Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元复习作业（学生版和教师版）+倡议信写作指导 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

南昌高英 传承 务实 创新 倡议信写作指导（防灾避险主题） 一、核心认知 （一）定义与应用场景 这是一封倡议信，也是一种面向特定群体（全校同学）发出公开呼吁的应用文体。其核心功能是宣传理念、发出号召、提出具体行动方案，以达到提高防灾意识、促成行为改变的目的。语气应正式、恳切、富有感召力，同时兼具实用性和说服力。 （二）考纲要求与命题特点 考纲核心要点 格式：严格遵循公开信格式，包含称呼、开头、正文、结尾、署名。 内容：背景/目的必须清晰；建议/倡议需具体、可行、有针对性（针对校园或学生生活）；呼吁/展望要简洁有力。内容紧扣“科学防灾、安全避险”主题。 语言：在保证语法正确、逻辑清晰的基础上，必须灵活运用指定句型，以展示语言运用能力。词数需控制在80左右。 高考命题规律：此类任务通常模拟真实校园或社会情境，要求考生就某一公共议题（如安全、环保、健康）提出倡议。评分时，除了内容要点的完整性，会特别关注高级句型的正确运用以及语言的连贯性和得体性。 二、写作框架（针对防灾倡议信优化） 第一段：背景与目的 (Introduction) 功能定位：交代写作缘由，点明倡议主题，引发读者共鸣。 常用启动句： 1. It’s of great importance for us to learn to protect ourselves in disasters. I’m writing to call on everyone to take action. (强调重要性并发出呼吁) 2. As the International Day for Disaster Reduction is approaching, I'd like to share some safety tips on scientific disaster prevention. (点明背景并提出建议) 核心语块： 1. International Day for Disaster Reduction (国际减灾日) 2. raise safety awareness (提高安全意识) 3. face natural disasters calmly and correctly (冷静、正确地面对自然灾害) 第二段：具体建议 (Suggestions) 功能定位：提出清晰、具体、可操作的建议。必须包含至少两条，并最好说明其益处。 核心结构与衔接技巧： 并列式：Here are some practical suggestions. First, ...（建议1）... Second, ...（建议2）... 主次式：Two things are most important. Firstly, ...（预警准备）... What's more, ...（冷静避险）... 建议内容与扩展： 重视预警与准备： 建议内容：Always pay attention to weather warnings and know the escape routes in our school. 扩展/益处：This can help you react quickly and avoid danger. 保持冷静，规范避险： 建议内容：Whenever a disaster strikes, stay calm. Remember to drop, cover, and hold on during an earthquake.. 扩展/益处：Only by staying calm can you make the right decisions to protect yourself. 学习自救技能，认真参加演练： 建议内容：Take part in safety drills seriously and learn some basic first-aid skills. 扩展/益处：The more you practice, the safer you will be in a real situation. 高级句型应用示例（从题干列表中任选3种）： Not only should we know the theory, but we also need to practice regularly. (not only...but also...) The more safety knowledge you have, the better you can protect yourself. (The + 比较级，the + 比较级) It is very important for us to prepare an emergency kit at home. (It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.) Whenever you hear the fire alarm, leave the building quickly and orderly. (Whenever) What matters most is to avoid panic and act wisely. (What主语从句). Only by preparing in advance can we reduce the risks. (Only + 倒装) 第三段：总结鼓励 (Encouragement) 功能定位：总结倡议，发出强烈呼吁，表达美好期望。 典型结束句： 1.I believe these suggestions will help you stay safe. Let's work together to build a safer campus! 2.Safety always comes first. I hope everyone can take these tips seriously and protect yourselves well. 三、高级句型（直接可背/用） （一）开头句型 1. It is of great importance to keep safe when disasters happen, so I’m writing to offer you some practical advice. （强调重要性+表明目的） 2. As we all know, disasters can be dangerous, and knowing how to protect ourselves is necessary. Therefore, I’d like to share some tips. （普遍认知+引出建议） （二）主体建议句型 1. First of all, it is essential for us to pay attention to disaster warnings and get prepared early.（使用“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.” 结构） 2. I suggest that you (should) stay calm and not run wildly when facing danger.（使用“suggest that...”虚拟语气） 3. The more you take part in escape drills, the better you can act properly in real situations. （使用“The more..., the more...” 结构） 4. What we should remember is to learn basic self-rescue skills, which can help us a lot in trouble.（使用“What 主语从句”） （三）结尾句型 1. I believe these tips will be helpful for you to stay away from danger. （表达信念） 2. Only if we master safety skills can we protect ourselves well.（使用“Only if”倒装句强调条件） 3. Let’s act now and make our school a safer place for everyone!（发出行动号召） 四、高考真题回顾 试题信息汇总 体裁 试题来源 话题 课文相关单元 建议信 2025 年全国I卷 为英文报新增栏目选择并说明理由 必修一Unit 1 Teenage Life 必修二Unit3 The Internet 2025年八省联考 提供乒乓球学习的建议 必修一Unit3 Sports and Fitness 2024北京卷 给外国朋友介绍中国的发展成就的建议 必修二Unit4 History And Traditions 2023年新高考I&II卷 给外教提口语练习分组建议 必修一Unit5 Language Around The World 2023年北京卷 给英国好友Jim策划“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动的建议 选必三Unit3 Environmental Protection 2019年北京卷 给英国好友来中国旅游的建议 必修一Unit2 Travelling Around 选必二Unit4 Journey Across a Vast Land 选必四Unit2 Iconic Attractions 2018年全国Ⅰ卷 给新西兰朋友去中国朋友家做客的建议 必修三Unit3 Diverse Cultures 选必一Unit4 Body Language 选必二Unit2 Bridging Cultures 选必二Unit3 Food and Cultures 2018年北京卷 欢迎英国朋友来中国上大学，推荐大学并建议准备工作 必修一Welcome Unit 2017年北京卷 给外国朋友建议来中国旅行的路线 必修一Unit2 Travelling Around 必修二Unit1 Cultural Heritage 选必二Unit4 Journey Across a Vast Land 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语（人教版）必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 单元复习作业（教师版） 情境创设： 学校“国际减灾日”宣传周启动，李华作为校园安全志愿者，需要完成一系列挑战：积累灾害主题词汇、分析真实案例、反思错误行为、规划避险方案，最终撰写一封面向全校的防灾倡议信。请跟随李华的步伐，完成本单元复习任务。 Part I 词汇储备站 —— 夯实灾害主题语言基础 一份有说服力的倡议信，离不开精准、专业的语言。在动笔之前，我们必须先储备好描述灾害、应对与救援的核心词汇。这是你闯关之旅的“新手村”，请完成以下两项词汇挑战，为李华的倡议信准备好最基础的“语言弹药”。 一、防灾救援关键词闯关 首先，让我们从单个“词汇零件”开始打磨。请在句子中填入最恰当的单词，确保能准确描绘灾害的影响、官方的应对和个人的行动。这是构建你知识体系的第一块基石。 1. The earthquake caused serious damage (damage) to roads and bridges.（描述灾害后果，突出破坏的对象与范围） 2. People were deeply shocked (shock) by the sudden disaster.（描述灾后普遍感受，强调心理冲击） 3. We must learn how to evacuate (evacuate) a building safely.（提出核心技能需求，聚焦疏散行为） 4. The government set up temporary shelters (shelter) for the homeless.（描述政府应急响应措施，聚焦安置方式） 5. A long period of dry weather led to a severe drought (干旱).（阐述一种灾害的成因与结果，点明灾害类型） 6. Many survivors (幸存者) were pulled out from the ruins.（描述灾后救援的核心目标人群） 7. The heavy rain triggered a dangerous flood (flood).（阐述灾害链，点明一种次生灾害） 8. The disaster affected (affect) more than 10,000 local families.（量化灾害影响，说明波及的人口规模） 二、防灾救援词汇拼图 掌握了精准的“零件”后，让我们尝试组装更复杂的“语句构件”。请根据中文意思，补全下列句子。这一步将训练你如何将词汇融入实际语境，流畅地陈述事实、转述建议或描述救援行动，为后续撰写倡议信积累地道的表达方式。 1.火山喷发导致数百人无家可归，这让我们意识到自然灾害的破坏力。 The volcanic eruption left hundreds of people homeless, making us realize the destructive power of natural disasters.（描述灾害后果，引出核心反思） 2.老师建议我们熟悉逃生路线，并在地震来临时保持冷静。 Our teacher recommends that we be familiar with the escape routes and stay calm when an earthquake hits.（转述他人建议，强调具体应对步骤） 3.志愿者们为受灾群众提供食物和医疗帮助，帮助他们重建家园。 Volunteers provided food and medical aid to the disaster-hit people and helped them rebuild their homes.（描述救援行动，强调“帮助”的不同方面） 4.提前准备应急物资不仅能保护自己，还能帮助他人。 Preparing emergency supplies in advance can not only protect ourselves but also help others.（使用连词，阐述准备工作的双重益处） 5.李华认为，防灾的关键是科学应对，而不是盲目恐慌。 Li Hua believes that the key to disaster prevention is to respond scientifically, rather than panic blindly.（对比正确与错误行为，点明防灾核心态度） 6.地震发生后，150,000名士兵被派往唐山挖掘被困人员。 After the earthquake, 150,000 soldiers were sent to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped.（对比主动救援与被动等待，强调行动规模与目的） 7.如果你被困在废墟中，不要失去希望，耐心等待救援。 If you are trapped in the ruins, don't lose hope and wait for rescue patiently.（描述假设性避险场景，强调行动规模与目的） Part II 阅读与思辨 —— 理解灾害，反思行为 1、 阅读真实事件，回答问题 首先，让我们将目光投向世界。阅读这篇关于2023年土耳其-叙利亚大地震的报道，分析这场特大灾害带来的全方位冲击。请你完成阅读题目，并思考：这场灾难暴露了哪些关键问题？它为我们提供了哪些关乎建筑、预警和准备的深刻教训？这些思考将成为你倡议信中“为什么要做”的有力论据。 【原创试题】改编自https://www.discountmags.com/magazine（2023年土耳其地震真实事件） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Devastating Earthquake in 2023 In the early hours of February 6, 2023, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck southeastern Turkey and northern Syria. The earthquake and its powerful aftershocks claimed over 50,000 lives, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters of the 21st century. The disaster destroyed or severely damaged more than 160,000 buildings, leaving an estimated 1.5 million people homeless in the middle of a harsh winter. International rescue teams from more than 80 countries immediately rushed to the affected regions. However, their efforts were severely hampered by freezing temperatures, heavy snow, and widespread damage to roads and airports. Many survivors were forced to live in tents, makeshift shelters, or even in their cars amid freezing conditions. The lack of clean water, sanitation, and adequate medical supplies raised serious concerns about public health in the weeks following the quake. This tragedy highlighted the critical importance of earthquake-resistant construction, especially in regions known to be seismically active. Many of the collapsed buildings were found to have been constructed with poor-quality materials or without proper engineering standards. Furthermore, the event underscored the urgent need for reliable early warning systems and comprehensive disaster preparedness plans at both governmental and community levels. Experts emphasized that while earthquakes cannot be prevented, their devastating impacts can be significantly reduced through science, planning, and public education. 1. What was a major obstacle to international rescue efforts after the earthquake? A. Refusal of help from local governments. B. Language barriers between rescuers and survivors. C. Freezing weather and damaged transportation infrastructure. D. Shortage of volunteer rescuers from neighboring countries. 2. According to the passage, what was a significant public health concern after the disaster? A. Spread of rare tropical diseases. B. Lack of mental health professionals. C. Shortage of food distribution centers. D. Absence of clean water and proper sanitation. 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the building collapses? A. Use of low-quality construction materials. B. High population density in urban areas. C. Lack of proper engineering standards. D. Location in a seismically active region. 4. What does the author suggest about earthquakes in the last paragraph? A. They are becoming more frequent worldwide. B. Their most severe impacts are unavoidable. C. Their destructive effects can be minimized through preparedness. D. They mainly affect developing countries with poor governance. 【答案】1-4 CDBC 5. 阅读表达 If you were a survivor of the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake, which lesson mentioned in the passage would you consider the most important for other earthquake-prone regions to learn? Why? (Please answer in one or two sentences.) I would consider earthquake-resistant construction the most important lesson, because using poor-quality materials and improper engineering standards caused most building collapses, which directly led to massive casualties and homelessness. 6. 主题词汇提取 —— 描写“地震灾害与救援” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 灾害严重性 claim over 50,000 lives 夺走5万多条生命 destroy or severely damage buildings 摧毁或严重损坏建筑物 leave 1.5 million people homeless 使150万人无家可归 救援障碍 freezing temperatures and heavy snow 冰冻温度和暴雪 damaged roads and airports 受损的道路和机场 lack of clean water and sanitation 缺乏清洁水和卫生设施 建筑与防灾问题 earthquake-resistant construction 抗震建筑 poor-quality materials 劣质材料 lack of proper engineering standards 缺乏适当的工程标准 防灾启示 early warning systems 预警系统 disaster preparedness plans 灾害准备计划 二、完形填空 —— 一次真实的转变 了解了宏观教训，再来看看微观的个人成长。阅读这篇讲述一位青少年从忽视安全到主动防灾的转变故事。通过补全文章，你将亲历主人公从恐慌到自信的心路历程，并学习“蹲下、掩护、抓牢”等具体的自救技能。这个故事将是倡议信中“榜样力量”的生动素材。 【原创试题】改编自美国青少年杂志《The Week Junior》2025年9月19日刊 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I used to think disasters would never happen to me. I never paid any attention to safety drills or warnings. One day, a fire drill was held at my school. I laughed and walked slowly in the classroom, not taking it 1 . Suddenly, the alarm went off, and I panicked. I didn’t know 2 to go. A teacher grabbed my hand and led me to the 3 point. I felt 4 but also lucky. That day, I decided to change. I started learning 5 rescue skills. I practiced “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” at home. I also prepared a small emergency 6 with water, food, and a flashlight. I learned that 7 calm is the first step to survival. My parents were 8 of me for taking safety seriously. A few weeks later, a real earthquake struck our town. When the shaking 9 , I didn’t run outside. Instead, I dropped under my desk and 10 my head with my hands. After the shaking stopped, I 11 the building quickly and orderly. I even helped a younger student who was 12 and crying. Now, I feel much more 13 . I know that being prepared is not about being scared—it’s about being smart. I often share my experience with classmates who still 14 safety drills. I tell them, “The more you practice, the 15 you will be.” 1. A. seriously B. easily C. carefully D. luckily 2. A. what B. where C. when D. why 3. A. safe B. high C. cold D. dark 4. A. excited B. proud C. embarrassed D. relaxed 5. A. basic B. difficult C. expensive D. advanced 6. A. bag B. kit C. box D. case 7. A. staying B. staying C. to stay D. stayed 8. A. afraid B. tired C. proud D. ashamed 9. A. started B. continued C. stopped D. increased 10. A. covered B. touched C. washed D. shook 11. A. entered B. built C. damaged D. evacuated 12. A. scared B. happy C. angry D. sleepy 13. A. nervous B. confident C. worried D. strange 14. A. take part in B. give up C. laugh at D. prepare for 15. A. safer B. busier C. richer D. weaker 16. 主题词汇提取 —— 描写“从忽视到主动防灾” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 最初忽视态度 not take seriously 不认真对待 laugh at safety drills 嘲笑安全演习 panic 恐慌 紧急帮助与感受 grab my hand 抓住我的手 safe point 安全地点 feel embarrassed 感到尴尬 学习主动防灾 learn basic rescue skills 学习基本救援技能 Drop, Cover, and Hold On 蹲下、掩护、抓牢 emergency kit 应急包 stay calm 保持冷静 成功应对与成长 drop under the desk 蹲在桌子下 cover head with hands 用手保护头部 evacuate quickly and orderly 快速有序疏散 Part III 写作实战 —— 成为防灾倡议者 模拟任务展示厅 智囊团的使命来到最后一步！请你以校园安全志愿者李华的身份，整合你在前面所有环节中积累的词汇、汲取的教训、学习的方法和打磨的句式，正式撰写一封倡议信。用你的文字，呼吁全校同学科学防灾、安全避险，共同守护我们珍贵的校园与生命。请开始你的创作！ 你（李华）是校园安全志愿者。在国际减灾日来临之际，请你给全校同学写一封倡议信，主题为“Learn to Protect Ourselves in Disasters”，呼吁大家科学防灾、安全避险。 内容包括：1. 写信背景和目的；2.具体建议；3.表达期待。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 3. 句式要求（请至少运用以下三种）： ·not only... but also... ·the + 比较级，the + 比较级 ·It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. Dear fellow students, Yours, Li Hua Sample 1 (90 words) Dear fellow students, International Day for Disaster Reduction, which falls on October 13th, is approaching. I'm writing to emphasize that we all need to learn scientific ways to protect ourselves. （背景引入+写信目的）Remember, the more you prepare, the safer you will be. （核心观点：防灾意义）Here are two key suggestions: first, it is essential for everyone to know the escape routes in our school buildings. （具体建议1：熟悉逃生路线）Second, not only should you stay calm in a disaster, but you should also remember to drop, cover, and hold on immediately during an earthquake. （具体建议2：冷静+标准避险动作）Let's take drills seriously, follow instructions, and help each other, so we can build a safer campus together.（呼吁号召） Yours sincerely, Li Hua 使用句式：定语从句，宾语从句，比较状语从句，it作形式主语，祈使句，并列句。 Sample 2 (120 words) Dear fellow students, As the International Day for Disaster Reduction is around the corner, I'm writing to emphasize the importance of learning scientific disaster prevention.（背景引入+写信目的）What matters most is being prepared before disasters strike. （核心观点：预防为主）The more knowledge you have, the better you can protect yourself and others.（防灾意义：知识的重要性）It is crucial for us to take safety drills seriously. （具体建议1：认真对待演练）Not only should we know the theory, but we also need regular practice.（具体建议2：理论与实践结合）Whenever an earthquake occurs, remember to drop, cover, and hold on immediately.（具体建议3：标准避险动作）Only by staying calm can we make wise decisions.（具体建议4：冷静的重要性）Let's work together to make our school a safer place for everyone!（呼吁号召） Yours sincerely, Li Hua 使用句式：时间状语从句，主语从句，比较状语从句，it作形式主语，并列句，倒装句。 【详细解答】 Part II 阅读与思辨 —— 理解灾害，反思行为 一、阅读真实事件，回答问题 【语篇导读】本文报道了2023年2月6日土耳其-叙利亚7.8级强震及其惨重后果：超5万人遇难、16万栋建筑损毁、150万人寒冬中无家可归。国际救援受阻于严寒、大雪及基础设施瘫痪，幸存者面临缺水、缺医和卫生危机。文章由此引出核心反思：抗震建筑标准、材料质量监管、预警系统与全民防灾预案的重要性，强调科学减灾的可行性。 【解析】 1. C 细节理解题。定位到原文第二段：“their efforts were severely hampered by freezing temperatures, heavy snow, and widespread damage to roads and airports”。该句明确列出极寒天气、大雪以及道路和机场的广泛损毁共同阻碍了救援工作，与选项C“Freezing weather and damaged transportation infrastructure”完全对应。故选C。 2. D 细节理解题。定位到原文第二段：“The lack of clean water, sanitation, and adequate medical supplies raised serious concerns about public health”。该句直接指出清洁水源、卫生设施和医疗用品的匮乏引发了公共卫生方面的严重担忧，与选项D“Absence of clean water and proper sanitation”一致。故选D。 3. B 细节理解题。题目要求找出“未被提及”的倒塌原因。原文第三段提到了“poor-quality materials”（A选项）、“without proper engineering standards”（C选项）以及“regions known to be seismically active”（D选项，即地震活跃区本身并非倒塌原因，但该区域存在建筑质量问题），而“High population density in urban areas”（B选项，城市高人口密度）在文中完全没有出现。故选B。 4. C 观点态度题。定位到原文最后一段：“while earthquakes cannot be prevented, their devastating impacts can be significantly reduced through science, planning, and public education”。作者明确指出地震虽无法避免，但其破坏性影响可以通过科学、规划和公共教育显著降低，这与选项C“Their destructive effects can be minimized through preparedness”所表达的“通过备灾将破坏最小化”意思一致。故选C。 二、完形填空 —— 一次真实的转变 【语篇导读】本文以第一人称讲述了一个学生从忽视安全演练到经历真实地震后成功自救并助人的成长故事。起初“我”对消防演习不以为意，直到警报响起才意识到恐慌与无助。此后，“我”主动学习避险技能、准备应急包，并在地震来临时冷静执行“伏地、遮挡、抓牢”原则，有序撤离、帮助他人。 【解析】 1. A 考查固定搭配与语境理解。句意：我笑着慢慢走，没有认真对待。 “take ... seriously” 是固定搭配，意为“认真对待”，与上文“I never paid attention to safety drills”形成语义呼应，说明“我”过去对安全演习的态度是轻视的。故选A。 2. B 考查疑问词+不定式结构。句意：我不知道该去哪里。 “where to go” 表示“去哪里”，符合警报响起后恐慌、不知逃生方向的语境。其他选项“what to do”（做什么）、“when to go”（何时去）、“why to go”（为何去）均不符合此时对“地点”的困惑。故选B。 3. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位老师抓住我的手，把我带到安全点。 “safe point” 意为“安全集合点”，是消防演习中师生应前往的指定地点。 “high point”（高点）、“cold point”（冷点）、“dark point”（黑暗点）均不符合演习场景。故选A。 4. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到尴尬但也幸运。前文描写“我”因不认真对待演习而在警报响起时惊慌失措、不知去向，这种在众人面前出丑的处境应产生“尴尬”的情绪，与后文“but also lucky”（被老师解救）形成转折关系。“excited”（兴奋）、“proud”（自豪）、“relaxed”（放松）均不符合此时的心理状态。故选C。 5. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始学习基本的救援技能。 “basic rescue skills” 指“基本的救援技能”，与“我”从零开始的初学者身份相符，且后文列举的“Drop, Cover, and Hold On”属于基础避险动作。“difficult”（困难的）、“expensive”（昂贵的）、“advanced”（高级的）均不符合从无到有的学习逻辑。故选A。 6. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还准备了一个小应急包，里面有水、食物和手电筒。 “emergency kit” 是固定表达，专指装有应急物资的“应急包/应急箱”。“bag”（普通包）、“box”（盒子）、“case”（箱子）均不如“kit”在灾难防范语境中准确。故选B。 7. A 考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：我了解到保持冷静是生存的第一步。 “staying calm” 是动名词短语作主语，表示“保持冷静”这一行为。选项B与A重复（原文选项B印刷为“staying”系拼写重复错误）， “to stay” 为不定式通常表示具体动作或目的， “stayed” 为过去分词不能作主语。故选A。 8. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的父母为我认真对待安全而感到自豪。 “proud of” 是固定搭配，意为“为……感到骄傲”。父母看到“我”从轻视安全转变为主动学习技能，应是积极肯定的态度。“afraid of”（害怕）、“tired of”（厌倦）、“ashamed of”（羞愧）均不符合亲子关系中的鼓励氛围。故选C。 9. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当摇晃开始时，我没有跑到外面。 “when the shaking started” 指地震“开始时”，引出“我”的正确避险动作。 “continued”（继续）、“stopped”（停止）、“increased”（增强）在时间逻辑上均不构成避险动作的触发点。故选A。 10. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我蹲到桌子下面，用手护住头部。 “covered my head with my hands” 是地震标准避险动作“用手护住头”，目的是防止坠落物砸伤。“touched”（触摸）、“washed”（清洗）、“shook”（摇晃）均不能体现保护意图。故选A。 11. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：摇晃停止后，我快速有序地撤离了建筑物。 “evacuated the building” 意为“撤离建筑物”，是地震主震过后、有余震风险时的正确做法。“entered”（进入）、“built”（建造）、“damaged”（损坏）均不符合安全逃生场景。故选D。 12. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我甚至帮助了一个害怕哭泣的年纪较小的学生。 “scared” 意为“害怕的”，年幼学生经历地震后感到恐惧而哭泣符合常理。“happy”（开心的）、“angry”（生气的）、“sleepy”（困倦的）均与地震后的应激反应不符。故选A。 13. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我感到自信多了。从最初忽视安全、演习时出丑，到主动学习技能、最终成功应对真实地震并帮助他人，“我”完成了从无知到有能的转变，因此感到更加“自信”。“nervous”（紧张）、“worried”（担忧）、“strange”（陌生）均为负面或中性情绪，不符合成长后的积极心态。故选B。 14. C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我经常与那些仍然嘲笑安全演习的同学分享我的经历。 “laugh at” 意为“嘲笑”，与文章开头“I laughed”形成同词呼应，说明有些同学和过去的“我”一样轻视演习。“take part in”（参加）、“give up”（放弃）、“prepare for”（为……准备）均不符合对演习的消极态度。故选C。 15. A 考查形容词比较级。句意：你练习得越多，你就会越安全。 “the more..., the safer...” 为“越……就越……”结构，强调练习频率与安全程度之间的正比关系，与灾难防范的主题紧密契合。“busier”（更忙）、“richer”（更富）、“weaker”（更弱）均不构成有逻辑的因果关联。故选A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语（人教版）必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 单元复习作业（ 学生版） 情境创设： 学校“国际减灾日”宣传周启动，李华作为校园安全志愿者，需要完成一系列挑战：积累灾害主题词汇、分析真实案例、反思错误行为、规划避险方案，最终撰写一封面向全校的防灾倡议信。请跟随李华的步伐，完成本单元复习任务。 Part I 词汇储备站 —— 夯实灾害主题语言基础 一份有说服力的倡议信，离不开精准、专业的语言。在动笔之前，我们必须先储备好描述灾害、应对与救援的核心词汇。这是你闯关之旅的“新手村”，请完成以下两项词汇挑战，为李华的倡议信准备好最基础的“语言弹药”。 一、防灾救援关键词闯关 首先，让我们从单个“词汇零件”开始打磨。请在句子中填入最恰当的单词，确保能准确描绘灾害的影响、官方的应对和个人的行动。这是构建你知识体系的第一块基石。 1. The earthquake caused serious _______ (damage) to roads and bridges.（描述灾害后果，突出破坏的对象与范围） 2. People were deeply _______ (shock) by the sudden disaster.（描述灾后普遍感受，强调心理冲击） 3. We must learn how to _______ (evacuate) a building safely.（提出核心技能需求，聚焦疏散行为） 4. The government set up temporary _______ (shelter) for the homeless.（描述政府应急响应措施，聚焦安置方式） 5. A long period of dry weather led to a severe _______ (干旱).（阐述一种灾害的成因与结果，点明灾害类型） 6. Many _______ (幸存者) were pulled out from the ruins.（描述灾后救援的核心目标人群） 7. The heavy rain triggered a dangerous _______ (flood).（阐述灾害链，点明一种次生灾害） 8. The disaster _______ (affect) more than 10,000 local families.（量化灾害影响，说明波及的人口规模） 9. The volcanic _______ (erupt) covered the town with ash and dust.（描述特定灾害现象，突出其过程与直接后果） 10. Firefighters worked for hours to _______ (rescue) people trapped in the building.（描述救援人员的核心工作与目的） 11. The strong wind _______ (destroy) nearly all the crops in the field.（描述灾害对不同对象的破坏程度，聚焦农业损失） 12. A lack of clean water can seriously _______ (影响) people's health after a disaster.（阐述灾后次生风险，聚焦卫生隐患的长期影响） 13. During the storm, we had to run to find _______ (庇护所) from the rain.（描述个人紧急避险时的核心需求） 14. The government issued a typhoon _______ (warning) two days before it arrived.（描述预警机制，强调行动前的关键信息） 15. It took years for the city to fully _______ (复苏) from the earthquake.（阐述灾后恢复的长期性与艰巨性） 二、防灾救援词汇拼图 掌握了精准的“零件”后，让我们尝试组装更复杂的“语句构件”。请根据中文意思，补全下列句子。这一步将训练你如何将词汇融入实际语境，流畅地陈述事实、转述建议或描述救援行动，为后续撰写倡议信积累地道的表达方式。 1. 火山喷发导致数百人无家可归，这让我们意识到自然灾害的破坏力。 The volcanic eruption ______________________, making us realize ______________________.（描述灾害后果，引出核心反思） 2. 老师建议我们熟悉逃生路线，并在地震来临时保持冷静。 Our teacher recommends that we ______________________ and ______ when an earthquake hits.（转述他人建议，强调具体应对步骤） 3. 志愿者们为受灾群众提供食物和医疗帮助，帮助他们重建家园。 Volunteers ______________________to the ______ people and ______________________.（描述救援行动，强调“帮助”的不同方面） 4. 提前准备应急物资不仅能保护自己，还能帮助他人。 Preparing emergency supplies in advance can ________________________________________ .（使用连词，阐述准备工作的双重益处） 5. 李华认为，防灾的关键是科学应对，而不是盲目恐慌。 Li Hua believes that ______________________ is to respond ______, rather than ____________.（对比正确与错误行为，点明防灾核心态度） 6. 地震发生后，150,000名士兵被派往唐山挖掘被困人员。 After the earthquake, 150,000 soldiers ______ to Tangshan to ___________________________.（对比主动救援与被动等待，强调行动规模与目的） 7. 如果你被困在废墟中，不要失去希望，耐心等待救援。 If you are ________________________, don't lose hope and _____________________________.（描述假设性避险场景，强调行动规模与目的） Part II 阅读与思辨 —— 理解灾害，反思行为 一、阅读真实事件，回答问题 首先，让我们将目光投向世界。阅读这篇关于2023年土耳其-叙利亚大地震的报道，分析这场特大灾害带来的全方位冲击。请你完成阅读题目，并思考：这场灾难暴露了哪些关键问题？它为我们提供了哪些关乎建筑、预警和准备的深刻教训？这些思考将成为你倡议信中“为什么要做”的有力论据。 【原创试题】改编自https://www.discountmags.com/magazine（2023年土耳其地震真实事件） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Devastating Earthquake in 2023 In the early hours of February 6, 2023, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck southeastern Turkey and northern Syria. The earthquake and its powerful aftershocks claimed over 50,000 lives, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters of the 21st century. The disaster destroyed or severely damaged more than 160,000 buildings, leaving an estimated 1.5 million people homeless in the middle of a harsh winter. International rescue teams from more than 80 countries immediately rushed to the affected regions. However, their efforts were severely hampered by freezing temperatures, heavy snow, and widespread damage to roads and airports. Many survivors were forced to live in tents, makeshift shelters, or even in their cars amid freezing conditions. The lack of clean water, sanitation, and adequate medical supplies raised serious concerns about public health in the weeks following the quake. This tragedy highlighted the critical importance of earthquake-resistant construction, especially in regions known to be seismically active. Many of the collapsed buildings were found to have been constructed with poor-quality materials or without proper engineering standards. Furthermore, the event underscored the urgent need for reliable early warning systems and comprehensive disaster preparedness plans at both governmental and community levels. Experts emphasized that while earthquakes cannot be prevented, their devastating impacts can be significantly reduced through science, planning, and public education. 1. What was a major obstacle to international rescue efforts after the earthquake? A. Refusal of help from local governments. B. Language barriers between rescuers and survivors. C. Freezing weather and damaged transportation infrastructure. D. Shortage of volunteer rescuers from neighboring countries. 2. According to the passage, what was a significant public health concern after the disaster? A. Spread of rare tropical diseases. B. Lack of mental health professionals. C. Shortage of food distribution centers. D. Absence of clean water and proper sanitation. 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the building collapses? A. Use of low-quality construction materials. B. High population density in urban areas. C. Lack of proper engineering standards. D. Location in a seismically active region. 4. What does the author suggest about earthquakes in the last paragraph? A. They are becoming more frequent worldwide. B. Their most severe impacts are unavoidable. C. Their destructive effects can be minimized through preparedness. D. They mainly affect developing countries with poor governance. 5. 阅读表达 If you were a survivor of the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake, which lesson mentioned in the passage would you consider the most important for other earthquake-prone regions to learn? Why? (Please answer in one or two sentences.) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 主题词汇提取 —— 描写“地震灾害与救援” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 灾害严重性 夺走5万多条生命 摧毁或严重损坏建筑物 使150万人无家可归 救援障碍 冰冻温度和暴雪 受损的道路和机场 缺乏清洁水和卫生设施 建筑与防灾问题 抗震建筑 劣质材料 缺乏适当的工程标准 防灾启示 预警系统 灾害准备计划 二、完形填空 —— 一次真实的转变 了解了宏观教训，再来看看微观的个人成长。阅读这篇讲述一位青少年从忽视安全到主动防灾的转变故事。通过补全文章，你将亲历主人公从恐慌到自信的心路历程，并学习“蹲下、掩护、抓牢”等具体的自救技能。这个故事将是倡议信中“榜样力量”的生动素材。 【原创试题】改编自美国青少年杂志《The Week Junior》2025年9月19日刊 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I used to think disasters would never happen to me. I never paid any attention to safety drills or warnings. One day, a fire drill was held at my school. I laughed and walked slowly in the classroom, not taking it 1 . Suddenly, the alarm went off, and I panicked. I didn’t know 2 to go. A teacher grabbed my hand and led me to the 3 point. I felt 4 but also lucky. That day, I decided to change. I started learning 5 rescue skills. I practiced “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” at home. I also prepared a small emergency 6 with water, food, and a flashlight. I learned that 7 calm is the first step to survival. My parents were 8 of me for taking safety seriously. A few weeks later, a real earthquake struck our town. When the shaking 9 , I didn’t run outside. Instead, I dropped under my desk and 10 my head with my hands. After the shaking stopped, I 11 the building quickly and orderly. I even helped a younger student who was 12 and crying. Now, I feel much more 13 . I know that being prepared is not about being scared—it’s about being smart. I often share my experience with classmates who still 14 safety drills. I tell them, “The more you practice, the 15 you will be.” 1. A. seriously B. easily C. carefully D. luckily 2. A. what B. where C. when D. why 3. A. safe B. high C. cold D. dark 4. A. excited B. proud C. embarrassed D. relaxed 5. A. basic B. difficult C. expensive D. advanced 6. A. bag B. kit C. box D. case 7. A. staying B. staying C. to stay D. stayed 8. A. afraid B. tired C. proud D. ashamed 9. A. started B. continued C. stopped D. increased 10. A. covered B. touched C. washed D. shook 11. A. entered B. built C. damaged D. evacuated 12. A. scared B. happy C. angry D. sleepy 13. A. nervous B. confident C. worried D. strange 14. A. take part in B. give up C. laugh at D. prepare for 15. A. safer B. busier C. richer D. weaker 16. 主题词汇提取 —— 描写“从忽视到主动防灾” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 最初忽视态度 不认真对待 嘲笑安全演习 恐慌 紧急帮助与感受 抓住我的手 安全地点 感到尴尬 学习主动防灾 学习基本救援技能 蹲下、掩护、抓牢 应急包 保持冷静 成功应对与成长 蹲在桌子下 用手保护头部 快速有序疏散 Part III 写作实战 —— 成为防灾倡议者 模拟任务展示厅 智囊团的使命来到最后一步！请你以校园安全志愿者李华的身份，整合你在前面所有环节中积累的词汇、汲取的教训、学习的方法和打磨的句式，正式撰写一封倡议信。用你的文字，呼吁全校同学科学防灾、安全避险，共同守护我们珍贵的校园与生命。请开始你的创作！ 你（李华）是校园安全志愿者。在国际减灾日来临之际，请你给全校同学写一封倡议信，主题为“Learn to Protect Ourselves in Disasters”，呼吁大家科学防灾、安全避险。 内容包括：1. 写信背景和目的；2.具体建议；3.表达期待。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 3. 句式要求（请至少运用以下三种）： ·not only... but also... ·the + 比较级，the + 比较级 ·It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. Dear fellow students, Yours, Li Hua Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Yours , Li Hua 作业自评量表 评价 维度 评价项目 评价标准 完成 时间 自评等级（打√） A (优秀) B (良好) C (一般) D (需改进) Part I 词汇 运用 关键词闯关 能准确用所给单词正确形式 或 中文提示填空，无语法、拼写错误。 词汇拼图 能按中文提示，用单元词汇完整、正确翻译句子，语法无误。 Part II 语篇 理解 阅读理解 能理解地震灾害的真实语篇，准确完成细节理解、推理判断等题目，阅读表达贴合题意。 完形填空 能理解“从忽视防灾到主动学习”的叙事语篇，准确辨析词汇、把握语境逻辑。 Part III 写作 应用 建议信写作 （模拟任务展示厅） 能按要求完成“科学防灾，安全避险”主题的倡议信，包含背景目的、具体建议、呼吁期待，且至少运用3种指定句式。 综合 评价 结合各项目答题情况，总结自身单元知识掌握情况。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $