专题01 Unit 1 Know yourself 课文讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新九年级英语暑期预习系列（新教材译林版）

专题01 Unit 1 Know yourself 课文讲解（暑假讲义） Reading 一．单词学习 1.organized /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/adj. 有条理的 2.order /ˈɔːdə(r)/n. 条理；顺序　 3.keep … in (good) order 保持整齐 4.explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/vt. & vi. 解释 5.come up with 想出，找到 (答案) 6.careless /ˈkeələs/adj. 粗心的 7.neither /ˈnaɪðə(r)/adv. 也不　det. & pron. 两者都不　 8.neither … nor … 既不… 也不… 9.nor /nɔː(r)/conj. & adv. 也不 10.*accountant /əˈkaʊntənt/n. 会计 11.suppose /səˈpəʊz/vt. & vi. 认为，推断；假设 12.social /ˈsəʊʃl/adj. 好交际的；社交的 13.*involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/vt. 包含，需要；牵涉 14.*impress /ɪmˈpres/vt. & vi. 使留下深刻的好印象 15.imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/n. 想象力 16.manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/n. 经理 17.*quit /kwɪt/vt. & vi. 离开，离任 18.suit /suːt/vt. 适合 19.railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/n. 铁路；铁路系统 20.mention /ˈmenʃn/vt. 提到，说到，写到 21.standard /ˈstændəd/n. 标准 adj 标准的 22.*tough /tʌf/adj. 艰难的 23.at all times 总是，随时，永远 二．课文学习 Reading People who are happy with their jobs Wu Wei, artist “He‘s a born artist. He’s quiet, but his work shouts.” This is how Wu Wei‘s best friend described him. Wu Wei’s creative work impresses not only his friends but also the whole town. His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the art community. “I‘ve always enjoyed using my imagination to make great art,” he said. “I want to keep sharing new, interesting work with people.” Su Ming, sales manager Su Ming quit her job as an accountant five years ago and started working in sales for a big company. “I’m active and energetic, and I love working with people. But in my last job, I had to work with numbers most of the time.” Su Ming is now the sales manager of the company. “I‘m happy that I changed my job. This one suits me better,” she added. Liu Hao, engineer Liu Hao, together with his team, has just completed the high-speed railway project connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin. As the lead engineer, he is serious about his work and pays attention to every detail. “To us, a miss is as good as a mile. Any mistake may cost lives,” said Mr Liu. One of his team members mentioned, “He always works to high standards, but he’s modest and easy to work with.” Fang Yuan, doctor Fang Yuan, a doctor at Sunshine Hospital, is kind and patient. She loves her job very much. “I wanted to be a doctor when I was very young. I think nothing is more meaningful than helping the sick and saving lives,” she explained. Working at a hospital can be tough. Doctors must be very careful at all times and often work long hours. But Ms Fang thinks it is worth it. 吴伟，艺术家 “他是一位天生的艺术家。他很安静，但他的作品却极具说服力。”这是吴伟最好的朋友对他的描述。吴伟的创作不仅打动了他的朋友们，也震撼了整个城镇。他为阳光镇广场创作的雕塑赢得了艺术界的高度赞扬。“我一直喜欢用我的想象力去创作伟大的艺术，”他说，“我想不断与人们分享新颖、有趣的作品。” 苏明，销售经理 苏明五年前辞去了会计工作，开始在一家大公司做销售。“我积极、充满活力，而且喜欢与人打交道。但在上一份工作中，我大部分时间都得和数字打交道。”苏明现在是这家公司的销售经理。“我很高兴我换了工作。这份工作更适合我，”她补充道。 刘浩，工程师 刘浩和他的团队刚刚完成了连接阳光镇和天津的高速铁路项目。作为首席工程师，他对待工作一丝不苟，注重每一个细节。“对我们来说，失之毫厘，谬以千里。任何错误都可能付出生命的代价，”刘先生说。他的一位团队成员提到：“他总是以高标准工作，但很谦虚，容易共事。” 方媛，医生 方媛是阳光医院的一名医生，她善良且耐心。她非常热爱自己的工作。“我很小的时候就梦想成为一名医生。我认为没有什么比帮助病人、拯救生命更有意义了，”她解释道。在医院工作可能很辛苦。医生必须时刻保持高度谨慎，并且经常长时间工作。但方女士认为这一切都是值得的。 三．课内知识解析 1. organized /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有条理的 词性转换：形容词organized → 动词organize（组织）→ 名词organization（组织） 反义词：disorganized（无条理的） 被动语态用法：be well organized（被组织得井井有条） 短语搭配 an organized person 一个有条理的人 一个有条理的学生总能按时完成作业。An organized student can always finish homework on time. keep sth organized 使某物保持有序 我们应该把重要的文件整理好，方便查找。We should keep important documents organized for easy reference. 拓展词汇 organize v. 组织；organization n. 组织；disorganized adj. 无条理的 作文优句 Being an organized person not only helps us finish tasks efficiently, but also reduces unnecessary stress in our daily study and life.（做一个有条理的人不仅能帮助我们高效完成任务，还能减少日常学习和生活中不必要的压力。） 2. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ n. 条理；顺序；命令；订单 v. 命令；订购 一词多义：① 条理；顺序（最常考）；② 命令；③ 订单；④ 动词“命令；订购” 词性转换：名词order → 形容词orderly（有秩序的） 被动语态：be ordered to do sth（被命令做某事） 短语搭配 • keep...in (good) order 保持整齐 离开教室前请把书整理好。Please keep your books in good order before leaving the classroom. in order to do sth / in order that......为了做某事 她早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 She gets up early in order to catch the first bus. She gets up early in order that she can catch the first bus.  • take one's order 点餐 先生，现在可以点餐了吗？May I take your order now, sir? 拓展词汇 • orderly adj. 有秩序的；disorder n. 混乱 作文优句 In order to make our school a better place, we should follow the school rules and keep our campus in good order（为了让我们的学校变得更美好，我们应该遵守校规，保持校园整洁有序。） 3. explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ vt.&vi. 解释 易错用法：不能说explain sb sth，必须用explain sth to sb（向某人解释某事，易错点） 词性转换：动词explain → 名词explanation（解释） 宾语从句用法：explain that/what/how从句 短语搭配 • explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 你能给我解释一下这道数学题的解题步骤吗？Can you explain the steps of solving this math problem to me? • explain oneself 解释自己的行为 你需要解释一下为什么又迟到了。You need to explain yourself for being late again. • give a clear explanation 给出清晰的解释 她对这个问题做了清晰的解释。She gave a clear explanation of the problem. 拓展词汇 • explanation n. 解释；explanatory adj. 解释性的 作文优句 When we have misunderstandings with others, we should communicate patiently and explain our thoughts clearly to solve the problem.（当我们和别人有误会时，应该耐心沟通，清晰地解释自己的想法来解决问题。） 4. careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的 词性转换：形容词careless → 副词carelessly → 名词carelessness（粗心） 反义词：careful（细心的） 短语搭配 • be careless about sth 对某事粗心 如果你对工作粗心，就会犯很多错误。If you are careless about your work, you will make many mistakes. • make careless mistakes 犯粗心的错误 很多学生在考试中都会犯一些本可以避免的粗心错误。Many students make some avoidable careless mistakes in exams. • It is careless of sb to do sth 某人做某事太粗心 他开车时打电话，真是太粗心了。It is careless of him to talk on the phone while driving. 拓展词汇 • careful adj. 细心的；carefully adv. 细心地；carefulness n. 细心 作文质句 We should develop a careful habit in our study and life, because being careless may lead to serious mistakes and even unnecessary losses.（我们应该在学习和生活中养成细心的习惯，因为粗心可能会导致严重的错误甚至不必要的损失。） 5. neither...nor... 既不…也不… 主谓一致：遵循就近原则，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致（中考必考） 反义短语：both...and...（两者都，谓语动词用复数） 可连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等 短语搭配 • neither A nor B 既不A也不B 你和她都不喜欢玩电脑游戏。Neither you nor she likes playing computer games. • neither...nor... 连接谓语 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。He neither smokes nor drinks. • neither...nor... 连接表语 今天天气既不太热也不太冷。The weather is neither too hot nor too cold today. 作文优句 A good student should neither be proud of good grades nor lose heart when facing failures.（一个好学生既不应该因为好成绩而骄傲，也不应该在面对失败时灰心。） 6. suppose /səˈpəʊz/ vt.&vi. 认为，推断；假设 口语用法：I suppose so（我想是吧）/ I don't suppose so（我想不是） 短语搭配 • be supposed to do sth 应该做某事（相当于should do sth） 你应该在8点前交作业。You are supposed to hand in your homework before 8 o'clock. • suppose that 从句 认为…… 我认为他明天会回来。I suppose that he will come back tomorrow. • be supposed to have done sth 本应该做某事 你本应该昨天就完成这项工作的。You are supposed to have finished the work yesterday. 作文质句 As middle school students, we are supposed to respect our teachers, get along well with our classmates and study hard.（作为中学生，我们应该尊敬老师，和同学友好相处，努力学习。） 7. social /ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 好交际的；社交的 词性转换：形容词social → 名词society（社会） 常修饰名词构成复合词：social life（社交生活）、social problem（社会问题）、social responsibility（社会责任） • 动词：socialize（社交） 短语搭配 • social skills 社交技能 我们应该通过与人交流来培养社交技能。We should develop our social skills by communicating with others. • social activities 社会活动 我们应该多参加一些有意义的社会活动。We should take part in more meaningful social activities. • social responsibility 社会责任 每个人都应该承担自己的社会责任。Everyone should take their social responsibility. 拓展词汇 • society n. 社会；socialism n. 社会主义；socialize v. 社交 作文优句 Participating in social activities not only helps us improve our social skills, but also makes us more responsible for society.（参加社会活动不仅能帮助我们提高社交技能，还能让我们对社会更有责任感。） 8. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含，需要；牵涉 词性转换：动词involve → 形容词involved（参与的；牵涉的）→ 名词involvement（参与） 短语搭配 • involve doing sth 需要做某事 学习一门外语需要每天坚持练习。Learning a foreign language involves practicing every day. • be involved in 参与；牵涉 他被卷入了一场交通事故中。He was involved in a traffic accident. • involve sb in sth 使某人参与某事 老师让我们都参与到班级讨论中。The teacher involved us all in the class discussion. 拓展词汇 • involved adj. 参与的；牵涉的；involvement n. 参与 作文优句 We should actively be involved in volunteer activities, because helping others can bring us happiness and a sense of achievement.（我们应该积极参与志愿者活动，因为帮助别人能给我们带来快乐和成就感。） 10. impress /ɪmˈpres/ vt.&vi. 使留下深刻的好印象 词性转换：动词impress → 名词impression（印象）→ 形容词impressive（令人印象深刻的） 短语搭配 • impress sb with sth 用某事给某人留下深刻印象 这个男孩用他的勇气给我们留下了深刻印象。The boy impressed us with his courage. • make a good impression on sb 给某人留下好印象 他的精彩演讲给观众留下了很好的印象。His wonderful speech made a good impression on the audience. • be impressed by/with sth 被某事留下深刻印象 游客们都被这座古老城市的美丽所吸引。The tourists were impressed by the beauty of the ancient city. 拓展词汇 • impression n. 印象；impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 作文优句 If we want to make a good impression on others, we should be polite, honest and willing to help others.（如果我们想给别人留下好印象，我们应该有礼貌、诚实并且乐于助人。） 11. manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理 词性转换：名词manager → 动词manage（管理；设法做成）→ 名词management（管理） 高频搭配：manage to do sth（设法做成某事，强调成功，中考必考） • 职业类名词，常与of搭配：the manager of... 短语搭配 • a general manager 总经理 总经理今天下午会给我们做演讲。The general manager will give us a speech this afternoon. • manage to do sth 设法做成某事（强调成功） 尽管遇到了很多困难，我们还是设法完成了项目。Although we met many difficulties, we managed to complete the project. • the manager of... ……的经理 这家餐厅的经理对顾客非常友好。The manager of the restaurant is very friendly to customers. 拓展词汇 • manage v. 管理；设法做成；management n. 管理 作文优句 A good manager should not only have excellent management skills, but also know how to get along well with his employees.（一个好的经理不仅要有出色的管理能力，还要知道如何和员工友好相处。） 12. quit /kwɪt/ vt.&vi. 离开，离任；停止 过去式和过去分词：quit（不规则变化，同原形；也可写作quitted，较少用） 短语搭配 • quit one's job 辞职 她因为要照顾孩子而辞职了。She quit her job to take care of her baby. • quit doing sth 停止做某事 为了健康你应该戒烟。You should quit smoking for your health. • quit school 辍学 在老师和同学的帮助下，他决定不再辍学，继续学习。With the help of teachers and classmates, he decided not to quit school and continued his studies. 作文优句 We should never quit our dreams easily, no matter how many difficulties we may face in the future.（无论未来遇到多少困难，我们都不应该轻易放弃自己的梦想。） 13. mention /ˈmenʃn/ vt. 提到，说到，写到 拓展搭配：not to mention（更不用说） 短语搭配 • mention doing sth 提到做某事 她提到她想去国外深造。She mentioned going abroad for further study. • Don't mention it. 不客气（用于回答感谢） 谢谢你帮我搬箱子。- 不客气。Thank you for helping me carry the box. - Don't mention it. • mention that 从句 提到…… 老师提到我们下周会有一场英语测试。The teacher mentioned that we would have an English test next week. 作文优句 When we talk about the great changes in our hometown, we always mention the new roads, tall buildings and beautiful parks that have been built in recent years.（当我们谈论家乡的巨大变化时，总是会提到近年来修建的新道路、高楼和美丽的公园。） 14. tough /tʌf/ adj. 艰难的；坚硬的；坚强的 常考含义：艰难的（相当于difficult/hard） 词性转换：形容词tough → 副词toughly → 名词toughness（坚韧） 比较级：tougher；最高级：toughest 短语搭配 • a tough time 艰难的时期 在他生病期间，他的家人度过了一段艰难的时期。His family had a tough time while he was ill. • a tough person 坚强的人 她是个坚强的女孩，从不轻易放弃。She is a tough girl who never gives up easily. • a tough problem 难题 我们正在努力解决这个难题。We are trying to solve this tough problem. 作文优句 Life is full of tough challenges, but if we are brave and persistent, we can overcome any difficulty and achieve success.（生活充满了艰难的挑战，但如果我们勇敢且坚持，我们就能克服任何困难，取得成功。） 四．随堂训练 一、根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母写出单词 1. Lucy is such a ______(好交际的) girl that she can get along well with different people and make new friends easily. 2. Tom lost the chance to get good grades because he was so ______(粗心的) that he made many silly mistakes. 3. My father patiently ______(解释) why I should keep trying until I finally understood what he meant. 4. ______(假设) you had to live without the internet for a month, how would you stay connected with your friends? 5. I believe this experience will make me more ______(有条理的). 6. Back in her study, the girl was surprised to find everything kept in good o______, and all her books laid out neatly on the shelf. 7. Millie is p______. When I talk to her about my problems, she always listens carefully and offers me some useful advice. 8. N______ of the two solutions is perfect, so we need to find a third option. 9. With rich ______(想象力), we can create wonderful stories and come up with new ideas in our daily life. 10. The ______(经理) of the company are always kind and ready to help the workers work better. 二．用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. A lot of football fans say it's worth ______(watch) the matches in person. 2. —To have a healthy life, what else should I pay attention to ______(shape) my body? —Maybe you should do more exercise. 3. The boy will surely make great ______(improve) in his listening and speaking if he is hard-working enough. 4. My classmates and I ______(win) several prizes in different competitions since we joined the art club. 5. My parents always keep ______(mention) the importance of good habits when we talk about my study. Integration 一．单词学习1 1.behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/n. (AmE behavior) 表现方式；行为 2.pass sth on to sb 传给某人 3.son /sʌn/n. 儿子 4.remain /rɪˈmeɪn/linking v. 保持不变，仍然是 5.confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/adj. 自信的 6.likely /ˈlaɪkli/adv. 可能　adj. 可能的 7.negative /ˈneɡətɪv/adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的 8.*lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/n. 演讲，讲座 9.connection /kəˈnekʃn/n. 关联；联结 10.speaker /ˈspiːkə(r)/n. 发言者；讲（某种语言）的人 11.point /pɔɪnt/vt. & vi. 指向，指引 12.point out 指出 二．课文学习1 Integration A: How is your personality formed? 原文： Your personality is a special mix of your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. How is your personality formed? Most people believe that it is influenced by both nature and the environment. By nature Some parts of your personality are passed on to you by your parents. That is why people say, “Like father, like son.” Sometimes, these qualities do not change easily and may remain the same for your whole life. By the environment The environment, including your education, your experiences as well as the people around you, can change your personality. For example, you may become confident if you successfully complete difficult tasks through hard work. That is how your experiences influence your personality. These things all influence your personality. In other words, a mix of nature and the environment most likely shapes your personality. 你的个性是你的思想、情感和行为的独特融合。你的个性是如何形成的？大多数人认为它受到天性和环境的共同影响。 天性 你个性的某些部分是由父母遗传给你的。这就是为什么人们常说“有其父必有其子”。有时，这些品质不容易改变，可能会持续一生。 环境 环境，包括你所受的教育、你的经历以及你周围的人，都能改变你的个性。例如，如果你通过努力成功完成了艰巨的任务，你可能会变得自信。这就是你的经历如何影响你的个性。 所有这些都影响你的个性。换句话说，极有可能是天性和环境共同塑造了你的个性。 三．单词学习2 1.position /pəˈzɪʃn/n. 职位；位置 2.president /ˈprezɪdənt/n. 主席；院长；董事长 3.cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/vi. 合作 4.voice /vɔɪs/vt. 表达 5.consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/vt. & vi. 仔细考虑 四．课文学习2 Integration D2 Simon‘s recommendation letter Dear Mr Wu, I am writing to recommend David for president of the Students’ Union. David has all of the qualities for the position. David has excellent communication skills and is able to work well with others. He not only knows how to express himself clearly, but is also good at listening to others. What‘s more, he is a good team player. He knows how to work with different kinds of people. These abilities allow him to cooperate well with our classmates and teachers. David has many other good qualities. He is very helpful. He spends a lot of time helping with our class projects. He is creative too. Recently, he came up with some new ways to improve our school’s recycling project. David is also confident and never afraid to voice his ideas. He thinks he can do things well if he tries his best. For all of these reasons, I believe that David is the right choice for president of the Students‘ Union. I hope that you consider him for this position. Yours sincerely, Luo Yang 亲爱的吴老师： 我写信是为了推荐戴维担任学生会主席。戴维具备这个职位所需的所有品质。 戴维有出色的沟通能力，并且能够与他人良好合作。他不仅知道如何清晰地表达自己，还善于倾听他人。更重要的是，他是一个很好的团队成员。他知道如何与不同类型的人合作。这些能力使他能与我们的同学和老师很好地配合。 戴维还有许多其他优秀品质。他非常乐于助人。他花很多时间帮助我们班的项目。他也很有创造力。最近，他想出了一些新方法来改进我们学校的回收项目。戴维也很自信，从不害怕表达自己的想法。他认为只要尽力而为，就能把事情做好。 基于以上所有原因，我相信戴维是学生会主席的正确人选。希望您能考虑让他担任这个职位。 此致 敬礼 罗阳 五．课内知识解析2 1. behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. (AmE behavior) 表现方式；行为 不可数名词，无复数形式 词性转换：名词behaviour → 动词behave（表现；举止） 短语搭配 • good/bad behaviour 良好/不良行为 他的不良行为受到了老师的批评。His bad behaviour was criticized by the teacher. • behave oneself 举止得体 在晚宴上请举止得体。Please behave yourself at the dinner party. • improve one's behaviour 改善自己的行为 他决定改善自己的行为，做一个好学生。He decided to improve his behaviour and be a good student. 拓展词汇 • behave v. 表现；举止；behavioural adj. 行为的 作文优句 Good behaviour is a sign of good education. We should always behave politely and respectfully in public places.（良好的行为是良好教育的标志。我们应该在公共场所始终举止礼貌、尊重他人。） 2. remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ linking v. 保持不变，仍然是；vi. 剩余；逗留 连系动词用法：后接形容词作表语，无被动语态 不及物动词用法：表示“剩余；逗留” 短语搭配 • remain silent 保持沉默 当老师问他问题时，他保持沉默。He remained silent when the teacher asked him a question. • remain at home 待在家里 她待在家里照顾生病的妈妈。She remained at home to take care of her sick mother. • remain to be done 有待被做 这个问题有待解决。This problem remains to be solved. 作文优句 No matter how the world changes, we should remain true to ourselves and stick to our dreams.（无论世界如何变化，我们都应该保持初心，坚持自己的梦想。） 3. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的 词性转换：形容词confident → 名词confidence（信心） 短语搭配 • be confident of/about sth 对某事有信心 她有信心通过期末考试。She is confident of passing the final exam. • be confident to do sth 有信心做某事 只要你努力，你就有信心克服任何困难。As long as you work hard, you will be confident to overcome any difficulty. • have confidence in sb 对某人有信心 父母应该对自己的孩子有信心。Parents should have confidence in their children. 拓展词汇 • confidence n. 信心；confidently adv. 自信地 作文优句 Being confident is very important for us. It can help us face difficulties bravely and achieve our goals more easily.（自信对我们来说非常重要。它能帮助我们勇敢地面对困难，更容易地实现自己的目标。） 4. likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adv. 可能；adj. 可能的 反义词：unlikely（不可能的） 短语搭配 • be likely to do sth 可能做某事 今天晚上可能会下雨。It is likely to rain this evening. • It is likely that... 很可能…… 他很可能会赢得比赛。It is likely that he will win the game. • be unlikely to do sth 不可能做某事 他不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。He is unlikely to finish the work in such a short time. 作文优句 If we work hard and prepare well, we are likely to achieve good grades in the exam.（如果我们努力学习，做好准备，我们很可能在考试中取得好成绩。） 5. voice /vɔɪs/ vt. 表达；n. 嗓音 动词用法：意为“表达（观点、意见等）” 名词用法：指人的嗓音，辨析：voice（人的嗓音）、sound（自然界的一切声音）、noise（噪音，中考必考辨析） 短语搭配 • voice one's opinion 表达某人的观点 每个人都应该有表达自己观点的权利。Everyone should have the right to voice their opinions. • a beautiful voice 一副好嗓子 她有一副好嗓子，想成为一名歌手。She has a beautiful voice and she wants to be a singer. • keep your voice down 小声说话 在图书馆里请小声说话。Please keep your voice down in the library. 作文优句 Everyone has the right to voice their opinions, but we should express our views politely and respect others' opinions at the same time.（每个人都有表达自己观点的权利，但我们应该礼貌地表达自己的看法，同时尊重别人的意见。） 6. consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ vt.&vi. 仔细考虑；认为 词性转换：动词consider → 名词consideration（考虑）→ 形容词considerate（体贴的）→ 副词considerately（体贴地） 短语搭配 • consider doing sth 考虑做某事（不能接不定式to do） 我已经多次考虑去南京过暑假了。I have considered going to Nanjing for the summer vacation many times. • consider sb/sth (as) sth 认为某人/某物是……（as可省略，被动语态常考） 长城被认为是世界七大奇迹之一。The Great Wall is considered as one of the seven wonders of the world. • consider it + adj./n. + to do sth 认为做某事是……的 我认为保护我们周围的环境是我们的责任。I consider it our duty to protect the environment around us. 拓展词汇 • consideration n. 考虑 常用搭配：take sth into consideration（把某事考虑在内） 计划野餐时，你应该把天气考虑在内。You should take the weather into consideration when planning a picnic. • considerate adj. 体贴的 常用搭配：be considerate of sb（体谅某人） 你帮助老人过马路，真是太体贴了。It is considerate of you to help the elderly cross the road. • considerately adv. 体贴地 作文优句 When we make important decisions in our life, we should not only consider our own feelings but also take our parents' advice into consideration, because they have more life experience and always care about us most.（当我们在生活中做重要决定时，不仅要考虑自己的感受，还要听取父母的建议，因为他们有更多的人生经验，而且总是最关心我们的人。） 六．随堂训练 一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示或首字母写出单词 1. Whether to keep waiting ______(仍然是) a question. 2. Try not to let ______(消极的) thoughts take over. 3. The teacher wants the children to feel ______(自信的) about asking questions when they don’t understand. 4. To make their project more successful, the two groups agreed to ______(合作) with each other. 5. You do have to ______(仔细考虑) the feelings of those around you. 6. The p______ of the Students’ Union, who is known for his hard work, will give a speech when the school sports meeting begins. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. If you keep trying your best, it is ______(like) that you will make great progress. 2. Many people don’t realise the close ______(connect) that exists between maintaining good health and developing good living habits. 3. Finally, he ______(success) in working out the problem with his teacher’s help. 4. She ______(consider) one of the most hard-working students in our class. 5. Some great ______(speak) were not confident at all when they were young. 综合训练 一．完形填空 先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并将选项填涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 It’s 5:30 a. m., and your phone rings. A police officer says someone 1 a store and took some expensive items. They need you right away. It is your job to study the whole scene for clues that will help catch the 2 . You are a crime scene investigator (侦查员), and the game is 3 . Outside the store, you see a broken window, 4 there is no glass on the street. There are some shoe prints. You look at 5 . They’re large, so you’re likely looking for a man. You took photos of the shoe’s pattern (花纹). This can tell you the 6 of shoe. You then measure (测量) the space between the shoe prints. You know 7 the person’s steps (步子) were. This gives you an idea of how tall the thief was. The most important clues will come from a person’s body. You find some fingerprints near the broken window. Using a computer, you can compare (比较) these prints against millions of others. You also find a hair. You 8 it, because you know hair has a person’s DNA．You can compare this with other people’s DNA, too. 9 you find a match for the fingerprint or the DNA, you will know who was in the store. Will you find the thief? You now have a lot of information, so it’s 10 . For a crime scene investigator, it’s all in a day’s work. 1．A．broke into B．broke down C．broke out D．broke up 2．A．boss B．victim C．thief D．witness 3．A．off B．on C．over D．out 4．A．and B．so C．because D．but 5．A．it B．them C．him D．her 6．A．type B．colour C．price D．sales 7．A．how many B．how old C．how long D．how much 8．A．miss B．keep C．cut D．brush 9．A．Though B．Whether C．If D．Before 10．A．peaceful B．personal C．popular D．possible 二．阅读理解 What’s your dream job? How much do you know about it? A group of students from Tianjin found a very common problem among young teenagers: Most of them have little idea about their career plans as there is too little help from school or family. To offer teenagers helpful advice on career, the students from Tianjin TEDA No. 1 Middle School started a project called “Dian Zhi Cheng Shi (点职成诗)”. “Our survey shows that 72% of students want to know more about different jobs. Being doctors is one of the best jobs,” said Wang Xinran, 16, the project leader. According to students’ needs, the team interviewed 32 excellent workers with different jobs and put their interviews on the Internet. These workers shared true stories behind each job, allowing students to learn about the jobs further. “We also invited the workers to give speeches in our school. In this way, students could have a chance to talk to them face to face,” said Wang. Team member Lu Jinyan said his most impressive interview was with a photographer. “I thought being a photographer was cool and romantic in the past. But now I realize that they need to deal with lots of problems, such as a sudden change of weather or broken cameras. They also need to communicate with different people. This is not easy.” But the project doesn’t mean to disappoint (使失望) students by telling them the truth. “We want to show the workers’ love and spirit of never giving up instead of the bad sides,” said group member Zhao Yajie. “The project’s name means to turn a career into a poem. We believe working is not just about bread and butter. It should be like a poem, full of love and beauty. And we hope our project can let students know that.” 11．Why do most students know little about their career plans? A．Because it’s a common problem among them. B．Because schools or families can hardly provide help. C．Because students may meet problems in their families. D．Because students don’t want to know more about different jobs. 12．The purpose of the project “Dian Zhi Cheng Shi” is to ________. A．turn students’ dream jobs into beautiful poems B．help students communicate with different people C．provide useful career advice for teenagers D．make students disappointed by telling them the truth 13．What can students do after they join “Dian Zhi Cheng Shi” according to the passage? A．Show their love and spirit of never giving up. B．Interview team members face to face. C．Give speeches in school. D．Learn about the true job situation. 14．What does the project member Lu Jinyan think of being a photographer now? A．Hard and challenging. B．Cool and romantic. C．Exciting and amazing. D．Practical and meaningful. 15．What is the best title for the passage? A．Dealing with job Problems B．Communicating with Workers C．Knowing about Dream Jobs D．Learning Poems about Jobs 三．语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Xie Tianlei is a primary school student from a village in Changsha, Hunan. 16 he is young, he knows a lot about astronomy (天文学). “I’m very 17 (interest) in astronomy. I want to be an astronomer when I grow up,” Xie said on a local TV show late last year. “It is amazing that there are many stars with lots of 18 (mystery) in the sky for us to explain.” Touched by the boy’s desire (渴望) for knowledge, the TV show’s production team decided 19 (invite) some people to work together to build an observatory (天文台) in the village. Wang Qiu’an, a designer (设计师), designed the observatory for free. “It’s my honor to do something for village children,” he said. Many local people and the local government helped a lot 20 the building of the observatory. On January 3, 2022, the observatory 21 (open). Because of it, Xie and many children in his village have realized their dream of 22 (enjoy) the night stars by getting closer to space. Some professional astronomers have come to the observatory more than 10 times to talk with the children and help 23 (they) observe space. The observatory has also attracted (吸引) around 300, 000 24 (visit). The local government plans to do more to attract more people to experience the 25 (beautiful) of the village and the night sky. 四．阅读表达 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 I’m a rather smart person who has spent nearly 10 years learning mechanics（机械学）, but I have no formal education. I have always struggled to make people trust me. This year, I started another factory job, which provided a bit higher pay than my last one. I was making $13. 50 an hour at my last job and hardly make a living. I felt I would probably live a better life! My neighbor bought a used Harley motorcycle that everyone thought it had some serious damage. After taking a look at it, I said that I would be able to repair it. As a result, I saved them $2, 000 that they expected to pay to rebuild it. They were impressed with my work and told many of their friends about me. I got a lot of new business just through word of mouth. In about two months I had over a dozen people coming to me for work and I was making great money. I was making thousands a month from part-time jobs on a good month. But because of the instability of the work, it was not certain for me to get enough money every month, I still couldn’t leave my day job at that point. Then I got a job through one of my customers working on heavy equipment and diesel trucks （柴油汽 车）. I was able to impress them by solving difficult problems quickly. They offered me another job that started even higher - $17 an hour. I finally made some progress. In one year’s time I went from being the lowest level worker to having bosses ask me to work for them. Now I can honestly say I feel truly proud of myself and my skills. 根据文本内容回答下面5个问题, 每题答案不超过7个词。 26．Why has the writer tried his best to get others’ trust? 27．When did the writer get more business? 28．How much money can the writer make if he does a part-time job for 3 hours now? 29．Why couldn’t the writer leave his day job? 30．What can we learn from the writer? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Unit 1 Know yourself 课文讲解（暑假讲义） Reading 一．单词学习 1.organized /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/adj. 有条理的 2.order /ˈɔːdə(r)/n. 条理；顺序　 3.keep … in (good) order 保持整齐 4.explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/vt. & vi. 解释 5.come up with 想出，找到 (答案) 6.careless /ˈkeələs/adj. 粗心的 7.neither /ˈnaɪðə(r)/adv. 也不　det. & pron. 两者都不　 8.neither … nor … 既不… 也不… 9.nor /nɔː(r)/conj. & adv. 也不 10.*accountant /əˈkaʊntənt/n. 会计 11.suppose /səˈpəʊz/vt. & vi. 认为，推断；假设 12.social /ˈsəʊʃl/adj. 好交际的；社交的 13.*involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/vt. 包含，需要；牵涉 14.*impress /ɪmˈpres/vt. & vi. 使留下深刻的好印象 15.imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/n. 想象力 16.manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/n. 经理 17.*quit /kwɪt/vt. & vi. 离开，离任 18.suit /suːt/vt. 适合 19.railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/n. 铁路；铁路系统 20.mention /ˈmenʃn/vt. 提到，说到，写到 21.standard /ˈstændəd/n. 标准 adj 标准的 22.*tough /tʌf/adj. 艰难的 23.at all times 总是，随时，永远 二．课文学习 Reading People who are happy with their jobs Wu Wei, artist “He‘s a born artist. He’s quiet, but his work shouts.” This is how Wu Wei‘s best friend described him. Wu Wei’s creative work impresses not only his friends but also the whole town. His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the art community. “I‘ve always enjoyed using my imagination to make great art,” he said. “I want to keep sharing new, interesting work with people.” Su Ming, sales manager Su Ming quit her job as an accountant five years ago and started working in sales for a big company. “I’m active and energetic, and I love working with people. But in my last job, I had to work with numbers most of the time.” Su Ming is now the sales manager of the company. “I‘m happy that I changed my job. This one suits me better,” she added. Liu Hao, engineer Liu Hao, together with his team, has just completed the high-speed railway project connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin. As the lead engineer, he is serious about his work and pays attention to every detail. “To us, a miss is as good as a mile. Any mistake may cost lives,” said Mr Liu. One of his team members mentioned, “He always works to high standards, but he’s modest and easy to work with.” Fang Yuan, doctor Fang Yuan, a doctor at Sunshine Hospital, is kind and patient. She loves her job very much. “I wanted to be a doctor when I was very young. I think nothing is more meaningful than helping the sick and saving lives,” she explained. Working at a hospital can be tough. Doctors must be very careful at all times and often work long hours. But Ms Fang thinks it is worth it. 吴伟，艺术家 “他是一位天生的艺术家。他很安静，但他的作品却极具说服力。”这是吴伟最好的朋友对他的描述。吴伟的创作不仅打动了他的朋友们，也震撼了整个城镇。他为阳光镇广场创作的雕塑赢得了艺术界的高度赞扬。“我一直喜欢用我的想象力去创作伟大的艺术，”他说，“我想不断与人们分享新颖、有趣的作品。” 苏明，销售经理 苏明五年前辞去了会计工作，开始在一家大公司做销售。“我积极、充满活力，而且喜欢与人打交道。但在上一份工作中，我大部分时间都得和数字打交道。”苏明现在是这家公司的销售经理。“我很高兴我换了工作。这份工作更适合我，”她补充道。 刘浩，工程师 刘浩和他的团队刚刚完成了连接阳光镇和天津的高速铁路项目。作为首席工程师，他对待工作一丝不苟，注重每一个细节。“对我们来说，失之毫厘，谬以千里。任何错误都可能付出生命的代价，”刘先生说。他的一位团队成员提到：“他总是以高标准工作，但很谦虚，容易共事。” 方媛，医生 方媛是阳光医院的一名医生，她善良且耐心。她非常热爱自己的工作。“我很小的时候就梦想成为一名医生。我认为没有什么比帮助病人、拯救生命更有意义了，”她解释道。在医院工作可能很辛苦。医生必须时刻保持高度谨慎，并且经常长时间工作。但方女士认为这一切都是值得的。 三．课内知识解析 1. organized /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有条理的 词性转换：形容词organized → 动词organize（组织）→ 名词organization（组织） 反义词：disorganized（无条理的） 被动语态用法：be well organized（被组织得井井有条） 短语搭配 an organized person 一个有条理的人 一个有条理的学生总能按时完成作业。An organized student can always finish homework on time. keep sth organized 使某物保持有序 我们应该把重要的文件整理好，方便查找。We should keep important documents organized for easy reference. 拓展词汇 organize v. 组织；organization n. 组织；disorganized adj. 无条理的 作文优句 Being an organized person not only helps us finish tasks efficiently, but also reduces unnecessary stress in our daily study and life.（做一个有条理的人不仅能帮助我们高效完成任务，还能减少日常学习和生活中不必要的压力。） 2. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ n. 条理；顺序；命令；订单 v. 命令；订购 一词多义：① 条理；顺序（最常考）；② 命令；③ 订单；④ 动词“命令；订购” 词性转换：名词order → 形容词orderly（有秩序的） 被动语态：be ordered to do sth（被命令做某事） 短语搭配 • keep...in (good) order 保持整齐 离开教室前请把书整理好。Please keep your books in good order before leaving the classroom. in order to do sth / in order that......为了做某事 她早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 She gets up early in order to catch the first bus. She gets up early in order that she can catch the first bus.  • take one's order 点餐 先生，现在可以点餐了吗？May I take your order now, sir? 拓展词汇 • orderly adj. 有秩序的；disorder n. 混乱 作文优句 In order to make our school a better place, we should follow the school rules and keep our campus in good order（为了让我们的学校变得更美好，我们应该遵守校规，保持校园整洁有序。） 3. explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ vt.&vi. 解释 易错用法：不能说explain sb sth，必须用explain sth to sb（向某人解释某事，易错点） 词性转换：动词explain → 名词explanation（解释） 宾语从句用法：explain that/what/how从句 短语搭配 • explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 你能给我解释一下这道数学题的解题步骤吗？Can you explain the steps of solving this math problem to me? • explain oneself 解释自己的行为 你需要解释一下为什么又迟到了。You need to explain yourself for being late again. • give a clear explanation 给出清晰的解释 她对这个问题做了清晰的解释。She gave a clear explanation of the problem. 拓展词汇 • explanation n. 解释；explanatory adj. 解释性的 作文优句 When we have misunderstandings with others, we should communicate patiently and explain our thoughts clearly to solve the problem.（当我们和别人有误会时，应该耐心沟通，清晰地解释自己的想法来解决问题。） 4. careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的 词性转换：形容词careless → 副词carelessly → 名词carelessness（粗心） 反义词：careful（细心的） 短语搭配 • be careless about sth 对某事粗心 如果你对工作粗心，就会犯很多错误。If you are careless about your work, you will make many mistakes. • make careless mistakes 犯粗心的错误 很多学生在考试中都会犯一些本可以避免的粗心错误。Many students make some avoidable careless mistakes in exams. • It is careless of sb to do sth 某人做某事太粗心 他开车时打电话，真是太粗心了。It is careless of him to talk on the phone while driving. 拓展词汇 • careful adj. 细心的；carefully adv. 细心地；carefulness n. 细心 作文质句 We should develop a careful habit in our study and life, because being careless may lead to serious mistakes and even unnecessary losses.（我们应该在学习和生活中养成细心的习惯，因为粗心可能会导致严重的错误甚至不必要的损失。） 5. neither...nor... 既不…也不… 主谓一致：遵循就近原则，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致（中考必考） 反义短语：both...and...（两者都，谓语动词用复数） 可连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等 短语搭配 • neither A nor B 既不A也不B 你和她都不喜欢玩电脑游戏。Neither you nor she likes playing computer games. • neither...nor... 连接谓语 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。He neither smokes nor drinks. • neither...nor... 连接表语 今天天气既不太热也不太冷。The weather is neither too hot nor too cold today. 作文优句 A good student should neither be proud of good grades nor lose heart when facing failures.（一个好学生既不应该因为好成绩而骄傲，也不应该在面对失败时灰心。） 6. suppose /səˈpəʊz/ vt.&vi. 认为，推断；假设 口语用法：I suppose so（我想是吧）/ I don't suppose so（我想不是） 短语搭配 • be supposed to do sth 应该做某事（相当于should do sth） 你应该在8点前交作业。You are supposed to hand in your homework before 8 o'clock. • suppose that 从句 认为…… 我认为他明天会回来。I suppose that he will come back tomorrow. • be supposed to have done sth 本应该做某事 你本应该昨天就完成这项工作的。You are supposed to have finished the work yesterday. 作文质句 As middle school students, we are supposed to respect our teachers, get along well with our classmates and study hard.（作为中学生，我们应该尊敬老师，和同学友好相处，努力学习。） 7. social /ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 好交际的；社交的 词性转换：形容词social → 名词society（社会） 常修饰名词构成复合词：social life（社交生活）、social problem（社会问题）、social responsibility（社会责任） • 动词：socialize（社交） 短语搭配 • social skills 社交技能 我们应该通过与人交流来培养社交技能。We should develop our social skills by communicating with others. • social activities 社会活动 我们应该多参加一些有意义的社会活动。We should take part in more meaningful social activities. • social responsibility 社会责任 每个人都应该承担自己的社会责任。Everyone should take their social responsibility. 拓展词汇 • society n. 社会；socialism n. 社会主义；socialize v. 社交 作文优句 Participating in social activities not only helps us improve our social skills, but also makes us more responsible for society.（参加社会活动不仅能帮助我们提高社交技能，还能让我们对社会更有责任感。） 8. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含，需要；牵涉 词性转换：动词involve → 形容词involved（参与的；牵涉的）→ 名词involvement（参与） 短语搭配 • involve doing sth 需要做某事 学习一门外语需要每天坚持练习。Learning a foreign language involves practicing every day. • be involved in 参与；牵涉 他被卷入了一场交通事故中。He was involved in a traffic accident. • involve sb in sth 使某人参与某事 老师让我们都参与到班级讨论中。The teacher involved us all in the class discussion. 拓展词汇 • involved adj. 参与的；牵涉的；involvement n. 参与 作文优句 We should actively be involved in volunteer activities, because helping others can bring us happiness and a sense of achievement.（我们应该积极参与志愿者活动，因为帮助别人能给我们带来快乐和成就感。） 10. impress /ɪmˈpres/ vt.&vi. 使留下深刻的好印象 词性转换：动词impress → 名词impression（印象）→ 形容词impressive（令人印象深刻的） 短语搭配 • impress sb with sth 用某事给某人留下深刻印象 这个男孩用他的勇气给我们留下了深刻印象。The boy impressed us with his courage. • make a good impression on sb 给某人留下好印象 他的精彩演讲给观众留下了很好的印象。His wonderful speech made a good impression on the audience. • be impressed by/with sth 被某事留下深刻印象 游客们都被这座古老城市的美丽所吸引。The tourists were impressed by the beauty of the ancient city. 拓展词汇 • impression n. 印象；impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 作文优句 If we want to make a good impression on others, we should be polite, honest and willing to help others.（如果我们想给别人留下好印象，我们应该有礼貌、诚实并且乐于助人。） 11. manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理 词性转换：名词manager → 动词manage（管理；设法做成）→ 名词management（管理） 高频搭配：manage to do sth（设法做成某事，强调成功，中考必考） • 职业类名词，常与of搭配：the manager of... 短语搭配 • a general manager 总经理 总经理今天下午会给我们做演讲。The general manager will give us a speech this afternoon. • manage to do sth 设法做成某事（强调成功） 尽管遇到了很多困难，我们还是设法完成了项目。Although we met many difficulties, we managed to complete the project. • the manager of... ……的经理 这家餐厅的经理对顾客非常友好。The manager of the restaurant is very friendly to customers. 拓展词汇 • manage v. 管理；设法做成；management n. 管理 作文优句 A good manager should not only have excellent management skills, but also know how to get along well with his employees.（一个好的经理不仅要有出色的管理能力，还要知道如何和员工友好相处。） 12. quit /kwɪt/ vt.&vi. 离开，离任；停止 过去式和过去分词：quit（不规则变化，同原形；也可写作quitted，较少用） 短语搭配 • quit one's job 辞职 她因为要照顾孩子而辞职了。She quit her job to take care of her baby. • quit doing sth 停止做某事 为了健康你应该戒烟。You should quit smoking for your health. • quit school 辍学 在老师和同学的帮助下，他决定不再辍学，继续学习。With the help of teachers and classmates, he decided not to quit school and continued his studies. 作文优句 We should never quit our dreams easily, no matter how many difficulties we may face in the future.（无论未来遇到多少困难，我们都不应该轻易放弃自己的梦想。） 13. mention /ˈmenʃn/ vt. 提到，说到，写到 拓展搭配：not to mention（更不用说） 短语搭配 • mention doing sth 提到做某事 她提到她想去国外深造。She mentioned going abroad for further study. • Don't mention it. 不客气（用于回答感谢） 谢谢你帮我搬箱子。- 不客气。Thank you for helping me carry the box. - Don't mention it. • mention that 从句 提到…… 老师提到我们下周会有一场英语测试。The teacher mentioned that we would have an English test next week. 作文优句 When we talk about the great changes in our hometown, we always mention the new roads, tall buildings and beautiful parks that have been built in recent years.（当我们谈论家乡的巨大变化时，总是会提到近年来修建的新道路、高楼和美丽的公园。） 14. tough /tʌf/ adj. 艰难的；坚硬的；坚强的 常考含义：艰难的（相当于difficult/hard） 词性转换：形容词tough → 副词toughly → 名词toughness（坚韧） 比较级：tougher；最高级：toughest 短语搭配 • a tough time 艰难的时期 在他生病期间，他的家人度过了一段艰难的时期。His family had a tough time while he was ill. • a tough person 坚强的人 她是个坚强的女孩，从不轻易放弃。She is a tough girl who never gives up easily. • a tough problem 难题 我们正在努力解决这个难题。We are trying to solve this tough problem. 作文优句 Life is full of tough challenges, but if we are brave and persistent, we can overcome any difficulty and achieve success.（生活充满了艰难的挑战，但如果我们勇敢且坚持，我们就能克服任何困难，取得成功。） 四．随堂训练 一、根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母写出单词 1. Lucy is such a ______(好交际的) girl that she can get along well with different people and make new friends easily. 2. Tom lost the chance to get good grades because he was so ______(粗心的) that he made many silly mistakes. 3. My father patiently ______(解释) why I should keep trying until I finally understood what he meant. 4. ______(假设) you had to live without the internet for a month, how would you stay connected with your friends? 5. I believe this experience will make me more ______(有条理的). 6. Back in her study, the girl was surprised to find everything kept in good o______, and all her books laid out neatly on the shelf. 7. Millie is p______. When I talk to her about my problems, she always listens carefully and offers me some useful advice. 8. N______ of the two solutions is perfect, so we need to find a third option. 9. With rich ______(想象力), we can create wonderful stories and come up with new ideas in our daily life. 10. The ______(经理) of the company are always kind and ready to help the workers work better. 【答案】1.social 2.careless 3.explained 4.Suppose 5.organized 6.order 7.patient 8.Neither 9.imagination 10.managers 二．用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. A lot of football fans say it's worth ______(watch) the matches in person. 2. —To have a healthy life, what else should I pay attention to ______(shape) my body? —Maybe you should do more exercise. 3. The boy will surely make great ______(improve) in his listening and speaking if he is hard-working enough. 4. My classmates and I ______(win) several prizes in different competitions since we joined the art club. 5. My parents always keep ______(mention) the importance of good habits when we talk about my study. 【答案】1.watching 2.to shape 3.improvement 4.have won 5.mentioning Integration 一．单词学习1 1.behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/n. (AmE behavior) 表现方式；行为 2.pass sth on to sb 传给某人 3.son /sʌn/n. 儿子 4.remain /rɪˈmeɪn/linking v. 保持不变，仍然是 5.confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/adj. 自信的 6.likely /ˈlaɪkli/adv. 可能　adj. 可能的 7.negative /ˈneɡətɪv/adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的 8.*lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/n. 演讲，讲座 9.connection /kəˈnekʃn/n. 关联；联结 10.speaker /ˈspiːkə(r)/n. 发言者；讲（某种语言）的人 11.point /pɔɪnt/vt. & vi. 指向，指引 12.point out 指出 二．课文学习1 Integration A: How is your personality formed? 原文： Your personality is a special mix of your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. How is your personality formed? Most people believe that it is influenced by both nature and the environment. By nature Some parts of your personality are passed on to you by your parents. That is why people say, “Like father, like son.” Sometimes, these qualities do not change easily and may remain the same for your whole life. By the environment The environment, including your education, your experiences as well as the people around you, can change your personality. For example, you may become confident if you successfully complete difficult tasks through hard work. That is how your experiences influence your personality. These things all influence your personality. In other words, a mix of nature and the environment most likely shapes your personality. 你的个性是你的思想、情感和行为的独特融合。你的个性是如何形成的？大多数人认为它受到天性和环境的共同影响。 天性 你个性的某些部分是由父母遗传给你的。这就是为什么人们常说“有其父必有其子”。有时，这些品质不容易改变，可能会持续一生。 环境 环境，包括你所受的教育、你的经历以及你周围的人，都能改变你的个性。例如，如果你通过努力成功完成了艰巨的任务，你可能会变得自信。这就是你的经历如何影响你的个性。 所有这些都影响你的个性。换句话说，极有可能是天性和环境共同塑造了你的个性。 三．单词学习2 1.position /pəˈzɪʃn/n. 职位；位置 2.president /ˈprezɪdənt/n. 主席；院长；董事长 3.cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/vi. 合作 4.voice /vɔɪs/vt. 表达 5.consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/vt. & vi. 仔细考虑 四．课文学习2 Integration D2 Simon‘s recommendation letter Dear Mr Wu, I am writing to recommend David for president of the Students’ Union. David has all of the qualities for the position. David has excellent communication skills and is able to work well with others. He not only knows how to express himself clearly, but is also good at listening to others. What‘s more, he is a good team player. He knows how to work with different kinds of people. These abilities allow him to cooperate well with our classmates and teachers. David has many other good qualities. He is very helpful. He spends a lot of time helping with our class projects. He is creative too. Recently, he came up with some new ways to improve our school’s recycling project. David is also confident and never afraid to voice his ideas. He thinks he can do things well if he tries his best. For all of these reasons, I believe that David is the right choice for president of the Students‘ Union. I hope that you consider him for this position. Yours sincerely, Luo Yang 亲爱的吴老师： 我写信是为了推荐戴维担任学生会主席。戴维具备这个职位所需的所有品质。 戴维有出色的沟通能力，并且能够与他人良好合作。他不仅知道如何清晰地表达自己，还善于倾听他人。更重要的是，他是一个很好的团队成员。他知道如何与不同类型的人合作。这些能力使他能与我们的同学和老师很好地配合。 戴维还有许多其他优秀品质。他非常乐于助人。他花很多时间帮助我们班的项目。他也很有创造力。最近，他想出了一些新方法来改进我们学校的回收项目。戴维也很自信，从不害怕表达自己的想法。他认为只要尽力而为，就能把事情做好。 基于以上所有原因，我相信戴维是学生会主席的正确人选。希望您能考虑让他担任这个职位。 此致 敬礼 罗阳 五．课内知识解析2 1. behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. (AmE behavior) 表现方式；行为 不可数名词，无复数形式 词性转换：名词behaviour → 动词behave（表现；举止） 短语搭配 • good/bad behaviour 良好/不良行为 他的不良行为受到了老师的批评。His bad behaviour was criticized by the teacher. • behave oneself 举止得体 在晚宴上请举止得体。Please behave yourself at the dinner party. • improve one's behaviour 改善自己的行为 他决定改善自己的行为，做一个好学生。He decided to improve his behaviour and be a good student. 拓展词汇 • behave v. 表现；举止；behavioural adj. 行为的 作文优句 Good behaviour is a sign of good education. We should always behave politely and respectfully in public places.（良好的行为是良好教育的标志。我们应该在公共场所始终举止礼貌、尊重他人。） 2. remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ linking v. 保持不变，仍然是；vi. 剩余；逗留 连系动词用法：后接形容词作表语，无被动语态 不及物动词用法：表示“剩余；逗留” 短语搭配 • remain silent 保持沉默 当老师问他问题时，他保持沉默。He remained silent when the teacher asked him a question. • remain at home 待在家里 她待在家里照顾生病的妈妈。She remained at home to take care of her sick mother. • remain to be done 有待被做 这个问题有待解决。This problem remains to be solved. 作文优句 No matter how the world changes, we should remain true to ourselves and stick to our dreams.（无论世界如何变化，我们都应该保持初心，坚持自己的梦想。） 3. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的 词性转换：形容词confident → 名词confidence（信心） 短语搭配 • be confident of/about sth 对某事有信心 她有信心通过期末考试。She is confident of passing the final exam. • be confident to do sth 有信心做某事 只要你努力，你就有信心克服任何困难。As long as you work hard, you will be confident to overcome any difficulty. • have confidence in sb 对某人有信心 父母应该对自己的孩子有信心。Parents should have confidence in their children. 拓展词汇 • confidence n. 信心；confidently adv. 自信地 作文优句 Being confident is very important for us. It can help us face difficulties bravely and achieve our goals more easily.（自信对我们来说非常重要。它能帮助我们勇敢地面对困难，更容易地实现自己的目标。） 4. likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adv. 可能；adj. 可能的 反义词：unlikely（不可能的） 短语搭配 • be likely to do sth 可能做某事 今天晚上可能会下雨。It is likely to rain this evening. • It is likely that... 很可能…… 他很可能会赢得比赛。It is likely that he will win the game. • be unlikely to do sth 不可能做某事 他不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。He is unlikely to finish the work in such a short time. 作文优句 If we work hard and prepare well, we are likely to achieve good grades in the exam.（如果我们努力学习，做好准备，我们很可能在考试中取得好成绩。） 5. voice /vɔɪs/ vt. 表达；n. 嗓音 动词用法：意为“表达（观点、意见等）” 名词用法：指人的嗓音，辨析：voice（人的嗓音）、sound（自然界的一切声音）、noise（噪音，中考必考辨析） 短语搭配 • voice one's opinion 表达某人的观点 每个人都应该有表达自己观点的权利。Everyone should have the right to voice their opinions. • a beautiful voice 一副好嗓子 她有一副好嗓子，想成为一名歌手。She has a beautiful voice and she wants to be a singer. • keep your voice down 小声说话 在图书馆里请小声说话。Please keep your voice down in the library. 作文优句 Everyone has the right to voice their opinions, but we should express our views politely and respect others' opinions at the same time.（每个人都有表达自己观点的权利，但我们应该礼貌地表达自己的看法，同时尊重别人的意见。） 6. consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ vt.&vi. 仔细考虑；认为 词性转换：动词consider → 名词consideration（考虑）→ 形容词considerate（体贴的）→ 副词considerately（体贴地） 短语搭配 • consider doing sth 考虑做某事（不能接不定式to do） 我已经多次考虑去南京过暑假了。I have considered going to Nanjing for the summer vacation many times. • consider sb/sth (as) sth 认为某人/某物是……（as可省略，被动语态常考） 长城被认为是世界七大奇迹之一。The Great Wall is considered as one of the seven wonders of the world. • consider it + adj./n. + to do sth 认为做某事是……的 我认为保护我们周围的环境是我们的责任。I consider it our duty to protect the environment around us. 拓展词汇 • consideration n. 考虑 常用搭配：take sth into consideration（把某事考虑在内） 计划野餐时，你应该把天气考虑在内。You should take the weather into consideration when planning a picnic. • considerate adj. 体贴的 常用搭配：be considerate of sb（体谅某人） 你帮助老人过马路，真是太体贴了。It is considerate of you to help the elderly cross the road. • considerately adv. 体贴地 作文优句 When we make important decisions in our life, we should not only consider our own feelings but also take our parents' advice into consideration, because they have more life experience and always care about us most.（当我们在生活中做重要决定时，不仅要考虑自己的感受，还要听取父母的建议，因为他们有更多的人生经验，而且总是最关心我们的人。） 六．随堂训练 一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示或首字母写出单词 1. Whether to keep waiting ______(仍然是) a question. 2. Try not to let ______(消极的) thoughts take over. 3. The teacher wants the children to feel ______(自信的) about asking questions when they don’t understand. 4. To make their project more successful, the two groups agreed to ______(合作) with each other. 5. You do have to ______(仔细考虑) the feelings of those around you. 6. The p______ of the Students’ Union, who is known for his hard work, will give a speech when the school sports meeting begins. 【答案】1.remains 2.negative 3.confident 4.cooperate 5.consider 6.chairperson 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. If you keep trying your best, it is ______(like) that you will make great progress. 2. Many people don’t realise the close ______(connect) that exists between maintaining good health and developing good living habits. 3. Finally, he ______(success) in working out the problem with his teacher’s help. 4. She ______(consider) one of the most hard-working students in our class. 5. Some great ______(speak) were not confident at all when they were young. 【答案】1.likely 2.connection 3.succeeded 4.is considered 5.speakers 综合训练 一．完形填空 先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并将选项填涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 It’s 5:30 a. m., and your phone rings. A police officer says someone 1 a store and took some expensive items. They need you right away. It is your job to study the whole scene for clues that will help catch the 2 . You are a crime scene investigator (侦查员), and the game is 3 . Outside the store, you see a broken window, 4 there is no glass on the street. There are some shoe prints. You look at 5 . They’re large, so you’re likely looking for a man. You took photos of the shoe’s pattern (花纹). This can tell you the 6 of shoe. You then measure (测量) the space between the shoe prints. You know 7 the person’s steps (步子) were. This gives you an idea of how tall the thief was. The most important clues will come from a person’s body. You find some fingerprints near the broken window. Using a computer, you can compare (比较) these prints against millions of others. You also find a hair. You 8 it, because you know hair has a person’s DNA．You can compare this with other people’s DNA, too. 9 you find a match for the fingerprint or the DNA, you will know who was in the store. Will you find the thief? You now have a lot of information, so it’s 10 . For a crime scene investigator, it’s all in a day’s work. 1．A．broke into B．broke down C．broke out D．broke up 2．A．boss B．victim C．thief D．witness 3．A．off B．on C．over D．out 4．A．and B．so C．because D．but 5．A．it B．them C．him D．her 6．A．type B．colour C．price D．sales 7．A．how many B．how old C．how long D．how much 8．A．miss B．keep C．cut D．brush 9．A．Though B．Whether C．If D．Before 10．A．peaceful B．personal C．popular D．possible 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文以第二人称的形式介绍了犯罪现场调查员一天的工作。 【详解】1．句意：一名警官说，有人闯入一家商店，拿走了一些贵重物品。 broke into闯入，侵入；broke down停止运行；broke out爆发；broke up打碎。根据“and took some expensive items”可知，此句是说警官说有人闯入一家商店，故选A。 2．句意：你的工作是研究整个场景，寻找有助于抓住小偷的线索。 boss老板；victim受害者；thief贼；witness目击者。根据“It is your job to study the whole scene for clues”可知，此句是说研究整个场景，寻找有助于抓住小偷的线索，故选C。 3．句意：你是一名犯罪现场调查员，游戏开始了。 off离开；on（娱乐演出等）上演；over结束；out在外面。根据“You are a crime scene investigator”可知，此句是说游戏开始，故选B。 4．句意：在商店外面，你看到一扇破窗户，但街上没有玻璃。 and和，又；so所以；because因为；but但是。根据“there is no glass on the street”可知，此处表示转折，故选D。 5．句意：你看着他们。 it它；them它们；him他；her她。根据“There are some shoe prints”可知，此处是说看见一些鞋印，应用代词them，故选B。 6．句意：这可以告诉你鞋子的类型。 type类型；colour颜色；price价格；sales销售。根据“You took photos of the shoe’s pattern”可知，此处是说通过鞋的花纹能够知道鞋子的类型，故选A。 7．句意：你知道这个人的脚步有多长。 how many多少，修饰复数名词；how old多大；how long多长；how much多少，修饰不可数名词。根据“You then measure the space between the shoe prints.”可知，此句是说通过测量鞋印之间的距离，知道这个人的脚步有多长，故选C。 8．句意：留着吧，因为你知道头发含有一个人的DNA。 miss想念，错过；keep保持；cut切，割；brush刷。根据前句“You also find a hair.”和后句“because you know hair has a person’s DNA”可知，此句是说留着头发，因为头发含有一个人的DNA，故选B。 9．句意：如果你能找到指纹或DNA的匹配，你就能知道谁来过店里。 Though虽然，尽管；Whether无论，是否；If如果；Before在……之前。根据“you will know who was in the store.”可知，此处表示假设，故选C。 10．句意：你现在有很多信息，所以这是可能的。 peaceful和平的，平静的；personal个人的；popular流行的；possible可能的。根据“You now have a lot of information”可知，此句是说信息多，所以能够找到小偷，故选D。 二．阅读理解 What’s your dream job? How much do you know about it? A group of students from Tianjin found a very common problem among young teenagers: Most of them have little idea about their career plans as there is too little help from school or family. To offer teenagers helpful advice on career, the students from Tianjin TEDA No. 1 Middle School started a project called “Dian Zhi Cheng Shi (点职成诗)”. “Our survey shows that 72% of students want to know more about different jobs. Being doctors is one of the best jobs,” said Wang Xinran, 16, the project leader. According to students’ needs, the team interviewed 32 excellent workers with different jobs and put their interviews on the Internet. These workers shared true stories behind each job, allowing students to learn about the jobs further. “We also invited the workers to give speeches in our school. In this way, students could have a chance to talk to them face to face,” said Wang. Team member Lu Jinyan said his most impressive interview was with a photographer. “I thought being a photographer was cool and romantic in the past. But now I realize that they need to deal with lots of problems, such as a sudden change of weather or broken cameras. They also need to communicate with different people. This is not easy.” But the project doesn’t mean to disappoint (使失望) students by telling them the truth. “We want to show the workers’ love and spirit of never giving up instead of the bad sides,” said group member Zhao Yajie. “The project’s name means to turn a career into a poem. We believe working is not just about bread and butter. It should be like a poem, full of love and beauty. And we hope our project can let students know that.” 11．Why do most students know little about their career plans? A．Because it’s a common problem among them. B．Because schools or families can hardly provide help. C．Because students may meet problems in their families. D．Because students don’t want to know more about different jobs. 12．The purpose of the project “Dian Zhi Cheng Shi” is to ________. A．turn students’ dream jobs into beautiful poems B．help students communicate with different people C．provide useful career advice for teenagers D．make students disappointed by telling them the truth 13．What can students do after they join “Dian Zhi Cheng Shi” according to the passage? A．Show their love and spirit of never giving up. B．Interview team members face to face. C．Give speeches in school. D．Learn about the true job situation. 14．What does the project member Lu Jinyan think of being a photographer now? A．Hard and challenging. B．Cool and romantic. C．Exciting and amazing. D．Practical and meaningful. 15．What is the best title for the passage? A．Dealing with job Problems B．Communicating with Workers C．Knowing about Dream Jobs D．Learning Poems about Jobs 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天津一所中学的学生创办的“点职成诗”项目，它旨在为学生提供有关未来职业的有用的建议。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most of them have little idea about their career plans as there is too little help from school or family.”可知，大多数学生对他们的职业规划知之甚少，因为学校或家庭几乎不能提供帮助。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“To offer teenagers helpful advice on career, the students from Tianjin TEDA No. 1 Middle School started a project called ‘Dian Zhi Cheng Shi’.”可知，“点职成诗”项目旨在给青少年提供有用的职业方面的建议。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“These workers shared true stories behind each job, allowing students to learn about the jobs further.”可知，这些工作者分享了每种工作背后的真实故事，让学生们能进一步了解这些工作，所以学生们加入“点职成诗”后能了解真实的工作情况。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据第五段“But now I realize that they need to deal with lots of problems, such as a sudden change of weather or broken cameras. They also need to communicate with different people. This is not easy.”可知，Lu Jinyan现在意识到摄影师需要处理很多问题，他们还需要与不同的人交流，这很不容易；据此可以推断，Lu Jinyan现在认为当摄影师是困难和具有挑战性的。故选A。 15．最佳标题题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了天津一所中学的学生创办的“点职成诗”项目，它旨在为学生提供有关未来职业的有用的建议，帮助青少年更好地了解自己的梦想工作；选项C“了解你梦想的职业”适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 三．语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Xie Tianlei is a primary school student from a village in Changsha, Hunan. 16 he is young, he knows a lot about astronomy (天文学). “I’m very 17 (interest) in astronomy. I want to be an astronomer when I grow up,” Xie said on a local TV show late last year. “It is amazing that there are many stars with lots of 18 (mystery) in the sky for us to explain.” Touched by the boy’s desire (渴望) for knowledge, the TV show’s production team decided 19 (invite) some people to work together to build an observatory (天文台) in the village. Wang Qiu’an, a designer (设计师), designed the observatory for free. “It’s my honor to do something for village children,” he said. Many local people and the local government helped a lot 20 the building of the observatory. On January 3, 2022, the observatory 21 (open). Because of it, Xie and many children in his village have realized their dream of 22 (enjoy) the night stars by getting closer to space. Some professional astronomers have come to the observatory more than 10 times to talk with the children and help 23 (they) observe space. The observatory has also attracted (吸引) around 300, 000 24 (visit). The local government plans to do more to attract more people to experience the 25 (beautiful) of the village and the night sky. 【答案】16．Though/Although 17．interested 18．mysteries 19．to invite 20．with 21．opened 22．enjoying 23．them 24．visitors 25．beauty 【导语】本文主要讲述了湖南长沙的一个小村庄的小学生谢天磊对天文学很感兴趣，长大后想成为一名天文学家，被他渴望知识的愿望所感动，当地的人们和政府帮助修建了一座天文台。 16．句意：尽管他很年幼，但他对天文学了解很多。分析“...he is young, he knows a lot about astronomy (天文学).”可知，前后是让步关系，空格处应填though“尽管”或although尽管”引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写，故填Though/Although。 17．句意：我对天文学很感兴趣。结合提示词interest和“I’m very...in astronomy.”可知，本题考查短语be interested in sth.“对某事感兴趣”，故填interested。 18．句意：令人惊叹的是，天空中有许多恒星带有很多谜团要我们解释。mystery“神秘的事物”，可数名词。根据lots of“大量的”可知，其后接可数名词的复数形式，故填mysteries。 19．句意：这个电视节目的制作团队被这个男孩对知识的渴望所打动，决定邀请一些人一起在村里建一座天文台。invite“邀请”，动词。根据短语decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，空格处应填to invite，故填to invite。 20．句意：许多当地人和当地政府为天文台的建设提供了很大帮助。根据“helped a lot...the building of the observatory”可知，本题考查短语help with“帮助……”，故填with。 21．句意：2022年1月3日，天文台开幕了。open“开幕”，动词。根据“On January 3, 2022”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词应用过去式，故填opened。 22．句意：正因为如此，谢和村里的许多孩子都实现了他们的梦想，通过离太空越来越近来欣赏夜星。enjoy“欣赏”，动词。空前的of是介词，其后接动词-ing形式，故填enjoying。 23．句意：一些专业天文学家已经来天文台10多次，与孩子们交谈，帮助他们观察太空。they“他们”，人称代词的主格。动词help后接人称代词的宾格，故填them。 24．句意：天文台还吸引了约30万名游客。visit“参观”，动词。分析“The observatory has also attracted (吸引) around 300, 000...”可知，此处表示天文台还吸引了约30万名游客，visitor“游客”符合语境，数字300, 000后接可数名词的复数形式，故填visitors。 25．句意：当地政府计划采取更多措施，吸引更多人体验村庄和夜空的美丽。beautiful“美丽的”，形容词。分析“the...of the village and the night sky”可知，空格处应为名词，名词beauty“美丽”符合语境，故填beauty。 四．阅读表达 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 I’m a rather smart person who has spent nearly 10 years learning mechanics（机械学）, but I have no formal education. I have always struggled to make people trust me. This year, I started another factory job, which provided a bit higher pay than my last one. I was making $13. 50 an hour at my last job and hardly make a living. I felt I would probably live a better life! My neighbor bought a used Harley motorcycle that everyone thought it had some serious damage. After taking a look at it, I said that I would be able to repair it. As a result, I saved them $2, 000 that they expected to pay to rebuild it. They were impressed with my work and told many of their friends about me. I got a lot of new business just through word of mouth. In about two months I had over a dozen people coming to me for work and I was making great money. I was making thousands a month from part-time jobs on a good month. But because of the instability of the work, it was not certain for me to get enough money every month, I still couldn’t leave my day job at that point. Then I got a job through one of my customers working on heavy equipment and diesel trucks （柴油汽 车）. I was able to impress them by solving difficult problems quickly. They offered me another job that started even higher - $17 an hour. I finally made some progress. In one year’s time I went from being the lowest level worker to having bosses ask me to work for them. Now I can honestly say I feel truly proud of myself and my skills. 根据文本内容回答下面5个问题, 每题答案不超过7个词。 26．Why has the writer tried his best to get others’ trust? 27．When did the writer get more business? 28．How much money can the writer make if he does a part-time job for 3 hours now? 29．Why couldn’t the writer leave his day job? 30．What can we learn from the writer? 【答案】26．Because he has no formal education. 27．After he repaired the/neighbor’s motorcycle./After neighbor’s motorcycle was repaired. 28．Fifty-one dollars. 29．Because of the instability of the work. 30．Learning and hard work bring success. 【导语】本文讲述了作者自己通过自己的不懈努力赚到更多钱的故事，从而悟出：只要功夫下的深，铁杵磨成针。 【详解】26．根据“I’m a rather smart person who has spent nearly 10 years learning mechanics（机械学）, but I have no formal education. I have always struggled to make people trust me.”可知，作者没有受过正规教育，所以一直在努力让人们相信他，故填Because he has no formal education. 27．根据“As a result, I saved them $2, 000 that they expected to pay to rebuild it. They were impressed with my work and told many of their friends about me. I got a lot of new business just through word of mouth.”可知，在他修好了邻居的摩托车之后，通过口口相传作者获得了很多新业务，故填After he repaired the/neighbor’s motorcycle./After neighbor’s motorcycle was repaired. 28．根据“They offered me another job that started even higher - $17 an hour.”可知，兼职一个小时赚17美元，所以三个小时应该是赚51美元，故填Fifty-one dollars. 29．根据“But because of the instability of the work, it was not certain for me to get enough money every month, I still couldn’t leave my day job at that point.”可知，由于工作的不稳定性，作者无法确定每个月是否能挣到足够的钱，所以那时仍然无法离开他的日常工作。故填Because of the instability of the work. 30．根据“In one year’s time I went from being the lowest level worker to having bosses ask me to work for them. Now I can honestly say I feel truly proud of myself and my skills.”以及整个文章的理解可知，只要功夫下的深，铁杵磨成针，勤奋努力地学习总会成功的，故填Learning and hard work bring success. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $