尊重彼此的边界，这使他们能够和平共处。固定用法allow sb./sth. to do sth.，意为 “允许某人/某物做某事”，因此填动词不定式to coexist。故填to coexist。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这些品质与儿童文学中对野兔的典型描述是相冲突的。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词with 的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，意为“野兔在儿童文学中通常被如何描述”，所以为连接副词how引导。故填how。 题组二 名校试题 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Colors Matter: What Bright Clothing Says About the Wearer We all notice bright colors. People who choose to go vibrant, whether they express themselves through clothes or accessories, hear everything from, “No one is going to miss you at the party” to, “I would never have the guts 1 (put) that on.” But according to research, those comments may be both accurate and expected. Adam D．Pazda and Christopher A．Thorstenson examined 2 we perceive people at first impression who wear bright colors. They specifically examined the effect of chroma — defined as “the colorfulness of an area judged as a proportion of the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears white or highly transmitting.” 3 practical terms, the quantity of hue (颜色) content or color intensity. They found that targets, both male and female, who 4 (wear) or surrounded by high-chroma colors were perceived as more open and extraverted than in a low-chroma setting. They concluded that chroma is a variable (变量) of perception that 5 influence first impressions of personality. 6 (drill) down further, examining evidence deduced through a meta-analysis across all experiments, they found that high-chroma colors enhanced viewer perspective of openness and extraversion, but not other traits: such as emotional stability, agreeableness, or conscientiousness. These observations are important because some job responsibilities capitalize on some of the traits inferred through bright colors. Pazda and Thorstenson recognize what job seekers no doubt consider 7 they look for a career to match their personal disposition (性格)：in some occupations, success is fueled by possessing certain personality traits. They give examples of industries such as sales and marketing as well as customer service as domains 8 extraverts thrive. Accordingly, applicants for these positions may be viewed more favorably and judged as more competent if they wear highly chromatic clothing. Regarding the generality of their results, Pazda and Thorstenson note that one of the limitations of their study was their use of participants living in the United States, which means their findings may not predict results in other cultures. They note the possibility that chroma may influence the perception of personality traits differently in non-Western countries, and that high-chroma clothing may be perceived as diverging from social norms in other cultures. The practical takeaway, at least in the United States, appears to be that bright colors, like the peacock’s tail, will get you 9 (notice). But depending on your goals, consider 10 (tailor) your chroma to the circumstances, personally and professionally. 【答案】 1．to put 2．how 3．In 4．were wearing 5．can 6．Drilling 7．as/when 8．where 9．noticed 10．tailoring 【来源】上海市实验学校2024-2025学年度第二学期高三2月月考英语试题 【导语】文章主要讲述了鲜亮色彩会影响他人对穿着者性格的第一印象。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。​句意：选择走鲜亮风格的人，无论他们是通过服装还是配饰来展现自我，都会听到各种各样的评价，从“派对上没人会注意不到你”到“我可绝对没勇气穿上那身行头”。此处为固定搭配have the guts to do sth.，意为“有胆量做某事”，故需用动词不定式作后置定语。 2．考查宾语从句。​句意：Adam D. Pazda和Christopher A. Thorstenson研究了我们对身着鲜艳色彩的人第一印象是如何感知的。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，意为“如何”，所以用连接副词how引导该从句。 3．考查介词。​句意：用实际术语来说，就是色调内容的含量或颜色强度。此处为固定搭配in practical terms，意为“从实际角度来看”，句首单词首字母大写。 4．考查动词时态。句意：无论是男性还是女性，身穿高彩度颜色或被高彩度颜色围绕的目标对象，比在低彩度环境中被认为更加开放和外向。根据主句谓语found可知，从句描述过去的状况；且wear与主语targets构成主动关系，强调当时正穿着的状态，应用过去进行时，be动词用were。 5．考查情态动词。​ 句意：他们得出结论，彩度是感知的一个变量，能够影响对他人性格的第一印象。根据空后动词原形influence及语境可知，此处表示“能够，可以”，需用情态动词can，表客观可能性。 6．考查非谓语动词。​ 句意：进一步深入探究，通过对所有实验的元分析来检验证据，他们发现高彩度颜色增强了观察者对于开放性和外向性的看法，但对其他特质（如情绪稳定性、亲和力和尽责性）则无此效果。空处需用非谓语动词作状语，drill和逻辑主语they之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语；且位于句首，首字母需大写。 7．考查状语从句。​ 句意：Pazda和Thorstenson认识到了求职者在寻找匹配自身性格的职业时无疑会考虑到的问题：在某些职业中，成功源于具备特定的性格特质。根据空后“they look for a career to match their personal disposition”可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，应用连词as或when引导该从句。 8．考查定语从句。​ 句意：他们举了销售、市场营销以及客户服务等行业的例子，将其作为外向者能够茁壮成长的领域。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词domains，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 9．考查非谓语动词。​ 句意：至少在美国，实际的结论是，像孔雀的尾巴一样，鲜艳的色彩会让你引人注目。此处为“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，you与notice是被动关系（你被注意到），故需用过去分词作宾补。 10．考查非谓语动词。​ 句意：但根据你的目标，考虑根据你的个人和职业环境来调整色彩的彩度。consider doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”，故需用动名词作宾语。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Stammerer I was walking to my home in Toronto when a well-dressed man politely stopped me to ask for directions. “Could you tell me which way to Bloor and...” He struggled to get the next word out, a pained look on his face, but I knew better than 11 (finish) his sentence for him. “... Bathurst?” he said after several seconds of straining. When I started to answer, he told me that he didn’t actually need to know. He 12 (practice) stammering (口吃) openly, he explained, hoping to become more confident doing so around strangers. I lit up with excitement. “Are you doing that because it’s National Stammering Awareness Day?” I asked, always eager to connect with other people who stammer. When the man asked how I knew that, I said that I grew up with a stammer. He nodded, looking a bit wistful: “And I suppose your stammer has magically disappeared since then?” His question gave me pause. While it’s true that my stammer was more noticeable when I was a child, this was partially 13 I’d since found workarounds for difficult words and sounds, helping me hide the worst of it. When I answered his question, I opted for 14 (simple) explanation: that I had grown out of my stammer. But was this true? Most people who meet me don’t notice my stammer, or, if they do, they chalk it up to shyness or insecurity. While most of the time I don’t stammer overtly (明显地), many of my choices are still guided by a deep fear of disfluency. Stammerers like me, those who can pass as reasonably fluent, are called ”covert“ stammerers, 15 (mean) that the most prominent features of our stammers aren’t the overt ones — the syllable repetition, prolonged sounds and vocal blocks usually associated with stammering — but the things we do to hide them. Vocal disfluency can deeply impact a person’s decisions. For example, most stammerers have difficulty saying their names. When asked my name, I always respond with a rushed “My name is Isabel,” 16 just “Isabel,” a trick that usually works, even if it often sounds clunky and awkward. My worst nightmare is a circle of strangers saying their names one at a time. Despite being a social person, I generally avoid situations 17 I have to meet many new people at once. This common experience for stammerers 18 complicate our social and professional lives. “I can only imagine how many people think I’m an aloof (冷漠的) person based on how rarely I introduce myself to someone new,” says Sophia Stewart, a Brooklyn-based journalist who has written about her covert stammer. “Mostly I just don’t introduce myself 19 it is absolutely necessary. I try not to think about how many   20 (miss) opportunities and bad first impressions this has resulted in.” 【答案】 11．to finish 12．was practicing 13．because 14．the simplest 15．meaning 16．rather than 17．where 18．can 19．unless 20．missed 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级月考试卷英语学科 【导语】作者结合自身经历，讲述了隐性口吃者的日常困扰、自我掩饰方式以及口吃对社交和生活带来的负面影响。 【详解】11．考查非谓语动词。句意：他费力地想说出下一个词，脸上露出痛苦的神情，但我很清楚不该替他说完这句话。固定结构better than to do sth.表示“不该做某事”，此处需填入动词不定式。 12．考查动词时态。句意：他解释道，他当时正在公开练习口吃，希望能在陌生人面前变得更加自信。此处为主句谓语，结合上下文语境，男子当时正在进行练习的动作，应用过去进行时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语用was practicing。 13．考查表语从句。句意：诚然，我小时候的口吃更明显，但这部分是因为我后来找到了应对难读单词和发音的变通方法，帮我掩盖了最严重的口吃状况。此处引导表语从句，结合句意，此处解释原因，应用连接词because。 14．考查形容词比较级。句意：当他问我这个问题时，我选择了最简单的解释：我的口吃随着成长自行消失了。结合语境，作者刻意挑选了最简单的说法，需用形容词最高级。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：像我这样可以伪装成说话基本流利的口吃者被称为“隐性”口吃者，这意味着我们口吃最显著的特征并非外在表现。本句已有谓语动词are called，此处为现在分词作结果状语，前面整句话与mean为主动关系，应用现在分词。 16．考查连词。句意：当被问到名字时，我总是急促地回答“我叫伊莎贝尔”，而不是只说“伊莎贝尔”，这个技巧通常管用，即便听起来常常生硬尴尬。根据上文“ For example, most stammerers have difficulty saying their names. ”可知，口吃的人很难只说自己的名字，因此当作者被问名字时她会回答“我叫伊莎贝尔”，而不是只说“伊莎贝尔”，表示“而不是”用rather than。 17．考查定语从句引导词。句意：尽管我擅长社交，但我通常会避开需要一次性认识很多陌生人的场合。此处为定语从句，先行词为situations，表抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 18．考查情态动词。句意：口吃者的这种普遍经历会困扰我们的社交和职业生活。结合语境，此处表示客观可能性，意为“会、可能”，用情态动词can。 19．考查连词。句意：大多数时候，除非绝对必要，否则我不会主动自我介绍。结合句意，此处表示“除非”，用unless引导条件状语从句。 20．考查形容词。句意：我尽量不去想这造成了多少错失的机会和糟糕的第一印象。此处修饰名词opportunities，需用形容词作定语，miss对应的形容词missed表示“错过的”。 Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Climate Change Is Causing Sleep Loss High nighttime temperatures led to 5% more hours of sleep lost worldwide over the past five years compared to the period between 1986 and 2005, according to the latest edition of the Lancet’s study of climate and health. It is the first time the prestigious medical journal 21 (examine) this metric. Sleep loss peaked in 2023, the hottest year on record, 22 there was a 6% rise. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown on health and climate change report, 23 (author) by 122 global experts, found that high temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly impacting people’s health. In 2023, a record 512 billion potential hours of labor were lost globally due to high temperatures. Heat-related deaths in people over the age of 65 reached the highest levels on record, 167% higher in 24 1990s. In many places, nighttime temperatures are rising faster than daytime temperatures. 25 impacting sleep, overheating at night reduces the body’s ability to cool down and recover from the heat of the day, 26 (worsen) heat wave deaths, especially among people with pre-existing heart and respiratory problems. The study used historic sleep-tracking and temperature data 27 (estimate) the effects on sleep from high nighttime temperatures across different years. 28 (big) increases in lost sleep were in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. Even in more temperate climates, overheating at night can be exacerbated by poor building design 29 leaves indoor temperatures warmer than outdoor temperatures. Buildings can be equipped with air-conditioning or better shaded to reduce 30 they heat up during the day. Power demand from air conditioning use is expected to triple by 2050. 【答案】 21．has examined 22．when 23．authored 24．the 25．As well as/In addition to 26．worsening 27．to estimate 28．The biggest 29．that/which 30．how much 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2024-2025学年度第二学期高三英语摸底考试英语试卷 【导语】本文主要介绍气候变化导致夜间升温，进而造成全球睡眠流失加剧，并阐述高温带来的各类健康与社会影响。 【详解】21．考查固定句型与时态。句意：这是这本知名医学期刊首次研究该项指标。在固定句型It is the first time that...中从句使用现在完成时，从句主语the prestigious medical journal为单数，谓语动词has examined。 22．考查定语从句。句意：睡眠流失量在有记录以来最热的2023年达到顶峰，在这一年睡眠流失率上升了百分之六。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为2023，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。 23．考查非谓语动词。句意：这份由122名全球专家撰写的第八期《柳叶刀健康与气候变化年度报告》发现，高温、干旱和强降雨正日益影响人类健康。本句已有谓语found，空处应用非谓语动词，report与author为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。 24．考查冠词。句意：65岁以上人群的高温相关死亡人数创下历史新高，比20世纪90年代高出167%。年代前必须加定冠词the，in the 1990s为固定表达，意为“在20世纪90年代”。 25．考查介词短语。句意：不仅（除了）影响睡眠，夜间过热还会降低身体降温以及从日间高温中恢复的能力。结合句意，此处表示“不仅”或“除……之外”，用as well as/in addition to。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：夜间过热还会降低身体降温以及从日间高温中恢复的能力，加剧热浪致死情况，尤其针对患有心脏和呼吸系统基础疾病的人群。句子已有谓语reduces，此处用非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究利用历史睡眠监测数据和温度数据，评估不同年份夜间高温对睡眠造成的影响。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”，此处用不定式作目的状语。 28．考查形容词最高级。句意：睡眠流失增幅最大的地区为中东和撒哈拉以南非洲地区。结合in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa可知，此处表示范围之内的最高程度，应用形容词最高级，且最高级前通常需加定冠词，句首单词首字母大写。 29．考查定语从句。句意：即便是在气候更温和的地区，不合理的建筑设计会加剧夜间过热，这类设计使得室内温度高于室外温度。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为building design（事物），定语从句缺少主语，可用关系代词that或which引导。 30．考查宾语从句。句意：建筑可以配备空调或更好的遮阳设施，以减少建筑在日间的升温幅度。此处作reduce的宾语从句，修饰升温程度，表示“多少、程度”，用how much。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $