专题08连词（培优专练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 高中英语连词专项训练，以“方法步骤化+逻辑分层化”构建从句解题体系，融合真题感知与梯度演练，提升语言分析与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题考向|4考向含20+例题|定语从句四步解题法（拆分-判先行词-析成分-避陷阱）、名词性从句“成分-语气”双判法、状语从句“逻辑-时态”验证法、并列句“逻辑-结构”匹配法，配套口诀与易错提醒|按从句功能（定语/名词性/状语/并列）递进，明确概念区分（如定语从句修饰名词vs名词性从句作主干成分），构建“识别-分析-验证”逻辑链| |强化演练|4考向40+真题|针对语法填空题型，提炼“无提示词”速判技巧（如名词后缺主宾填关系代词）|覆盖近5年北京卷及模拟题高频考点，强化方法迁移应用| |模拟预测|8篇新情境语法填空|融合AI、文化等新话题，训练复杂语境下连词辨析能力|通过真实情境提升语言运用与跨文化理解能力|

专题08 连词 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 11 拔高·模拟预测 13 真题·命题感知 考向01 定语从句的关系词 1.（2026·北京）But it is now challenged by the digitalization of the society which allows everyone ___20___ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 解题方法 四步解题完整步骤 步骤 1：拆分句子，分清主句、从句 ①找谓语动词，数句子个数：两套主谓 = 有从句； ②找名词 / 代词（先行词）：从句修饰前面名词 / 代词，就是定语从句； ③区分：逗号隔开 = 非限制性定语从句；无逗号 = 限制性定语从句。 快速判断口诀：名词后面跟句子，十有八九定从句。 步骤 2：锁定先行词，判断「人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因」 ①人：who, whom, whose, that ②物：which, that ③时间（time, day, year…）：when ④地点（place, city, school…）：where ⑤原因（reason）：why 步骤 3：划从句缺什么成分（最关键一步） 看空格后的从句，缺主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语： ①缺主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词（who/whom/which/that） 人作主：who /that 人作宾：whom /who/that 物作主宾：which /that ②缺定语（表 “…… 的”）→ whose（人 / 物都能用） ③不缺主宾，主谓完整 → 缺状语，用关系副词 when/where/why 步骤 3：看特殊限制，排除错误选项 ①非限制性定语从句（有逗号）：不能用 that； ②介词提前时：人只用 whom，物只用 which； ③先行词不定代词 all, everything, nothing 等，只用 that； ④先行词既有人又有物，只用 that。 一分句子找先行，二分人物时分清； 三看从句缺成分，主宾代词状用副； 逗号不用 that，介词后只 whom/which。 先行是人用 who，物用 which 都记熟； 从句缺主宾用代，句子完整用副 when/where/why； 表 “谁的” 用 whose，前后名词来连接； 逗号隔开非限定，坚决不能写 that。 分情况举例演示 例 1：I like the girl ____ is standing there. ①拆分：先行词 the girl（人）； ②从句____ is standing there，缺主语； ③人 + 缺主语 → who/that。 例 2：This is the factory ____ my father worked. ①先行词 factory（地点）； ②从句 my father worked 主谓完整，不缺主宾； ③缺地点状语 → where。 例 3：The house ____ roof is red is mine. ①先行词 the house； ②空格修饰 roof，表 “房子的”； ③表所属 → whose。 例 4：He has a sister, ____ works in a hospital. ①逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句； ②先行词 sister 是人，从句缺主语； ③不能用 that → who。 例 5：This is the house in ____ we lived last year. ①介词 in 提前，先行词物； ②介词后不用 that → which。 先行是人用 who，物用 which 都记熟； 从句缺主宾用代，句子完整用副 when/where/why； 表 “谁的” 用 whose，前后名词来连接； 逗号隔开非限定，坚决不能写 that。 高考三大题型补充技巧 语法填空（无提示词） 名词后空格，先判断定从；缺主宾填 who/which/that；句子完整填 when/where/why/whose。 易混难点区分（where vs which） 判断标准：把先行词放回从句，看是否需要加介词 This is the park ____ we visited. visit the park（直接作宾语）→ 缺宾语 → which/that This is the park ____ we walked. walk in the park（要加介词 in）→ 缺地点状语 → where 考向02 名词性从句的连词 2. （2025·北京卷·语法填空）The truth, though, is 13 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 解题方法 名词性从句包含：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 核心总口诀 先分主从找从句，二看句子完不完整； 缺主宾用连接代，句完整用连接副； 陈述事实用 that，疑问含义 what/whether。 步骤1：区分主句、从句，判定是名词性从句 识别从句位置（四大位置） ① 动词前（主语从句）：____ he came late surprised me. ② 动词后（宾语从句）：I know ____ he is right. ③ be 动词后（表语从句）：My hope is ____ I can pass the exam. ④ 抽象名词后（同位语从句）：the news ____ he won the game 判断依据：从句整体在句中充当名词成分，即为名词性从句； 区分定语从句：定语从句修饰前面名词，名词性从句本身充当句子主干成分。 步骤2：判断从句内部句子结构 —— 从句是否缺主干（主语 / 宾语 / 表语） ①情况 A：从句缺少主语、宾语、表语 → 用连接代词 what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 含义：有实际词义，在从句中充当成分，不能省略。 ②情况 B：从句主谓完整，不缺主宾 → 用连接副词 /that/whether that：无词义，不作成分，只起连接作用；陈述语气宾语从句可省略 that whether/if：表 “是否”，不作成分 when/where/why/how：表时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式，作状语 步骤3：判断句子语气与语义，锁定连词 ①陈述句、无疑问含义、不缺成分 → that He said (that) he would help me. ②表 “是否”，不缺成分 → whether（正式；可放句首、介词后、不定式前）；if 仅限宾语从句 I don’t know whether/if he will come. ③有 “什么 / 谁 / 哪一个” 含义，缺主宾 → what/who/which What he said is true.（从句缺宾语 said 的宾语） ④表时间、地点、原因、方式，句子完整 → when/where/why/how I don’t know where he lives.（he lives 主谓完整，缺地点状语） 步骤4：特殊规则排查（避坑验证） ①介词后面不能用 if，只能用 whether； ②同位语从句只用 that，不能用 which； ③主语从句、表语从句的 that永远不能省略； ④连词不重复使用：不能出现 that what /whether where 叠加； ⑤what = 名词 + which/that，自带指代含义，不可与先行词共用。 典型例题分步演示 例 1 ____ he did moved us deeply. 第一步：从句在动词前，主语从句； 第二步：从句 he did 缺少宾语（did 后缺宾语）； 第三步：缺宾语，表 “…… 的事”，用 What； 第四步：无特殊陷阱，答案 What。 例 2 The fact ____ he is honest is known to all. 第一步：抽象名词 fact 后，同位语从句； 第二步：从句 he is honest 主谓表齐全，不缺成分； 第三步：陈述事实无疑问，用 that； 第四步：同位语从句只能用 that，验证正确。 例 3 I am not sure ____ he will agree with us. 第一步：sure 形容词后宾语从句； 第二步：从句主谓完整； 第三步：语义 “是否”，填 whether/if； 第四步：无介词、无不定式，两者均可。 例 4 This is ____ we differ. 第一步：be 动词后，表语从句； 第二步：we differ 主谓完整； 第三步：含义 “…… 的地方”，表地点，用 where； 第四步：验证句意通顺。 题型配套技巧 语法填空无提示词 先看从句是否缺主宾：缺→what/who；完整→that/whether/when/where/why/how 精简速记小口诀 从句缺主宾用 what/who，句子完整 that 放头； 表是否用 whether，介词句首不用 if； 同位从句只用 that，定从名词修饰别混淆。 考向03 状语从句的连词 1.（2026·北京顺义区一模）____19____ we shift to recyclable satellites and work to build a healthier relationship with space, we will face even ____20_worse___ (bad) challenges. 步骤1：拆分句子，识别状语从句 ①一句话两套主谓，中间有空格隔开，大概率是状语从句； ②状语从句不修饰名词，只修饰动词、形容词、整句话，用来表时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、目的、比较、方式； ③区分标志：连词连接两个完整分句，前后都有主谓（和名词性从句、定语从句核心区别）。 步骤2：判断前后分句逻辑关系（8 大类核心逻辑） ①读完前后两句，判断逻辑归属，锁定大类： ②时间：先后、同时、瞬间发生 → when/while/as/before/after/since/until ③条件：假设、前提 → if/unless/as long as/on condition that ④原因：解释理由 → because/since/as/now that ⑤让步：转折、“虽然、尽管” → though/although/even if/while ⑥目的：为了 → so that/in order that ⑦结果：因此、以至于 → so…that/such…that ⑧比较：比、越…… 越 → than/as…as/the + 比较级…the + 比较级 ⑨方式：按照、如同 → as/as if 步骤3：同类逻辑下，根据句意精准挑选连词 ①时间类区分 when：可延续 / 短暂动作； while：从句必须是延续进行动词； as：强调同步 “一边… 一边”； before：在… 之前；after 在… 之后； until：直到；since：自从（主句常用完成时）。 ②条件类区分 if 如果；unless = if…not 除非； as long as 只要（表充分条件）。 ③原因类区分 because 直接回答 why，语气最强； since/as/now that 既然，显而易见的原因。 ④让步类高频易错 though/although 不能和 but 连用，但可和 yet/still 搭配； while 放句首也可表 “虽然”。 ⑤目的 & 结果 so that /in order that + 情态动词（can/may/will）表目的； so/such…that 如此… 以至于，后接完整句子表结果。 步骤4：特殊语法规则验证，排除陷阱 ①时态搭配核对 ②since 引导时间从句，主句现在完成时； ③主将从现：if/unless/as long as 条件从句，主句将来时，从句一般现在时。 ④固定结构不能混搭 ⑤although/though 后面不能加 but； ⑥so 后接形容词 / 副词，such 后接名词短语。 逗号位置辅助判断 让步、时间连词放句首，从句后加逗号； 连词放句中一般不用逗号。 完整例题分步演示 例题 1：____ you work hard, you will succeed. ①拆分：两句主谓，状语从句； ②逻辑：“只要努力就会成功”→条件； ③选词：as long as /if； ④验证：主将从现，语法无误。 例题 2：He didn’t go to bed ____ his mother came back. ①两句主谓，状语从句； ②逻辑：时间，直到妈妈回来才睡觉； ③选词：until； ④验证：not…until 固定搭配，通顺。 例题 3：____ he is young, he knows a lot. ①两句主谓； ②逻辑转折让步：虽然年纪小； ③选词：Although / Though / While； ④验证：句首让步，句中不加 but，正确。 例题 4：He got up early ____ he could catch the first bus. ①双主谓； ②逻辑：早起为了赶车，表目的； ③选词：so that； ④验证：从句有情态动词 could，符合目的从句特征。 实用技巧 语法填空无提示词 先读两句判逻辑大类，再选对应连词，最后核对时态、固定搭配 两分句子看逻辑，八大类型记清晰； 时间条件因让步，目的结果比较齐； although 不搭 but，主将从现要牢记； so 形 such 名分清楚，固定搭配别混淆。 考向04 并列句的连词 1.（2026·山西运城一模）Like artists working with light, they collect the sunshine that misses the valley ___40___ send a bright, warm ray of light straight down ___41in/into the town square. 两句完整主谓，先找逻辑关系； 并列连词四组，转折顺承选择因果； 固定搭配记牢，前后时态统一。 步骤1：识别并列句（区分从句，核心判断） 1. 句子里两套及以上完整主谓结构，互不充当对方成分（没有修饰、包含关系）； 2. 两句地位平等，靠并列连词连接，不是定从 / 名从 / 状从； 3. 标志：空格前后都是完整简单句，无先行词、不缺主干成分。 步骤2：判断前后分句逻辑（四大类并列连词） 通读前后两句，匹配逻辑类别： 1. 顺承 / 递进（and）：并列、顺承、补充、递进、动作先后 2. 转折对比（but /yet/while）：前后意思相反、反差 3. 选择（or）：或者；否则（or=otherwise） 4. 因果（so /for） · so：因此，表结果； · for：因为，只能放后半句，补充说明原因。 步骤3：根据逻辑锁定连词 1. 顺承、并列、递进 → and He opened the door and walked in. 2. 语义相反、转折 → but /yet He tried hard, but he failed. 3. 二选一、警告 “否则” → or Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 4. 前因后果 → so；补充原因（后置）→ for It rained, so we stayed home. He must be ill, for he didn’t come. 1. 不能同时连用：but 不与 although/though 连用；so 不与 because 连用； 2. for 不能放句首，只能放在两个分句中间； 3. 祈使句 + and/or + 将来时固定结构； 4. 标点：并列连词连接两分句，连词前常加逗号； 5. 并列结构前后时态、词性保持一致。 例题分步演示 例 1：Work hard, ____ you will make progress. 1. 识别：前后两套主谓，两句独立，并列句； 2. 逻辑：努力，然后进步，顺承； 3. 选 and； 4. 校验：祈使句 + and + 将来时，结构正确。 例 2：He is young, ____ he knows much. 1. 两套主谓，并列句； 2. 逻辑：年纪小，但懂得多，转折； 3. 填 but； 4. 校验：无 though，but 单独使用，无冲突。 例 3：Get up early, ____ you will miss the bus. 1. 并列句； 2. 逻辑：早点起床，否则错过车；表警告选择； 3. 填 or。 例 4：It was dark, ____ we turned on the light. 1. 并列句； 2. 前因天黑，后果开灯； 3. so； 4. 无 because，so 单独使用，合规。 做题技巧 语法填空无提示词 前后均完整句子，优先考虑 and/but/or/so/for； 两分完整主谓句，平等并列不靠从句； 顺 and 转 but 选 or，结果 so 原因 for； although 不搭 but，because 不搭 so。 进阶·强化演练 考向01 定语从句的关系词 1. （2026·北京·语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 2. （2024·北京卷·语法填空）Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 3. （2023·北京卷·语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference. 4. （2021·北京卷·语法填空）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 5. （2022·北京卷·语法填空）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. 6. （2026·全国I卷·语法填空）____62Drawn____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 7. （2026·全国II卷·语法填空）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 8. （2026·北京东城·二模）Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____18____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. 9. （2026·北京西城·二模）Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well, 16 benefits include increased self-respect, enhanced positive emotions, and a more optimistic outlook on life. 10. （2026·北京海淀区二模）Scientists have been studying a hidden weapon beneath the ocean to tackle climate change. Seagrass, ____15____ occupies less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, is responsible for storing 10% of the ocean’s carbon. 11. （2026·北京朝阳区二模）One day, there came the owner named May, __12__ rare eye condition prevented her from reading the tiny characters. 12. （2026·北京石景山二模）For example, you may find yourself in a job interview ____15____ you’re competing against other applicants. 13. （2026·北京顺义二模）Mollie Ray, a comic artist and author, devotes herself to championing young comic creators. She wants to reach young people ____14____ might not otherwise have access to the arts and give them a voice through comics. 14.（2026·北京房山二模）Studies suggest that, under the right conditions, blue spaces can also reduce noise in urban areas, help improve air quality, and cool down hot climates — all of ____20____ contribute to physical health. 15. （2019·北京海淀区一模）However, those ____18____ don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also ____19____ (danger). 考向02 名词性从句的连词 1.（2025·北京卷·语法填空）The truth, though, is 13 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 2.（2022·北京卷·语法填空）It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 3.（2021·北京卷·语法填空）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived． 4. （2026·北京石景山区一模）Combinations of factors unique to individuals — age, gender, medical condition — affect ____16____ we experience temperature. 5. （2026·北京西城区·二模）This is thanks to Xpeng’s custom AI robotics architecture, which enables it to interpret visual inputs and respond physically without needing to first translate 20 it sees into language. 6. （2026·北京海淀区二模）Most people change habits by focusing on outcomes — what they want to achieve. The alternative is identity-based habits — focusing on ____18____ you wish to become. 7. （2026·北京朝阳区二模）“I want to know __13__ I come from,” she whispered. 8. （2026·北京石景山二模）What matters is ____16____ you can manage to see the hiring manager first or last. 9.（2026·北京顺义二模）Her advice to young people is to keep practicing and put time into ____17____ makes them happy. 10.（2026·北京延庆区一模）If we treat AI as an all-powerful adviser, we risk forgetting ____18____ to question, reason, and recognize. 考向03 状语从句的连词 （2026·北京房山二模）For starters, ____17_spending___ (spend) time in blue spaces encourages movement — ____18____ you’re walking around a lake or swimming in it — and physical activity is vital for a healthier body and brain. 考向04 并列句的连词 1.（2026·四川巴中一模）Tracing the rise of the Qin Empire, the exhibition showcased ten original Terracotta Warriors ____37____ various ceremonial objects discovered in the imperial tomb. 2. （2026·浙江温州二模）Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that 56typically (typical) demands decades of practice in a cave? 57 do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way? 3. （2026·湖南常德一模）It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. 拔高·模拟预测 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·“龙虾”开源人工智能】（2026·北京161中学·三模）OpenClaw is an open-source AI agent 17 (nickname) “the lobster (龙虾)” for its red lobster-shaped logo. Unlike traditional chatbots that only give suggestions, it autonomously 18 (finish) tasks by taking over a user’s computer. Through a “perceive-decide-execute” loop, it manages files, sends emails, and writes code. 19 sets it apart is its “local-first” design, 20 keeps data private on the user’s device. OpenClaw bridges the gap between conversational AI and real-world automation. Passage 2 【新情境·个人奋斗】（2025年·海淀·一模）Director Yang Yu, better known as Jiaozi, has spent over a decade enhancing his skills in China’s competitive animation industry. Early in his career, however, he ____11____ (face) constant rejections and financial struggles. His breakthrough came in 2019 with the masterpiece Ne Zha ____12____ proved Chinese animation could rival global giants. To create a follow-up movie, he immersed ____13____ (he) in perfecting storytelling and cutting-edge effects, often working 16-hour days. His journey — from a self-taught artist to a pioneer ____14____ (reshape) an industry — inspires dreamers worldwide: greatness isn’t born overnight, but built through commitment. Passage 3 【新情境·独处】（2025年·海淀·一模）By the end of each day, we all long for a little personal space and quiet time. Alone time can vary greatly from person to person. For some, it is ____15____ (simple) about being physically away from people, while for others, it is the ability ____16____ (disconnect) when alone. To figure out whether alone time energizes or consumes you, you’d better dedicate a full day just to yourself and observe ____17____ it affects your emotions. If you feel refreshed after taking time to yourself, you can set aside more alone time into your schedule. However, if you feel frustrated when alone, you need to lean into social connections more frequently. Passage 4 【新情境·动物保护】（2025年·东城·二模）One night, my cat slipped out of the house unnoticed. The next evening, a man knocked on my door and asked ____11____ I was missing a cat. He explained he had spotted a cat lying by the roadside after being hit by a truck. He stopped ____12____ (help), wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food. ____13____ no collar to guide him, he had to go door-to-door until he found me. Passage 5 【新情境·学校储物柜】（2025年·东城·二模）Lockers have long been a school tradition, but are they still necessary? Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They also serve as valuable social spaces ____18____ friendships form. However, more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments, making lockers ____19____ (necessary). So, if schools remove lockers, most of which are very old, more space ____20____ (create) in the hallways. They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects, which will bring students together. Passage 6 【新情境·公共热线的起源及其在中国的发展】 （2025年·石景山·一模）The first public hotline, ____14____ is a tool for enhancing citizen participation and improving city management, started in London in 1937. In China, the government hotline ____15____ (launch) in big cities during the 1980s and later improved to be a citizen service platform in 2019. Now, in Beijing, more than 1,700 operators deal with over 60,000 calls each day. This system ____16____ (promote) interaction between citizens and the city, ____17____ (respond) to their appeals and making the city a better place. Passage 7 【新情境·中国烹饪中发酵】（2026·山东日照·一模）Food has long been regarded as the soul of Chinese culture. And Chinese cuisine, which is renowned for its diversity and philosophical 36 (deep), holds the ancient art of fermentation (发酵) in particularly high regard. This transformative process serves not only as a practical method of preservation but also as a 37 (base) technique for unlocking complex flavor profiles. Over the past thousands of years, this traditional food-making method, carried forward like a living heritage, 38 (pass) down from generation to generation, shining brightly in the long river of Chinese food culture. Beyond everyday seasonings 39 soy sauce and vinegar (醋), which are themselves products of fermentation, more distinctive creations can be found. Southern cuisines, such as 40 of Guangdong, rely on fermented seafood or beans to form the essential flavorful foundation for numerous dishes. In Sichuan, paocai (pickled vegetables) provides a sharp counterpoint to the region’s fiery chilies, thus 41 (create) a thrilling yet balanced taste sensation. The most iconic example is perhaps fermented tofu (furu), 42 humble beancurd is transformed by microbes (微生物) into a product with a creamy texture and a cheese-like flavor. This tasty food, 43 enjoyed as a fragrant, flavor-packed seasoning or as a steaming, delicious street snack, 44 (reflect) a core cooking principle: transforming simple ingredients into lasting sources of taste. Indeed, fermentation represents where microbiology meets gastronomy. To explore them is to taste an essential pillar of China’s food heritage— one 45 (preserve) through time and folk wisdom. Passage 8 【新角度:自然科学】（2026·安徽合肥·一模） On hot summer days, when high temperatures often reduce people’s appetite, cold desserts tend to sound far more refreshing than a bowl of hot noodles. In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, ____36____ many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream. The name Sushan, meaning crispy mountain, originally ____37____ (come) from its shape as well as its breakable structure. It looked like a small mountain of shaved ice ____38____ (combine) with milk, butter and sugar, and ____39____ (make) it more popular on special occasions, it was sometimes decorated with flowers and leaves. During the Tang Dynasty, the emperor’s court ____40____ (far) developed this dessert. Milk was sweetened, sometimes thickened with flour, and then iced through advanced ____41____ (cool) methods. Metal containers holding the mixture were often placed in ice with saltpeter (硝石), ____42____ substance that lowers the freezing point of water. This technique made it possible for the upper class to enjoy cold dishes ____43____ the fact that the weather itself was not that cold. Although Sushan was not exactly the same as modern ice cream, it shared several essential characteristics, and ____44____ (present) in a partly frozen state occasionally. It reflected not only the _____45_____ (innovate) of ancient Chinese people, but also the special status that frozen desserts held in court life. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 连词 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 11 拔高·模拟预测 17 真题·命题感知 考向01 定语从句的关系词 1.（2026·北京）But it is now challenged by the digitalization of the society which allows everyone ___20___ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：但如今社会数字化正对这一现状提出挑战，数字化让每一位联网的人都能获取学习资源。句中先行词 everyone 指人，关系词在从句 ____ is connected to the Internet 中充当主语；指人、作主语的关系代词用 who / that。故填who/that。 解题方法 四步解题完整步骤 步骤 1：拆分句子，分清主句、从句 ①找谓语动词，数句子个数：两套主谓 = 有从句； ②找名词 / 代词（先行词）：从句修饰前面名词 / 代词，就是定语从句； ③区分：逗号隔开 = 非限制性定语从句；无逗号 = 限制性定语从句。 快速判断口诀：名词后面跟句子，十有八九定从句。 步骤 2：锁定先行词，判断「人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因」 ①人：who, whom, whose, that ②物：which, that ③时间（time, day, year…）：when ④地点（place, city, school…）：where ⑤原因（reason）：why 步骤 3：划从句缺什么成分（最关键一步） 看空格后的从句，缺主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语： ①缺主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词（who/whom/which/that） 人作主：who /that 人作宾：whom /who/that 物作主宾：which /that ②缺定语（表 “…… 的”）→ whose（人 / 物都能用） ③不缺主宾，主谓完整 → 缺状语，用关系副词 when/where/why 步骤 3：看特殊限制，排除错误选项 ①非限制性定语从句（有逗号）：不能用 that； ②介词提前时：人只用 whom，物只用 which； ③先行词不定代词 all, everything, nothing 等，只用 that； ④先行词既有人又有物，只用 that。 一分句子找先行，二分人物时分清； 三看从句缺成分，主宾代词状用副； 逗号不用 that，介词后只 whom/which。 先行是人用 who，物用 which 都记熟； 从句缺主宾用代，句子完整用副 when/where/why； 表 “谁的” 用 whose，前后名词来连接； 逗号隔开非限定，坚决不能写 that。 分情况举例演示 例 1：I like the girl ____ is standing there. ①拆分：先行词 the girl（人）； ②从句____ is standing there，缺主语； ③人 + 缺主语 → who/that。 例 2：This is the factory ____ my father worked. ①先行词 factory（地点）； ②从句 my father worked 主谓完整，不缺主宾； ③缺地点状语 → where。 例 3：The house ____ roof is red is mine. ①先行词 the house； ②空格修饰 roof，表 “房子的”； ③表所属 → whose。 例 4：He has a sister, ____ works in a hospital. ①逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句； ②先行词 sister 是人，从句缺主语； ③不能用 that → who。 例 5：This is the house in ____ we lived last year. ①介词 in 提前，先行词物； ②介词后不用 that → which。 先行是人用 who，物用 which 都记熟； 从句缺主宾用代，句子完整用副 when/where/why； 表 “谁的” 用 whose，前后名词来连接； 逗号隔开非限定，坚决不能写 that。 高考三大题型补充技巧 语法填空（无提示词） 名词后空格，先判断定从；缺主宾填 who/which/that；句子完整填 when/where/why/whose。 易混难点区分（where vs which） 判断标准：把先行词放回从句，看是否需要加介词 This is the park ____ we visited. visit the park（直接作宾语）→ 缺宾语 → which/that This is the park ____ we walked. walk in the park（要加介词 in）→ 缺地点状语 → where 考向02 名词性从句的连词 2. （2025·北京卷·语法填空）The truth, though, is 13 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 【答案】what 【解析】考查表语从句的连词。句意：不过，真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。 解题方法 名词性从句包含：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 核心总口诀 先分主从找从句，二看句子完不完整； 缺主宾用连接代，句完整用连接副； 陈述事实用 that，疑问含义 what/whether。 步骤1：区分主句、从句，判定是名词性从句 识别从句位置（四大位置） ① 动词前（主语从句）：____ he came late surprised me. ② 动词后（宾语从句）：I know ____ he is right. ③ be 动词后（表语从句）：My hope is ____ I can pass the exam. ④ 抽象名词后（同位语从句）：the news ____ he won the game 判断依据：从句整体在句中充当名词成分，即为名词性从句； 区分定语从句：定语从句修饰前面名词，名词性从句本身充当句子主干成分。 步骤2：判断从句内部句子结构 —— 从句是否缺主干（主语 / 宾语 / 表语） ①情况 A：从句缺少主语、宾语、表语 → 用连接代词 what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 含义：有实际词义，在从句中充当成分，不能省略。 ②情况 B：从句主谓完整，不缺主宾 → 用连接副词 /that/whether that：无词义，不作成分，只起连接作用；陈述语气宾语从句可省略 that whether/if：表 “是否”，不作成分 when/where/why/how：表时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式，作状语 步骤3：判断句子语气与语义，锁定连词 ①陈述句、无疑问含义、不缺成分 → that He said (that) he would help me. ②表 “是否”，不缺成分 → whether（正式；可放句首、介词后、不定式前）；if 仅限宾语从句 I don’t know whether/if he will come. ③有 “什么 / 谁 / 哪一个” 含义，缺主宾 → what/who/which What he said is true.（从句缺宾语 said 的宾语） ④表时间、地点、原因、方式，句子完整 → when/where/why/how I don’t know where he lives.（he lives 主谓完整，缺地点状语） 步骤4：特殊规则排查（避坑验证） ①介词后面不能用 if，只能用 whether； ②同位语从句只用 that，不能用 which； ③主语从句、表语从句的 that永远不能省略； ④连词不重复使用：不能出现 that what /whether where 叠加； ⑤what = 名词 + which/that，自带指代含义，不可与先行词共用。 典型例题分步演示 例 1 ____ he did moved us deeply. 第一步：从句在动词前，主语从句； 第二步：从句 he did 缺少宾语（did 后缺宾语）； 第三步：缺宾语，表 “…… 的事”，用 What； 第四步：无特殊陷阱，答案 What。 例 2 The fact ____ he is honest is known to all. 第一步：抽象名词 fact 后，同位语从句； 第二步：从句 he is honest 主谓表齐全，不缺成分； 第三步：陈述事实无疑问，用 that； 第四步：同位语从句只能用 that，验证正确。 例 3 I am not sure ____ he will agree with us. 第一步：sure 形容词后宾语从句； 第二步：从句主谓完整； 第三步：语义 “是否”，填 whether/if； 第四步：无介词、无不定式，两者均可。 例 4 This is ____ we differ. 第一步：be 动词后，表语从句； 第二步：we differ 主谓完整； 第三步：含义 “…… 的地方”，表地点，用 where； 第四步：验证句意通顺。 题型配套技巧 语法填空无提示词 先看从句是否缺主宾：缺→what/who；完整→that/whether/when/where/why/how 精简速记小口诀 从句缺主宾用 what/who，句子完整 that 放头； 表是否用 whether，介词句首不用 if； 同位从句只用 that，定从名词修饰别混淆。 考向03 状语从句的连词 1.（2026·北京顺义区一模）____19____ we shift to recyclable satellites and work to build a healthier relationship with space, we will face even ____20_worse___ (bad) challenges. 【答案】unless 【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：除非我们转向可回收卫星，并努力与太空建立更健康的关系，否则我们将面临更严峻的挑战。前后句之间是条件关系，表示“除非……否则……”，应用连词unless引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unless。 步骤1：拆分句子，识别状语从句 ①一句话两套主谓，中间有空格隔开，大概率是状语从句； ②状语从句不修饰名词，只修饰动词、形容词、整句话，用来表时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、目的、比较、方式； ③区分标志：连词连接两个完整分句，前后都有主谓（和名词性从句、定语从句核心区别）。 步骤2：判断前后分句逻辑关系（8 大类核心逻辑） ①读完前后两句，判断逻辑归属，锁定大类： ②时间：先后、同时、瞬间发生 → when/while/as/before/after/since/until ③条件：假设、前提 → if/unless/as long as/on condition that ④原因：解释理由 → because/since/as/now that ⑤让步：转折、“虽然、尽管” → though/although/even if/while ⑥目的：为了 → so that/in order that ⑦结果：因此、以至于 → so…that/such…that ⑧比较：比、越…… 越 → than/as…as/the + 比较级…the + 比较级 ⑨方式：按照、如同 → as/as if 步骤3：同类逻辑下，根据句意精准挑选连词 ①时间类区分 when：可延续 / 短暂动作； while：从句必须是延续进行动词； as：强调同步 “一边… 一边”； before：在… 之前；after 在… 之后； until：直到；since：自从（主句常用完成时）。 ②条件类区分 if 如果；unless = if…not 除非； as long as 只要（表充分条件）。 ③原因类区分 because 直接回答 why，语气最强； since/as/now that 既然，显而易见的原因。 ④让步类高频易错 though/although 不能和 but 连用，但可和 yet/still 搭配； while 放句首也可表 “虽然”。 ⑤目的 & 结果 so that /in order that + 情态动词（can/may/will）表目的； so/such…that 如此… 以至于，后接完整句子表结果。 步骤4：特殊语法规则验证，排除陷阱 ①时态搭配核对 ②since 引导时间从句，主句现在完成时； ③主将从现：if/unless/as long as 条件从句，主句将来时，从句一般现在时。 ④固定结构不能混搭 ⑤although/though 后面不能加 but； ⑥so 后接形容词 / 副词，such 后接名词短语。 逗号位置辅助判断 让步、时间连词放句首，从句后加逗号； 连词放句中一般不用逗号。 完整例题分步演示 例题 1：____ you work hard, you will succeed. ①拆分：两句主谓，状语从句； ②逻辑：“只要努力就会成功”→条件； ③选词：as long as /if； ④验证：主将从现，语法无误。 例题 2：He didn’t go to bed ____ his mother came back. ①两句主谓，状语从句； ②逻辑：时间，直到妈妈回来才睡觉； ③选词：until； ④验证：not…until 固定搭配，通顺。 例题 3：____ he is young, he knows a lot. ①两句主谓； ②逻辑转折让步：虽然年纪小； ③选词：Although / Though / While； ④验证：句首让步，句中不加 but，正确。 例题 4：He got up early ____ he could catch the first bus. ①双主谓； ②逻辑：早起为了赶车，表目的； ③选词：so that； ④验证：从句有情态动词 could，符合目的从句特征。 实用技巧 语法填空无提示词 先读两句判逻辑大类，再选对应连词，最后核对时态、固定搭配 两分句子看逻辑，八大类型记清晰； 时间条件因让步，目的结果比较齐； although 不搭 but，主将从现要牢记； so 形 such 名分清楚，固定搭配别混淆。 考向04 并列句的连词 1.（2026·山西运城一模）Like artists working with light, they collect the sunshine that misses the valley ___40___ send a bright, warm ray of light straight down ___41in/into the town square. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：它们收集错过山谷的阳光，并将一束明亮温暖的光线直接照射到镇广场上。空处连接两个并列的动词collect和send，应用并列连词and。故填and。 两句完整主谓，先找逻辑关系； 并列连词四组，转折顺承选择因果； 固定搭配记牢，前后时态统一。 步骤1：识别并列句（区分从句，核心判断） 1. 句子里两套及以上完整主谓结构，互不充当对方成分（没有修饰、包含关系）； 2. 两句地位平等，靠并列连词连接，不是定从 / 名从 / 状从； 3. 标志：空格前后都是完整简单句，无先行词、不缺主干成分。 步骤2：判断前后分句逻辑（四大类并列连词） 通读前后两句，匹配逻辑类别： 1. 顺承 / 递进（and）：并列、顺承、补充、递进、动作先后 2. 转折对比（but /yet/while）：前后意思相反、反差 3. 选择（or）：或者；否则（or=otherwise） 4. 因果（so /for） · so：因此，表结果； · for：因为，只能放后半句，补充说明原因。 步骤3：根据逻辑锁定连词 1. 顺承、并列、递进 → and He opened the door and walked in. 2. 语义相反、转折 → but /yet He tried hard, but he failed. 3. 二选一、警告 “否则” → or Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 4. 前因后果 → so；补充原因（后置）→ for It rained, so we stayed home. He must be ill, for he didn’t come. 1. 不能同时连用：but 不与 although/though 连用；so 不与 because 连用； 2. for 不能放句首，只能放在两个分句中间； 3. 祈使句 + and/or + 将来时固定结构； 4. 标点：并列连词连接两分句，连词前常加逗号； 5. 并列结构前后时态、词性保持一致。 例题分步演示 例 1：Work hard, ____ you will make progress. 1. 识别：前后两套主谓，两句独立，并列句； 2. 逻辑：努力，然后进步，顺承； 3. 选 and； 4. 校验：祈使句 + and + 将来时，结构正确。 例 2：He is young, ____ he knows much. 1. 两套主谓，并列句； 2. 逻辑：年纪小，但懂得多，转折； 3. 填 but； 4. 校验：无 though，but 单独使用，无冲突。 例 3：Get up early, ____ you will miss the bus. 1. 并列句； 2. 逻辑：早点起床，否则错过车；表警告选择； 3. 填 or。 例 4：It was dark, ____ we turned on the light. 1. 并列句； 2. 前因天黑，后果开灯； 3. so； 4. 无 because，so 单独使用，合规。 做题技巧 语法填空无提示词 前后均完整句子，优先考虑 and/but/or/so/for； 两分完整主谓句，平等并列不靠从句； 顺 and 转 but 选 or，结果 so 原因 for； although 不搭 but，because 不搭 so。 进阶·强化演练 考向01 定语从句的关系词 1. （2026·北京·语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 2. （2024·北京卷·语法填空）Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 3. （2023·北京卷·语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 4. （2021·北京卷·语法填空）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 5. （2022·北京卷·语法填空）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。 6. （2026·全国I卷·语法填空）____62Drawn____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 7. （2026·全国II卷·语法填空）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 8. （2026·北京东城·二模）Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____18____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：每一门社会科学都构建一套知识体系，其内容由描述事实、趋势和观察之间关联的一般规律、原理和归纳结论构成。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a body of knowledge，空格后content与先行词为所属关系，表示“知识体系的内容”，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 9. （2026·北京西城·二模）Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well, 16 benefits include increased self-respect, enhanced positive emotions, and a more optimistic outlook on life. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：感恩对心理健康也有着极大的积极影响，它的好处包括增强自尊、丰富积极情绪以及树立更乐观的人生态度。先行词为 gratitude，空后名词和先行词为所属关系，引导非限制性定语从句。 10. （2026·北京海淀区二模）Scientists have been studying a hidden weapon beneath the ocean to tackle climate change. Seagrass, ____15____ occupies less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, is responsible for storing 10% of the ocean’s carbon. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：海草仅占洋底面积的不足0.2%，却负责储存海洋中10%的碳。先行词为seagrass，指代事物，且引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，用which引导。 11. （2026·北京朝阳区二模）One day, there came the owner named May, __12__ rare eye condition prevented her from reading the tiny characters. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：一天，族谱主人梅前来寻来，她患有罕见眼疾，看不清上面微小的文字。关系词在从句中修饰名词，表所属关系，指代 “她的”，故填 whose。 12. （2026·北京石景山二模）For example, you may find yourself in a job interview ____15____ you’re competing against other applicants. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：例如，你可能会发现自己在求职面试中与其他申请者竞争。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为job interview，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。 13. （2026·北京顺义二模）Mollie Ray, a comic artist and author, devotes herself to championing young comic creators. She wants to reach young people ____14____ might not otherwise have access to the arts and give them a voice through comics. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：她希望接触到那些原本无法接触艺术的年轻人，并通过漫画为他们提供发声的机会。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词people是人，因此用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。 14.（2026·北京房山二模）Studies suggest that, under the right conditions, blue spaces can also reduce noise in urban areas, help improve air quality, and cool down hot climates — all of ____20____ contribute to physical health. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：研究表明，在适宜条件下，蓝色空间还能降低城市噪音、助力改善空气质量、缓解气候炎热 ——所有这些都对身体健康有益。空处引导定语从句，先行词是上文句子，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。 15. （2019·北京海淀区一模）However, those ____18____ don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also ____19____ (danger). 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：然而，那些不筛选新想法的人最终会相信不仅错误而且危险的事情。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。 考向02 名词性从句的连词 1.（2025·北京卷·语法填空）The truth, though, is 13 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 【答案】what 【解析】考查表语从句的连词。句意：不过，真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。 2.（2022·北京卷·语法填空）It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。 3.（2021·北京卷·语法填空）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived． 【答案】where 【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。 4. （2026·北京石景山区一模）Combinations of factors unique to individuals — age, gender, medical condition — affect ____16____ we experience temperature. 【答案】how 【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：年龄、性别、身体状况等个体特有的多种因素组合，会影响我们对温度的感受方式。空格处引导宾语从句，作动词affect的宾语，且在从句中作方式状语，意为“如何，怎样”。故填how。 5. （2026·北京西城区·二模）This is thanks to Xpeng’s custom AI robotics architecture, which enables it to interpret visual inputs and respond physically without needing to first translate 20 it sees into language. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：它能够解读视觉信息并做出肢体反应，无需先把所见之物转化为语言。动词后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代事物，用连接代词引导。故填what. 6. （2026·北京海淀区二模）Most people change habits by focusing on outcomes — what they want to achieve. The alternative is identity-based habits — focusing on ____18____ you wish to become. 【答案】who/what 【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：另一种方式则是基于个人身份的习惯——专注于你希望成为什么样的人。引导宾语从句，从句缺少表语，指人用who, 指身份（什么样的人）用what. 7. （2026·北京朝阳区二模）“I want to know __13__ I come from,” she whispered. 【答案】where 【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：我想知道自己来自何方。从句缺少地点状语，表达出身出处，故填 where。 8. （2026·北京石景山二模）What matters is ____16____ you can manage to see the hiring manager first or last. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查表语从句的连词。句意：重要的是你能否设法第一个或最后一个见到招聘经理。空处引导表语从句，此处表“是否”，只能用whether引导。 9.（2026·北京顺义二模）Her advice to young people is to keep practicing and put time into ____17____ makes them happy. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：她给年轻人的建议是：不断练习，投入时间去做让自己开心的事情。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“……的事情”，用连接代词what引导从句。 10.（2026·北京延庆区一模）If we treat AI as an all-powerful adviser, we risk forgetting ____18____ to question, reason, and recognize. 【答案】how 【解析】考查连词。句意：如果我们把人工智能当作一个无所不能的顾问，我们就有可能忘记如何去质疑、推理和识别。此处为“特殊疑问词+不定式”作宾语相当于宾语从句：how we could question…，结合句意表示“如何”用how。故填how。 考向03 状语从句的连词 （2026·北京房山二模）For starters, ____17_spending___ (spend) time in blue spaces encourages movement — ____18____ you’re walking around a lake or swimming in it — and physical activity is vital for a healthier body and brain. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：首先，在蓝色空间中度过时光能促进人们活动 ——无论你是在湖边散步还是在湖中游泳 —— 而体育锻炼对身心健康至关重要。whether...or...为固定句式，意为“无论…… 还是……”，引导让步状语。 考向04 并列句的连词 1.（2026·四川巴中一模）Tracing the rise of the Qin Empire, the exhibition showcased ten original Terracotta Warriors ____37____ various ceremonial objects discovered in the imperial tomb. 【答案】and 【解析】考查并列句的连词。句意：该展览追溯了秦帝国的崛起，展出了十尊原始兵马俑以及在帝王陵墓中发现的各种礼仪用品。结合句意，ten original Terracotta Warriors和various ceremonial objects为并列关系，均为展览的展品，所以用连词and连接。故填and。 2. （2026·浙江温州二模）Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that 56typically (typical) demands decades of practice in a cave? 57 do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way? 【答案】or 【解析】考查连词。句意：或者你愿意冒险选择非正统的“邪修”吗? 根据句意，上文“Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that demands decades of practice in a cave?”和“ do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way?”是两个表示选择关系的一般疑问句，用连词or连接，意为“或者”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Or。 3. （2026·湖南常德一模）It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：它利用了出其不意的因素以及攻击意外目标带来的心理影响。“the element of surprise”和“the psychological impact”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 拔高·模拟预测 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·“龙虾”开源人工智能】（2026·北京161中学·三模）OpenClaw is an open-source AI agent 17 (nickname) “the lobster (龙虾)” for its red lobster-shaped logo. Unlike traditional chatbots that only give suggestions, it autonomously 18 (finish) tasks by taking over a user’s computer. Through a “perceive-decide-execute” loop, it manages files, sends emails, and writes code. 19 sets it apart is its “local-first” design, 20 keeps data private on the user’s device. OpenClaw bridges the gap between conversational AI and real-world automation. 【答案】17．nicknamed 18．finishes 19．What 20．which 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了一款名为“龙虾”的开源人工智能可自主操控电脑完成多项任务。它采用本地优先设计保护用户数据，有效衔接对话式人工智能与现实场景自动化操作。 【详解】17．考查非谓语动词。句意：OpenClaw是一款开源的人工智能代理，因其红色的龙虾形状标志而被昵称为“龙虾”。句子已有谓语动词 is，空格处需用非谓语动词。 动词nickname“给…… 起绰号”与其逻辑主语OpenClaw之间是被动关系（被称为“龙虾”），因此用过去分词 nicknamed作后置定语，修饰前面的AI agent。 18．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：与那些仅仅提供建议的传统聊天机器人不同，它能够自主完成任务，通过接管用户的电脑来实现这一功能。此处描述OpenClaw的常规功能和特性，用一般现在时。主语 it是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词finish“完成”用第三人称单数形式finishes。 19．考查主语从句。句意：其与众不同的地方在于其“本地优先”的设计，即在用户设备上保持数据的私密性。空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代“使它与众不同的事物”，用what引导该从句；注意句首首字母大写。 20．考查定语从句。句意：其与众不同的地方在于其“本地优先”的设计，即在用户设备上保持数据的私密性。设空处引导非限制定语从句，先行词是前面的“local-first”design（本地优先设计），指物，且在从句中作主语，用which引导该从句。 Passage 2 【新情境·个人奋斗】（2025年·海淀·一模）Director Yang Yu, better known as Jiaozi, has spent over a decade enhancing his skills in China’s competitive animation industry. Early in his career, however, he ____11____ (face) constant rejections and financial struggles. His breakthrough came in 2019 with the masterpiece Ne Zha ____12____ proved Chinese animation could rival global giants. To create a follow-up movie, he immersed ____13____ (he) in perfecting storytelling and cutting-edge effects, often working 16-hour days. His journey — from a self-taught artist to a pioneer ____14____ (reshape) an industry — inspires dreamers worldwide: greatness isn’t born overnight, but built through commitment. 【答案】11. faced 12. which/that 13. himself 14. reshaping 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动画导演饺子（杨宇）的奋斗历程及其对行业的贡献和启示。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：然而，在他的职业生涯早期，他面临着不断的拒绝和经济上的挣扎。根据句中的Early in his career可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，face的过去式为faced，故填faced。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他的突破出现在2019年，他的代表作《哪吒》证明了中国动画可以与全球巨头竞争。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Ne Zha，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 【13题详解】 考查代词。句意：为了创作续集，他全身心投入到完善故事和尖端特效中，经常每天工作16个小时。immerse oneself in为固定短语，表示“全身心投入”，此处应用反身代词himself，表示“他自己”。故填himself。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的旅程——从自学成才的艺术家到重塑行业的先驱——激励着全世界的梦想家：伟大不是一夜之间诞生的，而是通过献身建立起来的。句中已有谓语inspires，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰pioneer，且pioneer与reshape之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填reshaping。 Passage 3 【新情境·独处】（2025年·海淀·一模）By the end of each day, we all long for a little personal space and quiet time. Alone time can vary greatly from person to person. For some, it is ____15____ (simple) about being physically away from people, while for others, it is the ability ____16____ (disconnect) when alone. To figure out whether alone time energizes or consumes you, you’d better dedicate a full day just to yourself and observe ____17____ it affects your emotions. If you feel refreshed after taking time to yourself, you can set aside more alone time into your schedule. However, if you feel frustrated when alone, you need to lean into social connections more frequently. 【答案】15. simply 16. to disconnect 17. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了独处时间的个人差异，以及如何通过自我观察来确定独处是让自己恢复精力还是消耗精力。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：对一些人来说，这只是身体上远离他人，而对另一些人来说，这是独处时断开连接的能力。此处需要用副词simply修饰介词短语about being physically away from people，表示“仅仅，只是”的意思，故填simply。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对一些人来说，这只是身体上远离他人，而对另一些人来说，这是独处时断开连接的能力。the ability to do sth表示“做某事的能力”，所以此处需要用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰ability，表示“断开连接的能力”，故填to disconnect。 【17题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：为了弄清楚独处是让你精力充沛还是消耗你的精力，你最好花一整天时间独处，观察它如何影响你的情绪。observe后接宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何影响你的情绪”，所以此处应用how引导从句，故填how。 Passage 4 【新情境·动物保护】（2025年·东城·二模）One night, my cat slipped out of the house unnoticed. The next evening, a man knocked on my door and asked ____11____ I was missing a cat. He explained he had spotted a cat lying by the roadside after being hit by a truck. He stopped ____12____ (help), wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food. ____13____ no collar to guide him, he had to go door-to-door until he found me. 【答案】11. if##whether 12. to help 13. With 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者的猫跑出去被一个男人救助并最终找到作者的故事。 【11题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：第二天晚上，一个男人来敲我的门，问我是不是丢了一只猫。空处引导宾语从句作asked的宾语，结合句意可知此处指“问我是不是丢了一只猫”，使用if/whether“是否”引导，故填if/whether。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他停下来帮忙，用一些暖和的东西把它包起来，并提供水和食物。结合“wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food”可知，此处指“他停下来去帮忙”，使用stop to do sth，故填to help。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：由于没有项圈指引，他只好挨家挨户地找，直到找到我为止。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，在句中作状语，首字母应大写，故填With。 Passage 5 【新情境·学校储物柜】（2025年·东城·二模）Lockers have long been a school tradition, but are they still necessary? Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They also serve as valuable social spaces ____18____ friendships form. However, more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments, making lockers ____19____ (necessary). So, if schools remove lockers, most of which are very old, more space ____20____ (create) in the hallways. They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects, which will bring students together. 【答案】18. where 19. unnecessary 20. will be created 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学校储物柜的必要性及其可能的替代用途。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它们也作为宝贵的社交空间，友谊在这里形成。设空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是spaces，从句中缺少地点状语，表示“在储物柜这个社交空间中形成友谊”，应用关系副词when引导。故填where 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，更多学生使用笔记本电脑和在线内容学习，使储物柜变得不必要。根据上下文逻辑，科技手段的普及使储物柜的功能被弱化，应用necessary的反义词unnecessary“不必要的”，作宾语补足语。故填unnecessary。 【20题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：如果学校拆除老旧储物柜，走廊里将创造更多空间。if引导条件状语从句，主句描述未来结果， 且space与create为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be created。 Passage 6 【新情境·公共热线的起源及其在中国的发展】 （2025年·石景山·一模）The first public hotline, ____14____ is a tool for enhancing citizen participation and improving city management, started in London in 1937. In China, the government hotline ____15____ (launch) in big cities during the 1980s and later improved to be a citizen service platform in 2019. Now, in Beijing, more than 1,700 operators deal with over 60,000 calls each day. This system ____16____ (promote) interaction between citizens and the city, ____17____ (respond) to their appeals and making the city a better place. 【答案】14. which 15. was launched 16. promotes 17. responding 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了公共热线的起源及其在中国的发展。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：第一条公共热线于1937年在伦敦开通，是加强公民参与和改善城市管理的工具。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The first public hotline，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【15题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：在中国，政府热线于20世纪80年代在大城市推出，后来在2019年改进为公民服务平台。根据时间状语during the 1980s可知，句子使用一般过去时，launch与主语the government hotline 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是the government hotline ，be动词使用was。故填was launched。 【16题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该系统促进了公民与城市之间的互动，回应了他们的诉求，使城市变得更美好。句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语This system是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填promotes。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该系统促进了公民与城市之间的互动，回应了他们的诉求，使城市变得更美好。空处作非谓语动词，respond与逻辑主语This system之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填responding。 Passage 7 【新情境·中国烹饪中发酵】（2026·山东日照·一模）Food has long been regarded as the soul of Chinese culture. And Chinese cuisine, which is renowned for its diversity and philosophical 36 (deep), holds the ancient art of fermentation (发酵) in particularly high regard. This transformative process serves not only as a practical method of preservation but also as a 37 (base) technique for unlocking complex flavor profiles. Over the past thousands of years, this traditional food-making method, carried forward like a living heritage, 38 (pass) down from generation to generation, shining brightly in the long river of Chinese food culture. Beyond everyday seasonings 39 soy sauce and vinegar (醋), which are themselves products of fermentation, more distinctive creations can be found. Southern cuisines, such as 40 of Guangdong, rely on fermented seafood or beans to form the essential flavorful foundation for numerous dishes. In Sichuan, paocai (pickled vegetables) provides a sharp counterpoint to the region’s fiery chilies, thus 41 (create) a thrilling yet balanced taste sensation. The most iconic example is perhaps fermented tofu (furu), 42 humble beancurd is transformed by microbes (微生物) into a product with a creamy texture and a cheese-like flavor. This tasty food, 43 enjoyed as a fragrant, flavor-packed seasoning or as a steaming, delicious street snack, 44 (reflect) a core cooking principle: transforming simple ingredients into lasting sources of taste. Indeed, fermentation represents where microbiology meets gastronomy. To explore them is to taste an essential pillar of China’s food heritage— one 45 (preserve) through time and folk wisdom. 【答案】 36．depth 37．basic 38．has been passed 39．like 40．those 41．creating 42．where 43．whether 44．reflects 45．preserved 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国烹饪中发酵这一古老技艺。 36．考查名词。句意：中国烹饪以其多样性和哲学深度而闻名，尤其重视古老的发酵艺术。此处与diversity并列，作介词for的宾语，应用名词depth，意为“深度”，表示抽象概念，不可数。故填depth。 37．考查形容词。句意：这种转化过程不仅是一种实用的保存方法，也是解锁复杂风味的基本技术。此处修饰名词technique，应用形容词basic，意为“基本的”。故填basic。 38．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的几千年里，这种传统的食物制作方法，像一种活的遗产一样传承下来，一代又一代地流传下来，在中国饮食文化的长河中闪耀着光芒。根据时间状语Over the past thousands of years可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语this traditional food - making method与pass down之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，所以用has been passed。故填has been passed。 39．考查介词。句意：除了日常的调味料，如酱油和醋，它们本身就是发酵的产物，还可以发现更独特的创造。此处表示列举，意为“像，例如”，用介词like。故填like。 40．考查代词。句意：南方菜系，如广东的菜系，依靠发酵的海鲜或豆类为众多菜肴形成基本的风味基础。此处指代前文的cuisines，为复数，用those指代同类不同物。故填those。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：在四川，泡菜与该地区的火辣辣椒形成鲜明对比，从而创造出一种刺激但平衡的味觉体验。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词provides，所以此处应用非谓语动词，paocai与create之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词creating作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填creating。 42．考查定语从句。句意：最具代表性的例子可能是腐乳，在这个过程中，普通的豆腐被微生物转化为一种质地如奶油、味道类似奶酪的产品。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为fermented tofu，在从句中作地点状语，相当于in fermented tofu，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 43．考查固定搭配。句意：这种美味的食物，无论是作为一种香气扑鼻、味道浓郁的调味料，还是作为一种热气腾腾、美味可口的街头小吃，都反映了一个核心烹饪原则：将简单的食材转化为持久的美味来源。此处为固定搭配whether...or...，意为“无论是……还是……”。故填whether。 44．考查动词时态。句意：这种美味的食物，无论是作为一种香气扑鼻、味道浓郁的调味料，还是作为一种热气腾腾、美味可口的街头小吃，都反映了一个核心烹饪原则：将简单的食材转化为持久的美味来源。此处为句子的谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语This tasty food是单数，所以用reflects。故填reflects。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：探索它们就是品尝中国饮食遗产的一个重要支柱——一个通过时间和民间智慧保存下来的支柱。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以此处应用非谓语动词，one（指代an essential pillar）与preserve之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词preserved作后置定语，修饰one。故填preserved。 Passage 8 【新角度:自然科学】（2026·安徽合肥·一模） On hot summer days, when high temperatures often reduce people’s appetite, cold desserts tend to sound far more refreshing than a bowl of hot noodles. In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, ____36____ many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream. The name Sushan, meaning crispy mountain, originally ____37____ (come) from its shape as well as its breakable structure. It looked like a small mountain of shaved ice ____38____ (combine) with milk, butter and sugar, and ____39____ (make) it more popular on special occasions, it was sometimes decorated with flowers and leaves. During the Tang Dynasty, the emperor’s court ____40____ (far) developed this dessert. Milk was sweetened, sometimes thickened with flour, and then iced through advanced ____41____ (cool) methods. Metal containers holding the mixture were often placed in ice with saltpeter (硝石), ____42____ substance that lowers the freezing point of water. This technique made it possible for the upper class to enjoy cold dishes ____43____ the fact that the weather itself was not that cold. Although Sushan was not exactly the same as modern ice cream, it shared several essential characteristics, and ____44____ (present) in a partly frozen state occasionally. It reflected not only the _____45_____ (innovate) of ancient Chinese people, but also the special status that frozen desserts held in court life. 【答案】36. which 37. came 38. combined 39. to make 40. further 41. cooling 42. a 43. despite 44. was presented 45. innovation 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国古代冷饮酥山，被视为最早的冰淇淋雏形。它由冰与奶等制成，唐代宫廷进一步改良，体现了古人的智慧与当时的饮食文化。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在古代中国，贵族们享用一种名为“酥山”的特殊冷食，许多学者认为这种食物是最早的冰淇淋形式。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Sushan，在从句作宾语，指物，故填which。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：“酥山”这个名字的意思是“酥脆的山丘”，它的得名源于其形状以及易碎的结构特点。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故填came。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它看起来就像一堆由碎冰、牛奶、黄油和糖混合而成的“冰山”，为了在特殊场合更受欢迎，有时还会用鲜花和树叶加以装饰。此处combine与a small mountain of shaved ice构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填combined。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它看起来就像一堆由碎冰、牛奶、黄油和糖混合而成的“冰山”，为了在特殊场合更受欢迎，有时还会用鲜花和树叶加以装饰。此处make作目的状语，用不定式形式。故填to make。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：在唐朝时期，皇帝的宫廷进一步完善了这种甜点的制作工艺。修饰动词develop，表示“进一步”用副词further。故填further。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：牛奶经过了加糖处理，有时还会用面粉加以增稠，然后通过先进的冷却技术进行冰制。修饰methods用形容词cooling。故填cooling。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：用于盛装混合物的金属容器通常会被置于装有硝石的冰块之中。硝石是一种能降低水的凝固点的物质。此处substance为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：这种技术使得上层阶级即便在天气并不十分寒冷的情况下也能享用冷食。despite the fact that表示“尽管……，即便是……”。故填despite。 【44题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：虽然酥山与现代冰淇淋并非完全相同，但它具备一些共同的特性，并且有时也会以部分冷冻的状态呈现出来。主语it与谓语present构成被动关系，根据上文shared可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was presented。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：它不仅体现了中国古代人民的创新精神，还反映了冰冻甜品在宫廷生活中所具有的特殊地位。作动词reflected的宾语，用名词innovation，不可数。故填innovation。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $