精品解析：山西临汾市侯马市2025-2026学年第二学期期末考试八年级英语试题

2025–2026学年第二学期期末考试 八年级英语试题 注意事项： 1. 全卷共10页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。 2. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。 3. 答案全部在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 4. 考试结束后，提交答题卡。 听力部分（共20分） 一、情景反应（每小题1分，共5分） 本题共有五个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话。请从每小题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中，选出与你所听到的信息相关联的一项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. A. B. C. 2. A. B. C. 3. A. B. C. 4. A. B. C. 5. A. B. C. 二、对话理解（每小题1分，共5分） 本题共有五个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话和一个问题。请从每小题所给的A、B三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 6. A. Exciting. B. Fun. C. Terrible. 7. A. She was lying in bed. B. She was watching a movie. C. She was caring for her sister 8. A. He cut his fingers. B. He broke his arm. C. He cut his knee. 9. A. Jindu Park. B. Xintian Park. C. Huihe Park. 10. A. He felt sorry to hear the news about his work. B. He knew his painting would be in the art show. C. He was surprised at his achievement in painting. 三、语篇理解（每小题1分，共5分） 本题你将听到一个语篇，请根据所听内容和所提出的五个问题，从每小题所给的A、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 11. How did the speaker feel at the bus stop? A. Worried. B. Sad. C. Angry. 12. What did the speaker give the girl? A. A new phone. B. A beautiful flower. C. A lovely smile. 13. When did the speaker meet the girl again? A. On a rainy day. B. A few years later. C. Before a party. 14. Why did the girl cry on that day? A. Because the taxi hit her. B. Because she lost her phone. C. Because her best friend left her. 15. What can we learn from the passage? A. It’s not OK to waste time. B. Giving gifts helps make new friends. C. Even little acts of kindness cheer people up. 四、听力填空（每小题1分，共5分） 本题你将听到一个语篇，请根据所听内容，完成下面的句子，并将获取的信息写在答卡相应的位置上。每空一词。 2026 Book Reading Event in Jincheng Time On April ________, 2026 Theme (主题) The year 2026 was exactly the first year of the “National Reading Rules” This year’s event made use of Shanxi’s rich ________. Activities There were many activities to teach children how to ________ good books. Purpose & Effect The activities were to make reading ________ and popular for people of all ages. It was ________ a big success and many children said they would read more later 笔试部分（共100分） 五、补全对话（每小题2分，共10分） 请根据下面的对话内容，在空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。 A: Hi, Li Ming! Do you have any plans for the summer vacation? B: __________1__________ I’m going to travel to Chongqing with my parents. What about you? A: I haven’t made any plans yet. __________2__________ B: That sounds a bit boring. Why don’t you join a summer camp? A: A summer camp? __________3__________ B: You can make new friends and learn new skills. It will be a great experience. A: __________4__________ But I also want to spend time with my family. B: So you need to find a balance. A: That’s true. Thanks for your advice. B: __________5__________ Have a nice day! 六、完形填空（每小题1分，共8分） 请阅读下面语篇，理解其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was in middle school, I seldom raised my hand to answer questions in class. I was ____6____ of being seen by the teacher. I found that lots of my classmates were just like me. When the teacher asked a question, I always ____7____ his eyes and hid behind the book. One day, in an English class, Mr Smith gave us a lesson. He wanted us to ____8____ ourselves in class, so he asked us some questions, but no one answered. “Let me tell you a story,” he said. “After I went to university, famous people were often invited to make speeches. ____9____ the beginning of every speech, I found an interesting thing. The students around me always took a piece of paper, ____10____ their names with colourful pens, and then placed it on their seats. When the speaker needed the answers from the students, he could call the listener’s name.” “My classmates told me the speakers were all top people who meant chances. When your answer was interesting for them, they may give you more ____11____. In fact, I really saw a few students got great chances because of that. So you need to ____12____ your fear and show yourself.” After listening to the story, I understood that the chance would not find you itself. You must show yourself to catch it. ____13____, I changed my attitude (态度). Every time I raise my hand now, I step closer to a braver self. 6. A. tired B. proud C. scared 7. A. avoided B. noticed C. checked 8. A. relax B. express C. control 9. A. Until B. Before C. Without 10. A. wrote B. repeated C. tested 11. A. chances B. purposes C. standards 12. A. get into B. get over C. get across 13. A. Similarly B. Normally C. Finally 七、阅读理解（本题共有五个语篇，每篇后有五个小题，34~57每小题2分，58题4分，共52分） （A） 请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Nature is full of amazing wonders. Come to Linfen this summer holiday! Hukou Waterfall—one of the most famous waterfalls in China Location: on the Yellow River, between Shanxi and Shaanxi Provinces. Highlighted Landscapes: 1. The Yellow River becomes much narrower (狭窄的)—from 300 meters to 50 meters wide. 2. It falls down a 30-meter-high cliff. When the water rushes down, it makes a loud noise like thunder. The spray (浪花) is so heavy that it can be seen from far away—people call it “smoke from the bottom of the water”. Warm Tips: Don’t get too close to it. Yunqiu Mountain—famous for the most special karst landform (喀斯特地貌) Location: in southern Shanxi. Highlighted Landscapes: 1. Its highest point is 1,629 meters high. 2. The most amazing part is its natural ice cave group. It is one of the three greatest ice cave wonders in the world. Even in hot summer, the cave is still freezing cold, with beautiful ice flowers inside. Warm Tips: Wear warm clothes in the ice cave. Huozhou Qili Valley—the “Green Lung (肺) of North China” Location: in the middle of Huoshan Mountain. Highlighted Landscapes: 1. 95% of Qili Valley is covered with plants, which is higher than other places in Shanxi. And its scenery is beautiful all year round. 2. The highest point in the valley is Wulonghe, which is 2,504 meters high. Stand on the top and you can enjoy the most beautiful sea of forests and clouds. Warm Tips: Wear comfortable sports shoes when climbing the mountain. Join us and explore these three wonderful natural wonders together. 14. Which place is called “smoke from the bottom of the water”? A. Hukou Waterfall. B. Yunqiu Mountain. C. Huozhou Qili Valley. 15. How high is the highest point of Yunqiu Mountain? A. 2,504 meters. B. 1,629 meters. C. 3,000 meters. 16. Where is Qili Valley? A. In northern Shanxi. B. Between Shanxi and Shaanxi. C. In the middle of Huoshan Mountain. 17. What can we see in the “Green Lung of North China”? A. The Yellow River becomes much narrower. B. We can see beautiful ice flowers in the ice cave. C. We can enjoy beautiful sea of forests and clouds. 18. What’s the main purpose of this poster? A. To ask people to protect natural wonders. B. To invite people to visit Linfen this summer holiday. C. To tell people how to respect the power of nature. (B) Nowadays, “cloud tourism” is becoming more and more popular in China. It means people visit places of interest through the Internet at home. People can watch live videos, enjoy 360° views and learn about the history and culture of different places. “Cloud tourism” has many advantages. First, it is very convenient. People don’t need to travel long distances or worry about traffic and tickets. They can visit famous places at any time. Second, it is free or costs very little money. Third, it is good for protecting ancient buildings and natural scenery, because fewer people go to the places. Many museums and scenic spots have started “cloud tourism” services. For example, the Palace Museum has online exhibitions, and the Great Wall has live shows. People all over the world can enjoy Chinese beauty and culture through “cloud tourism”. Some people say that “cloud tourism” can take the place of real travel, but others don’t think so. They believe that real travel can let people feel the beauty of nature and culture personally. Anyway, “cloud tourism” gives us a new way to enjoy the world. 19. What is “cloud tourism”? A. Traveling to places by plane. B. Visiting places online at home. C. Traveling with a cloud guide. 20. Which is NOT the advantage of “cloud tourism”? A. It’s very convenient. B. It costs little money. C. It takes a lot of time. 21. Why is “cloud tourism” good for protecting places? A. Because fewer people visit them. B. Because people clean them online. C. Because people repair them online. 22. What do some people think of real travel? A. It’s more interesting than “cloud tourism”. B. It can let people feel beauty personally. C. It will disappear in the future. 23. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. A new way to travel — cloud tourism. B. How to visit the Palace Museum online. C. The advantages of real travel. (C) 请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When you are having a conversation with someone, what do you really pay attention to? If words are the only thing you notice, then you may be missing part of the message! In daily life, people do not always say exactly what they mean. According to Albert Mehrabian’s 7-38-55 rule, when people express feelings, only 7% of the message comes from the actual words they say. A huge 38% comes from the tone (语气) of voice. The largest part, 55%, comes from body language, such as hand gestures (手势) and facial expressions. So how can people work out the true meaning behind someone’s words? We should pay more attention to how they speak—loud or soft, fast or slow, energetic or calm—than to what they say. If someone’s words say one thing but their tone and face say another, these signs can help us discover the actual meaning. For example, if someone says “I’m fine” but crosses their arms or looks away, they are probably hiding their true feelings. Words may open the conversation, but they do not always tell the whole story. Sometimes, the real message is hidden in a shaky voice, an embarrassing smile, or a sudden silence. Good communicators (交流者) do not just take words at face value but read between the lines. 24. How does the writer start the topic? A. By telling a story. B. By asking a question. C. By introducing a saying. 25. Where does most of the message come from when people express feelings? A. Actual words. B. Tone of voice. C. Body language. 26. What can we infer (推断) from the example in Paragraph 3? A. We should listen to others carefully. B. It’s easy to judge (判断) a person by their words. C. People don’t often say things in a direct way. 27. What is the structure of the text? A. B. C. 28. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Ways to start a daily conversation. B. The importance of polite language. C. More than words in communication. (D) 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。 Studies show that people now have more free time than ever before. But many of us spend lots of free time playing with our phones. Pictures and information keep getting into our brains, so we don’t feel fully relaxed. So, how can we make good use of our free time and feel both relaxed and full of energy? ____29____ Set some goals. What do you want to do in your free time? Maybe you want to keep healthy, learn something new, or just relax. ____30____ Just think about what will bring happiness to you. Get creative. When you watch TV or read, you are just taking things in. But what if you become a creator? ____31____ In this way, you will use different parts of your brain and feel more energetic. Save your time. Your free time is a gift that you give to yourself. ____32____ If you’re always checking your phone, it’s hard to tell where your free time ends and everyday life begins, and you won’t truly relax. Maybe you can go for a walk in the park, spend time on a hobby that you love. ____33____ Once you’re fully relaxed, you can start a new life. So just go out and enjoy yourself. A. Here is some advice to help you out. B. You can also try to enjoy a beautiful sunset. C. Don’t worry too much about what you should do. D. Don’t let other things take away your free time. E. You can talk with your friends about the problem. F. You can build a cool model or make a creative dish. (E) 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容回答问题。 How to Write a Book Report Do you like reading? Do you write a book report? Writing a book report is a great way to share your ideas about a book. Here is a simple structure to follow. Part What to Write Example from The Little Prince Title & Writer What is the name of the book, and who is the writer? The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry Main Characters Who are the important characters in the story? Use a few words to describe them. The little prince (a curious boy from a small planet) , the pilot (a man who meets him in the desert) , the fox (a wise animal who teaches about friendship) Plot (情节) What happens in the story? Do not tell everything. Just write the key parts. A pilot meets a young prince in the desert. The prince tells him about his travels to different planets and what he learns about love and friendship. Your Opinion Do you like the book? Why or why not? Give reasons. You can talk about your favourite part. This is the most important. I love this book because it has deep meaning in simple words. My favourite part is when the fox tells the prince, “What is essential is invisible to the eye.” Rating (评分) How many stars do you give it? A simple 1-5 star system works well. ★★★★★ (5 stars) I think star ratings are really useful. They give me a quick idea of whether a book is worth my time. If I see four or five stars, I’ll pick it up at once. One or two stars? I’ll probably skip (跳过) it. Life is short, and there are so many books. Stars help me decide fast. Of course, I also read the summary, but stars are an important consideration for me. Simple and clear. I don’t fully trust star ratings. A book with three stars might be perfect for me, while a five-star book could be boring. People have different tastes. Stars can’t tell you if the story is funny, sad, or meaningful. I prefer reading a few pages or a friend’s book review. Stars are too simple-they don’t show the real value of a book. I’d rather explore without them. Remember: A good book report shows that you read the book and have your own ideas. Be clear and be yourself. 34. Why do we write a book report? ___________________________________________________ 35. How can we write about the main characters? ___________________________________________________ 36. What is the most important part in a book report? ___________________________________________________ 37. What will Linda do before she reads a book? ___________________________________________________ 38. Are star ratings important in a book report? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________ 八、词语运用（本题共有两个语篇，A篇有五个小题，B篇有十个小题，每小题1分，共15分） (A) 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使其通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。 Nowadays, many students have to face a lot of stress from study and life. Some students are so worried ____39____ they can’t sleep well at night. They feel tired and can’t listen to teachers carefully in class. It’s important for students to deal ____40____ stress in the right ways. Firstly, they should talk to their parents or teachers about their problems. They can give them useful advice. Secondly, they should take ____41____ hobbies to relax themselves, like listening to music, playing sports or drawing. ____42____, they should make a proper study plan and do one thing at a time. Don’t push themselves too hard. What’s more, doing exercise every day is a good way to ____43____ stress. It can make them healthy and relaxed. In a word, everyone has stress. The most important thing is to face it bravely and solve it. Then they will live a happy and healthy life. (B) 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使其通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。 she five be sweet encourage volunteer they carry careful meaning communicate consider Zhou Yi is a student from Inner Mongolia University. 2026 marks her ____44____ year working as a railway volunteer. Zhou Yi serves at Taiyuan South Station during winter vacation. She ____45____ a volunteer since 2021. According to Zhou, she became a railway volunteer because her mother ____46____ her to help others. There are only six young railway ____47____ like Zhou. At the station, they provide passengers with services like helping ____48____ buy tickets and get on the train, keeping order and answering questions. They have to ____49____ answer the same questions hundreds of times from different people. “It might cause my legs to ache and my throat to become uncomfortable,” Zhou said. “But the volunteer activities warm the people on their journey and make my vacation ____50____. They also improve my expression and ____51____ skills.” The most unforgettable experience for Zhou was that she met an old lady with a lot of things. “I helped her ____52____ the bags to the ticket doors. She kept saying ‘Thank you’ and gave me two oranges,” she said. “Those were the _____53_____ oranges I had ever had. This shows that warmth can pass on warmth, strengthening my mind to be a volunteer.” 九、书面表达（共15分） 54. 成长是接纳不完美，从自我否定到自我和解；成长是遇事不逃避，勇敢面对挫折；成长是懂得换位思考，从以自我为中心到体谅他人……请你结合自身经历，以“Growth”为题写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对成长的认识。 内容包括： ◆ Your opinions about growth; ◆ Share one of your experiences that shows you’ve grown up; ◆ What you have learnt from it. 要求： 1. 词数不少于80词； 2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 Growth ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025–2026学年第二学期期末考试 八年级英语试题 注意事项： 1. 全卷共10页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。 2. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。 3. 答案全部在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 4. 考试结束后，提交答题卡。 听力部分（共20分） 一、情景反应（每小题1分，共5分） 本题共有五个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话。请从每小题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中，选出与你所听到的信息相关联的一项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. A. B. C. 2. A. B. C. 3. A. B. C. 4. A. B. C. 5. A. B. C. 二、对话理解（每小题1分，共5分） 本题共有五个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话和一个问题。请从每小题所给的A、B三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 6. A. Exciting. B. Fun. C. Terrible. 7. A. She was lying in bed. B. She was watching a movie. C. She was caring for her sister 8. A. He cut his fingers. B. He broke his arm. C. He cut his knee. 9. A. Jindu Park. B. Xintian Park. C. Huihe Park. 10. A. He felt sorry to hear the news about his work. B. He knew his painting would be in the art show. C. He was surprised at his achievement in painting. 三、语篇理解（每小题1分，共5分） 本题你将听到一个语篇，请根据所听内容和所提出的五个问题，从每小题所给的A、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 11. How did the speaker feel at the bus stop? A. Worried. B. Sad. C. Angry. 12. What did the speaker give the girl? A. A new phone. B. A beautiful flower. C. A lovely smile. 13. When did the speaker meet the girl again? A. On a rainy day. B. A few years later. C. Before a party. 14. Why did the girl cry on that day? A. Because the taxi hit her. B. Because she lost her phone. C. Because her best friend left her. 15. What can we learn from the passage? A. It’s not OK to waste time. B. Giving gifts helps make new friends. C. Even little acts of kindness cheer people up. 四、听力填空（每小题1分，共5分） 本题你将听到一个语篇，请根据所听内容，完成下面的句子，并将获取的信息写在答卡相应的位置上。每空一词。 2026 Book Reading Event in Jincheng Time On April ________, 2026 Theme (主题) The year 2026 was exactly the first year of the “National Reading Rules” This year’s event made use of Shanxi’s rich ________. Activities There were many activities to teach children how to ________ good books. Purpose & Effect The activities were to make reading ________ and popular for people of all ages. It was ________ a big success and many children said they would read more later 笔试部分（共100分） 五、补全对话（每小题2分，共10分） 请根据下面的对话内容，在空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。 A: Hi, Li Ming! Do you have any plans for the summer vacation? B: __________1__________ I’m going to travel to Chongqing with my parents. What about you? A: I haven’t made any plans yet. __________2__________ B: That sounds a bit boring. Why don’t you join a summer camp? A: A summer camp? __________3__________ B: You can make new friends and learn new skills. It will be a great experience. A: __________4__________ But I also want to spend time with my family. B: So you need to find a balance. A: That’s true. Thanks for your advice. B: __________5__________ Have a nice day! 【答案】1. Yes./Yes, I do. 2. Maybe I will stay at home with my family. 3. What can I do there? 4. That sounds great./Sounds good./Sounds great. 5. You’re welcome. 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕暑假计划展开两人交流，李明打算和父母去重庆旅行，A暂无计划，李明建议他参加夏令营，二人讨论夏令营优缺点并给出平衡家庭与活动的建议。 【1题详解】 上文A问“Do you have any plans…?”，是一般疑问句。下文B说要去重庆旅游，说明有计划，因此此处应作肯定回答，故填“Yes./Yes, I do.”。 【2题详解】 下文B“That sounds a bit boring.”，说明A提到的计划比较单调。结合语境，暑假还没计划通常可能会选择待在家里，故填“Maybe I will stay at home with my family.”或类似表达。 【3题详解】 上文B建议参加夏令营，下文B回答说“You can make new friends and learn new skills.”，这是在介绍夏令营的内容或好处。因此A此处应询问能做什么或有什么好处，故填“What can I do there?”。 【4题详解】 上文B介绍了夏令营的好处，下文A说“But I also want…”，表示转折。说明A先肯定了夏令营是个好主意，然后再提出自己的顾虑，故填“That sounds great./Sounds good./Sounds great.”表示认可。 【5题详解】 上文A说“Thanks for your advice.”，此处B应回答不客气。这是标准的致谢回应，故填“You’re welcome.”。 六、完形填空（每小题1分，共8分） 请阅读下面语篇，理解其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was in middle school, I seldom raised my hand to answer questions in class. I was ____6____ of being seen by the teacher. I found that lots of my classmates were just like me. When the teacher asked a question, I always ____7____ his eyes and hid behind the book. One day, in an English class, Mr Smith gave us a lesson. He wanted us to ____8____ ourselves in class, so he asked us some questions, but no one answered. “Let me tell you a story,” he said. “After I went to university, famous people were often invited to make speeches. ____9____ the beginning of every speech, I found an interesting thing. The students around me always took a piece of paper, ____10____ their names with colourful pens, and then placed it on their seats. When the speaker needed the answers from the students, he could call the listener’s name.” “My classmates told me the speakers were all top people who meant chances. When your answer was interesting for them, they may give you more ____11____. In fact, I really saw a few students got great chances because of that. So you need to ____12____ your fear and show yourself.” After listening to the story, I understood that the chance would not find you itself. You must show yourself to catch it. ____13____, I changed my attitude (态度). Every time I raise my hand now, I step closer to a braver self. 6. A. tired B. proud C. scared 7. A. avoided B. noticed C. checked 8. A. relax B. express C. control 9. A. Until B. Before C. Without 10. A. wrote B. repeated C. tested 11. A. chances B. purposes C. standards 12. A. get into B. get over C. get across 13. A. Similarly B. Normally C. Finally 【答案】6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述作者中学时害怕举手，听了老师分享大学经历后，明白要克服恐惧展现自己，最终改变态度的故事。 【6题详解】 句意：我害怕被老师看到。 根据“seldom raised my hand”及下文“hid behind the book”可知，作者“害怕”被老师看到。scared“害怕的”符合语境。tired“疲惫的”，proud“骄傲的”，均不符合语境。 【7题详解】 句意：当老师提问时，我总是避开他的目光。 根据“hid behind the book”可知作者是为了“避开”老师的目光。avoided“避开”符合语境。noticed“注意到”，checked“检查”，均不符合语境。 【8题详解】 句意：他想让我们在课堂上表达自己。 根据“asked us some questions”及下文“show yourself”可知，老师希望学生“表达”自己。express“表达”符合语境。relax“放松”，control“控制”，均不符合语境。 【9题详解】 句意：在每次演讲开始前，我发现了一件有趣的事。 根据“The students around me always took a piece of paper...placed it on their seats.”描述的是演讲开始前学生的准备行为，因此应填“Before”表示“在……之前”。Before“在……之前”符合语境。Until“直到”，Without“没有”，均不符合语境。 【10题详解】 句意：我周围的学生总是拿出一张纸，用彩笔写上他们的名字，然后放在座位上。 根据“placed it on their seats”可知，学生在纸上“写”名字。wrote“写”符合语境。repeated“重复”，tested“测试”，均不符合语境。 【11题详解】 句意：当你的回答对他们来说很有趣时，他们可能会给你更多的机会。 根据上文“The speakers were all top people who meant chances.”及下文“a few students got great chances”可知，演讲者可能给回答有趣的学生更多“机会”。chances“机会”符合语境。purposes“目的”，standards“标准”，均不符合语境。 【12题详解】 句意：所以你需要克服你的恐惧并展示自己。 根据下文“show yourself”及“I changed my attitude”可知，作者需要“克服”恐惧。get over“克服”符合语境。get into“进入”，get across“使理解”，均不符合语境。 【13题详解】 句意：最终，我改变了自己的态度。 根据上文听完故事后“I understood that the chance would not find you itself”及下文“Every time I raise my hand now”可知，作者“最终”改变了自己。Finally“最终”符合语境。Similarly“相似地”，Normally“正常地”，均不符合语境。 七、阅读理解（本题共有五个语篇，每篇后有五个小题，34~57每小题2分，58题4分，共52分） （A） 请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Nature is full of amazing wonders. Come to Linfen this summer holiday! Hukou Waterfall—one of the most famous waterfalls in China Location: on the Yellow River, between Shanxi and Shaanxi Provinces. Highlighted Landscapes: 1. The Yellow River becomes much narrower (狭窄的)—from 300 meters to 50 meters wide. 2. It falls down a 30-meter-high cliff. When the water rushes down, it makes a loud noise like thunder. The spray (浪花) is so heavy that it can be seen from far away—people call it “smoke from the bottom of the water”. Warm Tips: Don’t get too close to it. Yunqiu Mountain—famous for the most special karst landform (喀斯特地貌) Location: in southern Shanxi. Highlighted Landscapes: 1. Its highest point is 1,629 meters high. 2. The most amazing part is its natural ice cave group. It is one of the three greatest ice cave wonders in the world. Even in hot summer, the cave is still freezing cold, with beautiful ice flowers inside. Warm Tips: Wear warm clothes in the ice cave. Huozhou Qili Valley—the “Green Lung (肺) of North China” Location: in the middle of Huoshan Mountain. Highlighted Landscapes: 1. 95% of Qili Valley is covered with plants, which is higher than other places in Shanxi. And its scenery is beautiful all year round. 2. The highest point in the valley is Wulonghe, which is 2,504 meters high. Stand on the top and you can enjoy the most beautiful sea of forests and clouds. Warm Tips: Wear comfortable sports shoes when climbing the mountain. Join us and explore these three wonderful natural wonders together. 14. Which place is called “smoke from the bottom of the water”? A. Hukou Waterfall. B. Yunqiu Mountain. C. Huozhou Qili Valley. 15. How high is the highest point of Yunqiu Mountain? A. 2,504 meters. B. 1,629 meters. C. 3,000 meters. 16. Where is Qili Valley? A. In northern Shanxi. B. Between Shanxi and Shaanxi. C. In the middle of Huoshan Mountain. 17. What can we see in the “Green Lung of North China”? A. The Yellow River becomes much narrower. B. We can see beautiful ice flowers in the ice cave. C. We can enjoy beautiful sea of forests and clouds. 18. What’s the main purpose of this poster? A. To ask people to protect natural wonders. B. To invite people to visit Linfen this summer holiday. C. To tell people how to respect the power of nature. 【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇旅游宣传海报，介绍了临汾三处知名自然景观：壶口瀑布、云丘山、霍州七里峪，分别说明了各处位置、特色风光与游玩提示，邀请读者暑假来临芬游玩。 【14题详解】 根据Hukou Waterfall部分“The spray (浪花) is so heavy that it can be seen from far away—people call it ‘smoke from the bottom of the water’”可知，smoke from the bottom of the water这一别称属于壶口瀑布。 【15题详解】 根据Yunqiu Mountain部分“Its highest point is 1,629 meters high.”可知，云丘山最高点海拔1629米。 【16题详解】 根据Huozhou Qili Valley部分“Location: in the middle of Huoshan Mountain.”可知，七里峪位于霍山中部。 【17题详解】 根据Huozhou Qili Valley部分“Stand on the top and you can enjoy the most beautiful sea of forests and clouds.”，七里峪被称作“华北绿肺”，在山顶可欣赏林海云海。 【18题详解】 文章开头“Come to Linfen this summer holiday!”与结尾“Join us and explore these three wonderful natural wonders together.”表明海报目的是邀请大家暑假来临汾游览。 (B) Nowadays, “cloud tourism” is becoming more and more popular in China. It means people visit places of interest through the Internet at home. People can watch live videos, enjoy 360° views and learn about the history and culture of different places. “Cloud tourism” has many advantages. First, it is very convenient. People don’t need to travel long distances or worry about traffic and tickets. They can visit famous places at any time. Second, it is free or costs very little money. Third, it is good for protecting ancient buildings and natural scenery, because fewer people go to the places. Many museums and scenic spots have started “cloud tourism” services. For example, the Palace Museum has online exhibitions, and the Great Wall has live shows. People all over the world can enjoy Chinese beauty and culture through “cloud tourism”. Some people say that “cloud tourism” can take the place of real travel, but others don’t think so. They believe that real travel can let people feel the beauty of nature and culture personally. Anyway, “cloud tourism” gives us a new way to enjoy the world. 19. What is “cloud tourism”? A. Traveling to places by plane. B. Visiting places online at home. C. Traveling with a cloud guide. 20. Which is NOT the advantage of “cloud tourism”? A. It’s very convenient. B. It costs little money. C. It takes a lot of time. 21. Why is “cloud tourism” good for protecting places? A. Because fewer people visit them. B. Because people clean them online. C. Because people repair them online. 22. What do some people think of real travel? A. It’s more interesting than “cloud tourism”. B. It can let people feel beauty personally. C. It will disappear in the future. 23. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. A new way to travel — cloud tourism. B. How to visit the Palace Museum online. C. The advantages of real travel. 【答案】19. B 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了在中国越来越流行的云旅游，讲解了它的定义、优势、应用场景，以及人们对它和传统旅游的不同看法。 【19题详解】 文中第一段提到“It means people visit places of interest through the Internet at home”，说明云旅游指的是在家通过网络在线游览景点。 【20题详解】 文中第二段“First, it is very convenient.”、“Second, it is free or costs very little money.”介绍云旅游的优势包括便捷、花费少，“花费大量时间”不属于云旅游的优势。 【21题详解】 文中第二段提到“it is good for protecting ancient buildings and natural scenery, because fewer people go to the places”，说明云旅游能保护景点，是因为前往景点的游客数量减少了。 【22题详解】 文中最后一段提到“They believe that real travel can let people feel the beauty of nature and culture personally”，说明部分人认为传统旅游能让人亲身感受自然与文化的美。 【23题详解】 通读全文，全文围绕云旅游这一新型旅游方式展开，介绍了它的定义、优势、应用与相关讨论，因此文章主旨是介绍一种新的旅游方式——云旅游。 (C) 请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When you are having a conversation with someone, what do you really pay attention to? If words are the only thing you notice, then you may be missing part of the message! In daily life, people do not always say exactly what they mean. According to Albert Mehrabian’s 7-38-55 rule, when people express feelings, only 7% of the message comes from the actual words they say. A huge 38% comes from the tone (语气) of voice. The largest part, 55%, comes from body language, such as hand gestures (手势) and facial expressions. So how can people work out the true meaning behind someone’s words? We should pay more attention to how they speak—loud or soft, fast or slow, energetic or calm—than to what they say. If someone’s words say one thing but their tone and face say another, these signs can help us discover the actual meaning. For example, if someone says “I’m fine” but crosses their arms or looks away, they are probably hiding their true feelings. Words may open the conversation, but they do not always tell the whole story. Sometimes, the real message is hidden in a shaky voice, an embarrassing smile, or a sudden silence. Good communicators (交流者) do not just take words at face value but read between the lines. 24. How does the writer start the topic? A. By telling a story. B. By asking a question. C. By introducing a saying. 25. Where does most of the message come from when people express feelings? A. Actual words. B. Tone of voice. C. Body language. 26. What can we infer (推断) from the example in Paragraph 3? A. We should listen to others carefully. B. It’s easy to judge (判断) a person by their words. C. People don’t often say things in a direct way. 27. What is the structure of the text? A. B. C. 28. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Ways to start a daily conversation. B. The importance of polite language. C. More than words in communication. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍日常交流过程里信息的构成占比，文字仅传递一小部分信息，语气、肢体语言承载更多内容，告诉读者沟通不能只关注字面话语，要学会读懂话语背后隐藏的真实含义。 【24题详解】 第一段开篇抛出问句：When you are having a conversation with someone, what do you really pay attention to?，作者借助提出问题的形式引出本篇话题。 【25题详解】 第二段给出Albert Mehrabian的7-38-55规则相关数据：the largest part, 55%, comes from body language，人们表达情感时占比最高、承载大部分信息的是肢体语言。 【26题详解】 第三段举出事例：if someone says “I’m fine” but crosses their arms or looks away, they are probably hiding their true feelings，能够推断出人们时常不会直白说出内心真实想法，表达方式较为委婉。 【27题详解】 第一段用问句“When you are having a conversation with someone, what do you really pay attention to?”总起引出话题；第二段引用7-38-55 rule介绍信息的三类来源；第三段引用“if someone says ‘I’m fine’ but crosses their arms or looks away”举例讲解读懂隐藏情绪的方法；第四段依据“Good communicators do not just take words at face value but read between the lines”给出总结建议，强调好沟通者应“读出言外之意”。形成总—分—总结构。 【28题详解】 通读整篇文章可知，全文反复强调沟通时文字并非全部信息，语气、肢体细节同样十分关键，主旨是说明交流过程中除了字面话语之外还有诸多信息点。 (D) 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。 Studies show that people now have more free time than ever before. But many of us spend lots of free time playing with our phones. Pictures and information keep getting into our brains, so we don’t feel fully relaxed. So, how can we make good use of our free time and feel both relaxed and full of energy? ____29____ Set some goals. What do you want to do in your free time? Maybe you want to keep healthy, learn something new, or just relax. ____30____ Just think about what will bring happiness to you. Get creative. When you watch TV or read, you are just taking things in. But what if you become a creator? ____31____ In this way, you will use different parts of your brain and feel more energetic. Save your time. Your free time is a gift that you give to yourself. ____32____ If you’re always checking your phone, it’s hard to tell where your free time ends and everyday life begins, and you won’t truly relax. Maybe you can go for a walk in the park, spend time on a hobby that you love. ____33____ Once you’re fully relaxed, you can start a new life. So just go out and enjoy yourself. A. Here is some advice to help you out. B. You can also try to enjoy a beautiful sunset. C. Don’t worry too much about what you should do. D. Don’t let other things take away your free time. E. You can talk with your friends about the problem. F. You can build a cool model or make a creative dish. 【答案】29. A 30. C 31. F 32. D 33. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人们虽然空闲时间变多但并未真正放松，并提出了如何充分利用空闲时间以获得放松和精力的几条建议。 【29题详解】 根据第一段中“So, how can we make good use of our free time and feel both relaxed and full of energy?（那么，我们如何才能利用好我们的空闲时间，既感到放松又充满活力呢？）”可知，此处提出问题后，接下来应该引出建议，选项A“Here is some advice to help you out.（这里有一些建议可以帮助你。）”符合语境。 【30题详解】 根据第二段中“Just think about what will bring happiness to you.（只需思考什么能带给你快乐。）”可知，此处建议不要过于纠结具体该做什么，选项C“Don’t worry too much about what you should do.（不要太担心你应该做什么。）符合语境。 【31题详解】 根据第三段中“But what if you become a creator?（但如果你成为一个创造者呢？）”可知，此处需要列举成为创造者的具体例子，选项F“You can build a cool model or make a creative dish.（你可以搭建一个酷模型或做一道创意菜。）”符合语境。 【32题详解】 根据第四段中“Your free time is a gift that you give to yourself.（你的空闲时间是你送给自己的礼物。）”及后文关于手机的警告可推知此处强调要保护空闲时间，选项D“Don’t let other things take away your free time.（不要让其他事情占用你的空闲时间。）”符合语境。 【33题详解】 根据第四段中“Maybe you can go for a walk in the park, spend time on a hobby that you love.（也许你可以去公园散步，花时间在你喜欢的爱好上。）”可知，此处继续列举放松的具体活动，选项B“You can also try to enjoy a beautiful sunset.（你也可以试着欣赏美丽的日落。）符合语境。 (E) 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容回答问题。 How to Write a Book Report Do you like reading? Do you write a book report? Writing a book report is a great way to share your ideas about a book. Here is a simple structure to follow. Part What to Write Example from The Little Prince Title & Writer What is the name of the book, and who is the writer? The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry Main Characters Who are the important characters in the story? Use a few words to describe them. The little prince (a curious boy from a small planet) , the pilot (a man who meets him in the desert) , the fox (a wise animal who teaches about friendship) Plot (情节) What happens in the story? Do not tell everything. Just write the key parts. A pilot meets a young prince in the desert. The prince tells him about his travels to different planets and what he learns about love and friendship. Your Opinion Do you like the book? Why or why not? Give reasons. You can talk about your favourite part. This is the most important. I love this book because it has deep meaning in simple words. My favourite part is when the fox tells the prince, “What is essential is invisible to the eye.” Rating (评分) How many stars do you give it? A simple 1-5 star system works well. ★★★★★ (5 stars) I think star ratings are really useful. They give me a quick idea of whether a book is worth my time. If I see four or five stars, I’ll pick it up at once. One or two stars? I’ll probably skip (跳过) it. Life is short, and there are so many books. Stars help me decide fast. Of course, I also read the summary, but stars are an important consideration for me. Simple and clear. I don’t fully trust star ratings. A book with three stars might be perfect for me, while a five-star book could be boring. People have different tastes. Stars can’t tell you if the story is funny, sad, or meaningful. I prefer reading a few pages or a friend’s book review. Stars are too simple-they don’t show the real value of a book. I’d rather explore without them. Remember: A good book report shows that you read the book and have your own ideas. Be clear and be yourself. 34. Why do we write a book report? ___________________________________________________ 35. How can we write about the main characters? ___________________________________________________ 36. What is the most important part in a book report? ___________________________________________________ 37. What will Linda do before she reads a book? ___________________________________________________ 38. Are star ratings important in a book report? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________ 【答案】34. To share our ideas about a book. 35. By using a few words to describe them. 36. Your opinion. 37. She will read a few pages or a friend’s book review. 38. Yes, they are. Because they give a quick idea of whether a book is worth reading. (或 No, they aren’t. Because they don’t show the real value of a book.) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何写读书报告，包括读书报告的基本结构，以及两个人对读书报告中星级评分的不同看法。 【34题详解】 根据文章第1段“Writing a book report is a great way to share your ideas about a book.”可推知结论写读书报告是为了分享对书的想法。 【35题详解】 根据文章表格Main Characters部分“Use a few words to describe them.”可推知结论我们可以用几个词来描述主要人物。 【36题详解】 根据文章表格Your Opinion部分“This is the most important.”可推知结论读书报告中最重要的是你的观点。 【37题详解】 根据文章Linda的观点部分“I prefer reading a few pages or a friend’s book review.”可推知结论Linda在读书前会读几页或者朋友的书评。 【38题详解】 本题为开放性问题，言之有理即可。根据文章Peter的观点部分“They give me a quick idea of whether a book is worth my time.”可推知结论星级评分很重要，因为它们能让人快速了解一本书是否值得读。故填Yes, they are. Because they give a quick idea of whether a book is worth reading. 若认为不重要，根据文章Linda的观点部分“Stars are too simple-they don’t show the real value of a book.”可推知结论星级评分不重要，因为它们不能展示书的真正价值。故填No, they aren’t. Because they don’t show the real value of a book. 八、词语运用（本题共有两个语篇，A篇有五个小题，B篇有十个小题，每小题1分，共15分） (A) 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使其通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。 Nowadays, many students have to face a lot of stress from study and life. Some students are so worried ____39____ they can’t sleep well at night. They feel tired and can’t listen to teachers carefully in class. It’s important for students to deal ____40____ stress in the right ways. Firstly, they should talk to their parents or teachers about their problems. They can give them useful advice. Secondly, they should take ____41____ hobbies to relax themselves, like listening to music, playing sports or drawing. ____42____, they should make a proper study plan and do one thing at a time. Don’t push themselves too hard. What’s more, doing exercise every day is a good way to ____43____ stress. It can make them healthy and relaxed. In a word, everyone has stress. The most important thing is to face it bravely and solve it. Then they will live a happy and healthy life. 【答案】39. that 40. with 41. up 42. Thirdly 43. reduce 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了如今学生面临学习和生活压力带来的不良影响，介绍了倾诉、培养爱好、制定计划、坚持锻炼等正确应对压力的方法，告诉我们要勇敢面对并解决压力，才能拥有健康快乐的生活。 【39题详解】 句意：一些学生十分焦虑，以至于晚上睡不好觉。固定句型so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 【40题详解】 句意：学生用正确的方式应对压力是很重要的。固定搭配deal with表示“应对、处理”，是固定短语。 【41题详解】 句意：其次，他们应该培养爱好来放松自己。固定搭配take up hobbies表示“培养爱好”，为固定用法。 【42题详解】 句意：第三，他们应该制定合理的学习计划，一次只做一件事。前文出现Firstly、Secondly表列举顺序，此处为第三点建议，句首首字母大写，故填Thirdly。 【43题详解】 句意：每天锻炼是减轻压力的好方法。结合语境和常识，锻炼可以缓解、减轻压力，reduce stress为常用搭配。 (B) 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使其通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。 she five be sweet encourage volunteer they carry careful meaning communicate consider Zhou Yi is a student from Inner Mongolia University. 2026 marks her ____44____ year working as a railway volunteer. Zhou Yi serves at Taiyuan South Station during winter vacation. She ____45____ a volunteer since 2021. According to Zhou, she became a railway volunteer because her mother ____46____ her to help others. There are only six young railway ____47____ like Zhou. At the station, they provide passengers with services like helping ____48____ buy tickets and get on the train, keeping order and answering questions. They have to ____49____ answer the same questions hundreds of times from different people. “It might cause my legs to ache and my throat to become uncomfortable,” Zhou said. “But the volunteer activities warm the people on their journey and make my vacation ____50____. They also improve my expression and ____51____ skills.” The most unforgettable experience for Zhou was that she met an old lady with a lot of things. “I helped her ____52____ the bags to the ticket doors. She kept saying ‘Thank you’ and gave me two oranges,” she said. “Those were the _____53_____ oranges I had ever had. This shows that warmth can pass on warmth, strengthening my mind to be a volunteer.” 【答案】44. fifth 45. has been 46. encouraged 47. volunteers 48. them 49. carefully 50. meaningful 51. communication 52. carry##to carry 53. sweetest 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述内蒙古大学学生周艺寒假在太原南站做铁路志愿者的经历，介绍她参与志愿工作的缘由、日常服务内容与难忘的暖心故事，赞美志愿服务传递温暖的价值。 【44题详解】 句意：2026年是她担任铁路志愿者的第五个年头。此处需要一个序数词，在句中表示“顺序”。因为“the + 序数词 + year”表示“第……年”，且前文提到她自2021年开始担任铁路志愿者，到2026年正好是第五年，所以选择five并变为fifth。 【45题详解】 句意：自2021年以来，她一直是一名志愿者。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。因为“since 2021”是现在完成时的标志，且主语She为第三人称单数，所以选择be并变为has been。故填has been。 【46题详解】 句意：据周怡介绍，她成为铁路志愿者是因为母亲鼓励她帮助别人。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。因为“encourage sb. to do sth.”表示“鼓励某人做某事”，且“became”提示句子为一般过去时，所以选择encourage并变为encouraged。 【47题详解】 句意：像周怡这样的年轻铁路志愿者只有六位。此处需要一个名词，在句中作主语。因为空前有six修饰，后接可数名词复数，且后文介绍他们为乘客提供服务，所以选择volunteer并变为volunteers。 【48题详解】 句意：在车站，他们为乘客提供帮助他们买票、上车、维持秩序和答疑等服务。此处需要一个代词，在句中作宾语。因为空格指代前面的passengers，位于动词helping之后应用宾格，所以选择they并变为them。 【49题详解】 句意：他们不得不认真地回答不同的人提出的同样的问题数百次。此处需要一个副词，在句中修饰动词answer。因为carefully表示“认真地”，符合志愿者耐心回答乘客问题的语境，所以选择careful并变为carefully。 【50题详解】 句意：但是志愿活动温暖了旅途中的人们，也使我的假期变得有意义。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作宾语补足语。因为“make+宾语+形容词”表示“使……怎么样”，meaningful表示“有意义的”，符合语境，所以选择meaning并变为meaningful。 【51题详解】 句意：它们还提高了我的表达能力和沟通能力。此处需要一个名词，在句中与expression并列作宾语。因为空格与expression保持并列，应用名词形式，communication表示“沟通能力”，符合语境，所以选择communicate并变为communication。 【52题详解】 句意：我帮她把包提到了检票口。此处需要一个动词，在句中构成“help sb. (to) do sth.”结构。因为help后接动词原形或动词不定式，carry表示“搬、提”，符合帮助老人拿行李的语境，所以选择carry/to carry。 【53题详解】 句意：那是我吃过的最甜的橘子。此处需要一个形容词最高级，在句中修饰oranges。因为“I had ever had”表示最高程度，应用sweet的最高级sweetest，表达老人送的橘子让作者感到格外甜蜜，所以选择sweet并变为sweetest。 九、书面表达（共15分） 54. 成长是接纳不完美，从自我否定到自我和解；成长是遇事不逃避，勇敢面对挫折；成长是懂得换位思考，从以自我为中心到体谅他人……请你结合自身经历，以“Growth”为题写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对成长的认识。 内容包括： ◆ Your opinions about growth; ◆ Share one of your experiences that shows you’ve grown up; ◆ What you have learnt from it. 要求： 1. 词数不少于80词； 2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 Growth ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Growth Growth means facing challenges bravely. It is not just getting older, but becoming stronger. Last term, I failed a math exam. I felt sad and wanted to give up. However, my teacher encouraged me to find out my mistakes. I worked hard and asked for help. Finally, I got a better grade. From this experience, I learnt that failure is the mother of success. We should not escape from problems. Instead, we should face them and improve ourselves. This is what real growth is. 【解析】 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，时态以一般现在时、一般过去时为主 明确要点：阐释成长的含义，成长不只是年龄增长，而是勇敢直面挑战、变得强大；记叙自身数学考试失利后在老师鼓励下努力进步的经历；从事例感悟失败孕育成功，要直面困难、提升自我，这才是真正的成长 确定人称：第一人称I/we 注意事项：先亮观点再叙事，最后升华主旨，逻辑清晰，贴合初中生成长主题 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明成长的真正内涵，勇敢迎接挑战，内心变得强大 主体段：叙述亲身经历：数学考试失利、一度想放弃，受老师鼓励改正错题、努力请教，最终取得进步 结尾段：提炼感悟，失败是成功之母，不应逃避难题，迎难而上完善自我，这便是真正的成长 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：阐释成长定义 释义：Growth means facing challenges bravely/not just growing older/but becoming stronger/Studying hard will bring good luck/Failure is not scary 要点二：个人成长事例 事例：failed a math exam/felt sad and wanted to give up/teacher encouraged me/worked hard and asked for help/got a better grade/lost the first place/became depressed 要点三：感悟升华主旨 感悟：failure is the mother of success/should not escape from problems/face them and improve ourselves/success belongs to the persevering/should believe in ourselves 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $