Unit 3 Section Ⅴ（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

**基本信息** 该同步练采用“基础-提升”双层设计，通过词汇语法基础训练到语篇综合应用，构建从语言能力到思维品质的进阶路径，适配新授课分层巩固需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |层级一|核心词汇拼写、基础语法（时态、非谓语等）、课文原句应用|以单句和课文语境为主，如单词拼写直接关联单元主题词，语法填空聚焦基础考点，强化语言能力| |层级二|语篇理解（环保、生态主题）、篇章结构、综合语法应用|通过阅读理解（Plogging运动等）、七选五（衣物图书馆）培养文化意识与思维品质，语法填空融入语篇语境，提升综合应用能力|

[对应知能达标训练P41] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It was convenient for people to calculate when Arabic figures (数字) were brought in. 2．The war made the people in that country unhappy and stressed (焦虑) out. 3．Many people sleep with the charging phones right next to their heads, which could increase the chances of getting cancer (癌症). 4．Coal and gas (天然气) are traditional fuels, but they bring lots of side effects too. 5．The bus was stuck(卡住) in the mud and we had walked to the village. 6．What they have invented is the greatest scientific achievement of the decade(十年). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The bus got stuck(stick) in the mud，so we had to walk to the village. 2．Compared(compare) to the the poor boy，we live a happy life. 3．The accident is related(relate) to his carelessness and drinking. 4．Human activities has contributed greatly to the global(globe) warming. 5．Slow down！There is a speed limit in this road section. 6．I was annoyed (annoy) that they hadn't turned up. 7．Please don't be angry (anger) with me.It wasn't my fault. 8．We meet regularly (regular) to discuss the progress of the project. 9．This programme is not suitable (suit) for children. 10．“Don't let us make it tidy，” said Mary anxiously (anxious). Ⅲ.完成句子 1．It took him 5 years to write the novel． 写这部小说花了他5年的时间。 2．He walked in the deep snow for 7 hours，tired and hungry． 他在深雪中行走了7个小时，又累又饿。 3．Of the two books，you can take whichever you like better． 这两本书中，你可以拿任何你更喜欢的一本。 4．In the last few days，he has been looking after the strange old man. 最近这几天，他一直在照顾这位陌生老人。 5．You can't be too careful when driving． 开车时越小心越好。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Cars have made people 1.angry(anger)，stressed out and caused the real costs socially.Take Britain for example，in the last 20 years，the number of cars on the roads 2.has gone(go) up by 25%.Over the last decade，3.an average of 2，500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.Traffic is one of the major 4.causes(cause) of global warming and climate change.Almost 30，000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.Some types of cancer 5.are (be) related to traffic pollution. Here are some advice about how to give up 6.driving (drive).Firstly，use your legs.Regular exercise can cut the risk of heart disease 7.by 50%！Secondly，use public transport.Thirdly，think before you go.Before 8.getting(get) into your car，think about 9.whether you really need to make that journey.Besides，share cars.It is much cheaper and 10.kinder(kind) to the environment.Lastly，take action! Don't just sit around and complain! Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For some people，walking or running outdoors is a great way to work out.What may not be so pleasant is seeing trash all over the ground.Well, some people are doing something about it.They are plogging! “Plogging” began in Sweden.The name combines the Swedish word “plocka”， which means to pick up, and the word “jogging”， which means to run slowly.A Swedish man named Erik，started the movement in 2016.On the World Environment Day website, Erik said that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in northern Sweden.Each day he would ride his bike to work.Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work, he took matters into his own hands． Plogging, by that term, may have officially begun in Sweden.But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years.Take Jeff Horowitz for example.He is a personal trainer in Washington, D．C.He often picks up trash while running outside.He even has turned it into a game; he will try to pick up the trash without stopping.“I didn't know it was an international movement, really.This is just my personal ethic (行为准则).When I go for a run and happen to see a piece of garbage lying around within reach，it will be a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping.And that way, I think, it gives me a little exercise and a little focus for my run.And it helps clean up the neighborhood，” he announced. Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular.Cities around the world now hold plogging events.“I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a piece of garbage on the ground.We have containers that seem on every block.So, it's easy to put your garbage in the trash cans.I just think people should think about it a little bit more.I do hope one day there will not be a need for plogging，” said an interviewee. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的环保运动——拾荒慢跑。此运动开始于瑞典，参加运动的人边慢跑边捡起地上的垃圾，意在倡导人们保护环境，养成不乱扔垃圾的好习惯。 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “took matters into his own hands” in paragraph 2 ? A．Called on people to join him. B．Appealed to people to go green. C．Began to pick up the trash. D．Had the collected trash recycled. 解析　C　词句猜测题。根据上文中的“Concerned about the amount...his way to work”由此可推知，画线部分表示他自己来处理这件事，即开始捡垃圾。故选C。 2．What does the example of Jeff Horowitz tell us? A．Plogging comes naturally to joggers who care about the environment. B．Plogging is an easy way to protect the environment. C．It doesn't make any sense to you without picking up trash when jogging. D．It is better to clean up the neighborhood by plogging. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I didn't know...This is just my personal ethic(行为准则). When...without stopping.”可推知，对Jeff Horowitz来说，捡起垃圾已经成为一件无意识的、习以为常的事情。故选A。 3．What idea are the plogging events meant to promote ? A．Jogging is truly beneficial. B．Trash cans should be within one's reach. C．Littering is not acceptable. D．Communities should be kept clean. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I would just hope...on the ground.”可推知，拾荒慢跑运动旨在促进“乱丢垃圾是不可接受的”这一想法。故选C。 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．New Exercise Enjoys Unbelievable Popularity B．A New Exercise Trend Also Helps Environment C．Plogging—a Fashionable Way to Clear Waste Away D．Plogging—Exercise Originating in Sweden 解析　B　标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了拾荒慢跑这一新的运动风潮有助于保护环境。故选B。 B It's kind of hard not to.Stacking (摞起) rocks at a beach with a rocky shore can keep me from looking at my phone.And when I'm at the seaside, I don't want to waste my time scrolling through Instagram.I do stretches, look along the water's edge for tadpoles (蝌蚪), and take pictures of the landscape.But if there are stones around—especially the pleasingly round ones—I find myself stacking them up. There are endless games you can play independently or with others: How high can you make your stack? How many colors can you use? What kind of multi-rock sculptures can you make? If it feels like art, that's because it is art-numerous rock-stackers have become Internet-famous over the last few years for their skill in unlikely, or unusual projects.But now everyone is doing the stone-stacking thing, and it's not as harmless as it seems. “People are stacking rocks with no education of the environment so they don't know what site they're in—whether the site has any wildlife significance or historic significance，” John Hourston, president of the Blue Planet Society, told the BBC.“Add to that the historic significance of cairn (石碓) in Scotland, used for landmarks and to show safe ways.You're now confusing that with personal statements that really mean nothing.” Also, it's kind of rude.Most of us go to natural spaces to leave the human-dominated world behind.Stacking rocks and leaving them for others to see is a kind of environmental graffiti (涂鸦). And then there's the impact rock-stacking has on life in and near water, especially our already threatened freshwater ecosystems.Various insects and small crustaceans (甲壳类动物), like crabs, depend on rocks for shelter, and rocks create pockets of water which they wait in until the next tide comes in.Shorebirds depend on those insects, crabs, and other animals for food.Rock stacking disturbs these natural hidey-holes. Knowing all this, I'm going to stop stacking rocks from now on.I don't need to “leave my mark” on the environment, and I sure don't want to upset an animal or insect's home. 5．What is a thing the author tends to do at the seaside? A．Playing in the water. B．Stacking up round stones. C．Taking pictures of tadpoles. D．Sharing photos through Instagram. 6．What is the author's purpose in writing paragraph 2? A．To recommend some stone-stacking games. B．To suggest stacking stones be regarded as art. C．To warn that stone-stacking activities can be harmful. D．To inspire readers to challenge Internet-famous rock stackers. 7．What are the cairns in Scotland used as? A．Path indicators. B．Creative idea markers. C．Environmental decorations. D．Wildlife protection barriers. 8．What would be the best title for the text? A．Turning rock stacking into a hobby B．The risks of rock-stacking activities C．The surprising discoveries in rock stacking D．Getting closer to nature by stacking stones [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者反思堆叠石头的行为及其对自然环境和生态系统的危害。 5．解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“But if there are stones around—especially the pleasingly round ones—I find myself stacking them up.(但如果周围有石头——尤其是那些可爱的圆石头——我就会把它们堆起来)”可知，作者在海边倾向于堆叠圆形的石头。故选B。 6．解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“But now everyone is doing the stone-stacking thing, and it's not as harmless as it seems.(但现在每个人都在做堆积石头的事情，这并不像看起来那么无害。)”可知，作者写第二段的目的是警告人们堆叠石头的活动可能是有害的。故选C。 7．解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Add to that the historic significance of cairn (石碓) in Scotland, used for landmarks and to show safe ways.(此外，苏格兰的石碓也具有历史意义，它被用作地标，并显示安全的道路。)”可知，苏格兰的石碓被用作路标。故选A。 8．解析　B　主旨大意题。根据第二段“But now everyone is doing the stone-stacking thing, and it's not as harmless as it seems.(但现在每个人都在做堆积石头的事情，这并不像看起来那么无害。)”及第四段中“And then there's the impact rock-stacking has on life in and near water, especially our already threatened freshwater ecosystems.(然后是堆积岩石对水里和水附近的生命的影响，尤其是我们已经受到威胁的淡水生态系统。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了堆叠石头的活动可能带来的风险。B选项“堆石活动的风险”为最佳标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Imagine walking into your local library and borrowing a new clothing item instead of a book.__1__．Clothing libraries，where visitors can check out clothes，are appearing online and even inside traditional book libraries. Fast fashion has enabled people to find their style and express themselves quickly and cheaply.__2__．The fashion industry produces about 175 million tons of textiles (纺织品) annually，yet only 6.6 million tons are actually used.The remaining 169 million tons are discarded in landfills.Reusing clothes can significantly lower one's carbon footprints.This has increased the popularity of clothing libraries，which focus on recycling and reusing.Initially offering expensive or special occasion wear，many now also include everyday clothing. Although most clothing libraries operate online，Lizzie chose to place them in local libraries instead.She founded an organization in 2023 to promote clothing exchanges at Oswestry Library.__3__．This helps her see an opportunity to advance secondhand fashion and attract visitors.Lizzie believed libraries provided the perfect comfortable setting for trying new styles. __4__．Many clothing exchanges use a point system requiring donations，but at Oswestry Library，only a library card was needed.With the card，users could check out books or clothing for three weeks and renew them.Each piece of clothing has a barcode (条形码) with the donor's name，which makes clothes feel special. The Oswestry project perfectly combines fashion with literature，proving that a library visit can refresh one's mind，wallet，and wardrobe.This initiative (新方案) benefits the local library，community，and organizers.For Lizzie，the greatest joy lies in seeing people discover and value recycled clothing.__5__． A．However，it does come at a cost B．It also helps reduce waste in the book industry C．It quickly grew into a clothing lending program D．This new idea is already a reality in some places E．A famous designer decided to start her own business F．The Oswestry clothing library works just like its book service G．This creates a wonderful feeling of shared community and responsibility [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新兴的衣物图书馆，旨在解决快时尚带来的浪费问题。文章以奥斯韦斯特里图书馆的衣物借阅项目为例，说明了衣物图书馆如何通过借阅和循环利用来减少浪费，并为社区带来益处。 1．解析　D　考查上下文衔接。上文提出“图书馆借衣服”的设想，D选项“这个新想法在一些地方已经成为现实”承接上文，且“this new idea”与上文设想呼应，符合逻辑。故选D。 2．解析　A　考查上下文衔接。上文说明快时尚的优点，下文阐述其造成的浪费问题，A选项“然而，它确实是有代价的”起到承上启下作用，引出快时尚的负面影响。故选A。 3．解析　C　考查上下文衔接。上文提到Lizzie成立组织推广衣物交换，下文说明该组织带来的好处，C选项“它很快发展成为一个衣物借阅项目”补充组织的发展过程，衔接上下文。故选C。 4．解析　F　考查上下文衔接。下文对比奥斯威斯特里图书馆与其他衣物交换的不同(仅需借书证)，F选项“奥斯威斯特里衣物图书馆的运作方式就像它的图书服务一样”引出其独特运作模式，为下文铺垫。故选F。 5．解析　G　考查上下文衔接。上文提到Lizzie看到人们珍视回收衣物的快乐，G选项“这创造了一种美妙的社区共享和责任感”进一步说明这种快乐的深远影响，衔接自然。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The cheetah (猎豹)，an expert hunter, sits 1. (silent) atop a hill and scans the herds of feeding animals looking for the perfect prey (猎物).Finding a target, it moves quietly through the grass until it is close enough 2. (know) it can get its reward. The cheetah is perfectly built for the kill.Its coloring helps it to disappear into the landscape to avoid 3. (see).And its speed over a short distance, the fastest in the animal world, 4. (allow) it to chase (追逐) its target.Once the prey is killed, the cheetah pulls the carcass to a safe place, even 5. (pull) it up into a tree to stop other predators(捕食性动物) from stealing 6. . However, the cheetah is also a highly 7. (endanger) animal.Once found throughout Asia and Africa, cheetahs today are racing toward 8. (extinct).Loss of habitat and declining numbers of their prey threaten the future of cheetahs.To change the fall in cheetah numbers, animal lovers are taking measures to protect them.9. addition, conservation groups are encouraging local farmers to protect cheetahs 10. come to their land.It will be a sad day if this beautiful animal disappears from our planet. [语篇解读]　文章是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上短距离跑得最快的动物——猎豹，包括它的捕食方式等，同时告诉我们猎豹面临灭绝的危险。 1．解析　silently　考查副词。句意：猎豹，一个专业的猎手，静静地坐在山顶上，扫视着数群正在进食的动物，寻找完美的猎物。本空修饰动词sits，应用副词silently “静静地”。故填silently。 2．解析　to know　考查不定式。句意：一找到目标，它会静静地在草丛中移动，直到它离目标足够近，近到可以知道自己能得到回报。enough to do sth意为“足够做某事”，故本空应用不定式。故填to know。 3．解析　being seen　考查固定结构及动词的语态。句意：它的颜色有助于它融入周围环境中，以避免被看到。avoid doing sth“避免做某事”。it(the cheetah)与see为被动关系，故填being seen。故填being seen。 4．解析　allows　考查时态及主谓一致。句意：它在短距离内的速度是动物世界中最快的，这使得它可以追逐自己的目标。根据前后文可知，本句应用一般现在时；本句主语为its speed。故本空动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填allows。 5．解析　pulling　考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦猎物被杀死，猎豹就会把尸体拖到安全的地方，甚至会把尸体拖到树上，以防止其他捕食性动物偷走它。本句主语the cheetah和动词pull之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填pulling。 6．解析　it　考查代词。根据句意可知，本空应用代词it指代前面提到的the carcass。故填it。 7．解析　endangered　考查形容词。句意：然而，猎豹也是一种非常濒危的动物。本空修饰名词animal，故应用形容词endangered“濒临灭绝的”。故填endangered。 8．解析　extinction　考查名词。句意：曾经发现猎豹遍布亚洲和非洲，如今正濒临灭绝。本空在介词toward后，故应用名词extinction“灭绝”。故填extinction。 9．解析　In　考查固定短语。句意：此外，保护团体鼓励当地农民保护进入他们土地的猎豹。in addition意为“另外，此外”，故填In。 10．解析　that/which　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰cheetahs，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $