精品解析：上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题

高三英语 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It Has Pockets! As a young girl, Claire McCardell hated wearing a dress when climbing trees, and didn’t understand why she couldn’t wear pants with pockets like her brothers. At summer camp, she hated swimming in the full-stockings women ____1____ (expect) to wear, so she abandoned hers and went bare-legged in the lake, even though she knew she ____2____ (get) in trouble. McCardell made a career out of asking such questions, and helped transform American fashion in the process, as Elizabeth Dickinson details in her lively biography, Claire McCardell: The Designer Who Set Women Free. Almost a century later, “we owe much of ____3____ hangs in our closets to Claire McCardell,” Dickinson writes, and yet she is not ____4____ the fashion figures “we all remember”. That’s an understatement. Fashion historians tend to agree that McCardell had an elegant and inventive talent for bringing American women new freedom of movement. She rejected anything ____5____ (restrict) — even when Christian Dior burst onto the French scene and began locking women back into corsets with 18-inch waists. Dior described women as flowers, to be admired and plucked. McCardell saw women as doers, and designed accordingly. ____6____ McCardell was really “the designer who set women free” in a broader sense is a more complicated question. During her lifetime, women certainly gained freedom: more casual and comfortable options; and in general, more choice about how they might acceptably present ____7____ to the world. The main reason McCardell isn’t well-known globally is that, unlike her contemporary rival Christian Dior, she didn’t name a successor or plan for her brand to continue after her death. Dior also died at 52, just a few months before McCardell, ____8____ (appoint) Yves Saint Laurent to carry on his work and safeguard his name. But McCardell is worth remembering as an example of the persistence required to see the world as it is in any field. In 2021, her hometown in Maryland installed a statue of her in a local park, with ____9____ to honor her influence on fashion. She sits in her typical posture, confident and at ease. It’s striking to see an official statue that looks so relaxed; she’s not staring at the horizon _____10_____ preparing to give an official address. She looks, above all, comfortable. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dramatically B. emerging C. hidden D. knock-on E. orbit F. refuges G. boost H. shading I. stem J. structural K. uninterrupted A Bug’s Life Insect species are under threat around the world but there are simple science-backed actions we can all take to ____11____ their decline. Many of the drivers of those declines are ____12____, and require strong action by governments to turn around. But there are clear, easy steps that anyone can take to support the insect world. For species under such pressure, we can create ____13____ for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival. Turn out the lights Everyone has seen moths circle a bulb at night. But if that light stays on, researchers estimate one-third of insects trapped in its ____14____ will die before morning. Light pollution is a huge driver of insect declines: it changes insect behavior and can even make leaves too tough for them to eat. You can help by switching off your outdoor lights or putting them on a sensor, and ____15____ windows so lights are not shining out into the night. Skip the lawn-or mow it less No mow May is one of the most successful recent environmental campaigns in the UK, intended to provide more habitat to bees and butterflies when they are ____16____ from a cold, hard winter. But it doesn’t have to be only May. Letting grasses grow ____17____, particularly where native wildflowers thrive, can be a big ____18____ for insects. Protect owls and bats While often ____19____ from sight, bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations. Where owls and bats disappear, farmers tend to increase their insecticides. By supporting your local bat and owl populations, you can have positive ____20____ effects for insects. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A slice of sense on UPFs (超加工食品) They have been called “poison” and “junk”, but however you describe ultra-processed foods (UPFs), it is clear that they are the nutritional threat. That fear is ____21____, given their consumption has been linked to a series of health ____22____, from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression. Their dominance has changed food systems so rapidly that much of our diet would be unrecognizable to even our ____23____ ancestors. We certainly haven’t adapted to them ____24____. It’s ____25____ that they are the main target of strategies to address diet-related chronic disease nowadays. Even so, we think all-out UPF panic needs to give way to a more layered conversation. It is a mistake to paint ____26____ and wholegrain bread with the same brush as cakes and sugary cereal. Just because a food is ultra-processed doesn’t mean it is unhealthy. When it comes to how UPFs cause weight gain, recent research found they tend to be ____27____ when energy dense (more calories per bite) or hyperpalatable (高适口性的) (featuring pairs of nutrients that don’t typically ____28____ naturally — such as high salt and fat, carb and salt or sugar and fat). ____29____, when people eat meals with lots of UPFs that aren’t energy dense and hyperpalatable, they don’t gain weight. These findings have enormous implications for nutrition policy and regulation. By targeting UPFs that have a high calorie density or contain hyperpalatable nutrient ____30____, we can focus on the primary offenders leading to diet-related conditions. To tackle these specific foods, we must apply a battery of public health policies similar to those that cut tobacco consumption: marketing restrictions, ____31____ labelling and aggressive taxes. We also need to reward companies which make their UPFs ____32____ — think frozen, wholegrain-crust pizza topped with vegetables. Some UPFs are already considered healthy by the FDA’s standard (again, think wholegrain bread or yogurt). None of these would be the ____33____ of such policies or regulations. Many of us rely on the likes of UPF pasta sauces and canned beans, which can be an easy and affordable part of a healthy diet. That is why being ____34____ which UPFs are most likely to cause harm is important. UPFs aren’t going anywhere for now, and the story of their science is still being written. So let’s move beyond panic towards a healthy ____35____ by understanding how some of them cause harm and act accordingly. 21. A. remarkable B. unnecessary C. groundless D. reasonable 22. A. benefits B. factors C. scares D. effects 23. A. recent B. wise C. distant D. royal 24. A. socially B. eventually C. evolutionarily D. psychologically 25. A. no wonder B. a myth C. out of the question D. of little value 26. A. boiled rice B. raw meat C. flavored yogurt D. meal set 27. A. overeating B. overconsumed C. overweight D. undercooked 28. A. mix-match B. co-occur C. break down D. run out 29. A. In the same way B. On the flip side C. As a result D. In the meantime 30. A. combinations B. concentrations C. separations D. classifications 31. A. temporary B. permanent C. compulsory D. distinguishing 32. A. more convenient B. less calorie dense C. more wholesome D. less processed 33. A. success B. origin C. object D. subject 34. A. specific about B. assured of C. resistant to D. indifferent to 35. A. all-in B. co-existence C. inter-play D. anti-stress Section B Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The problem started when Petey called out, “Anyone want a baloney sandwich?” “You kidding? Your mom must hate you, giving you sandwiches like that.” Petey threw his sandwich bag at the critic, Andy, and the class cheered. Fight, fight, they said. I made the first sound of my teaching career: Hey. Four years of higher education at New York University and all I could think of was Hey. They ignored me, still hoping for a fight. I moved toward Petey and made my first teacher statement, “Stop throwing sandwiches.” Petey and the class looked surprised. This new teacher just stopped a good fight. New teachers are supposed to mind their own business or send for the principal or a dean and everyone knows it will be years before they come. More importantly, what are you gonna do with a teacher who tells you stop throwing sandwiches when you already threw the sandwich? From the back, Benny’s voice cut through: “He already threw it! No use telling him now don’t throw the sangwidge!” The class snickered, and I caught a boy muttering “stupid” under his breath. Anger pricked me, but I held it back — losing my temper would end my career. My college lectures had rambled on about educational philosophies and “nurturing the whole child,” not how to defuse a crisis sparked by a flying sandwich that had already turned the class into chaos. Professors of education at New York University never lectured on how to handle flying-sandwich situations. They talked about theories and philosophies of education, about moral and ethical imperatives, but never about critical moments in the classroom. The sandwich, in wax paper, lay halfway out of the bag. I picked it up. The aroma told me it was not any ordinary sandwich. This bread was firm enough to hold slices of a rich baloney, layered with slices of tomato, onions and peppers, charged with a tongue-dazzling relish. I ate the sandwich. Thirty-four sixteen-year-olds stared in disbelief, then their eyes softened into admiration — no teacher had ever dared eat a sandwich from the floor. I licked the oil from my fingers, sighed “Yum,” and flipped the wrapper into the trash bin. The class roared — “Wow!” “Man, that’s cool!” I stood tall, feeling like a champion. I thought I had them in the palm of my hand. Fine, except that I didn’t know what to do next. My students smiled till they saw the principal’s face framed in the door window. Bushy black eyebrows halfway up his forehead shaped a question. He opened the door and motioned me out. “A word, Mr. McCourt?” 36. Why were the students especially surprised when the teacher told Petey to “Stop throwing sandwiches”? A. Because they thought teachers should never interfere with students’ conflicts. B. Because the sandwich had already been thrown, so his words seemed meaningless. C. Because they believed the teacher would call the principal instead of saying anything. D. Because they thought the teacher would punish Petey immediately with strict discipline. 37. The teacher’s decision to eat the sandwich can best be understood as _______. A. An act of desperation to gain control of the class. B. A punishment meant to embarrass Petey in front of everyone C. A carefully planned strategy from his teacher training courses. D. A way to express his hunger and ignore the students’ behavior. 38. The underlined word “defuse” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______. A. fuel B. define C. confuse D. ease 39. The humor in the scene where the author eats the sandwich and later faces the principal lies in _______. A. the principal’s overreaction to a small incident of eating in class B. the students’ unexpected shift from ridicule to admiration for the teacher C. the author’s childish way of flipping the wrapper into the trash bin like a student D. the absurd contrast between the author’s moment of “triumph” and his coming trouble (B) Climbing a mountain sounds simple — start at the bottom, walk up, and reach the top. But every experienced climber knows that nature has its own plan. The air grows thinner, temperatures drop, and storms can appear without warning. A morning that begins bright can end in fog, wind, and lightning. Wise climbers read the weather forecast and, more importantly, learn to read the sky itself. Clouds forming early on a humid day are not just pretty shapes; they’re warnings. The guidebook’s advice to start early isn’t superstition. Those who climb before dawn aren’t showing off — they’re avoiding trouble. Gear selection matters too: opt for waterproof, high-top hiking boots with thick rubber soles (to grip uneven surfaces) and a breathable, lightweight jacket (avoid cotton, which stays damp and causes hypothermia). Pack 1.5 liters of water per person for a 4-hour climb — dehydration worsens altitude-related discomfort, and note that most low-mountain areas see sunset between 5 PM and 6 PM in spring and autumn. Also pack high-energy snacks like unsalted nuts or energy bars (sugary treats lead to quick energy crashes). Preparation means more than food and good shoes. A headlamp might feel unnecessary on a short hike, but when fog slows your pace or sunset comes sooner than expected, it can be the tool that saves you. Maps that work without batteries, warm layers, and steady water intake are not signs of fear — they are proof of experience. Stick to marked trails at all times. Unknown shortcuts, even those seemingly “shorter” on informal maps, often cut through unstable terrain (e.g., loose soil or hidden ravines) and are a top cause of falls. Finally, share your detailed plan with a trusted person: include your starting point, intended route, and expected return time. For day climbs under 5 hours, a delay of 1.5-2 hours beyond your planned return may call for a check-in — try reaching the climber via phone first (if signal allows). However, if delays happen after sunset, or if the climb involves exposed terrain prone to night fog, alert local mountain rescue teams immediately, even if the delay is under 2 hours. Delays in seeking help increase risk of exposure, especially when temperatures drop sharply after dark. 40. Why is it risky to climb in the afternoon? A. The sunlight hides trail markings. B. The air is thicker, making breathing harder. C. The map signal becomes weaker under heat. D. Rocks may become unstable as the temperature rises. 41. Which of the following statements is true? A. A headlamp is useless for short mountain hikes. B. The weather in the mountainous area is changeable. C. Experienced hikers bring digital maps without batteries. D. Wise climbers check the weather forecast instead of reading the sky. 42. If Zhang Hua told his family he would set out on a 4-hour climb at 1 PM but was delayed until 7:30 PM, what should his family do according to the text? A. Immediately alert local mountain rescue teams. B. Take his planned route to search for him instantly. C. Bring warm cotton-padded clothes to go up the mountain to search immediately. D. First try to call him, then alert local mountain rescue teams if there’s no response. (C) A brain structure that seems to influence food consumption could one day be targeted to enhance interventions for weight loss or gain. Studies have shown that activating neurons in this structure, called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) — located around the center of the brain and about the size of a sunflower seed in people — increases food intake in mice. In these foundational studies, this was typically achieved through techniques such as optogenetics, which uses light to control neurons in the BNST region. But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity. To learn more about its function, Charles Zuker and his colleagues first imaged the brains of mice while they drank water flavored with one of the five basic tastes — sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami. The researchers previously linked enjoying sweet tastes to activity in a region called the amygdala, and have now pinpointed neurons there that only became activated in response to sweet water. These neurons then activated others in the BNST, sometimes called the “extended amygdala”. This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona. The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water. Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes. But the researchers also found that artificial activation prompted mice to consume more water of any taste, including whether it was unflavoured, salty or bitter, despite them usually avoiding the latter taste. In further experiments, the team found that substantially more BNST neurons were activated by sweet and salty signals in hungry or salt-low mice, respectively, compared with those that were fed until they were full or had normal salt levels. This suggests that the BNST integrates signals for hunger and nutrient deficiency, in addition to taste, to determine food intake, says Cai. The findings are highly relevant to people, as our BNST is very similar to that of mice, says Cai. They suggest that developing drugs that activate BNST neurons could potentially help to encourage eating in people with a severe loss of appetite, he says. However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says. The study could also help us achieve better results with weight-loss treatments, such as the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. These can bind to neurons in the BNST, so a better understanding of how it alters food consumption could help us gain a clearer picture of how such drugs work, says Sarah Stern. 43. What was previously unknown about the BNST? A. Its location in the human brain B. Whether it receives taste signals C. Its function of increasing mice’s food intake D. The similarity of human BNST to the mouse BNST 44. What did the genetic engineering of mice’s BNST neurons reveal? A. Mice consume more of any water, regardless of the taste. B. Mice drank less sweet water when these neurons were not activated. C. The BNST has no connection to the amygdala’s taste-related neurons. D. Bitter taste became more appealing to mice even without neuron activation. 45. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A. BNST mainly relies on taste preferences to regulate eating behavior. B. The study proves semaglutide works only by binding to BNST neurons. C. Using BNST-activating drugs needs to be combined with targeting other brain feeding circuits. D. Prolonged use of BNST-activating drugs will damage other brain pathways related to food intake. 46. Which title best fits the passage? A. Area of brain behind food urges identified B. New findings to improve weight-loss drugs C. How hunger changes the activity of brain neurons D. Mice experiments: unlocking secrets of bitter taste avoidance Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Quiet Quitting Are you feeling burnt out and overwhelmed at work? You’re not alone. In fact, research shows that burnout is becoming increasingly common among young professionals, with many people silently struggling to keep up with the demands of their jobs. ____47____ This emerging trend has potentially widespread implications for the future of work, how people interact with their jobs, and what we see as an acceptable balance between work and home life. So how do you know if someone is quietly quitting? There are a few tell-tale signs to look out for in the workplace. You might notice that an employee who used to be highly engaged and motivated in their job suddenly becomes less interested in what they are doing. They might seem less enthusiastic about their work or less willing to take on new challenges or projects. They complete their core tasks but nothing more. ____48____ Another key sign of quiet quitting is a decline in the quality of work. Someone who is quietly quitting might start to produce below-standard work in comparison to what they have historically produced, or they might be less willing to put in the extra effort needed to meet the high standards of their job. ____49____ They’re turning up to work, but the effort that they are expending is minimal. ____50____ You might notice them withdrawing from social situations. Where they once attended social gatherings and seasonal parties, they now avoid these. You may see them less in the break room and find that they are increasingly quiet in meetings. A. A quiet quitter might also become more disengaged from their colleagues and less willing to collaborate. B. Even here, though, you might notice they start to miss deadlines or make mistakes they wouldn’t normally make. C. Each of these behaviors indicates a lack of investment, especially when compared to how engaged they were earlier. D. If people are quietly quitting all around you, maintaining your usual level of output will make you a stand-out member of your team. E. This has led to a new phenomenon known as “quiet quitting,” which refers to the subtle ways in which people disengage from their work. F. They may also start to arrive late or leave early, though this is usually paired with open complaints about their workload or manager. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Music is instrumental in learning how to read Learning to play an instrument seems to boost reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that comprise words. They also showed better reading skills. In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of their brain to process music and speech, and sometimes they rely more on the right side. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. However, music training can also lead to specialization in the right hemisphere of the brain, fostering faster reading, she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 52. 愿你前路平坦，终能得偿所愿。（May）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 53. 该国已投入大量资金推进军事现代化，以抵御敌人的入侵。(defend)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 54. 那座老车库在城市改造期间被拆除了，人们对它重获新生所抱有的所有希望，最终也化为了泡影。（reduce）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 55. 数字使用的主要危害，与其说在于我们接收到的信息本身，不如说在于它对我们注意力持续时间和批判性思维能力的损害。(so much... as) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生会成员王敏，学校计划为高二年级组织一场为期3天的游学活动，核心目标是让历史“活”起来——不止于书本知识的记忆，更要通过场景沉浸与实践互动亲身“触摸”历史。 请给校长写一封邮件，汇报你的游学计划。邮件内容需包含： 1.简要介绍游学的主题、目的地及选择理由； 2.描述两项核心活动，说明其如何助力“让历史活起来”。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三英语 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It Has Pockets! As a young girl, Claire McCardell hated wearing a dress when climbing trees, and didn’t understand why she couldn’t wear pants with pockets like her brothers. At summer camp, she hated swimming in the full-stockings women ____1____ (expect) to wear, so she abandoned hers and went bare-legged in the lake, even though she knew she ____2____ (get) in trouble. McCardell made a career out of asking such questions, and helped transform American fashion in the process, as Elizabeth Dickinson details in her lively biography, Claire McCardell: The Designer Who Set Women Free. Almost a century later, “we owe much of ____3____ hangs in our closets to Claire McCardell,” Dickinson writes, and yet she is not ____4____ the fashion figures “we all remember”. That’s an understatement. Fashion historians tend to agree that McCardell had an elegant and inventive talent for bringing American women new freedom of movement. She rejected anything ____5____ (restrict) — even when Christian Dior burst onto the French scene and began locking women back into corsets with 18-inch waists. Dior described women as flowers, to be admired and plucked. McCardell saw women as doers, and designed accordingly. ____6____ McCardell was really “the designer who set women free” in a broader sense is a more complicated question. During her lifetime, women certainly gained freedom: more casual and comfortable options; and in general, more choice about how they might acceptably present ____7____ to the world. The main reason McCardell isn’t well-known globally is that, unlike her contemporary rival Christian Dior, she didn’t name a successor or plan for her brand to continue after her death. Dior also died at 52, just a few months before McCardell, ____8____ (appoint) Yves Saint Laurent to carry on his work and safeguard his name. But McCardell is worth remembering as an example of the persistence required to see the world as it is in any field. In 2021, her hometown in Maryland installed a statue of her in a local park, with ____9____ to honor her influence on fashion. She sits in her typical posture, confident and at ease. It’s striking to see an official statue that looks so relaxed; she’s not staring at the horizon _____10_____ preparing to give an official address. She looks, above all, comfortable. 【答案】1. were expected 2. would get##would have got 3. what 4. among##in 5. restricting 6. Whether 7. themselves 8. having appointed 9. which 10. as if##as though 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了美国时装设计师Claire McCardell的生平及其对美国女性时尚的重要影响。 【1题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：在夏令营里，她讨厌穿着女性被要求穿的全长丝袜游泳，所以她脱掉了丝袜，光着腿在湖里游泳，尽管她知道她会惹上麻烦。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上下文语境，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时， women与expect之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在夏令营里，她讨厌穿着女性被要求穿的全长丝袜游泳，所以她脱掉了丝袜，光着腿在湖里游泳，尽管她知道她会惹上麻烦/可能已经惹上麻烦。空格处为宾语从句的谓语动词；根据主句谓语knew可知，此处表示从过去看将来要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，即would+动词原形；would have got表示对过去情况的虚拟，在此处也可理解为“她知道自己可能已经惹上麻烦”。 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：近一个世纪后，“我们衣橱里挂着的大部分东西都要归功于Claire McCardell，” Dickinson写道，然而，她并不在那些“我们都记得”的时尚人物之列。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：近一个世纪后，“我们衣橱里挂着的大部分东西都要归功于Claire McCardell，” Dickinson写道，然而，她并不在那些“我们都记得”的时尚人物之列。空格处需填入介词，与后面的名词短语构成介词短语；among表示“在……之中”，in表示“在……里面”，均符合语境，表示她不在那些著名时尚人物之中。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她拒绝任何限制性的东西——即使Christian Dior闯入法国时尚界，开始把女性重新锁进18英寸腰围的紧身胸衣里。空格处作后置定语修饰不定代词anything，anything与restrict之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。 【6题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：McCardell是否真的在更广泛的意义上是“解放女性的设计师”是一个更复杂的问题。空格处引导主语从句，根据句意“是否”可知，应用whether引导；注意首字母大写。 【7题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：在她的一生中，女性确实获得了自由：更休闲舒适的选择；总的来说，在如何可接受地向世界展示自己方面有了更多选择。空格处作动词present的宾语，且与主语women指代同一群体，应用反身代词themselves。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Dior也在52岁时去世，比McCardell早几个月，他已经任命Yves Saint Laurent继续他的工作并保护他的名字。空格处作伴随状语，Dior与appoint之间为主动关系，且appoint这一动作发生在died之前，应用现在分词的完成式having appointed。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：2021年，她的家乡马里兰州在当地公园为她竖立了一座雕像，以纪念她对时尚的影响。空格处引导定语从句（省略/紧缩形式），具体来说是“介词+关系代词+不定式”，先行词为a statue of her，应用关系代词which替代先行词，with which= with the statue(用这座雕像)，to honor是不定式，表示目的。 【10题详解】 考查方式状语从句。句意：令人惊讶的是，这座官方雕像看起来如此放松；她不像是在凝视地平线，也不像是在准备发表正式演讲。空格处引导方式状语从句，根据句意“好像、仿佛”可知，应用as if或as though引导。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dramatically B. emerging C. hidden D. knock-on E. orbit F. refuges G. boost H. shading I. stem J. structural K. uninterrupted A Bug’s Life Insect species are under threat around the world but there are simple science-backed actions we can all take to ____11____ their decline. Many of the drivers of those declines are ____12____, and require strong action by governments to turn around. But there are clear, easy steps that anyone can take to support the insect world. For species under such pressure, we can create ____13____ for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival. Turn out the lights Everyone has seen moths circle a bulb at night. But if that light stays on, researchers estimate one-third of insects trapped in its ____14____ will die before morning. Light pollution is a huge driver of insect declines: it changes insect behavior and can even make leaves too tough for them to eat. You can help by switching off your outdoor lights or putting them on a sensor, and ____15____ windows so lights are not shining out into the night. Skip the lawn-or mow it less No mow May is one of the most successful recent environmental campaigns in the UK, intended to provide more habitat to bees and butterflies when they are ____16____ from a cold, hard winter. But it doesn’t have to be only May. Letting grasses grow ____17____, particularly where native wildflowers thrive, can be a big ____18____ for insects. Protect owls and bats While often ____19____ from sight, bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations. Where owls and bats disappear, farmers tend to increase their insecticides. By supporting your local bat and owl populations, you can have positive ____20____ effects for insects. 【答案】11. I 12. J 13. F 14. E 15. H 16. B 17. K 18. G 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章讲全球昆虫数量持续减少，除政府出台政策管控根源因素外，普通人可通过夜间关灯、减少修剪草坪、保护蝙蝠猫头鹰等方式，为昆虫打造适宜的生存环境。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：全球范围内的昆虫物种正面临威胁，但我们每个人都可以采取一些简单且有科学依据的行动来阻止它们的数量减少。根据“there are simple science-backed actions we can all take”以及句意“阻止”可知应填动词stem，此处为不定式作目的状语。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些下降趋势的许多原因属于结构性问题，需要政府采取强有力的措施才能扭转局面。根据“and require strong action by governments to turn around”以及句意“结构性”可知应填形容词structural，作表语。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：对于处于这种压力下的物种，我们可以在一个日益不利于其生存的世界中为昆虫创造庇护所。根据“for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival”以及句意“庇护所”可知应填名词refuge，作宾语，数量大于一用复数。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：但如果那道光一直亮着，研究人员估计，其中三分之一被困在轨道上的昆虫会在清晨前死亡。根据“But if that light stays on”以及句意“轨道”可知应填名词orbit，作宾语。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：你可以通过关闭户外照明或安装感应灯，以及遮挡窗户以防止灯光在夜间照射到外面来帮助保护昆虫。根据“windows so lights are not shining out into the night”以及句意“遮挡”可知应填动词shade，作介词的宾语用动名词形式。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：“五月不割草”是英国近年最成功的环保活动之一，旨在为刚熬过严寒冬季、重新现身的蜜蜂与蝴蝶提供更多栖息地。根据“from a cold, hard winter”以及句意“现身”可知应填动词emerge，结合are可知为现在进行时。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：让草类持续生长，尤其是在原生野花繁盛的地方，对昆虫来说可能是一个极大的促进。根据“”以及句意“持续”可知应填形容词uninterrupted，作表语。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：让草类持续生长，尤其是在原生野花繁盛的地方，对昆虫来说可能是一个极大的促进。根据“where native wildflowers thrive”以及句意“促进”可知应填名词boost，作表语。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管常被忽视，蝙蝠和一些猫头鹰种类在春季、夏季和初秋期间以昆虫为食，并在调节其种群数量方面发挥着关键作用。根据“bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations”以及句意“忽视”可知应填过去分词hidden，作状语。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通过支持本地蝙蝠和猫头鹰种群，你还能对昆虫产生积极的连锁效应。根据“By supporting your local bat and owl populations”以及句意“连锁”可知应填形容词knock-on，修饰effects。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A slice of sense on UPFs (超加工食品) They have been called “poison” and “junk”, but however you describe ultra-processed foods (UPFs), it is clear that they are the nutritional threat. That fear is ____21____, given their consumption has been linked to a series of health ____22____, from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression. Their dominance has changed food systems so rapidly that much of our diet would be unrecognizable to even our ____23____ ancestors. We certainly haven’t adapted to them ____24____. It’s ____25____ that they are the main target of strategies to address diet-related chronic disease nowadays. Even so, we think all-out UPF panic needs to give way to a more layered conversation. It is a mistake to paint ____26____ and wholegrain bread with the same brush as cakes and sugary cereal. Just because a food is ultra-processed doesn’t mean it is unhealthy. When it comes to how UPFs cause weight gain, recent research found they tend to be ____27____ when energy dense (more calories per bite) or hyperpalatable (高适口性的) (featuring pairs of nutrients that don’t typically ____28____ naturally — such as high salt and fat, carb and salt or sugar and fat). ____29____, when people eat meals with lots of UPFs that aren’t energy dense and hyperpalatable, they don’t gain weight. These findings have enormous implications for nutrition policy and regulation. By targeting UPFs that have a high calorie density or contain hyperpalatable nutrient ____30____, we can focus on the primary offenders leading to diet-related conditions. To tackle these specific foods, we must apply a battery of public health policies similar to those that cut tobacco consumption: marketing restrictions, ____31____ labelling and aggressive taxes. We also need to reward companies which make their UPFs ____32____ — think frozen, wholegrain-crust pizza topped with vegetables. Some UPFs are already considered healthy by the FDA’s standard (again, think wholegrain bread or yogurt). None of these would be the ____33____ of such policies or regulations. Many of us rely on the likes of UPF pasta sauces and canned beans, which can be an easy and affordable part of a healthy diet. That is why being ____34____ which UPFs are most likely to cause harm is important. UPFs aren’t going anywhere for now, and the story of their science is still being written. So let’s move beyond panic towards a healthy ____35____ by understanding how some of them cause harm and act accordingly. 21. A. remarkable B. unnecessary C. groundless D. reasonable 22. A. benefits B. factors C. scares D. effects 23. A. recent B. wise C. distant D. royal 24. A. socially B. eventually C. evolutionarily D. psychologically 25. A. no wonder B. a myth C. out of the question D. of little value 26. A. boiled rice B. raw meat C. flavored yogurt D. meal set 27. A. overeating B. overconsumed C. overweight D. undercooked 28. A. mix-match B. co-occur C. break down D. run out 29. A. In the same way B. On the flip side C. As a result D. In the meantime 30. A. combinations B. concentrations C. separations D. classifications 31. A. temporary B. permanent C. compulsory D. distinguishing 32. A. more convenient B. less calorie dense C. more wholesome D. less processed 33. A. success B. origin C. object D. subject 34. A. specific about B. assured of C. resistant to D. indifferent to 35. A. all-in B. co-existence C. inter-play D. anti-stress 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了超加工食品虽普遍被视作健康威胁，但不应全盘否定；文章区分了有害与相对健康的超加工食品，分析了高热量、高适口性搭配是其致胖的核心原因，并提出分层管控、配套公共卫生政策，实现人与超加工食品良性共存的理性观点。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：考虑到食用超加工食品与一系列健康问题相关，从肥胖、2 型糖尿病到焦虑、抑郁，这种担忧是合乎情理的。A. remarkable显著的；B. unnecessary没必要的；C. groundless无依据的；D. reasonable合理的。根据后文“from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression”可知，食用超加工食品有多种健康危害，说明大众的担忧有理有据。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. benefits益处；B. factors因素；C. scares恐慌；D. effects影响、后果。根据后文“from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression”可知，肥胖、糖尿病等都是食用超加工食品带来的健康后果。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：超加工食品占据饮食主流，快速改变了饮食体系，即便是近代祖先，也根本认不出我们如今的大部分餐食。A. recent最近的；B. wise明智的；C. distant久远的；D. royal皇室的。根据前文“Their dominance has changed food systems so rapidly that much of our diet would be unrecognizable”可知，现代饮食变化巨大，甚至近代的祖先也无法理解现代饮食。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：从进化角度而言，我们人类显然还未适应这类食物。A. socially社交层面；B. eventually最终；C. evolutionarily进化层面；D. psychologically心理层面。根据前文“much of our diet would be unrecognizable to even our   ancestors”对比现代人与祖先，说明人体进化速度跟不上食品加工的发展，是进化层面的不适应。 【25题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：难怪如今各类应对饮食相关慢性病的策略，都把超加工食品作为主要整治目标。A. no wonder难怪；B. a myth一个谬论；C. out of the question不可能；D. of little value几乎无价值。根据前文“from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression”说明超加工食品带来多种健康危害，因此将其列为管控重点是理所应当。 【26题详解】 考查名词短语。句意：把风味酸奶、全麦面包和蛋糕、含糖麦片一概而论，是错误的。A. boiled rice白米饭；B. raw meat生肉；C. flavored yogurt风味酸奶；D. meal set套餐。根据后文 “wholegrain bread”属于相对健康的超加工食品，选项里只有风味酸奶属于健康类超加工食品，和蛋糕、甜麦片形成好坏对比。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：说到超加工食品是如何导致体重增加的，近期研究发现，当超加工食品热量密度高或适口性极强时，人们往往会过量食用它们，这类食品含有多种营养素组合，而这些营养素在天然食物中通常不会同时存在，例如高盐高脂、碳水加盐、高糖高脂。A. overeating过量进食；B. overconsumed被过量食用；C. overweight超重的；D. undercooked未煮熟的。主语they指代UPFs（超加工食品），食品是“被人们过量食用”，使用被动含义的形容词。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. mix-match混搭；B. co-occur同时存在；C. break down分解；D. run out耗尽。根据前文“hyperpalatable (featuring pairs of nutrients”及后文“naturally — such as high salt and fat, carb and salt or sugar and fat”可知，此处解释高适口性食品的特点：多种不健康营养素天然不会一同出现。 【29题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：另一方面，如果一餐里的超加工食品热量密度低、适口性不强，人们就不会长胖。A. In the same way同理；B. On the flip side另一方面；C. As a result因此；D. In the meantime与此同时。根据前文“they tend to be  when energy dense (more calories per bite) or hyperpalatable”介绍高热量高适口性的UPFs会让人过量食用，本句介绍相反情况，存在转折对比逻辑。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过管控高热量密度、含有高适口性营养组合的超加工食品，我们可以聚焦引发饮食类疾病的主要有害品类。A. combinations组合；B. concentrations浓度；C. separations分离；D. classifications分类。根据前文“pairs of nutrients”多种营养素搭配，对应nutrient combinations表示“营养组合”。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为管控这类特定食品，我们必须出台一系列公共卫生政策，和控烟举措类似：营销限制、强制标识以及高额专项税。A. temporary临时的；B. permanent永久的；C. compulsory强制的；D. distinguishing有区分度的。根据前文“we must apply a battery of public health policies similar to those that cut tobacco consumption”可知，控烟领域要求烟草包装强制标注健康警示，对应食品领域强制标签。 【32题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：我们也要奖励那些生产更健康超加工食品的企业，比如全麦饼底、铺满蔬菜的冷冻披萨。A. more convenient更方便；B. less calorie dense热量密度更低；C. more wholesome更健康；D. less processed加工程度更低。根据后文“frozen, wholegrain-crust pizza topped with vegetables”举例的冷冻全麦蔬菜披萨属于改良后更健康的加工食品，政策奖励生产健康UPFs的厂商。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：前文提到的全麦面包、酸奶这类健康超加工食品，都不会成为此类管控政策的整治对象。A. success成功案例；B. origin源头；C. object物品；D. subject对象。根据前文“By targeting UPFs that have a high calorie density”及“ Some UPFs are already considered healthy by the FDA’s standard (again, think wholegrain bread or yogurt)”可知，政策的整治对象是高热量密度的超加工食品，全麦面包、酸奶这类健康超加工食品，不是此类管控政策的整治对象。 【34题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：这就是精准区分哪类超加工食品最可能危害人体健康十分重要的原因。A. specific about明确区分、精准界定；B. assured of确信；C. resistant to抵抗；D. indifferent to漠视。根据前文“By targeting UPFs that have a high calorie density”及“Some UPFs are already considered healthy by the FDA’s standard”强调不能一刀切，需要精准分辨有害 UPFs，因此要对有害品类做出清晰界定。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：因此我们应当摆脱恐慌心态，通过弄清部分超加工食品的危害机制并针对性管控，实现人与超加工食品良性共存。A. all-in全包；B. co-existence共存；C. inter-play相互作用；D. anti-stress抗压。根据前文“UPFs aren’t going anywhere for now”及后文“by understanding how some of them cause harm and act accordingly”可知，超加工食品无法彻底淘汰，需要管控有害品类，最终目标是达成人与加工食品和谐共存。 Section B Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The problem started when Petey called out, “Anyone want a baloney sandwich?” “You kidding? Your mom must hate you, giving you sandwiches like that.” Petey threw his sandwich bag at the critic, Andy, and the class cheered. Fight, fight, they said. I made the first sound of my teaching career: Hey. Four years of higher education at New York University and all I could think of was Hey. They ignored me, still hoping for a fight. I moved toward Petey and made my first teacher statement, “Stop throwing sandwiches.” Petey and the class looked surprised. This new teacher just stopped a good fight. New teachers are supposed to mind their own business or send for the principal or a dean and everyone knows it will be years before they come. More importantly, what are you gonna do with a teacher who tells you stop throwing sandwiches when you already threw the sandwich? From the back, Benny’s voice cut through: “He already threw it! No use telling him now don’t throw the sangwidge!” The class snickered, and I caught a boy muttering “stupid” under his breath. Anger pricked me, but I held it back — losing my temper would end my career. My college lectures had rambled on about educational philosophies and “nurturing the whole child,” not how to defuse a crisis sparked by a flying sandwich that had already turned the class into chaos. Professors of education at New York University never lectured on how to handle flying-sandwich situations. They talked about theories and philosophies of education, about moral and ethical imperatives, but never about critical moments in the classroom. The sandwich, in wax paper, lay halfway out of the bag. I picked it up. The aroma told me it was not any ordinary sandwich. This bread was firm enough to hold slices of a rich baloney, layered with slices of tomato, onions and peppers, charged with a tongue-dazzling relish. I ate the sandwich. Thirty-four sixteen-year-olds stared in disbelief, then their eyes softened into admiration — no teacher had ever dared eat a sandwich from the floor. I licked the oil from my fingers, sighed “Yum,” and flipped the wrapper into the trash bin. The class roared — “Wow!” “Man, that’s cool!” I stood tall, feeling like a champion. I thought I had them in the palm of my hand. Fine, except that I didn’t know what to do next. My students smiled till they saw the principal’s face framed in the door window. Bushy black eyebrows halfway up his forehead shaped a question. He opened the door and motioned me out. “A word, Mr. McCourt?” 36. Why were the students especially surprised when the teacher told Petey to “Stop throwing sandwiches”? A. Because they thought teachers should never interfere with students’ conflicts. B. Because the sandwich had already been thrown, so his words seemed meaningless. C. Because they believed the teacher would call the principal instead of saying anything. D. Because they thought the teacher would punish Petey immediately with strict discipline. 37. The teacher’s decision to eat the sandwich can best be understood as _______. A. An act of desperation to gain control of the class. B. A punishment meant to embarrass Petey in front of everyone C. A carefully planned strategy from his teacher training courses. D. A way to express his hunger and ignore the students’ behavior. 38. The underlined word “defuse” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______. A. fuel B. define C. confuse D. ease 39. The humor in the scene where the author eats the sandwich and later faces the principal lies in _______. A. the principal’s overreaction to a small incident of eating in class B. the students’ unexpected shift from ridicule to admiration for the teacher C. the author’s childish way of flipping the wrapper into the trash bin like a student D. the absurd contrast between the author’s moment of “triumph” and his coming trouble 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是作者刚入职当新老师时一段充满戏剧性的课堂经历。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“More importantly, what are you gonna do with a teacher who tells you stop throwing sandwiches when you already threw the sandwich?(更重要的是，当你说“别再扔三明治了”时，你已经扔了三明治，那还用得着老师来提醒你吗？)”可知，当老师让Petey “别再扔三明治了”时，学生们格外吃惊是因为三明治已经扔了，所以他的话似乎毫无意义。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thirty-four sixteen-year-olds stared in disbelief, then their eyes softened into admiration — no teacher had ever dared eat a sandwich from the floor. I licked the oil from my fingers, sighed “Yum,” and flipped the wrapper into the trash bin. The class roared — “Wow!” “Man, that’s cool!” I stood tall, feeling like a champion. I thought I had them in the palm of my hand.(三十四名十六岁的少年们瞪大了眼睛，满脸震惊，随后眼神转为钦佩——从来没有老师敢吃地上捡的三明治。我舔了舔手指上的油，叹了口气说“好吃啊”，然后把包装纸扔进了垃圾桶。全班同学齐声欢呼：“哇！”“天哪，太酷了！”我挺直了身子，感觉自己就像个冠军。我以为已经将他们牢牢掌握在掌心。)”可知，老师选择吃掉三明治，此举最恰当的解读是为掌控课堂而走投无路的做法。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“a crisis sparked by a flying sandwich that had already turned the class into chaos(一场因乱扔三明治引发、致使整个教室乱作一团的混乱局面)”可知，是要化解或处理混乱的局面，defuse的意思是“化解，使平息”，和ease意思相近。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I stood tall, feeling like a champion.(我挺直了身子，感觉自己就像个冠军。)”和最后一段“My students smiled till they saw the principal’s face framed in the door window. Bushy black eyebrows halfway up his forehead shaped a question. He opened the door and motioned me out. “A word, Mr. McCourt?”(我的学生们一直微笑，直到校长的面孔从门窗里映出。他额前一半处浓密的黑眉毛勾成了一个问号。他打开门，示意我出来。“Mr. McCourt，能和您谈几句吗？”)”可知，作者吃三明治后面对校长的场景中的幽默之处在于作者“胜利”的瞬间与随之而来的麻烦之间荒诞的对比。 (B) Climbing a mountain sounds simple — start at the bottom, walk up, and reach the top. But every experienced climber knows that nature has its own plan. The air grows thinner, temperatures drop, and storms can appear without warning. A morning that begins bright can end in fog, wind, and lightning. Wise climbers read the weather forecast and, more importantly, learn to read the sky itself. Clouds forming early on a humid day are not just pretty shapes; they’re warnings. The guidebook’s advice to start early isn’t superstition. Those who climb before dawn aren’t showing off — they’re avoiding trouble. Gear selection matters too: opt for waterproof, high-top hiking boots with thick rubber soles (to grip uneven surfaces) and a breathable, lightweight jacket (avoid cotton, which stays damp and causes hypothermia). Pack 1.5 liters of water per person for a 4-hour climb — dehydration worsens altitude-related discomfort, and note that most low-mountain areas see sunset between 5 PM and 6 PM in spring and autumn. Also pack high-energy snacks like unsalted nuts or energy bars (sugary treats lead to quick energy crashes). Preparation means more than food and good shoes. A headlamp might feel unnecessary on a short hike, but when fog slows your pace or sunset comes sooner than expected, it can be the tool that saves you. Maps that work without batteries, warm layers, and steady water intake are not signs of fear — they are proof of experience. Stick to marked trails at all times. Unknown shortcuts, even those seemingly “shorter” on informal maps, often cut through unstable terrain (e.g., loose soil or hidden ravines) and are a top cause of falls. Finally, share your detailed plan with a trusted person: include your starting point, intended route, and expected return time. For day climbs under 5 hours, a delay of 1.5-2 hours beyond your planned return may call for a check-in — try reaching the climber via phone first (if signal allows). However, if delays happen after sunset, or if the climb involves exposed terrain prone to night fog, alert local mountain rescue teams immediately, even if the delay is under 2 hours. Delays in seeking help increase risk of exposure, especially when temperatures drop sharply after dark. 40. Why is it risky to climb in the afternoon? A. The sunlight hides trail markings. B. The air is thicker, making breathing harder. C. The map signal becomes weaker under heat. D. Rocks may become unstable as the temperature rises. 41. Which of the following statements is true? A. A headlamp is useless for short mountain hikes. B. The weather in the mountainous area is changeable. C. Experienced hikers bring digital maps without batteries. D. Wise climbers check the weather forecast instead of reading the sky. 42. If Zhang Hua told his family he would set out on a 4-hour climb at 1 PM but was delayed until 7:30 PM, what should his family do according to the text? A. Immediately alert local mountain rescue teams. B. Take his planned route to search for him instantly. C. Bring warm cotton-padded clothes to go up the mountain to search immediately. D. First try to call him, then alert local mountain rescue teams if there’s no response. 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【导语】文章以简洁直观的图文结合形式，传递登山安全的关键知识。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“But every experienced climber knows that nature has its own plan. The air grows thinner, temperatures drop, and storms can appear without warning. A morning that begins bright can end in fog, wind, and lightning. (但每个有经验的登山者都知道大自然有自己的安排。空气变得稀薄，温度下降，风暴可能毫无征兆地出现。开始时晴朗的早晨可能以雾、风和闪电结束。)”和图片中的信息“Loose rocks and higher risk after midday (正午过后岩石松动，风险更高)”可知，山区天气多变、午后气温变化可能引发的自然环境变化，午后气温变化会使岩石稳定性下降，增加登山风险。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的描述“But every experienced climber knows that nature has its own plan. The air grows thinner, temperatures drop, and storms can appear without warning. A morning that begins bright can end in fog, wind, and lightning. (但每个有经验的登山者都知道大自然有自己的安排。空气变得稀薄，温度下降，风暴可能毫无征兆地出现。开始时晴朗的早晨可能以雾、风和闪电结束。)”可知，山区天气多变。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的描述“For day climbs under 5 hours, a delay of 1.5-2 hours beyond your planned return may call for a check-in — try reaching the climber via phone first (if signal allows). However, if delays happen after sunset, or if the climb involves exposed terrain prone to night fog, alert local mountain rescue teams immediately, even if the delay is under 2 hours. (对于5小时以内的日间登山，比计划返回时间延迟1.5到2小时可能需要核实情况——如果有信号，先尝试通过电话联系登山者。然而，如果延迟发生在日落之后，或者登山路线涉及容易起夜雾的开阔地形，即使延迟不到2小时，也要立即通知当地山地救援队。)”可知，张华计划4小时登山，1点出发，计划5点返回，延迟到7:30 PM，已经是日落之后，所以他的家人应该立即通知当地山地救援队。 (C) A brain structure that seems to influence food consumption could one day be targeted to enhance interventions for weight loss or gain. Studies have shown that activating neurons in this structure, called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) — located around the center of the brain and about the size of a sunflower seed in people — increases food intake in mice. In these foundational studies, this was typically achieved through techniques such as optogenetics, which uses light to control neurons in the BNST region. But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity. To learn more about its function, Charles Zuker and his colleagues first imaged the brains of mice while they drank water flavored with one of the five basic tastes — sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami. The researchers previously linked enjoying sweet tastes to activity in a region called the amygdala, and have now pinpointed neurons there that only became activated in response to sweet water. These neurons then activated others in the BNST, sometimes called the “extended amygdala”. This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona. The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water. Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes. But the researchers also found that artificial activation prompted mice to consume more water of any taste, including whether it was unflavoured, salty or bitter, despite them usually avoiding the latter taste. In further experiments, the team found that substantially more BNST neurons were activated by sweet and salty signals in hungry or salt-low mice, respectively, compared with those that were fed until they were full or had normal salt levels. This suggests that the BNST integrates signals for hunger and nutrient deficiency, in addition to taste, to determine food intake, says Cai. The findings are highly relevant to people, as our BNST is very similar to that of mice, says Cai. They suggest that developing drugs that activate BNST neurons could potentially help to encourage eating in people with a severe loss of appetite, he says. However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says. The study could also help us achieve better results with weight-loss treatments, such as the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. These can bind to neurons in the BNST, so a better understanding of how it alters food consumption could help us gain a clearer picture of how such drugs work, says Sarah Stern. 43. What was previously unknown about the BNST? A. Its location in the human brain B. Whether it receives taste signals C. Its function of increasing mice’s food intake D. The similarity of human BNST to the mouse BNST 44. What did the genetic engineering of mice’s BNST neurons reveal? A. Mice consume more of any water, regardless of the taste. B. Mice drank less sweet water when these neurons were not activated. C. The BNST has no connection to the amygdala’s taste-related neurons. D. Bitter taste became more appealing to mice even without neuron activation. 45. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A. BNST mainly relies on taste preferences to regulate eating behavior. B. The study proves semaglutide works only by binding to BNST neurons. C. Using BNST-activating drugs needs to be combined with targeting other brain feeding circuits. D. Prolonged use of BNST-activating drugs will damage other brain pathways related to food intake. 46. Which title best fits the passage? A. Area of brain behind food urges identified B. New findings to improve weight-loss drugs C. How hunger changes the activity of brain neurons D. Mice experiments: unlocking secrets of bitter taste avoidance 【答案】43. B 44. B 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了科研人员通过小鼠实验，发现终纹床核（BNST）这一大脑结构会接收味觉信号，整合饥饿、营养缺乏与味觉信息来调控进食量，该发现有望研发改善食欲、减重的相关药物，同时指出单独靶向该脑区存在局限。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第二段“But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity.(但当时人们并不清楚味觉是否会影响它的活动。)”以及原文第四段“This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona.(亚利桑那大学的Haijiang Cai表示，这是首个证明该脑区能接收味觉信号的证据。)”可知，此前人们不清楚 BNST是否接收味觉信号。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第五段“The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water.(随后研究人员想要弄清楚这些被激活的终纹床核神经元是否会影响进食量，于是他们对这些细胞进行了基因改造，让小鼠尝到甜味水时，这类神经元不会被激活。)”及“Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes.(在十分钟的观察期内，这些小鼠的饮用量远低于正常小鼠，这说明BNST神经元的激活会促进小鼠摄入甜味食物。)”可知，当这些神经元无法被激活时，小鼠饮用的甜味水更少。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段“However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says.(Cai表示，有十余条大脑通路都和进食行为相关，其中部分通路可能会抵消药物长期作用于BNST带来的改变，因此我们或许需要同时靶向多条进食相关神经回路。)”可知，使用激活BNST的药物需要结合靶向其他大脑进食回路的手段。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona.(亚利桑那大学的Haijiang Cai表示，这是首个证明该脑区能接收味觉信号的证据。)”及全文内容可知，文章围绕大脑BNST区域展开，阐述该脑区是调控进食欲望的关键结构，介绍相关小鼠实验、作用机制与临床应用前景，对应标题“Area of brain behind food urges identified (调控进食欲望的大脑区域被证实)” 最贴合全文核心内容。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Quiet Quitting Are you feeling burnt out and overwhelmed at work? You’re not alone. In fact, research shows that burnout is becoming increasingly common among young professionals, with many people silently struggling to keep up with the demands of their jobs. ____47____ This emerging trend has potentially widespread implications for the future of work, how people interact with their jobs, and what we see as an acceptable balance between work and home life. So how do you know if someone is quietly quitting? There are a few tell-tale signs to look out for in the workplace. You might notice that an employee who used to be highly engaged and motivated in their job suddenly becomes less interested in what they are doing. They might seem less enthusiastic about their work or less willing to take on new challenges or projects. They complete their core tasks but nothing more. ____48____ Another key sign of quiet quitting is a decline in the quality of work. Someone who is quietly quitting might start to produce below-standard work in comparison to what they have historically produced, or they might be less willing to put in the extra effort needed to meet the high standards of their job. ____49____ They’re turning up to work, but the effort that they are expending is minimal. ____50____ You might notice them withdrawing from social situations. Where they once attended social gatherings and seasonal parties, they now avoid these. You may see them less in the break room and find that they are increasingly quiet in meetings. A. A quiet quitter might also become more disengaged from their colleagues and less willing to collaborate. B. Even here, though, you might notice they start to miss deadlines or make mistakes they wouldn’t normally make. C. Each of these behaviors indicates a lack of investment, especially when compared to how engaged they were earlier. D. If people are quietly quitting all around you, maintaining your usual level of output will make you a stand-out member of your team. E. This has led to a new phenomenon known as “quiet quitting,” which refers to the subtle ways in which people disengage from their work. F. They may also start to arrive late or leave early, though this is usually paired with open complaints about their workload or manager. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了职场“静默离职”这一新兴现象，讲解其具体定义、各类职场表现及行为特征，帮助读者识别这一职场状态。 【47题详解】 上文“In fact, research shows that burnout is becoming increasingly common among young professionals, with many people silently struggling to keep up with the demands of their jobs.(事实上，研究表明，职业倦怠在年轻职场人中愈发普遍，许多人默默挣扎着应对工作需求)”点明职场倦怠的普遍现状，E选项“This has led to a new phenomenon known as “quiet quitting,” which refers to the subtle ways in which people disengage from their work.(这催生了一种名为“静默离职”的新现象，指人们以隐晦的方式脱离工作状态)”承接上文现状，引出文章核心话题“静默离职”，逻辑通顺。 【48题详解】 上文“They might seem less enthusiastic about their work or less willing to take on new challenges or projects. They complete their core tasks but nothing more.(他们对待工作似乎热情减退，也不愿接手新挑战或新项目。他们只完成本职核心工作，其余一概不做)”列举了静默离职的典型表现——只完成本职工作，B选项“Even here, though, you might notice they start to miss deadlines or make mistakes they wouldn’t normally make.(即便如此，你可能会发现他们开始延误工期、犯下以往不会出现的错误)”指出即使他们在完成本职工作，但也会出现延误工期、犯异常错误的情况，上下文语意连贯。 【49题详解】 上文“Someone who is quietly quitting might start to produce below-standard work in comparison to what they have historically produced, or they might be less willing to put in the extra effort needed to meet the high standards of their job.(陷入静默离职状态的人，工作成果会相较以往不达标，也不愿再付出额外努力达到工作高标准)”介绍了静默离职者工作质量下降的特点，C选项“Each of these behaviors indicates a lack of investment, especially when compared to how engaged they were earlier.(这些行为都体现出工作投入度的降低，尤其相较于他们此前积极投入的工作状态)”总结前文所有行为可能导致的结果，且引出下文“They’re turning up to work, but the effort that they are expending is minimal.(他们人虽然到岗，但付出的努力少之又少)”不积极的工作态度。 【50题详解】 设空处为本段总起句，下文“You might notice them withdrawing from social situations. Where they once attended social gatherings and seasonal parties, they now avoid these. You may see them less in the break room and find that they are increasingly quiet in meetings.(你可能会发现他们回避各类社交场合。从前他们会参加社交聚会和季节性派对，如今却刻意避开这些活动。你在休息室很少能见到他们，还会发现他们在会议上愈发沉默)”阐述员工回避职场社交、缺席聚会、避开休息室、会议沉默等社交疏离行为。A选项“A quiet quitter might also become more disengaged from their colleagues and less willing to collaborate.(陷入静默离职的人也会与同事愈发疏离，不愿合作)”总领本段内容，点明静默离职的另一核心特征 —— 职场社交脱节。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Music is instrumental in learning how to read Learning to play an instrument seems to boost reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that comprise words. They also showed better reading skills. In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of their brain to process music and speech, and sometimes they rely more on the right side. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. However, music training can also lead to specialization in the right hemisphere of the brain, fostering faster reading, she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 It was unclear how musical training improves early reading. A study of 57 children found the instrument learners outperformed non-musical peers in phonological awareness and reading skills. Brain scans showed lower left-brain language-center activity in instrument learners who still scored higher in reading, suggesting adult-like language processing. Experts say music training also promotes right brain specialization. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是此前音乐训练能提升儿童早期阅读能力的作用机制尚不明确，一项针对57名儿童的研究揭开了背后的原理，证实器乐学习能通过优化大脑语言处理模式，显著强化孩子的语音意识与阅读能力，相关发现也得到了学界专家的佐证支撑。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. ②To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. ③In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. ④“The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4两个背景与结论类要点进行整合，将第2、3两个核心实验发现要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 The long-unclear mechanism of how music training improves early reading has been uncovered by a new study. Instrument-learning children show better phonological awareness and reading skills with more adult-like language processing in the brain. Music training also promotes right-hemisphere specialization which can further speed up reading. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was unclear how musical training improves early reading. (运用了it作形式主语、how引导的主语从句) [高分句型2] Brain scans showed lower left-brain language-center activity in instrument learners who still scored higher in reading, suggesting adult-like language processing. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句以及现在分词suggesting作状语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 52. 愿你前路平坦，终能得偿所愿。（May）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】May your journey ahead be smooth, and you goals finally be achieved. 【解析】 【详解】此处为may表祝愿的固定倒装结构，固定结构为：May +名词/代词+动词原形+其他，表祝愿时may必须放在句首，无需额外加助动词；表示“前路平坦”译为your journey ahead be smooth；表示“终能得偿所愿”译为you goals finally be achieved。 53. 该国已投入大量资金推进军事现代化，以抵御敌人的入侵。(defend)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The country has invested heavily in modernizing its military to defend against the invasion of enemies. 【解析】 【详解】“该国”用The country作主语；“已投入大量资金”采用现在完成时, 用has invested heavily作谓语，副词heavily修饰 invested，体现 “大量（资金），“军事现代化”用modernize its military表示，invest in doing sth表示“投入资金/精力去做某事”，用动名词modernizing作宾语，“以抵御敌人的入侵”用不定式作目的状语，“抵御”用defend against表示，“入侵”用the invasion作宾语，“敌人的”用of enemies作后置定语修饰invasion。 54. 那座老车库在城市改造期间被拆除了，人们对它重获新生所抱有的所有希望，最终也化为了泡影。（reduce）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The old garage was knocked down/demolished during the urban renovation, and all hopes for its rebirth / revival were ultimately reduced to nothing. 【解析】 【详解】本句包含两层并列语义，用并列连词and连接两个分句即可，整体描述过去发生的事件，统一用一般过去时。第一分句的主语“老车库”表达为The old garage，谓语“拆除”用knock down/demolish，与主语是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，“在城市改造期间”表达为during the urban renovation；第二个分句的主语“对它重获新生所抱有的所有希望”表达为all hopes for its rebirth/revival；“最终”为“ultimately”；“化为泡影”用be reduced to nothing，主语是复数，be用were。 55. 数字使用的主要危害，与其说在于我们接收到的信息本身，不如说在于它对我们注意力持续时间和批判性思维能力的损害。(so much... as) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The primary danger of digital use lies not so much in the information we receive as in its damage to our attention span and critical thinking. 【解析】 【详解】句子应该是客观事实，时态宜用一般现在时；主语“数字使用的主要危害”可用名词短语the primary danger of digital use，谓语“在于”可用动词短语lie in，“与其说A，不如说B”可用同级比较结构not so much A as B，“我们接收到的信息”中“我们接收到的”是修饰the information“信息”的定语，可用省略关系代词that的限制性定语从句we receive表示，“它对……的损害”可用名词短语its damage to，“我们注意力持续时间和批判性思维能力”可用名词短语our attention span and critical thinking。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生会成员王敏，学校计划为高二年级组织一场为期3天的游学活动，核心目标是让历史“活”起来——不止于书本知识的记忆，更要通过场景沉浸与实践互动亲身“触摸”历史。 请给校长写一封邮件，汇报你的游学计划。邮件内容需包含： 1.简要介绍游学的主题、目的地及选择理由； 2.描述两项核心活动，说明其如何助力“让历史活起来”。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Principal, I’m Wang Min, a member of the Student Union. I’m writing to propose a 3-day study tour for Senior 2 students, themed “Bringing History to Life”. Aimed at going beyond rote textbook memorization, we choose the local ancient town and its archaeological museum, where well-preserved relics match our textbook content closely, letting students experience history firsthand. Two core activities are carefully designed. For one thing, a hands-on archaeological workshop allows students to sort cultural relic replicas under professional guidance, turning passive rote learning into active exploration so that they can literally “touch” real history. For another, immersive role-play of ancient daily life helps students grasp historical context deeply instead of merely memorizing isolated facts. This tour will effectively fuel students’ lasting interest in history and improve their practical skills. We sincerely hope for your kind approval. Yours sincerely, Wang Min 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学学生会成员王敏的身份向校长汇报游学计划。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choose → select 分类：sort → classify 领会：grasp → perceive 有效地：effectively → efficiently 2.句式拓展 简单句转换为复合句 原句：I’m writing to propose a 3-day study tour for Senior 2 students, themed “Bringing History to Life”. 拓展句：I’m writing to propose a 3-day study tour for Senior 2 students, whose theme is “Bringing History to Life”.  【点睛】【高分句型1】Aimed at going beyond rote textbook memorization, we choose the local ancient town and its archaeological museum, where well-preserved relics match our textbook content closely, letting students experience history firsthand.(运用了过去分词短语作状语，非限制性定语从句和现在分词短语作状语) 【高分句型2】For one thing, a hands-on archaeological workshop allows students to sort cultural relic replicas under professional guidance, turning passive rote learning into active exploration so that they can literally “touch” real history.(运用了现在分词短语作状语和so that引导的目的状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $