Unit 6 When Disaster Strikes 知识点总结 2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕“自然灾害与安全防范”主题，通过主题分类表格系统梳理重点词汇、短语及句型，用对比表格解析过去进行时与一般过去时的区别、when与while的用法差异，构建清晰的知识脉络，突出语法和话题表达的重难点。 讲义亮点在于分层自测设计与文化渗透，基础过关题夯实词汇语法基础，能力提升题强化语境运用，写作框架结合范文引导学生用过去进行时描述灾害经历，培养语言能力。文化常识部分融入抗震救灾精神与国际救援知识，提升文化意识，助力教师实施分层教学与学生自主复习。

AI 生成 外研版（2024新版）八年级上册 Unit 6 When disaster strikes 单元知识点总结 适用教材：外研版（2024新版）八年级上册 | 适用学段：初二上学期 | 资料类型：单元知识点总结 课标对接 【话题】自然灾害与安全防范（Natural Disasters & Safety） 【语言技能】能听懂并讨论自然灾害话题，能用过去进行时描述过去某时刻正在发生的动作，能读懂关于地震、洪水等灾害的记叙文，能用英语写一次灾害经历或安全防范建议短文。 【文化意识】了解中国抗震救灾精神，认识国际救援行动的意义，掌握自然灾害防范与自救常识。 【核心语法】过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）——was/were + V-ing，表示过去某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 目录 一、重点词汇（按主题分类，含音标/词性/搭配/例句） 二、重点短语与固定搭配（含辨析对比） 三、重点句型（8大核心句型，含公式+例句+仿写范例） 四、语法精讲（过去进行时全解——构成/用法/when vs while/与一般过去时区别/时间状语） 五、单元话题写作（写一次自然灾害经历或安全防范建议，含写作框架+范文2篇） 六、易错点与难点突破（10大高频易错，含正误对比+原因分析） 七、文化常识（中国抗震救灾精神/国际救援行动/灾害防范知识/常见自然灾害英文表达） 八、单元自测（基础过关20题 + 能力提升10题） 附：参考答案与详细解析 一、重点词汇（Words） 1.1 灾害与自然现象类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə/ n. 灾难，灾祸 a natural disaster when disaster strikes When disaster strikes, we must keep calm. strike /straɪk/ v. 侵袭；发生 strike (struck, struck) disaster strikes The earthquake struck the city at noon. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 a strong earthquake during the earthquake A strong earthquake shook the city yesterday. flood /flʌd/ n./v. 洪水；淹没 a big flood flood the village The flood washed away many houses. storm /stɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 a heavy storm snow storm A heavy storm hit the coast last night. shake /ʃeɪk/ v. 摇动，震动 shake (shook, shaken) shake hands The ground was shaking hard. ground /ɡraʊnd/ n. 地面，土地 on the ground fall to the ground Books fell to the ground during the quake. sand /sænd/ n. 沙子 sand storm 沙尘暴 a grain of sand A sand storm covered the whole city. window /ˈwɪndəʊ/ n. 窗户 break the window look out of the window Windows were breaking when the quake hit. broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj. 破碎的，坏的 broken windows broken glass Broken glass was everywhere on the floor. suddenly /ˈsʌdənli/ adv. 突然地 suddenly + 句子 all of a sudden Suddenly, the lights went out. shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj. 令人震惊的 shocking news It is shocking that... The shocking news spread quickly. lost /lɒst/ adj. 不复存在的；不再拥有的 lost lives lost homes lose v. 失去 Many lost their homes in the terrible flood. thick /θɪk/ adj. 浓密的；混浊的 thick smoke thick fog Thick smoke filled the room after the fire broke out. smoke /sməʊk/ n. （燃烧产生的）烟 thick smoke smoke from the fire Thick smoke rose from the burning building. shower /ˈʃaʊə/ n. 一大批，一阵 a shower of... a shower of sparks A shower of ash fell from the sky after the volcano erupted. rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 a heavy rainstorm in the rainstorm A heavy rainstorm hit the city last night. tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 a tsunami warning cause a tsunami The earthquake caused a terrible tsunami. terrible /ˈterəbl/ adj. 剧烈的；厉害的；非常严重的 a terrible disaster terribly adv. 非常 It was a terrible disaster that no one will forget. 1.2 情感与反应类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 be scared of... be scared to do sth. People were scared when the quake hit. shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关上，闭上 shut (shut, shut) shut up / shut the door Please shut the windows before the storm comes. straight /streɪt/ adv./adj. 直接地；直的 straight away 立刻 go straight on We ran straight away from the building. brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的 be brave enough to... a brave boy The brave boy saved his little sister. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气 have the courage to do take courage It takes courage to face danger. hope /həʊp/ n./v. 希望 hope to do sth. hope for... We never lose hope in hard times. calm /kɑːm/ adj. 冷静的 keep calm 保持冷静 stay calm It's important to keep calm in an emergency. reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 反应 reaction to... react v. 反应 What was your reaction when the earthquake happened? uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/ adj. 不舒服的 feel uncomfortable uncomfortably adv. The survivors felt uncomfortable in the cold shelter. encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的 encouraging news encouragement n. 鼓励 The encouraging news gave people hope after the quake. herself /hɜːˈself/ pron. 她自己 by herself 独自 she herself She herself saved three children from the flood. 1.3 救援与安全类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 escape /ɪˈskeɪp/ v./n. 逃离，逃脱 escape from... escape danger They were trying to escape when help arrived. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ v./n. 营救，救援 rescue sb. from... a rescue team The rescue team arrived in time. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全 for safety safety first Safety comes first in any disaster. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə/ n. 危险 in danger 处境危险 out of danger 脱险 Stay away from places in danger. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告，警报 a warning system give a warning As soon as the warning came, everyone took shelter. warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告，提醒 warn sb. about sth. warn sb. not to do The teacher warned us about the storm. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 幸存，存活 survive the disaster survivor n. 幸存者 Only a few people survived the big flood. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v./n. 损害，破坏 cause damage to... damage sth. The storm damaged many houses. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 毁坏，摧毁 destroy sth. The flood destroyed the whole village. rebuild /ˌriːˈbɪld/ v. 重建 rebuild one's home rebuild the city People began to rebuild their homes after the quake. shelter /ˈʃeltə/ n./v. 避难所；躲避 take shelter 避难 shelter from... Everyone took shelter in the school. emergency /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况 in an emergency emergency exit Keep calm in an emergency. service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n. （车、船等的）交通服务，班次 bus service train service serve v. 服务 The bus service stopped during the storm. search /sɜːtʃ/ v. 寻找，搜索，搜寻 search for... search and rescue Rescue workers searched for survivors in the ruins. 1.4 精神品质与行动类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄 a real hero heroes (复数) The firefighters are real heroes. help /help/ v./n. 帮助 help sb. (to) do come to one's help Many people came to our help. together /təˈɡeðə/ adv. 一起 work together get together We can rebuild our home together. each other /iːtʃ ˈʌðə/ pron. 彼此 help each other look at each other People helped each other in the quake. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 protect sb. from... protect...against... We should protect ourselves from danger. prepare /prɪˈpeə/ v. 准备 prepare for... be prepared for... We must prepare for natural disasters. action /ˈækʃn/ n. 行动 take action 采取行动 in action We must take action to stay safe. aid /eɪd/ n./v. 援助，帮助 first aid 急救 aid sb. in... Everyone should learn some first aid. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n./v. 志愿者 work as a volunteer volunteer to do Many volunteers joined the rescue work. fall /fɔːl/ v. 落下；倒塌 fall (fell, fallen) fall down Trees fell down during the storm. hit /hɪt/ v. 袭击；撞击 hit (hit, hit) hit sth. The storm hit the city at midnight. hurt /hɜːt/ v. 伤害；受伤 hurt (hurt, hurt) get hurt Luckily, no one was hurt in the quake. motherland /ˈmʌðəlænd/ n. 祖国 love one's motherland serve the motherland Soldiers came to protect their motherland and people. iron /ˈaɪən/ adj./n. 极坚强的；铁 an iron will iron n. 铁 She had an iron will and never gave up. heroine /ˈherəʊɪn/ n. 女主角，女主人公 a real heroine hero n. 英雄 The brave girl became a heroine after the rescue. honour /ˈɒnə/ n. 荣幸，光荣 It's an honour to... in honour of It's a great honour to be called a hero. wound /wuːnd/ n. 伤痛，伤害 a deep wound wound sb. He received a wound on his arm during the rescue. bleed /bliːd/ v. 流血，出血 bleed (bled, bled) bleeding adj. 流血的 His leg was bleeding after he was hit by falling stones. 1.5 交通、历史与生活类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. 公共马车，四轮大马车 a horse-drawn coach by coach In the past, people travelled by coach before railways were built. historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/ adj. （有关）历史的 a historical event historical records The Great Fire is a famous historical event in this city. expert /ˈekspɜːt/ n. 专家 an expert in/on... an expert on disasters Experts say the earthquake measured 7.0 on the scale. timeline /ˈtaɪmlaɪn/ n. 时间表 a timeline of... make a timeline We can make a timeline of the events during the disaster. airline /ˈeəlaɪn/ n. 航空公司 an airline company domestic airlines Many airlines cancelled flights during the storm. weekday /ˈwiːkdeɪ/ n. 工作日 on weekdays every weekday The earthquake happened on a weekday morning. railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路，铁道 railway station railway line The railway service was stopped after the flood. fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 时装业 the fashion industry in fashion She worked in the fashion industry before the disaster. slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的，修长的 a slim girl stay slim The slim girl showed great courage in the rescue. jeans /dʒiːnz/ n. 牛仔裤 a pair of jeans blue jeans She was wearing jeans when the earthquake struck. university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 大学 go to university university student She is a university student who helped in the rescue. 二、重点短语与固定搭配（Phrases） 2.1 课文核心短语 短语 中文释义 例句/语境 用法提示 when disaster strikes 当灾难来临时 When disaster strikes, we must keep calm. 固定表达，strike 表示"（灾难）发生、侵袭" be scared of 害怕…… Children are often scared of storms. be scared of + 名词/动名词 = 害怕某事物 shut 关上，闭上 Shut the windows before the storm. shut = 关上（门窗等），过去式仍为 shut；shut up 还可表示关紧或闭嘴 straight away 立刻，马上 We ran straight away from the building. = at once / right away，强调动作立即发生 on the ground 在地上 Books lay on the ground after the quake. on the ground = 在地面上；ground 不可数 break out （战争、火灾等）爆发 A fire broke out in the building. break out 不及物，不能加 was/were run away 逃跑，逃离 People ran away from the flood. run away from... = 从……逃离 keep calm 保持冷静 It's important to keep calm in an emergency. keep + adj. = 保持某种状态 in danger 处于危险中 Many people were in danger during the flood. 反义：out of danger 脱离危险 out of danger 脱离危险 After the rescue, they were out of danger. 与 in danger 相对，表示已安全 come to one's help 来帮助某人 Many neighbours came to our help. = come to help sb.，one's 随主语变化 as soon as possible 尽快 We should leave as soon as possible. = as soon as one can，常缩写为 ASAP stay away from 远离…… Stay away from dangerous places. = keep away from，后接名词或代词 take shelter 避难，躲避 Everyone took shelter in the school. take shelter in... = 在……避难 warn sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事 The radio warned us about the storm. warn sb. about sth. = 提醒某人注意某事 rescue team 救援队 The rescue team arrived in time. rescue 作定语，修饰 team break into pieces 碎成片段 The window broke into pieces. break into + 数量词 + pieces fall down 倒塌，掉下 The old building fell down in the quake. fall down = 倒塌，不及物动词短语 lose hope 失去希望 We should never lose hope. 反义：keep hope / hold on to hope first aid 急救 Everyone should learn first aid. first aid 是固定搭配，aid 为不可数名词 take action 采取行动 We must take action to protect ourselves. take action = 采取行动，action 不可数 work together 一起努力 We can rebuild our home if we work together. work together = 齐心协力 as soon as 一……就…… As soon as the warning came, everyone took shelter. as soon as 引导时间状语从句，主从句时态一致 stay safe 保持安全 Follow the rules to stay safe. stay + adj. = 保持某种状态 2.2 短语辨析 短语A 短语B 区别 例句 in danger in danger of in danger = 处于危险中（状态） in danger of + 动名词 = 有……的危险 They were in danger during the flood. He is in danger of losing his life. break out break down break out = （战争/火灾/疾病）爆发（不及物） break down = （机器）出故障/（谈判）破裂 A fire broke out last night. The car broke down on the way. escape from run away from escape from = 从……逃离（强调摆脱危险） run away from = 从……跑开（强调动作） They escaped from the burning building. The boy ran away from home. as soon as as soon as possible as soon as + 从句 = 一……就…… as soon as possible = 尽快（无主语） As soon as I arrived, it began to rain. Please come as soon as possible. damage destroy damage = 损害（部分破坏，可修复） destroy = 摧毁（完全破坏，难修复） The storm damaged some houses. The flood destroyed the whole village. 三、重点句型（Sentence Patterns） 3.1 八大核心句型 编号 句型 功能 公式 / 例句 / 仿写 1 When disaster strikes, ... 表达"灾难来临" 公式：When disaster strikes, + 主句. 例句：When disaster strikes, we must keep calm. 仿写：When disaster strikes, we should help each other. 2 ...was/were doing... and ...was/were doing... 过去进行时并列 公式：主语1 + was/were + V-ing + and + 主语2 + was/were + V-ing. 例句：The ground was shaking and windows were breaking. 仿写：The wind was blowing and trees were falling. 3 ...was/were doing... when... 过去进行时 + when 公式：主语 + was/were + V-ing + when + 一般过去时从句. 例句：I was doing my homework when the earthquake happened. 仿写：She was cooking when the lights went out. 4 While ..., ...was/were doing... while + 过去进行时 公式：While + 主语1 + was/were + V-ing, + 主语2 + was/were + V-ing. 例句：While people were running, some heroes were helping others. 仿写：While I was sleeping, my parents were packing. 5 It was raining heavily when... 过去进行时表天气背景 公式：It + was + V-ing（天气动词）+ when + 一般过去时从句. 例句：It was raining heavily when the flood came. 仿写：It was snowing hard when the accident happened. 6 We should stay away from... 提出安全建议 公式：主语 + should + stay away from + 名词. 例句：We should stay away from dangerous places. 仿写：You should stay away from broken windows. 7 It's important to... 表达"做某事很重要" 公式：It's important to + 动词原形 + (其他). 例句：It's important to keep calm in an emergency. 仿写：It's important to learn some first aid. 8 As soon as..., ... 表达"一……就……" 公式：As soon as + 从句, + 主句. 例句：As soon as the warning came, everyone took shelter. 仿写：As soon as the rain stopped, we went outside. 3.2 同义句转换 原句 同义句 知识点 We must keep calm when disaster strikes. We must stay calm when disaster comes. keep calm = stay calm；strike = come（灾难来临） I was doing my homework when the earthquake happened. The earthquake happened while I was doing my homework. when + 一般过去时 = while + 过去进行时（可互换） We should stay away from dangerous places. We should keep away from dangerous places. stay away from = keep away from As soon as the warning came, everyone took shelter. The moment the warning came, everyone took shelter. as soon as = the moment = 一……就…… They were trying to escape when the rescue team arrived. When the rescue team arrived, they were trying to escape. when 从句可前置或后置，主从句时态不变 四、语法精讲（Grammar） 4.1 过去进行时概述 【中考考频】过去进行时是中考高频考点，常出现在单选、完形和动词填空中。重点考查 was/were + V-ing 的构成、when 与 while 的区别、以及过去进行时与一般过去时的辨析。 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。它与一般过去时不同：一般过去时表示过去某个动作已经完成，而过去进行时强调动作正在进行中。 基本结构：主语 + was/were + V-ing + 其他。 I / He / She / It + was + V-ing We / You / They + were + V-ing 4.2 V-ing 的构成规则 规则 方法 示例 一般情况 直接加 -ing do → doing work → working read → reading 以不发音的 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing make → making write → writing take → taking 以重读闭音节结尾 双写末尾辅音字母加 -ing run → running swim → swimming sit → sitting 以 ie 结尾 变 ie 为 y 加 -ing lie → lying die → dying tie → tying 以 c 结尾（少数） 加 king picnic → picnicking panic → panicking 4.3 过去进行时的用法 用法一：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 常与 at that time, at 8:00 yesterday, at this time yesterday 等具体时间状语连用。 例句：I was doing my homework at 8:00 yesterday evening.（昨晚八点我正在做作业。） 例句：At that time, they were having dinner.（那时他们正在吃晚饭。） 用法二：表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作 常与 all morning, all day yesterday, the whole afternoon 等时间段状语连用。 例句：It was raining all day yesterday.（昨天一整天都在下雨。） 例句：They were working the whole morning.（他们整个上午都在工作。） 用法三：描述过去同时进行的两个动作 用 while 连接两个同时进行的过去动作，主句和从句都用过去进行时。 例句：While people were running, some heroes were helping others.（当人们在逃跑时，一些英雄在帮助他人。） 例句：While I was cooking, my brother was cleaning the room.（我在做饭时，弟弟在打扫房间。） 用法四：描述过去某动作发生时另一动作正在进行 用 when 引导一般过去时的从句，主句用过去进行时，表示"正在做某事时，另一件事发生了"。 例句：I was doing my homework when the earthquake happened.（地震发生时我正在做作业。） 例句：They were trying to escape when the rescue team arrived.（救援队到达时他们正试图逃离。） 4.4 when 与 while 的区别 连词 用法 从句时态 例句 when 当……时 可接"点动作"（短暂动作）或"段动作"（持续动作） 从句可用一般过去时或过去进行时 I was reading when he came in. When I was reading, he came in. while 当……时 只接"段动作"（持续动作），强调两个动作同时进行 从句通常用过去进行时 While I was reading, he came in. While people were running, heroes were helping. 【口诀式总结】when 灵活接点段，while 只接段动作；while 强调"同时进行"，when 强调"此时突然"。 注意：when 从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词（如 come, happen, arrive），而 while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词（如 read, run, work, sleep）。 错例：While the earthquake happened, I was sleeping.（误，happen 是短暂性动词，不能用 while） 正例：When the earthquake happened, I was sleeping.（正） 4.5 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 例句 一般过去时 表示过去某动作已完成 主语 + V-ed yesterday, last night, in 2020, ...ago I did my homework yesterday.（我做完了作业） 过去进行时 表示过去某时刻动作正在进行 主语 + was/were + V-ing at 8:00 yesterday, at that time, when/while... I was doing my homework at 8:00.（我正在做作业） 【对比体会】 I read a book last night.（昨晚我读了本书。——已读完，强调完成） I was reading a book at 8:00 last night.（昨晚八点我正在读书。——强调当时正在进行的动作） When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.（老师进来时，学生们停止了说话。——一前一后两个完成的动作，用一般过去时） When the teacher came in, the students were talking.（老师进来时，学生们正在说话。——"正在说话"用过去进行时，"进来"是一般过去时） 4.6 常见时间状语 过去进行时常与以下时间状语连用： 1. 具体时刻：at 8:00 yesterday, at that time, at this time yesterday, at noon yesterday 2. 时间段：all day yesterday, all morning, the whole afternoon, from 8 to 10 last night 3. 从句引导：when + 一般过去时从句；while + 过去进行时从句 4.7 高频考点总结 1. was / were 的选择取决于主语：I / he / she / it + was；we / you / they + were。 2. V-ing 的拼写要特别注意双写：run→running, swim→swimming, sit→sitting, begin→beginning, stop→stopping。 3. 短暂性动词（如 come, go, arrive, happen, break out, die, join, leave, borrow, buy）一般不用于进行时。 4. when 从句中可用一般过去时（短暂动作）或过去进行时（持续动作）；while 从句中必须用过去进行时（持续动作）。 5. 过去进行时常与一般过去时配合使用：长动作（过去进行时）+ 短动作（一般过去时）。 6. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：was/were + V-ing 强调'正在做'，一般过去时强调'已完成'。 五、单元话题写作（Writing） 5.1 写作任务：写一次自然灾害经历或安全防范建议 本单元写作任务是围绕"自然灾害与安全防范"主题，写一次自己经历或听说的自然灾害，或者写一篇关于如何防范自然灾害、保护自身安全的短文。要求：80-120词，结构清晰，语言通顺，尽量使用过去进行时描述当时的情景。 5.2 写作框架 段落 内容 可用句型 示例 第一段 交代时间、地点与事件 Last Sunday, ... happened. / When disaster strikes, ... / It was a day I will never forget. Last summer, a big flood hit our village. It was a day I will never forget. 第二段 描述当时的情景（过去进行时） I was doing... when... / While... was..., ...was... / Suddenly, ... I was doing my homework when the rain began. While people were running, the water was rising fast. 第三段 讲述救援/应对与感受 The rescue team came to our help. / We should stay away from... / It's important to keep calm. The rescue team came to our help. We should always keep calm and stay away from danger. 5.3 范文 【范文一】基础版（约95词）—— 一次地震经历 Last Monday, a strong earthquake hit our city. It was a day I will never forget. I was doing my homework when the earthquake happened. The ground was shaking and windows were breaking. I was very scared. My mother was cooking in the kitchen. She ran to me and held me in her arms. While we were waiting under the table, the rescue team came to our help. When disaster strikes, we must keep calm. We should stay away from dangerous places and help each other. I learned that courage and hope are the most important things in hard times. 【范文二】提升版（约135词）—— 洪水中的互助 Last summer, a terrible flood struck our town. I will never forget that frightening night. It was raining heavily all evening. While I was reading in my room, I suddenly heard a loud noise outside. The water was rising fast. My father was trying to shut the windows when the water broke into our house. We were scared, but my father told us to keep calm. He carried my little sister and we ran straight away to the second floor. While we were waiting for help, our neighbours came to our help. They brought food and water. The rescue team arrived as soon as possible and took us to a safe shelter. This experience taught me a lot. When disaster strikes, we should stay together and help each other. Courage and love can help us survive any danger. 5.4 写作好词好句积累 类别 表达 适用场景 描述灾难 a strong earthquake / a heavy storm / a big flood / strike / hit / break out 开篇交代事件 描述情景（过去进行时） I was doing... when... / While... was..., ...was... / The ground was shaking. 描述当时正在发生的动作 描述感受 be scared / be shocked / keep calm / lose hope / hold on to hope 表达心理状态 描述救援 come to one's help / rescue team / take shelter / as soon as possible 讲述应对与救援 提出建议 We should stay away from... / It's important to... / When disaster strikes, we must... 结尾提出安全建议 六、易错点与难点突破（Common Mistakes） 编号 易错点 错误示例 正确写法 原因分析 1 was / were 主谓不一致 x They was running when the quake hit. v They were running when the quake hit. 主语 They 是复数，用 were。I/He/She/It 用 was；We/You/They 用 were。 2 V-ing 拼写错误（未双写） x He was runing fast. v He was running fast. run 是重读闭音节结尾，需双写 n 再加 -ing：running。 3 V-ing 拼写错误（未去 e） x She was makeing dinner. v She was making dinner. make 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 -ing：making。 4 when / while 混淆 x While the earthquake happened, I was sleeping. v When the earthquake happened, I was sleeping. happen 是短暂性动词，不能用 while。while 只接延续性动词。 5 与一般过去时混淆 x When the teacher came in, the students talk loudly. v When the teacher came in, the students were talking loudly. "老师进来时学生们正在说话"，正在进行的动作用过去进行时。 6 短暂性动词用于进行时 x The earthquake was happening at 8:00. v The earthquake happened at 8:00. happen 是短暂性动词，不用于进行时，用一般过去时。 7 break out 误加 was/were x A fire was broken out last night. v A fire broke out last night. break out 是不及物动词短语，不能加 was/were，直接用一般过去时。 8 as soon as 时态错误 x As soon as the warning will come, we will leave. v As soon as the warning comes, we will leave. as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，主将从现（主句将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来）。 9 stay away from 介词遗漏 x We should stay away dangerous places. v We should stay away from dangerous places. stay away from 是固定搭配，from 不可省略。 10 damage / destroy 混淆 x The flood destroyed some windows.（部分损坏） v The flood damaged some windows. damage = 部分损害（可修复）；destroy = 完全摧毁。窗户部分损坏用 damage。 七、文化常识（Culture Link） 7.1 中国抗震救灾精神 中国是地震多发的国家之一。2008年5月12日，四川汶川发生8.0级特大地震（the Wenchuan Earthquake），全国上下众志成城，展开了规模空前的抗震救灾行动，形成了伟大的抗震救灾精神。 抗震救灾精神的核心包括： 精神内涵 英文表达 说明 万众一心 Unity of all people 全国人民团结一心，共同面对灾难。 众志成城 Firm will builds a strong wall 众人的意志凝聚成不可摧毁的力量。 不畏艰险 Fear no hardships and dangers 救援人员不顾个人安危，深入灾区。 百折不挠 Never give up 灾后重建中坚持不懈，重建家园。 以人为本 People first 把人民生命安全放在第一位。 每年5月12日为全国防灾减灾日（National Day for Disaster Prevention and Reduction），提醒人们增强防灾减灾意识。 7.2 国际救援行动 自然灾害不分国界，国际社会在灾难面前常常携手合作，开展跨国救援行动（international rescue operations）。 救援形式 英文表达 说明 国际救援队 International rescue teams 各国派出专业救援队赴灾区施救，如中国国际救援队（CISAR）。 物资援助 Material aid / supplies 向灾区运送食品、药品、帐篷等救灾物资。 资金援助 Financial aid 国际社会提供资金支持灾后重建。 医疗队 Medical teams 派出医疗人员救治伤员，防控疫情。 志愿者 Volunteers 来自世界各地的志愿者参与救援与重建。 中国国际救援队（China International Search and Rescue Team, CISAR）成立于2001年，多次赴日本、海地、尼泊尔等国执行国际救援任务，体现了"人类命运共同体"的理念。 7.3 自然灾害防范知识 面对不同的自然灾害，掌握正确的自救与防范知识至关重要（It's important to learn how to protect ourselves）。 灾害类型 防范与自救要点 英文表达 地震 Earthquake 1. 躲在坚固的桌子下保护头部 2. 远离窗户和悬挂物 3. 不要乘坐电梯 4. 震后迅速撤离到空旷地带 Take shelter under a strong table. Stay away from windows. Don't use the lift. Run to an open area after the quake. 洪水 Flood 1. 向高处转移 2. 不要涉水通过积水路段 3. 远离电线和下水道 4. 准备应急物资 Move to higher ground. Don't walk through flood water. Stay away from power lines. Prepare emergency supplies. 暴风雨 Storm 1. 关好门窗 2. 待在室内不要外出 3. 远离大树和广告牌 4. 关注天气预报和警报 Shut the windows and doors. Stay indoors. Stay away from trees and signs. Follow weather warnings. 火灾 Fire 1. 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻 2. 弯腰低姿逃生 3. 不乘坐电梯 4. 拨打火警电话 Cover your mouth with a wet towel. Keep low and escape quickly. Don't use the lift. Call the fire alarm number. 7.4 常见自然灾害英文表达 灾害 英文名称 简要说明 地震 Earthquake A sudden shaking of the ground caused by movements of the earth's plates. 洪水 Flood An overflow of water that covers land which is usually dry. 暴风雨 Storm A violent disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds and rain or snow. 台风 Typhoon A tropical storm with strong winds, common in the western Pacific. 海啸 Tsunami A large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption. 干旱 Drought A long period of time with little or no rain, causing water shortages. 沙尘暴 Sandstorm A strong wind carrying sand and dust, common in dry regions. 山体滑坡 Landslide The sliding down of a mass of earth and rock from a mountain or cliff. 八、单元自测（Self-check） （本部分为"学生版"，不含答案。参考答案与解析见附录。） 第一部分：基础过关（20题） 一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词（10分） 1. When d______（灾难）strikes, we must keep calm. 2. A strong e______（地震）hit the city yesterday evening. 3. The ground was s______（摇动）hard during the quake. 4. Many people were s______（害怕）when the storm came. 5. The rescue team came to our h______（帮助）in time. 6. Please s______（关上）the windows before the storm comes. 7. We should stay away from places in d______（危险）. 8. As soon as the w______（警报）came, everyone took shelter. 9. The flood d______（摧毁）many houses in the village. 10. People began to r______（重建）their homes after the quake. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（5分） 11. I ______ (do) my homework when the earthquake happened. 12. While people ______ (run), some heroes were helping others. 13. They ______ (try) to escape when the rescue team arrived. 14. The ground ______ (shake) and windows ______ (break) at that moment. 15. At 8:00 yesterday evening, we ______ (have) dinner at home. 三、选词填空（5分） （keep calm / stay away from / as soon as possible / take shelter / come to one's help） 16. When disaster strikes, we must ______ ______. 17. We should ______ ______ ______ dangerous places. 18. Everyone ______ ______ in the school during the storm. 19. Many neighbours ______ ______ ______ ______ when the flood came. 20. We should leave the building ______ ______ ______ ______. 第二部分：能力提升（10题） 四、单项选择（5分） 21. I was reading a book ______ the earthquake happened. A. while B. when C. as D. since 22. While my mother ______ dinner, the lights went out. A. cook B. cooked C. was cooking D. were cooking 23. — What were you doing at 8:00 yesterday? — I ______ my homework. A. do B. did C. was doing D. were doing 24. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A. While the earthquake happened, I was sleeping. B. They was running when the storm came. C. She was making dinner when the phone rang. D. The fire was broken out last night. 25. ______ the warning came, everyone took shelter. A. As soon as B. As soon C. Soon as D. As soon as possible 五、句型转换（5分） 26. I was doing my homework when the earthquake happened.（改为同义句，用 when） ______ the earthquake ______, I was doing my homework. 27. They were trying to escape when the rescue team arrived.（对划线部分提问：trying to escape） ______ were they ______ when the rescue team arrived? 28. We should stay away from dangerous places.（改为同义句，用 keep away from） We should ______ ______ ______ dangerous places. 29. It's important to keep calm in an emergency.（改为同义句，用 stay calm） It's important to ______ ______ in an emergency. 30. The storm damaged some houses.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the storm ______ some houses? 附录：参考答案与详细解析 （本部分为"教师版"，供教师批改和讲解使用。） 基础过关答案 题号 答案 解析 1 disaster when disaster strikes 是固定表达，"灾难"用 disaster。 2 earthquake a strong earthquake 一场强烈地震，注意拼写 earth-quake。 3 shaking was + V-ing 构成过去进行时，shake 的现在分词为 shaking。 4 scared be scared = 害怕的，scared 是形容词。 5 help come to one's help = 来帮助某人，one's 随主语变为 our。 6 shut shut the windows 关窗，shut 的过去式仍为 shut。 7 danger in danger = 处于危险中，固定搭配。 8 warning as soon as the warning came 警报一响，warning 是名词。 9 destroyed destroy 摧毁，过去式 destroyed。注意区分 damage（部分损坏）。 10 rebuild rebuild one's home 重建家园，re-前缀表"再"。 11 was doing 过去进行时 was + V-ing，主语 I 用 was。 12 were running while 引导的从句用过去进行时，主语 people 是复数，用 were running。 13 were trying 过去进行时 were + V-ing，主语 They 用 were。 14 was shaking; were breaking 并列的过去进行时，ground 单数用 was shaking；windows 复数用 were breaking。 15 were having at 8:00 yesterday 是过去进行时标志，主语 we 用 were having。 16 keep calm keep calm = 保持冷静，固定短语。 17 stay away from stay away from = 远离，固定搭配。 18 took shelter take shelter = 避难，过去式 took shelter。 19 came to our help come to one's help = 来帮助某人，one's 用 our。 20 as soon as possible as soon as possible = 尽快，固定表达。 能力提升答案 题号 答案 解析 21 B. when when 可接短暂性动词 happened；while 只能接延续性动词，A 错。happen 是短暂性动词。 22 C. was cooking while 引导的从句用过去进行时，主语 my mother 单数用 was cooking。B 是一般过去时，与 while 语境不符。 23 C. was doing at 8:00 yesterday 是过去进行时标志，主语 I 用 was doing。D 用 were 与主语 I 不一致。 24 C A 错在 while 不能接短暂性动词 happened；B 错在主语 They 应用 were；D 错在 break out 不能加 was（不及物动词短语，直接用 broke out）。C 正确：过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时。 25 A. As soon as as soon as 引导时间状语从句，"一……就……"。B、C 结构不完整；D 是"尽快"，无连词功能。 26 When; happened when + 一般过去时 = while + 过去进行时（可互换）。when 引导，从句用一般过去时 happened。 27 What; doing 对"正在做什么"提问用 What ... doing，时态保持过去进行时。 28 keep away from stay away from = keep away from，二者可互换。 29 stay calm keep calm = stay calm，二者可互换。 30 Did; damage 一般过去时的一般疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形，damage 是动词原形。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $