Unit5 Play by the rules 知识点总结 2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

**基本信息** 以“规则与责任”话题为核心，整合词汇分类、语法精讲、写作框架及文化拓展，构建“基础-应用-拓展”三维知识链，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法精讲|3种形式+5大考点|不定式作目的状语“to do/in order to/so as to”区别及否定用法|从概念概述到否定形式，结合中考考频构建语法应用体系| |单元写作|2篇范文+框架|“引出-举例-总结”写作结构，强制使用不定式目的状语|紧扣单元话题，融合词汇与语法知识提升表达能力| |易错点突破|10大高频易错|正误对比+原因分析（如so as to不可放句首）|针对学情薄弱点，强化语法与词汇应用准确性| |单元自测|30题（基础20+提升10）|分层训练+详细解析|覆盖词汇、语法、句型转换，检测知识迁移能力|

外研版（2024新版）八年级上册 Unit 5 Play by the rules? 单元知识点总结 适用教材：外研版（2024新版）八年级上册 | 适用学段：初二上学期 | 资料类型：单元知识点总结 课标对接 【话题】规则与责任（Rules and Responsibility）——公共交通行为规范、网络安全与个人隐私保护。 【语言技能】能听懂并讨论公共场所规则与网络安全话题，能用动词不定式作目的状语表达行为目的，能读懂关于公共交通行为规范和网络安全的说明文，能用英语写一篇关于"规则让生活更美好"的短文。 【文化意识】了解公民责任与规则意识的重要性，培养网络安全意识，理解中西方法律文化的异同，树立遵纪守法的观念。 【核心语法】动词不定式作目的状语（Infinitive as Adverbial of Purpose）——to do / in order to do / so as to do，及其否定形式 in order not to / so as not to。 目录 一、重点词汇（按公共交通、规则责任、网络安全隐私、日常扩展四大板块分类，含音标/词性/搭配/例句） 二、重点短语与固定搭配（课文核心短语 + 短语辨析） 三、重点句型（8大核心句型，含公式+课文原句+仿写范例） 四、语法精讲（动词不定式作目的状语全解——to do / in order to do / so as to do / 否定形式 / 三者区别） 五、单元话题写作（Rules make our world better，含写作框架+范文2篇） 六、易错点与难点突破（10大高频易错，含正误对比+原因分析） 七、文化常识（公民责任与规则意识 / 网络安全意识 / 中西方法律文化对比 / 公共交通礼仪） 八、单元自测（基础过关20题 + 能力提升10题） 附：参考答案与详细解析 一、重点词汇（Words） 1.1 公共交通与行为类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ prep./adj. 在对面；对面的 opposite the bank be opposite to The police station is opposite the bank. passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə/ n. 乘客 a passenger on the bus passengers' safety Every passenger should wear a seat belt. seat /siːt/ n./v. 座位；坐下 take a seat 就座 seat belt 安全带 Please take a seat and fasten your seat belt. belt /belt/ n. 带子；安全带 seat belt 安全带 fasten/unfasten a belt Wear a seat belt to keep safe in the car. sign /saɪn/ n./v. 标志；签名 traffic sign sign one's name Follow the signs to find the right platform. station /ˈsteɪʃn/ n. 车站；站 bus/train station police station We met at the train station at 8 a.m. noise /nɔɪz/ n. 噪音；喧闹声 make noise noise pollution Please don't make noise in the library. kick /kɪk/ v./n. 踢 kick a ball kick the seat Don't kick the seat in front of you on the bus. mess /mes/ n. 杂乱；脏乱 make a mess in a mess He left the bus in a mess after eating. cause /kɔːz/ v./n. 造成；引起；原因 cause trouble cause an accident the cause of... Loud noise can cause trouble for others. urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的；急迫的 an urgent message urgent news The lawyer received an urgent call from his client. 1.2 规则与责任类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任；职责 take responsibility for a sense of responsibility Every citizen should take responsibility for following the rules. citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ n. 公民；市民 a good citizen Chinese citizens A good citizen follows the rules in public. honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n. 诚实；正直 honesty is the best policy with honesty Honesty is the foundation of trust in society. lawyer /ˈlɔːjə/ n. 律师 a famous lawyer hire a lawyer The lawyer helped the citizen understand the law. aware /əˈweə/ adj. 意识到的；知道的 be aware of be aware that... We should be aware of the dangers online. trust /trʌst/ v./n. 信任；信赖 trust sb. trust in sb. build trust We should build trust by being honest online. enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人；仇敌 make an enemy a common enemy Careless behaviour online can make enemies. cheat /tʃiːt/ v./n. 欺骗；作弊 cheat sb. cheat in an exam Never cheat others online — it has costs. rule /ruːl/ n./v. 规则；统治 follow a rule break a rule rule the country We must follow the rules in public places. follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v. 遵循；跟随 follow a rule follow the signs follow sb. Follow the rules so as to keep everyone safe. behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现；行为 behave well/badly behave oneself Remember that behaving badly online has costs. 1.3 网络安全与隐私类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 click /klɪk/ v./n. 点击 click on... with just one click We can get in touch with anyone with just one click. spread /spred/ v./n. 传播；展开 spread news spread a message spread quickly Don't spread false information on the Internet. basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的；基础的 basic rules basic information Everyone should know the basic rules of online safety. personal /ˈpɜːsənl/ adj. 个人的；私人的 personal information personal details Never share your personal information with strangers. private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj. 私人的；私密的 private information private life Protect your private information when you go online. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免；回避 avoid doing sth. avoid danger We should avoid sharing private addresses online. address /əˈdres/ n. 地址 home address email address Don't give your home address to strangers online. passport /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ n. 护照 show one's passport passport number Keep your passport number private and safe. limit /ˈlɪmɪt/ v./n. 限制；限度 limit...to... set a limit Parents should limit their children's screen time. careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的；不小心的 be careless about a careless mistake Being careless with personal info can cause big problems. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ adv./adj. 在线的；网上的 go online behave badly online Behaving badly online can have serious costs. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 protect...from... protect oneself We must protect our personal information online. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全 online safety traffic safety Online safety is a basic right for every citizen. 1.4 日常表达与扩展类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n./v. 野餐 go for a picnic have a picnic We had a picnic in the park last Sunday. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少；降低 reduce the smell reduce noise reduce costs I covered my nose so as to reduce the bad smell. cover /ˈkʌvə/ v./n. 覆盖；掩盖；封面 cover one's nose be covered with She covered her nose to reduce the smell. chat /tʃæt/ v./n. 聊天；闲聊 chat with sb. chat online chat face to face Chatting face to face with loved ones far away was once a dream. cost /kɒst/ n./v. 代价；花费 have costs at the cost of cost sb. sth. Remember that behaving badly online has costs. smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj. 有臭味的 smelly food Mr Smelly Food The smelly food on the bus caused a lot of trouble. fool /fuːl/ n./v. 傻瓜；愚弄 make a fool of fool sb. Don't try to fool others online — it is dishonest. dream /driːm/ n./v. 梦想；做梦 a dream come true dream of/about Twenty years ago, video chat was only a dream. public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj./n. 公共的；公众 in public public transport public places We should follow the rules in public places. throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙 clear your throat a sore throat He cleared his throat before making the announcement. breath /breθ/ n. 呼吸 take a breath out of breath Take a deep breath and calm down before you speak. manner /ˈmænə/ n. 方式；礼貌 table manners good/bad manners Good manners in public show respect for others. packet /ˈpækɪt/ n. 小包，小盒，小袋 a packet of crisps a packet of cheese He was eating a packet of crisps on the bus. cheese /tʃiːz/ n. 干酪，奶酪 a packet of cheese cheese sandwich The smelly cheese caused a lot of trouble on the bus. anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/ pron. 任何事物都（没有） not anything anything else Don't leave anything behind on the bus. flowerpot /ˈflaʊəpɒt/ n. 花盆 a flowerpot on the balcony drop a flowerpot A flowerpot fell from the balcony and broke. law /lɔː/ n. 法则，法令 break the law follow the law Everyone should follow the law, both online and offline. cyberbullying /ˌsaɪbəˈbʊliɪŋ/ n. 网络霸凌（欺凌） stop cyberbullying be a victim of cyberbullying Cyberbullying is a serious problem among teenagers. 二、重点短语与固定搭配（Phrases） 2.1 课文核心短语 短语 中文释义 课文原句/语境 用法提示 clear your throat 清嗓子 He cleared his throat to get attention. clear one's throat = 清嗓子，常用于发言前。one's 随主语变化 pick up 捡起；接（电话）；搭载 He picked up his phone to answer the call. pick up 后接代词放中间（pick it up）；接名词可放中间或后面 seat belt 安全带 Every passenger should wear a seat belt. wear/fasten a seat belt = 系安全带，固定搭配 in order to do sth 为了做某事 In order to keep safe, we follow the traffic rules. 可放句首或句中，比 to do 更正式，强调目的 so as to do sth 为了做某事 I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell. 只能放句中，不能放句首。否定形式 so as not to do ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 The teacher asked us to follow the rules. ask/tell/want sb to do sth. 否定：ask sb not to do sth look after 照顾；照料 Parents should teach children to look after themselves online. = take care of = care for，后接名词或代词 follow a rule 遵守规则 Every citizen should follow the rules in public. = obey a rule / keep a rule。反义：break a rule take a breath 深呼吸 Take a breath and calm down before you speak. = take a deep breath。也可说 catch one's breath（喘气） get in touch with 与...取得联系 We can get in touch with anyone with just one click. = contact sb. / reach sb. 介词 with 不可省略 just one click 只需一点击 We can reach anyone with just one click. click 此处作名词，"点击"。也可作动词 click on... behave badly online 网上不良行为 Remember that behaving badly online has costs. behave + adv.（badly 是副词）。has costs = 要付出代价 have costs 有代价 Behaving badly online has costs. cost 此处作可数名词，"代价"。at the cost of = 以...为代价 make noise 制造噪音 Don't make noise on the bus. noise 不可数名词，make noise = make a noise 皆可 wait in line 排队等候 Passengers should wait in line at the station. = stand in line / queue up。反义：jump the queue（插队） keep safe 保持安全 Wear a seat belt in order to keep safe. keep + adj.（safe 是形容词），= stay safe personal information 个人信息 Never share your personal information with strangers. = personal details。包括 name, address, passport number 等 protect...from... 保护...免受... We must protect children from online dangers. protect A from B = 保护A免受B（的伤害） take responsibility 承担责任 Every citizen should take responsibility for the rules. take responsibility for sth. = 对...负责 face to face 面对面 Chatting face to face with loved ones was a dream. 可作状语或定语。chat face to face = 面对面聊天 far away 遥远 Loved ones far away could only write letters. far away = 遥远的。far away from = 离...很远 in public 在公共场合 We should behave well in public. in public = 在公共场所。反义：in private = 私下地 spread online 在网上传播 False news can spread online very quickly. spread v. 传播（过去式仍为 spread） be aware of 意识到 We should be aware of online dangers. = be conscious of / realize。后接名词或动名词 at the station 在车站 Meet me at the station at 8 o'clock. at the bus/train/police station。介词用 at 2.2 短语辨析 短语A 短语B 区别 例句 in order to do so as to do in order to do 可放句首或句中，更正式 so as to do 只能放句中，不能放句首 In order to keep safe, we wear a seat belt. We wear a seat belt so as to keep safe. to do（目的） for doing（目的） 表目的时用 to do 不用 for doing for doing 多表用途（be used for doing） I came here to see you.（正） I came here for seeing you.（误） look after look for look after = 照顾、照料 look for = 寻找 She looks after her little brother. He is looking for his lost passport. pick up pick out pick up = 捡起、接电话、搭载 pick out = 挑选出 He picked up the phone. She picked out a nice gift. be aware of be afraid of be aware of = 意识到、知道 be afraid of = 害怕 Be aware of online dangers. Don't be afraid of making mistakes. 三、重点句型（Sentence Patterns） 3.1 八大核心句型 编号 句型 功能 公式 / 课文原句 / 仿写 1 so as to do sth 目的状语 公式：主语 + 谓语 + ... + so as to + 动词原形. 课文：I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food. 仿写：He spoke quietly so as not to wake the baby. 2 In order to do sth, ... 目的状语（句首） 公式：In order to + 动词原形, + 主句. 课文语境：In order to keep safe, we must follow the traffic rules. 仿写：In order not to be late, he left home early. 3 do sth to do sth 目的状语（句中） 公式：主语 + 谓语 + ... + to + 动词原形. 仿写：We read the signs to find the right platform. 拓展：to do 是最常用的目的状语形式。 4 Think...back when... 回想过去 公式：Think + 时间 + back when + 句子. 课文：Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream. 仿写：Think ten years back when we had no smartphones. 5 get in touch with...with just one click 表达便捷联系 公式：主语 + can get in touch with + sb. + with just one click. 课文：We can get in touch with anyone with just one click. 仿写：We can get in touch with friends abroad with just one click. 6 Remember that + 宾语从句 提醒/告诫 公式：Remember that + 从句. 课文：Remember that behaving badly online has costs. 仿写：Remember that honesty is the best policy. 7 ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 公式：主语 + ask(s) + sb. + to + 动词原形. 语境：The teacher asked us to follow the school rules. 否定：ask sb not to do sth 要求某人不做某事 8 so as not to do sth 否定目的状语 公式：主语 + 谓语 + ... + so as not to + 动词原形. 仿写：He walked quietly so as not to wake the sleeping baby. 拓展：否定也可用 in order not to do（可放句首） 3.2 同义句转换 原句 同义句 知识点 I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell. I covered my nose in order to reduce the smell. so as to do = in order to do（目的状语可互换，但 so as to 不可放句首） We can get in touch with anyone with just one click. We can contact anyone with just one click. get in touch with = contact（取得联系） Remember that behaving badly online has costs. Don't forget that behaving badly online will cost you. Remember that... = Don't forget that... She asked me to look after her pet. She told me to take care of her pet. ask sb to do = tell sb to do；look after = take care of 四、语法精讲（Grammar） 4.1 动词不定式作目的状语概述 【中考考频】动词不定式作目的状语是中考高频考点，集中在单选、句型转换和完形填空中。主要考查 to do / in order to do / so as to do 的用法区别及否定形式。 动词不定式（the infinitive）由"to + 动词原形"构成。当不定式在句中修饰动词，表示动作的目的或动机时，它就充当目的状语（Adverbial of Purpose），回答 Why?（为什么？）或 What for?（为了什么？）的问题。 例：I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell.（我捂住鼻子是为了减少气味。）——回答 Why did I cover my nose? 4.2 三种表达形式 形式 位置 语体/语气 例句 to do 句首或句中均可 最常见，口语和书面语通用 We read the signs to find the right platform. To keep safe, we wear a seat belt. in order to do 句首或句中均可 较正式，强调目的，语气更强 In order to keep safe, we follow the rules. He left early in order to catch the first bus. so as to do 只能放句中，不能放句首 较口语化，常用于句中 I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell. （误：So as to reduce the smell, I covered my nose.） 4.3 否定形式 动词不定式作目的状语的否定形式是在 to 前面加 not，两种形式如下： 否定形式 位置 例句 in order not to do 句首或句中均可 In order not to make noise, he closed the door quietly. He spoke in a low voice in order not to wake the baby. so as not to do 只能放句中 He spoke quietly so as not to wake the baby. （误：So as not to wake the baby, he spoke quietly.） 注意：not 的位置必须在 to 之前，不能写成 so as to not do 或 in order to not do。 4.4 to do / in order to do / so as to do 的区别 to do、in order to do 和 so as to do 都作目的状语，三者的主要区别如下： 形式 位置 语体/语气 例句 to do 句首或句中均可 最常见，口语和书面语通用 We read the signs to find the way. To keep safe, we wear a seat belt. in order to do 句首或句中均可 较正式，强调目的，语气更强 In order to keep safe, we follow the rules. He left early in order to catch the bus. so as to do 只能放句中，不能放句首 较口语化，常用于句中 I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell. （误：So as to reduce the smell, I covered my nose.） 4.5 高频考点总结 1. so as to 不可放句首：So as to keep safe, we wear a seat belt.（误）→ In order to keep safe, we wear a seat belt.（正） 2. 否定形式中 not 的位置：so as not to do（正）→ so as to not do（误）；in order not to do（正）→ in order to not do（误）。 3. 目的状语用 to do 不用 for doing：I came here to see you.（正）→ I came here for seeing you.（误）。for doing 多用于表用途，如：This tool is used for cutting paper. 4. so as to do 与 so...as to do 的区别：so as to do 是目的状语（为了...）；so + adj./adv. + as to do 是结果状语（如此...以至于...）。 5. 主语一致原则：目的状语不定式的逻辑主语应与主句主语一致。如：To keep safe, following the rules is important.（误，应用不定式作目的状语）→ To keep safe, we must follow the rules.（正） 五、单元话题写作（Writing） 5.1 写作任务：Rules make our world better 本单元写作任务是以"Rules make our world better"（规则让世界更美好）为主题，结合公共交通规则和网络安全规则，论述规则的重要性。要求：80-120词，结构清晰，至少使用两处动词不定式作目的状语。 5.2 写作框架 段落 内容 可用句型 示例 第一段 引出规则的重要性 Rules make our world better. / Some people think...but in fact... / Wherever we go, we can see rules. Rules make our world better. Some people think rules limit our freedom, but in fact, they protect us. 第二段 举例说明规则的作用 In order to..., we must... / We should... so as not to... / Remember that... has costs. In order to keep safe, we must follow traffic rules. Online, remember that behaving badly has costs. 第三段 总结呼应主题 Every citizen should... / Only in this way can we... / Rules are the foundation of... Every citizen should take responsibility. Only in this way can we make our world better. 5.3 范文 【范文一】基础版（约90词） Rules make our world better. Wherever we go, we can see rules around us. In order to keep safe, we must follow traffic rules. For example, we should wear a seat belt in a car and wait in line at the station. On the Internet, we should also behave well. We should not spread others' private information so as not to cause trouble. Remember that behaving badly online has costs. Rules are not made to limit our freedom. They are made to protect us. When everyone follows the rules, our world becomes a better place. 【范文二】提升版（约130词） Rules make our world better. Some people think rules limit our freedom, but in fact, rules protect us and make our lives easier. Think about public transport. We wear seat belts in order to stay safe. We keep quiet so as not to make noise for others. We follow signs to find our way. These small rules make every trip smooth and pleasant. Online, rules matter even more. We can get in touch with anyone with just one click, but we must remember that behaving badly online has costs. We should protect our personal information and avoid sharing private addresses or passport numbers. We should not cheat others or spread false news. In a word, rules are the foundation of a good society. Every citizen should take responsibility and follow the rules. Only in this way can we make our world a better place. 5.4 写作好词好句积累 类别 表达 适用场景 引出主题 Rules make our world better. / Rules are everywhere. / Rules protect us. 开头段引出规则的重要性 目的表达 in order to... / so as to... / so as not to... / in order not to... 表达规则的目的，体现语法重点 举例说明 For example,... / Think about... / such as... 举例说明规则的具体作用 总结呼应 Every citizen should... / Only in this way can we... / In a word,... 结尾段总结并呼应主题 规则词汇 follow/break a rule / take responsibility / behave well / protect...from... 描述规则相关行为 六、易错点与难点突破（Common Mistakes） 编号 易错点 错误示例 正确写法 原因分析 1 so as to 放句首 x So as to keep safe, we wear a seat belt. v In order to keep safe, we wear a seat belt. so as to do 只能放句中，不能放句首。句首应用 in order to do 或 to do。 2 否定形式 not 位置错误 x He spoke quietly so as to not wake the baby. v He spoke quietly so as not to wake the baby. not 必须放在 to 之前：so as not to do / in order not to do / not to do。 3 目的状语用 for doing x I came here for seeing you. v I came here to see you. 表目的用 to do 不用 for doing。for doing 多表用途（be used for doing）。 4 so as to 与 so...as to 混淆 x He ran so as to catch the bus.（表结果） v He ran so fast as to catch the bus.（表结果） so as to do = 目的状语（为了...）；so + adj./adv. + as to do = 结果状语（如此...以至于...）。 5 in order to 后接 doing x In order to keeping safe, we follow the rules. v In order to keep safe, we follow the rules. in order to 后接动词原形，不是 doing。to 是不定式符号，不是介词。 6 seat / sit 词性混淆 x Please seat down. / Sit the baby in the chair. v Please sit down. / Seat the baby in the chair. sit 是动词（坐）；seat 作动词是及物（使...就座），作名词是座位。 7 noise / noisy 词性混淆 x The bus was very noise. v The bus was very noisy. noise 是名词（噪音）；noisy 是形容词（吵闹的）。 8 look after / look for 混淆 x She is looking after her lost passport. v She is looking for her lost passport. look after = 照顾；look for = 寻找。 9 get in touch with 漏 with x We can get in touch anyone online. v We can get in touch with anyone online. get in touch with sb. 是固定搭配，with 不可省略。 10 behave 后接形容词 x He behaved bad online. v He behaved badly online. behave 是动词，后接副词修饰（badly 是副词），不是形容词（bad）。 七、文化常识（Culture Link） 7.1 公民责任与规则意识（Citizen Responsibility） 公民责任（citizen responsibility）是指每个公民在社会中应尽的义务和职责。在公共生活中，遵守规则（follow the rules）是公民的基本责任。规则不是对自由的限制，而是对社会秩序和个人安全的保护。 在公共交通中，乘客（passenger）应系好安全带（seat belt）、排队等候（wait in line）、不制造噪音（not make noise）、不乱扔垃圾。这些看似简单的行为，体现的是一个公民的责任感（a sense of responsibility）和对他人的尊重。 英语中有句谚语："Honesty is the best policy."（诚实为上策。）这说明了诚信（honesty）在公民生活中的核心地位。一个诚实、守规则的公民，才能赢得他人的信任（trust）。 7.2 网络安全意识（Online Safety Awareness） 随着互联网的发展，我们可以只需点击一下（with just one click）就与世界上的任何人取得联系（get in touch with）。但网络也带来了新的安全挑战。保护个人信息（personal information）和隐私（privacy）成为每个网民的基本意识。 以下是基本的网络安全规则： 安全要点 英文表达 说明 不泄露个人信息 Don't share personal information with strangers. 包括姓名、地址、护照号码等，避免被不法分子利用。 不传播虚假信息 Don't spread false news online. 传播不实信息可能违法，behaving badly online has costs。 不轻信网络诈骗 Don't trust strangers online easily. 提高警惕（be aware），避免被骗（avoid being cheated）。 保护隐私设置 Protect your privacy settings. 限制（limit）陌生人查看你的个人信息。 文明上网 Behave well online. 网上不良行为有代价，尊重他人就是尊重自己。 7.3 中西方法律文化对比 对比维度 中国法律文化 西方（英美）法律文化 法律渊源 成文法为主，强调立法权威 判例法（case law）与成文法并重，法官判例有约束力 法律职业 律师（lawyer）在法庭中代表当事人 律师制度发达，lawyer / attorney / solicitor 等区分细致 公民意识 "依法治国"，强调集体利益与社会和谐 "Rule of Law"，强调个人权利与自由 隐私保护 近年来《个人信息保护法》不断完善 GDPR 等隐私法规体系成熟，personal data 保护严格 交通规则 右侧通行，安全带（seat belt）为法定要求 英联邦国家左侧通行，seat belt 同样为法定要求 网络治理 实名制与内容监管并重 侧重平台责任与用户隐私平衡 7.4 公共交通礼仪（Public Transport Etiquette） 礼仪要点 英文表达 说明 系好安全带 Wear a seat belt. 在汽车、飞机上系安全带是基本安全规则。 排队上车 Wait in line to get on. 不插队（don't jump the queue）是基本礼貌。 保持安静 Keep quiet and don't make noise. 不大声喧哗、不用外放看视频，尊重其他乘客。 不踢前座 Don't kick the seat in front of you. 尤其在公交车、飞机上，踢前座会影响他人。 让座给需要的人 Offer your seat to those in need. 给老人、孕妇、残疾人让座是美德。 保持整洁 Keep the bus clean, don't make a mess. 不乱扔垃圾，离开时带走自己的物品。 八、单元自测（Self-check） （本部分为"学生版"，不含答案。参考答案与解析见附录。） 第一部分：基础过关（20题） 一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词（10分） 1. Every p______（乘客）on the bus should wear a seat belt. 2. Please keep quiet. Don't make any n______（噪音）. 3. It's our r______（责任）to follow the rules in public places. 4. We should protect our p______（私人的）information online. 5. Don't s______（传播）false news on the Internet. 6. As a good c______（公民）, we should obey the law. 7. The police station is o______（在对面）the bank. 8. Don't be c______（粗心的）with your personal information. 9. Please show me your p______（护照）at the airport. 10. We should a______（避免）sharing our home address online. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（5分） 11. I covered my nose so as ______ (reduce) the bad smell. 12. In order ______ (keep) safe, we must follow the traffic rules. 13. Remember that ______ (behave) badly online has costs. 14. We can get in touch with anyone with just one ______ (click). 15. We should be ______ (aware) of the dangers of sharing private information. 三、选词填空（5分） （in order to / so as to / look after / get in touch with / follow a rule） 16. ______ keep our school clean, we should not throw rubbish everywhere. 17. I covered my nose ______ reduce the smell from the smelly food. 18. Every citizen should ______ when taking public transport. 19. We can ______ our friends abroad with just one click online. 20. Parents should teach children to ______ themselves when going online. 第二部分：能力提升（10题） 四、单项选择（5分） 21. ______ keep safe online, we should not share our private information. A. So as to B. In order to C. To not D. In order not 22. Which of the following sentences is WRONG? A. In order to keep safe, we wear a seat belt. B. We wear a seat belt in order to keep safe. C. So as to keep safe, we wear a seat belt. D. We wear a seat belt so as to keep safe. 23. He spoke in a low voice ______ wake the sleeping baby. A. so as not to B. so as to not C. in order to not D. not in order to 24. We got up early ______ the first bus. A. to catch B. catching C. for catch D. caught 25. Choose the correct sentence: A. He came here for seeing you. B. He came here to seeing you. C. He came here to see you. D. He came here so as to seeing you. 五、句型转换（5分） 26. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.（改为同义句，用 in order to） I got up early ______ ______ ______ ______ the first bus. 27. He ran fast. He wanted to catch the train.（合并为一句，用 to do） He ran fast ______ ______ the train. 28. We wear seat belts. We want to keep safe.（合并为一句，用 so as to） We wear seat belts ______ ______ ______ ______ safe. 29. "Don't make noise here," she said to me.（改为同义句，用 ask） She ______ me ______ ______ make noise there. 30. I covered my nose. I didn't want to smell the bad food.（合并为一句，用 so as not to） I covered my nose ______ ______ ______ ______ smell the bad food. 附录：参考答案与详细解析 （本部分为"教师版"，供教师批改和讲解使用。） 基础过关答案 题号 答案 解析 1 passenger every 后接单数可数名词，passenger（乘客），注意双写 s。 2 noise make noise 制造噪音，noise 是不可数名词。 3 responsibility It's our responsibility to do sth. 做某事是我们的责任。 4 private private information 私人信息，区别于 personal（个人的）。 5 spread spread false news 传播假新闻，过去式仍为 spread。 6 citizen as a good citizen 作为好公民，citizen（公民）。 7 opposite opposite the bank 在银行对面，opposite 此处作介词。 8 careless be careless with 对...粗心，careless 是 care + less（否定后缀）。 9 passport show one's passport 出示护照，passport（护照）。 10 avoid avoid doing sth. 避免做某事，avoid 后接动名词。 11 to reduce so as to + 动词原形，目的状语，reduce（减少）。 12 to keep in order to + 动词原形，目的状语，keep safe（保持安全）。 13 behaving behaving badly online 是动名词短语作宾语从句的主语，用 -ing 形式。 14 click with just one click 只需一点击，click 此处作名词。 15 aware be aware of 意识到，aware 是形容词。 16 In order to 句首目的状语，不能用 so as to（不可放句首），用 In order to。 17 so as to 句中目的状语，用 so as to reduce，也可用 to reduce 或 in order to reduce。 18 follow a rule follow a rule 遵守规则，固定搭配。 19 get in touch with get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系，with 不可省略。 20 look after look after themselves 照顾他们自己，= take care of。 能力提升答案 题号 答案 解析 21 B. In order to 句首目的状语只能用 in order to do 或 to do，不能用 so as to do。A 错（so as to 不可放句首）；C 错（否定形式应为 in order not to）；D 错（in order not 后缺 to）。 22 C so as to do 不能放句首，C 项错误。A、B、D 均正确。 23 A. so as not to 否定目的状语，not 必须在 to 之前：so as not to do。B 错（so as to not）；C 错（in order to not）；D 错（语序错误）。 24 A. to catch 目的状语用 to do 不用 for doing 或 doing。B、C、D 均错误。 25 C 表目的用 to do（to see），A 错（for seeing）；B 错（to seeing）；D 错（so as to seeing）。不定式符号 to 后接动词原形。 26 in order to catch so that + 从句 = in order to + 动词原形。could catch → in order to catch。 27 to catch 两个简单句合并为目的状语，用 to do：ran fast to catch the train。 28 so as to keep 句中目的状语用 so as to do：so as to keep safe。也可用 to keep 或 in order to keep。 29 asked; not to ask sb not to do sth. = 要求某人不做某事。原句 Don't make noise, not to make noise. 主句用过去时 asked。 30 so as not to 否定目的状语：so as not to smell the bad food（为了不闻到臭食物）。也可用 in order not to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $