精品解析：江苏南京市鼓楼区2025-2026学年高二下学期英语期末试卷

江苏南京市鼓楼区2025-2026学年高二下学期英语期末试卷 全卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。 A How to Spend a Perfect Day in Shanghai Cut a dash through this Chinese city from the tree-shaded, heritage shopping streets to the brightly-lit urban wonderland of the Bund. Locals here work hard and play harder, so the energy is intense-and the people-watching is second to none. 10 a.m.: The heritage shopping streets Art deco and classical villas line avenues such as the Wukang and Anfu Roads. Today you’ll find tailors, bike mechanics and jewellers here like the questionably named Blackhead. Also look out for Culture Matters for classic trainers by Chinese brand Feiyue; and Deja Vu, a three-storey vintage boutique (精品店) with designer clothing and a used-book store. 12 p.m.: Dumpling delights In the Huangpu quarter, head up Huanghe Road — one of Shanghai’s few remaining “food streets”. Once common, these streets, dotted with restaurants and stands, have gradually been replaced by new construction. But Huanghe Road remains — partly because of the popularity of JiaJia Tang Bao, a rough-and-ready diner serving steamers of xiaolongbao. These dumplings come stuffed with pork, chicken or veg and hot, sour soup. 3 p.m.: A walk in the park City gardens are the pride of Shanghai and of senior citizens, who come for tai chi or to play cards. Walk along Xiangyang Park’s landscaped trails, facing the onion-domed Russian Church. Carry on 15 minutes down Huaihai Road to relax in Fuxing Park. At lunch, you might catch a game of flag football or ultimate frisbee (飞盘), both popular with young Shanghainese. 7 p.m.: The money shot At sunset there’s nowhere more exciting than the Bund walk. Nobody leaves Shanghai without selfies (自拍) from the historic river walk, with the lighted Pearl Tower. But few know about the minimalist fifth-floor bar at the perfectly positioned Regent Hotel on the Bund, where the curved balcony gives you a bird’s-eye view of the city. 1. If you are fond of fashion, which of the following places would attract you most? A. Pearl Tower. B. Wukang Road. C. Huanghe Road. D. Xiangyang Park. 2. What do the activities recommended for 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. have in common? A. They both encourage visitors to take outdoor sports. B. They both involve enjoying Shanghai’s natural scenery. C. They both offer opportunities to appreciate the city’s sights. D. They both cover visits to high-rise buildings along the road. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A personal blog. B. A travel magazine. C. A historical research paper. D. A government tourism report. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了在上海度过完美一天的行程安排，按照时间顺序，依次推荐了历史购物街道、特色小吃街、城市公园以及外滩观景地，为游客提供游玩攻略。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文10 a.m.: The heritage shopping streets部分“Art deco and classical villas line avenues such as the Wukang and Anfu Roads. Today you’ll find tailors, bike mechanics and jewellers here ... Also look out for Culture Matters for classic trainers by Chinese brand Feiyue; and Deja Vu, a three-storey vintage boutique with designer clothing and a used-book store.(武康路、安福路等街道两旁林立着装饰艺术风格建筑与老式洋房。在这里你能找到裁缝铺、修车行、珠宝店……你还可以逛Culture Matters，这里有国产飞跃品牌的经典运动鞋；以及三层复古精品店Deja Vu，店内有名设计师服饰和二手书店。)”可知，武康路有各类服饰、复古时装店铺，喜爱时尚的人会最向往这里。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文3 p.m.: A walk in the park部分“Walk along Xiangyang Park’s landscaped trails, facing the onion-domed Russian Church. Carry on 15 minutes down Huaihai Road to relax in Fuxing Park.(沿着襄阳公园精心布景的步道漫步，对面是洋葱穹顶的东正教堂。沿淮海路再走 15 分钟就能到复兴公园休憩。)”以及原文7 p.m.: The money shot部分“But few know about the minimalist fifth-floor bar at the perfectly positioned Regent Hotel on the Bund, where the curved balcony gives you a bird’s-eye view of the city.(但很少有人知道外滩位置绝佳的丽晶酒店五楼简约风酒吧，弧形露台能让你俯瞰整座城市的景色。)” 可知，下午三点的行程可以欣赏公园与特色建筑风光，晚上七点可以俯瞰外滩城市夜景，二者都能欣赏上海城市景致。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Cut a dash through this Chinese city from the tree-shaded, heritage shopping streets to the brightly-lit urban wonderland of the Bund.(穿梭游览这座中国城市，你既能漫步林荫掩映、满是历史风情的特色商业街，也能去往灯火璀璨、宛如都市幻境的外滩。)”及全文内容可知，全文以游玩攻略形式，分时段推荐上海打卡地点、美食、观景去处，面向出行游客介绍城市游玩路线，内容轻松实用，符合旅行杂志的内容特征，因此文章很可能出自旅行杂志。 B Few names in the history of magic bring more wonder and fascination than Harry Houdini, a legendary escape artist who turned impossible tasks into breathtaking live shows. Born in Budapest, Hungary, on March 24, 1874, he moved to the United States with his family at the age of four. He grew up in a common family in Wisconsin and lived a simple life in his childhood. He deeply admired a French magician named Jean Eugene Robert-Houdin, so he created his stage name after him, which later became a symbol of thrilling and surprising escape performances. Houdini’s early career was far from successful. For years, he struggled to make a living by performing card tricks and small illusions (幻象) at carnivals and street shows. His life changed completely when he discovered his extraordinary talent for breaking free from tight controls. His simple handcuff (手铐) escape acts slowly developed into brave and amazing tricks that attracted audiences across the world. He freed himself from locked milk cans filled with water, got out of the dangerous Water Torture Cell while hanging upside down, and even survived after being buried six feet underground. These heart-stopping performances earned him the nickname “The Handcuff King” and made him one of the highest-paid entertainers of his time. Beyond his stage career, Houdini dedicated himself to exposing immoral and dishonest wizards who took advantage of sorrowful families. These people cheated sad families by pretending to communicate with their dead relatives. Believing that truth should never be sacrificed for profit, Houdini felt a strong responsibility to protect ordinary people from being cheated. Drawing on his comprehensive knowledge of magic skills, he clearly revealed how these cheaters created false illusions to fool common people. This meaningful act won him great praise, but also brought him some disagreement and criticism. Unfortunately, Houdini’s remarkable life came to a sudden end in 1926, when he was only 52 years old. Up to now, almost a century has passed, but Houdini’s innovative spirit still influences the world. His creative ideas, wonderful performing skills and persistent pursuit of truth continue to encourage modern performers and people who stick to facts, ensuring his place as the greatest escape artist who ever lived. 4. What do we know about Harry Houdini from paragraph 1? A. He was raised in a wealthy family. B. He was the best magician in the world. C. His childhood contributed to his success D. “Houdini” was representative of escape acts. 5. Why did Houdini become one of the highest-paid entertainers of his time? A. He was skilled at performing small tricks in streets. B. His early card tricks helped him build a reputation. C. He invented magic devices like the Water Torture Cell. D. His escape performances appealed to people worldwide. 6. What motivated Houdini to reveal wizards? A. His qualities of integrity and honesty. B. His eagerness to gain public admiration. C. His previous experience of being cheated. D. His desire to prove his amazing magic skills. 7. What can we learn from Harry Houdini’s story? A. Both professional skills and morality are important. B. Talent is the key to achieving greatness in any field. C. True success comes from good luck and persistence. D. Fame and wealth can bring both admiration and criticism. 【答案】4. D 5. D 6. A 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍传奇逃脱魔术师HarryHoudini的生平、精彩逃脱表演、揭露骗术的善举以及他对后世的深远影响。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“He deeply admired a French magician named Jean Eugene Robert-Houdin, so he created his stage name after him, which later became a symbol of thrilling and surprising escape performances.(他深深崇拜一位名叫让·欧仁·罗贝尔-乌丹的法国魔术师，因此以他的名字创造了自己的艺名，这个名字后来成为了惊心动魄的逃脱表演的象征。)”可知，“Houdini”这个名字后来成为了逃脱表演的代表。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His simple handcuff (手铐) escape acts slowly developed into brave and amazing tricks that attracted audiences across the world. He freed himself from locked milk cans filled with water, got out of the dangerous Water Torture Cell while hanging upside down, and even survived after being buried six feet underground. These heart-stopping performances earned him the nickname ‘The Handcuff King’ and made him one of the highest-paid entertainers of his time.(他简单的手铐逃脱表演慢慢发展成勇敢而惊人的戏法，吸引了全世界的观众。他从装满水的锁住的大牛奶罐中挣脱出来，在头朝下悬挂的状态下逃出危险的水牢，甚至在被人埋在地下六英尺深的地方后幸存下来。这些令人心跳停止的表演为他赢得了‘手铐之王’的绰号，并使他成为当时收入最高的艺人之一。)”可知，正是他那吸引全球观众的逃脱表演让他获得了极高的收入。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“Believing that truth should never be sacrificed for profit, Houdini felt a strong responsibility to protect ordinary people from being cheated.(胡迪尼坚信真理绝不应为了利益而被牺牲，他感到有责任保护普通人免受欺骗。)”可知，促使他去揭穿那些巫师（灵媒）的动力是他正直诚实的品质以及对真相的追求。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“Unfortunately, Houdini’s remarkable life came to a sudden end in 1926, when he was only 52 years old. Up to now, almost a century has passed, but Houdini’s innovative spirit still influences the world. His creative ideas, wonderful performing skills and persistent pursuit of truth continue to encourage modern performers and people who stick to facts, ensuring his place as the greatest escape artist who ever lived.(不幸的是，胡迪尼辉煌的一生在1926年戛然而止，年仅52岁。时至今日，近一个世纪过去了，但胡迪尼的创新精神仍影响着世界。他富有创造性的想法、精湛的表演技巧以及对真理的执着追求，继续激励着现代表演者和坚持实事求是的人们，这确保了他作为史上最伟大的逃脱艺术家地位。)”可知，文章既描述了胡迪尼高超的专业技能（如各种逃脱术），又强调了他的道德品质（如揭穿骗局、坚持真理）。从他的故事中我们可以学到专业技能和道德品质同样重要。 C As a saying goes, “Second place is just the first loser.” Humans are born to compete. They battle for position in line to get on an airplane. They compare how many “likes” they have on social media. We see billionaires envy multimillionaires, and that famous actors complain about the Oscar which should have been theirs. Although the competitive spirit may be natural, it does not always lead to human progress. On the contrary, it can create misery for ourselves and others. Fortunately, without unrealistically suggesting that we entirely dispense with our competitive urge, we can solve the problem simply: instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze. While second place may feel like “the first loser”, third place can actually be the winner when it comes to happiness and even lifespan. Research on Olympic athletes found bronze medalists consistently happier than silver medalists, and another study showed they also lived the longest: bronze medalists reached 78 on average, compared to 76 for gold medalists and 72 for silver medalists. There is a handy explanation for this difference: “Unsatisfactory competition outcomes may affect health negatively.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, while the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium (领奖台) at all. This shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison. When we compare ourselves with those who have more money, power, or achievements, we often feel like losers. In contrast, downward comparison makes people feel better about themselves and, thus, happier. In fact, researchers have found that comparing our own circumstances with the unfortunate ones is a reliable technique for reducing a negative mood. The happiness strategy of competing for gold every day is foolish. One problem with the competition against others is that it tends to lower the inner motivation and enjoyment from daily activities. However, trying to improve your own past performance provides a sense not of “winning” but of progress. And the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you. 8. What does the underlined phrase “dispense with” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Live with. B. Struggle with. C. Get rid of. D. Run out of. 9. Why are bronze medalists happier than silver ones according to the study? A. They live much longer than other athletes. B. They care less about what others think of them. C. They pay little attention to competition results. D. They make downward social comparisons. 10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Social comparison ought to be avoided. B. Competing with others helps gain inner joy. C. Being the first brings people lasting-satisfaction. D. Seeking constant progress beats winning against others. 11. What may be the best title for the text? A. The Pain of Being a Silver Medalist B. Why Bronze Medalists Are Happier C. Why Competition Is a Double-edged Sword D. The Secret of Living a Longer, Happier Life 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍竞争是人的天性，但一味追逐第一名易带来痛苦，研究表明铜牌获得者比银牌获得者更幸福、寿命更长，根源在于二者不同的社会对比方式，并提出和过去的自己对比、追求自身进步才是更好的幸福之道。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据原文第二段“Fortunately, without unrealistically suggesting that we entirely dispense with our competitive urge, we can solve the problem simply: instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze.(幸运的是，我们不必不切实际地主张彻底dispense with内心的竞争欲，就能简单解决这个问题：不必一心争夺金牌，不妨以铜牌为目标。)”可知，我们不用完全消除竞争欲，只需要调整竞争目标就能化解竞争带来的烦恼，故dispense with意为“摆脱、摒弃”。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第四段“In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, while the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium at all.(换句话说，银牌得主只望向最高领奖台、只和金牌得主对比，因此自认是头号失败者；而铜牌得主会和所有没能站上领奖台的人对比，心态更乐观。)”以及第五段“This shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison.(这体现了上行社会对比与下行社会对比的区别。)”可知，铜牌获得者会进行下行社会对比，因此比银牌得主更快乐。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“However, trying to improve your own past performance provides a sense not of “winning” but of progress. And the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you.(然而，努力超越过去的自己带来的不是 “获胜感”，而是成长感，你唯一需要对比的人只有自己。)”可知，持续追求自我进步胜过和他人比拼输赢。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, while the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium at all.(换句话说，银牌得主只望向最高领奖台、只和金牌得主对比，因此自认是头号失败者；而铜牌得主会和所有没能站上领奖台的人对比，心态更乐观。)”及全文内容可知，文章围绕银牌得主与铜牌得主的心态、幸福感、寿命差异展开，分析铜牌获得者更快乐的深层原因，以此告诉读者正确的竞争心态，因此最佳标题为“Why Bronze Medalists Are Happier (铜牌得主为何更快乐)”。 D Grams, liters, and kilowatt-hours define the scales of consumption in the physical world. We calculate the weight of goods, volume of drinks and electricity use with these familiar standards. Today, token has emerged as a new fundamental unit of measurement in the AI era. Unlike traditional physical units, all conversations and operations between users and AI assistants are valued and charged in the form of tokens. A token is the basic information unit that large language models use to process natural language, translated as “ciyuan” in Chinese. Text is first separated by a tokenizer into punctuation marks (标点符号), Chinese characters, words, or phrases, which are then changed into numerical vectors (向量). AI “thinks” by calculating the contextual relationships between these vectors. Notably, token consumption goes far beyond the number of words we see on the screen: system languages, conversational history context, and the model’s internal reasoning steps all consume tokens. In AI agent situations, breaking down tasks and having multi-round calls can even cause token consumption to increase sharply. A common phenomenon is that the price of output tokens is typically six times that of input tokens for the same model. This is not because output requires more computational power, but because of the remarkable difference in computational efficiency. Input processing uses the massively parallel computations that GPUs are better at, delivering extremely high efficiency. Output, however, must be generated in order-each token depends on the previous one-leaving GPUs waiting for data transfers from memory most of the time, resulting in a computational efficiency of only 1% to 5%. This fundamental issue starts from the bottleneck of the Von Neumann architecture, where computation and storage are separated, a problem that current technology can only ease but not fundamentally solve. In recent years, token prices have dropped significantly: at the beginning of 2023, GPT-4-level performance cost about $20 per million tokens; by 2026, this has dropped to $0.4. Just as falling mobile data prices boosted the short-video industry, the continued decline in token prices will definitely reshape the boundaries of AI applications and transform our future lives dramatically. 12. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By citing an example. B. By giving a definition. C. By making a comparison. D. By presenting a context. 13. How does “tokenizer” work? A. It turns natural language into Chinese characters. B. It transforms numerical vectors into readable text. C. It breaks down text into basic units for AI processing. D. It calculates the contextual relationships between words. 14. What can we infer from the price difference between input and output tokens? A. The computer architecture needs improvement. B. The price gap will disappear with GPU advance. C. Output tokens require more computational power. D. Output generation is slower due to complex reasoning. 15. What is the author’s attitude towards the use of token? A. Hopeful. B. Critical. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 【答案】12. C 13. C 14. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文先对比传统计量单位引出AI领域的token，介绍token的工作原理、输入输出代币价差成因，并指出代币降价将大幅拓展AI应用、改变生活。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Grams, liters, and kilowatt-hours define the scales of consumption in the physical world. We calculate the weight of goods, volume of drinks and electricity use with these familiar standards. Today, token has emerged as a new fundamental unit of measurement in the AI era. Unlike traditional physical units, all conversations and operations between users and AI assistants are valued and charged in the form of tokens.(克、升、千瓦时界定了物理世界中的各类消耗计量标准。我们用这些常见标准来计算商品重量、饮品容量以及耗电量。如今，token已成为AI时代全新的基础计量单位。与传统物理计量单位不同，用户和AI助手之间所有的对话交互与运算操作，均以token为单位计价计费。)”可知，作者先列举传统物理计量单位，再将其与AI时代的token进行对比，通过对比手法引出文章核心话题token。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Text is first separated by a tokenizer into punctuation marks (标点符号), Chinese characters, words, or phrases, which are then changed into numerical vectors (向量). (文本首先会被分词器拆分为标点、汉字、单词或短语这类基础单元，之后再转化为数值向量。)”可知，分词器的作用是拆分文本，得到可供AI处理的基础信息单元。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“This fundamental issue starts from the bottleneck of the Von Neumann architecture, where computation and storage are separated, a problem that current technology can only ease but not fundamentally solve.(这一根本问题源于冯・诺依曼架构的瓶颈——计算单元与存储单元相互分离，现有技术只能缓解该问题，无法彻底根除。)”可知，输入、输出token价格悬殊的根源是计算机架构缺陷，由此可推断计算机架构仍有待改进。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Just as falling mobile data prices boosted the short-video industry, the continued decline in token prices will definitely reshape the boundaries of AI applications and transform our future lives dramatically.(就像流量资费下降催生短视频行业一样，token价格持续走低必将重塑AI应用边界，极大改变我们未来的生活。)”可推断，作者认为token成本下降会带来积极变革，对token的应用前景抱有乐观、充满希望的态度。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Nowadays, parents tend to help their kids stay away from boredom by putting children in tutoring classes or in front of screens. Some might see it as a negative emotion that they don’t want their children to experience. ____16____ Boredom is a signal that a change is needed. Whether it is a change in scenery, activity, or company, boredom encourages children to seek something different. ____17____Psychologists have found that the experience of boredom can lead to discovering new goals, trying new activities and making new friends. ____18____ A reasonable break time leaves room to ask the big questions in life and find meaning. With their mind wandering and reviewing personal experiences, children have the chance to think independently and explore their inner world. Beyond encouraging reflection, boredom teaches children how to manage themselves as well. Learning to manage boredom and other negative emotions is an important life skill. ____19____ When children manage their own time, it can help them develop executive function, which includes the ability to set goals and make plans. Parents can support this process by giving children more opportunities to handle boredom on their own. ____20____ Then start with small doses of boredom and work up to longer stretches of unstructured time: getting kids outside, suggesting a new game or recipe, or simply resting. As children get used to occasional boredom, it will take them longer to become bored in the future. People find life less boring once they regularly experience boredom. So the next time a kid complains, “I’m bored!” don’t feel guilty or depressed. Let this natural emotional state do wonders. A. It gently pushes children out of their comfort zone. B. In fact, boredom benefits children in many aspects. C. Let them know that boredom is a normal part of life. D. Spending time alone can sometimes help children grow. E. This ability plays a vital role in children’s future growth. F. Others will claim boredom creates a pleasant atmosphere. G. Boredom can also create valuable opportunities for reflection. 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述家长总刻意帮孩子摆脱无聊，却忽视了无聊对孩子有多方面益处，分别阐述无聊能促使孩子寻求新事物、独立反思、学会自我管理，并给出家长引导孩子正确面对无聊的方法。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Nowadays, parents tend to help their kids stay away from boredom by putting children in tutoring classes or in front of screens. Some might see it as a negative emotion that they don’t want their children to experience.(如今，父母往往会送孩子上辅导班或是让孩子看电子产品，以此帮他们远离无聊。一些家长把无聊视作一种负面情绪，不愿让孩子体会。)”可知前文提出家长排斥无聊的观点；空后整段开始介绍无聊带来的各类好处，形成转折逻辑；故推知：空处需要总起全文，点明无聊对孩子有益，起到承上启下的作用；选项B“In fact, boredom benefits children in many aspects.(事实上，无聊在很多方面都对孩子有益。)”契合上下文逻辑。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Whether it is a change in scenery, activity, or company, boredom encourages children to seek something different.(无论是换个环境、换种活动还是换个玩伴，无聊都会促使孩子去寻找不一样的事物。)”可知前文说明无聊推动孩子寻求新事物；空后“Psychologists have found that the experience of boredom can lead to discovering new goals, trying new activities and making new friends.(心理学家发现，体验无聊能够让人发掘新目标、尝试新活动、结交新朋友。)”是对该观点的佐证；故推知：空处承接上文，进一步解释无聊如何推动孩子做出改变；选项A“It gently pushes children out of their comfort zone.(它温和地促使孩子走出舒适区。)”逻辑通顺。 【18题详解】 根据空后“A reasonable break time leaves room to ask the big questions in life and find meaning. With their mind wandering and reviewing personal experiences, children have the chance to think independently and explore their inner world.(适度的空闲时间给孩子留出空间，去思考人生重要问题、寻找生活的意义。当思绪放空、回顾自身经历时，孩子有机会独立思考、探索内心世界。)”可知本段核心围绕无聊带来反思的机会展开；此处为段落总起句，需要概括本段主旨；选项G“Boredom can also create valuable opportunities for reflection.(无聊也能创造宝贵的反思机会。)”统领下文内容。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Learning to manage boredom and other negative emotions is an important life skill.(学会应对无聊以及其他负面情绪是一项重要的生活技能。)”可知前文提到管理负面情绪是重要技能；空后“When children manage their own time, it can help them develop executive function, which includes the ability to set goals and make plans.(当孩子自主安排时间时，能够培养执行能力，其中包含设定目标、制定计划的能力。)”介绍这项技能带来的具体好处；故推知：空处衔接前后，说明这项能力对成长的重要性；选项E“This ability plays a vital role in children’s future growth.(这项能力对孩子未来的成长至关重要。)” 匹配语境。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Parents can support this process by giving children more opportunities to handle boredom on their own.(父母可以多给孩子独自应对无聊的机会，以此助力孩子成长。)”可知前文提出家长的引导方式；空后“Then start with small doses of boredom and work up to longer stretches of unstructured time: getting kids outside, suggesting a new game or recipe, or simply resting.(之后从短暂的无聊时刻开始，慢慢延长自由独处的时间：带孩子出门、推荐新游戏或食谱，或是单纯休息。)” 中Then表示承接，给出后续具体做法；故推知：空处是家长引导孩子的第一步；选项C“Let them know that boredom is a normal part of life.(让孩子明白无聊是生活中正常的一部分。)”符合行为先后逻辑。 第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 If left untouched, the azalea (杜鹃花) beside my house would take over the entire yard. It stands 7 feet tall, and I have to keep it in ____21____. Otherwise, it would consume the yard and ____22____ spread toward the foundation of my house. Last spring, I grabbed my pruning shears, ____23____ to cut the overgrown bush. I had already made good progress on half of it and was about to attack the top, when suddenly a brown bird ____24____ the azalea. I froze, then leaned in to observe closely, and ____25____ a nest with three tiny, featherless chicks. We often ____26____ we are somehow locked in our concrete worlds while wild creatures belong somewhere far away. ____27____, they live alongside us. As Henry Beston wrote, animals are “other nations”, sharing the same air, the same sunlight. We ought to ____28____ the impact we have on their lives, and treat them with ____29____. The birds had chosen this azalea for its____30____ growth, which offered a hidden, secure ____31____from hawks and other natural enemies. I realized I could not go on pruning, ____32____ the chicks were fragile, barely a week old, and would not survive if the nest was disturbed. I put down my shears and walked away, leaving the azalea half cut. It looked ____33____ at first glance, but it had become a warm, safe home for the birds. I had made the right ____34____ — for we share this planet, and we must learn to live in ____35____ with the natural world around us. 21. A. check B. sight C. security D. balance 22. A. yet B. even C. still D. rather 23. A. affording B. promising C. endeavoring D. managing 24. A. jumped out of B. fled out of C. crashed into D. dived into 25. A. obtained B. searched C. examined D. spotted 26. A. approve B. conclude C. assume D. anticipate 27. A. Simply B. Actually C. Naturally D. Normally 28. A. produce B. recognize C. justify D. reserve 29. A. preference B. patience C. privilege D. respect 30. A. messy B. organic C. rapid D. wild 31. A. shelter B. route C. guidance D. platform 32. A. if B. though C. unless D. since 33. A. awkward B. ordinary C. incredible D. awesome 34. A. arrangement B. comparison C. decision D. inference 35. A. coincidence B. harmony C. cooperation D. association 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了作者本打算修剪疯长的杜鹃花丛，却意外发现花丛里有幼鸟鸟巢，于是停止修剪，由此感悟人类应尊重野生动物，与自然和谐共处。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：它已经长到 7 英尺高，我必须控制住它。A. check控制；B. sight视线；C. security安全；D. balance平衡。根据前文 “If left untouched, the azalea beside my house would take over the entire yard”可知，杜鹃花放任不管会霸占整个院子，固定搭配keep sth in check表示“控制某物、抑制某物过度生长”。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：否则它会侵占整个院子，甚至蔓延到房屋地基处。A. yet然而；B. even甚至；C. still仍然；D. rather反而。根据前文“consume the yard”和后文“spread toward the foundation of my house”可知，后者是比侵占院子更进一步的后果。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：去年春天，我拿起修枝剪，努力修剪这丛疯长的花丛。A. affording负担得起；B. promising承诺；C. endeavoring努力、尽力；D. managing设法做成。根据后文“I had already made good progress on half of it”可知，作者正在尽力修剪花丛。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我刚修剪完一半，正要修剪顶部，突然一只棕色小鸟从杜鹃花丛里跳了出来。A. jumped out of从……跳出；B. fled out of从……逃窜而出；C. crashed into撞上；D. dived into潜入。根据后文“a nest with three tiny, featherless chicks”可知，作者发现鸟巢，小鸟只是受惊跳出花丛。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：我愣住了，俯身凑近仔细看，发现了一个鸟巢，里面有三只没长毛的雏鸟。A. obtained获得；B. searched搜寻；C. examined检查；D. spotted看见、发现。根据前文“leaned in to observe closely”及后文“a nest with three tiny, featherless chicks”可知，作者凑近观察后看见了鸟巢。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们常常想当然地认为自己被困在钢筋水泥的世界里，而野生动物生活在遥远的别处。A. approve赞同；B. conclude得出结论；C. assume假定、想当然认为；D. anticipate预期。根据后文“we are somehow locked in our concrete worlds while wild creatures belong somewhere far away”及“they live alongside us”可知，前面是人们普遍错误的主观假想。 【27题详解】 考查副词。句意：事实上，它们就生活在我们身边。A. Simply仅仅；B. Actually事实上；C. Naturally自然地；D. Normally通常。根据前文“we are somehow locked in our concrete worlds while wild creatures belong somewhere far away”及后文“they live alongside us”可知，前文讲人们的错误想法，本句进行事实纠正。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们应当意识到人类活动对它们生活造成的影响，心怀尊重地对待它们。A. produce产生；B. recognize意识到、认清；C. justify证明合理；D. reserve预留。根据后文“the impact we have on their lives”可知，人类要认清自身行为会影响野生动物。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. preference偏爱；B. patience耐心；C. privilege特权；D. respect尊重。根据后文“I put down my shears and walked away”可知，作者为了保护幼鸟，放弃修剪花丛，体现了对自然生命的尊重。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：鸟儿选择这片杜鹃丛，是因为它肆意疯长的枝叶能提供隐蔽、安全的庇护，躲避鹰和其他天敌。A. messy杂乱的；B. organic有机的；C. rapid快速的；D. wild野生的、肆意生长的。根据前文 “If left untouched, the azalea would take over the entire yard”可知，杜鹃丛无人打理、肆意疯长。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. shelter庇护处；B. route路线；C. guidance指引；D. platform平台。根据后文“from hawks and other natural enemies”可知，茂密花丛是鸟儿躲避天敌的庇护所。 【32题详解】 考查连词。句意：我意识到我不能继续修剪了，因为这些雏鸟十分脆弱，才出生一周，如果鸟巢受到惊扰就活不下去。A. if如果；B. though虽然；C. unless除非；D. since因为。根据后文“the chicks were fragile, barely a week old, and would not survive if the nest was disturbed”可知，后半句解释停止修剪的原因。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：乍一看，这丛杜鹃显得怪怪的，但它已经成了鸟儿温暖安全的家。A. awkward尴尬的；B. ordinary普通的；C. incredible极好的；D. awesome令人惊叹的。根据前文“leaving the azalea half cut”可知，只修剪了一半的花丛外形不协调、看着怪异。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：我做出了正确的决定 —— 我们共享这颗星球，必须学会与周遭自然世界和谐共处。A. arrangement安排；B. comparison对比；C. decision决定；D. inference推论。根据前文“I put down my shears and walked away”可知，停下修剪是作者做出的决定。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. coincidence巧合；B. harmony和谐；C. cooperation合作；D. association关联。根据前文“we share this planet”结合作者为了保护幼鸟，放弃修剪花丛的故事可知，我们应该与周遭自然世界和谐共处。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As traditional Chinese culture gains increasing popularity across the globe, numerous foreign ____36____(enthusiast) devote themselves to exploring and promoting it. Brandon Collins-Green, or Lin Buran in Chinese, is a Canadian artist, Fond of Chinese classical literature, he expresses his understanding of A Dream of Red Mansions, an ____37____(influence) novel in Chinese history, by painting. Often drawing throughout the night, he has created more than 4,200 works. Brandon loves learning about ____38____ minimalist lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. “So far, I have read the novel ____39____(thorough) three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles, and dialogues____40____ English, and completed over 1 million words of essays and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies. The ____41____(great) influence of A Dream of Red Mansions on me was my outlook on life. I have come to realize____42____ matters most is not material possessions but spiritual well-being,” said Brandon. Timur Kurvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese martial arts fan. He ____43____(win) martial arts championships multiple times and also served as a coach for the Kazakhstan martial arts team “____44____(regard) as a treasure of Chinese civilization, Chinese martial arts are not just a sport but also showcase Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist ideas, ____45____ the philosophical concept of Harmony between Heaven and Humans’ is reflected. It mirrors the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature, and the universe,” he said. 【答案】36. enthusiasts 37. influential 38. the 39. thoroughly 40. into 41. greatest 42. what 43. has won 44. Regarded 45. where 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍两位外国爱好者潜心研究、推广中国传统文化，分别通过绘画解读《红楼梦》、深耕中国武术传播中式哲理。 【36题详解】 考查名词单复数。句意：随着中国传统文化在全球越来越受欢迎，众多外国爱好者致力于探索和推广它。numerous（众多的）后接可数名词复数形式，enthusiast的复数形式为enthusiasts。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：布兰登・柯林斯 - 格林，中文名林步冉，是一名加拿大艺术家。喜爱中国古典文学的他通过绘画表达自己对《红楼梦》—— 一部在中国历史上极具影响力的小说 —— 的理解。此处修饰名词novel，需用形容词作定语，influence的形容词形式为influential，意为“有影响力的”。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：布兰登喜欢了解中国古人极简的生活方式。此处特指“中国古人的极简生活方式”，为特指概念，需用定冠词 the修饰minimalist lifestyle 。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：“到目前为止，我已经将这部小说完整通读三遍，把书中大部分诗词、曲赋、灯谜和对白翻译成英文，并且在博士求学期间完成了超一百万文字的随笔以及两千幅相关画作。”此处修饰动词read，需用副词，thorough 的副词形式为 thoroughly，意为“彻底地、详尽地”。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：“到目前为止，我已经将这部小说完整通读三遍，把书中大部分诗词、曲赋、灯谜和对白翻译成英文，并且在博士求学期间完成了超一百万文字的随笔以及两千幅相关画作。”固定搭配translate...into... 表示“把…… 翻译成……”。 【41题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：《红楼梦》对我最大的影响是我的人生观。结合语境及定冠词The可知，此处表示“最大的影响”，需用形容词最高级，great的最高级形式为greatest。 【42题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我逐渐意识到最重要的不是物质财富，而是精神富足。此处为宾语从句，从句中嵌套主语从句，空格在主语从句中作主语，指代事物，需用连接代词what。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：他多次获得武术冠军，还担任过哈萨克斯坦武术队的教练。结合语境和时间状语multiple times可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：被视作中华文明瑰宝的中国武术不仅是一项运动，还展现儒、道、佛思想，天人合一这一哲学理念便蕴含其中。主语Chinese martial arts与regard之间为被动关系，需用过去分词作状语，位于句首首字母大写。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：被视作中华文明瑰宝的中国武术不仅是一项运动，还展现儒、道、佛思想，天人合一这一哲学理念便蕴含其中。此处为非限制性定语从句，代替先行词Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist ideas在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where。 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友Tom即将参加南京博物院 (Nanjing Museum) 的志愿者招聘面试，他感到十分紧张，写信向你征求建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括: (1) 表示安慰; (2) 面试注意事项 (至少2点); (3) 表达祝愿。 注意: (1) 写作词数应80左右; (2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tom, I’m sorry to hear you’re nervous about the volunteer interview for Nanjing Museum. Take it easy! You’ve prepared plenty and are fully qualified, so there’s no need to worry too much. Here are some practical tips for you. First, dress neatly and politely to leave a good first impression. Second, introduce yourself confidently and show your passion for Chinese history and communication willingness, which matters most for museum volunteers. Besides, keep eye contact with interviewers while answering questions. Wish you good luck and perfect performance in the interview! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给交换生Tom写回信，安慰因南京博物院志愿者面试感到紧张的他，提供至少两条面试建议并送上祝福。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 紧张的：nervous → anxious 能胜任的：qualified → competent 实用的：practical → functional 热情：passion → enthusiasm 2. 句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：You’ve prepared plenty and are fully qualified, so there’s no need to worry too much. 拓展句：Given that you have sufficient preparations and are well-suited for the position, you don’t have to feel excessively tense. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】I’m sorry to hear you’re nervous about the volunteer interview for Nanjing Museum. (运用省略that的宾语从句) 【高分句型 2】Second, introduce yourself confidently and show your passion for Chinese history and communication willingness, which matters most for museum volunteers. (运用which引导非限制性定语从句) 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mark, a diligent college student, balanced his academic pursuits with a part-time job at a bustling coffee shop in downtown Chicago. It was a chaotic Friday evening; the smell of roasted beans mixed with the impatient murmurs of a long queue. When the “Closed” sign was finally turned over, Mark’s muscles ached for hours of standing. He dragged his tired feet to the counter, wiping away the spilled coffee and counting the cash register. While checking the cash register, his heart suddenly skipped a beat. There, nestled among the bills, was an extra one hundred dollars — crisp, unfolded, and clearly out of place. The memory hit him instantly. Earlier, a distracted businessman in a sharp gray suit had paid for his order with a large bill. Overwhelmed by endless orders and urgent shouts, Mark had been in a hurry to serve the next customer and forgot to give him the full change. The man, preoccupied with his phone calls, had hurried out without noticing. To an ordinary person, it was just a mistake. But to Mark, it was a lifeline. That crisp bill represented his overdue rent and several days of groceries. The shop’s daily earnings was already substantial, and his manager rarely double-checked the extra cash carefully. He could easily slip the money into his pocket, and the difference would likely disappear into the store’s unclear accounts, unnoticed by anyone. However, a heavy sense of guilt quickly clouded his mind, weighing him down like a stone. He glanced up at the blinking red light of the security camera in the corner, feeling as though it were judging him. He thought of his parents, who had always reminded him of the value of honesty despite their own financial struggles. Standing in the silent, dimly lit shop, Mark found himself trapped in a fierce internal battle: the desperate relief of financial security against the heavy, inescapable weight of his morality. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Taking a deep breath, Mark made a decision. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, a familiar figure walked into the coffee shop. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Taking a deep breath, Mark made a decision. Instead of pocketing the money to cover his rent and living costs, he resolved to return the hundred dollars to its owner. He searched through the store’s sales records and the surveillance footage, carefully noting down the time the businessman placed his order. He then reported the whole incident to his manager right away. Moved by his honesty, the manager helped him post a notice outside the shop with detailed information to look for the customer. Though still worried about his tight budget, Mark felt a huge load lifted off his chest, proud that he stuck to his principle. A week later, a familiar figure walked into the coffee shop. It was exactly the businessman in the gray suit. He had realized he never received his full change days ago and came to check the shop. Mark greeted him warmly and handed back the one hundred dollars, explaining the whole accident. Deeply impressed by Mark’s integrity, the businessman praised him sincerely. What’s more, he offered Mark a well-paid weekend tutoring job for his child. Honesty not only brought Mark peace of mind but also rewarded him with a brighter way to ease his financial trouble. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索，讲述大学生马克在咖啡店打工，打烊对账时发现多收了顾客一百美元，这笔钱刚好能解决他房租和伙食难题。他本可以悄悄私藏，但内心愧疚涌上心头，想起父母一直教导他诚实。独自留在店里的他，在金钱诱惑与道德底线之间激烈挣扎。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，本段可以写马克选择归还钱款，和店长一同寻找失主，坚守本心后内心豁然轻松。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，本段可以写一周后失主前来，马克归还钱款，对方十分赞赏并给了他高薪家教工作。 2.续写线索：选择归还钱款——寻找失主——归还钱款——失主十分赞赏——为马克提供高薪家教工作 3.词类激活： 行为类： ①决定： resolve/decide/determine ②帮助：help/assist/aid 情绪类： ①感动的：moved/touched ②担心的：be worried about/be concerned about 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Mark greeted him warmly and handed back the one hundred dollars, explaining the whole accident. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】 Deeply impressed by Mark’s integrity, the businessman praised him sincerely. (运用了过去分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 江苏南京市鼓楼区2025-2026学年高二下学期英语期末试卷 全卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。 A How to Spend a Perfect Day in Shanghai Cut a dash through this Chinese city from the tree-shaded, heritage shopping streets to the brightly-lit urban wonderland of the Bund. Locals here work hard and play harder, so the energy is intense-and the people-watching is second to none. 10 a.m.: The heritage shopping streets Art deco and classical villas line avenues such as the Wukang and Anfu Roads. Today you’ll find tailors, bike mechanics and jewellers here like the questionably named Blackhead. Also look out for Culture Matters for classic trainers by Chinese brand Feiyue; and Deja Vu, a three-storey vintage boutique (精品店) with designer clothing and a used-book store. 12 p.m.: Dumpling delights In the Huangpu quarter, head up Huanghe Road — one of Shanghai’s few remaining “food streets”. Once common, these streets, dotted with restaurants and stands, have gradually been replaced by new construction. But Huanghe Road remains — partly because of the popularity of JiaJia Tang Bao, a rough-and-ready diner serving steamers of xiaolongbao. These dumplings come stuffed with pork, chicken or veg and hot, sour soup. 3 p.m.: A walk in the park City gardens are the pride of Shanghai and of senior citizens, who come for tai chi or to play cards. Walk along Xiangyang Park’s landscaped trails, facing the onion-domed Russian Church. Carry on 15 minutes down Huaihai Road to relax in Fuxing Park. At lunch, you might catch a game of flag football or ultimate frisbee (飞盘), both popular with young Shanghainese. 7 p.m.: The money shot At sunset there’s nowhere more exciting than the Bund walk. Nobody leaves Shanghai without selfies (自拍) from the historic river walk, with the lighted Pearl Tower. But few know about the minimalist fifth-floor bar at the perfectly positioned Regent Hotel on the Bund, where the curved balcony gives you a bird’s-eye view of the city. 1. If you are fond of fashion, which of the following places would attract you most? A. Pearl Tower. B. Wukang Road. C. Huanghe Road. D. Xiangyang Park. 2. What do the activities recommended for 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. have in common? A. They both encourage visitors to take outdoor sports. B. They both involve enjoying Shanghai’s natural scenery. C. They both offer opportunities to appreciate the city’s sights. D. They both cover visits to high-rise buildings along the road. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A personal blog. B. A travel magazine. C. A historical research paper. D. A government tourism report. B Few names in the history of magic bring more wonder and fascination than Harry Houdini, a legendary escape artist who turned impossible tasks into breathtaking live shows. Born in Budapest, Hungary, on March 24, 1874, he moved to the United States with his family at the age of four. He grew up in a common family in Wisconsin and lived a simple life in his childhood. He deeply admired a French magician named Jean Eugene Robert-Houdin, so he created his stage name after him, which later became a symbol of thrilling and surprising escape performances. Houdini’s early career was far from successful. For years, he struggled to make a living by performing card tricks and small illusions (幻象) at carnivals and street shows. His life changed completely when he discovered his extraordinary talent for breaking free from tight controls. His simple handcuff (手铐) escape acts slowly developed into brave and amazing tricks that attracted audiences across the world. He freed himself from locked milk cans filled with water, got out of the dangerous Water Torture Cell while hanging upside down, and even survived after being buried six feet underground. These heart-stopping performances earned him the nickname “The Handcuff King” and made him one of the highest-paid entertainers of his time. Beyond his stage career, Houdini dedicated himself to exposing immoral and dishonest wizards who took advantage of sorrowful families. These people cheated sad families by pretending to communicate with their dead relatives. Believing that truth should never be sacrificed for profit, Houdini felt a strong responsibility to protect ordinary people from being cheated. Drawing on his comprehensive knowledge of magic skills, he clearly revealed how these cheaters created false illusions to fool common people. This meaningful act won him great praise, but also brought him some disagreement and criticism. Unfortunately, Houdini’s remarkable life came to a sudden end in 1926, when he was only 52 years old. Up to now, almost a century has passed, but Houdini’s innovative spirit still influences the world. His creative ideas, wonderful performing skills and persistent pursuit of truth continue to encourage modern performers and people who stick to facts, ensuring his place as the greatest escape artist who ever lived. 4. What do we know about Harry Houdini from paragraph 1? A. He was raised in a wealthy family. B. He was the best magician in the world. C. His childhood contributed to his success D. “Houdini” was representative of escape acts. 5. Why did Houdini become one of the highest-paid entertainers of his time? A. He was skilled at performing small tricks in streets. B. His early card tricks helped him build a reputation. C. He invented magic devices like the Water Torture Cell. D. His escape performances appealed to people worldwide. 6. What motivated Houdini to reveal wizards? A. His qualities of integrity and honesty. B. His eagerness to gain public admiration. C. His previous experience of being cheated. D. His desire to prove his amazing magic skills. 7. What can we learn from Harry Houdini’s story? A. Both professional skills and morality are important. B. Talent is the key to achieving greatness in any field. C. True success comes from good luck and persistence. D. Fame and wealth can bring both admiration and criticism. C As a saying goes, “Second place is just the first loser.” Humans are born to compete. They battle for position in line to get on an airplane. They compare how many “likes” they have on social media. We see billionaires envy multimillionaires, and that famous actors complain about the Oscar which should have been theirs. Although the competitive spirit may be natural, it does not always lead to human progress. On the contrary, it can create misery for ourselves and others. Fortunately, without unrealistically suggesting that we entirely dispense with our competitive urge, we can solve the problem simply: instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze. While second place may feel like “the first loser”, third place can actually be the winner when it comes to happiness and even lifespan. Research on Olympic athletes found bronze medalists consistently happier than silver medalists, and another study showed they also lived the longest: bronze medalists reached 78 on average, compared to 76 for gold medalists and 72 for silver medalists. There is a handy explanation for this difference: “Unsatisfactory competition outcomes may affect health negatively.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, while the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium (领奖台) at all. This shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison. When we compare ourselves with those who have more money, power, or achievements, we often feel like losers. In contrast, downward comparison makes people feel better about themselves and, thus, happier. In fact, researchers have found that comparing our own circumstances with the unfortunate ones is a reliable technique for reducing a negative mood. The happiness strategy of competing for gold every day is foolish. One problem with the competition against others is that it tends to lower the inner motivation and enjoyment from daily activities. However, trying to improve your own past performance provides a sense not of “winning” but of progress. And the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you. 8. What does the underlined phrase “dispense with” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Live with. B. Struggle with. C. Get rid of. D. Run out of. 9. Why are bronze medalists happier than silver ones according to the study? A. They live much longer than other athletes. B. They care less about what others think of them. C. They pay little attention to competition results. D. They make downward social comparisons. 10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Social comparison ought to be avoided. B. Competing with others helps gain inner joy. C. Being the first brings people lasting-satisfaction. D. Seeking constant progress beats winning against others. 11. What may be the best title for the text? A. The Pain of Being a Silver Medalist B. Why Bronze Medalists Are Happier C. Why Competition Is a Double-edged Sword D. The Secret of Living a Longer, Happier Life D Grams, liters, and kilowatt-hours define the scales of consumption in the physical world. We calculate the weight of goods, volume of drinks and electricity use with these familiar standards. Today, token has emerged as a new fundamental unit of measurement in the AI era. Unlike traditional physical units, all conversations and operations between users and AI assistants are valued and charged in the form of tokens. A token is the basic information unit that large language models use to process natural language, translated as “ciyuan” in Chinese. Text is first separated by a tokenizer into punctuation marks (标点符号), Chinese characters, words, or phrases, which are then changed into numerical vectors (向量). AI “thinks” by calculating the contextual relationships between these vectors. Notably, token consumption goes far beyond the number of words we see on the screen: system languages, conversational history context, and the model’s internal reasoning steps all consume tokens. In AI agent situations, breaking down tasks and having multi-round calls can even cause token consumption to increase sharply. A common phenomenon is that the price of output tokens is typically six times that of input tokens for the same model. This is not because output requires more computational power, but because of the remarkable difference in computational efficiency. Input processing uses the massively parallel computations that GPUs are better at, delivering extremely high efficiency. Output, however, must be generated in order-each token depends on the previous one-leaving GPUs waiting for data transfers from memory most of the time, resulting in a computational efficiency of only 1% to 5%. This fundamental issue starts from the bottleneck of the Von Neumann architecture, where computation and storage are separated, a problem that current technology can only ease but not fundamentally solve. In recent years, token prices have dropped significantly: at the beginning of 2023, GPT-4-level performance cost about $20 per million tokens; by 2026, this has dropped to $0.4. Just as falling mobile data prices boosted the short-video industry, the continued decline in token prices will definitely reshape the boundaries of AI applications and transform our future lives dramatically. 12. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By citing an example. B. By giving a definition. C. By making a comparison. D. By presenting a context. 13. How does “tokenizer” work? A. It turns natural language into Chinese characters. B. It transforms numerical vectors into readable text. C. It breaks down text into basic units for AI processing. D. It calculates the contextual relationships between words. 14. What can we infer from the price difference between input and output tokens? A. The computer architecture needs improvement. B. The price gap will disappear with GPU advance. C. Output tokens require more computational power. D. Output generation is slower due to complex reasoning. 15. What is the author’s attitude towards the use of token? A. Hopeful. B. Critical. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Nowadays, parents tend to help their kids stay away from boredom by putting children in tutoring classes or in front of screens. Some might see it as a negative emotion that they don’t want their children to experience. ____16____ Boredom is a signal that a change is needed. Whether it is a change in scenery, activity, or company, boredom encourages children to seek something different. ____17____Psychologists have found that the experience of boredom can lead to discovering new goals, trying new activities and making new friends. ____18____ A reasonable break time leaves room to ask the big questions in life and find meaning. With their mind wandering and reviewing personal experiences, children have the chance to think independently and explore their inner world. Beyond encouraging reflection, boredom teaches children how to manage themselves as well. Learning to manage boredom and other negative emotions is an important life skill. ____19____ When children manage their own time, it can help them develop executive function, which includes the ability to set goals and make plans. Parents can support this process by giving children more opportunities to handle boredom on their own. ____20____ Then start with small doses of boredom and work up to longer stretches of unstructured time: getting kids outside, suggesting a new game or recipe, or simply resting. As children get used to occasional boredom, it will take them longer to become bored in the future. People find life less boring once they regularly experience boredom. So the next time a kid complains, “I’m bored!” don’t feel guilty or depressed. Let this natural emotional state do wonders. A. It gently pushes children out of their comfort zone. B. In fact, boredom benefits children in many aspects. C. Let them know that boredom is a normal part of life. D. Spending time alone can sometimes help children grow. E. This ability plays a vital role in children’s future growth. F. Others will claim boredom creates a pleasant atmosphere. G. Boredom can also create valuable opportunities for reflection. 第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 If left untouched, the azalea (杜鹃花) beside my house would take over the entire yard. It stands 7 feet tall, and I have to keep it in ____21____. Otherwise, it would consume the yard and ____22____ spread toward the foundation of my house. Last spring, I grabbed my pruning shears, ____23____ to cut the overgrown bush. I had already made good progress on half of it and was about to attack the top, when suddenly a brown bird ____24____ the azalea. I froze, then leaned in to observe closely, and ____25____ a nest with three tiny, featherless chicks. We often ____26____ we are somehow locked in our concrete worlds while wild creatures belong somewhere far away. ____27____, they live alongside us. As Henry Beston wrote, animals are “other nations”, sharing the same air, the same sunlight. We ought to ____28____ the impact we have on their lives, and treat them with ____29____. The birds had chosen this azalea for its____30____ growth, which offered a hidden, secure ____31____from hawks and other natural enemies. I realized I could not go on pruning, ____32____ the chicks were fragile, barely a week old, and would not survive if the nest was disturbed. I put down my shears and walked away, leaving the azalea half cut. It looked ____33____ at first glance, but it had become a warm, safe home for the birds. I had made the right ____34____ — for we share this planet, and we must learn to live in ____35____ with the natural world around us. 21. A. check B. sight C. security D. balance 22. A. yet B. even C. still D. rather 23. A. affording B. promising C. endeavoring D. managing 24. A. jumped out of B. fled out of C. crashed into D. dived into 25. A. obtained B. searched C. examined D. spotted 26. A. approve B. conclude C. assume D. anticipate 27. A. Simply B. Actually C. Naturally D. Normally 28. A. produce B. recognize C. justify D. reserve 29. A. preference B. patience C. privilege D. respect 30. A. messy B. organic C. rapid D. wild 31. A. shelter B. route C. guidance D. platform 32. A. if B. though C. unless D. since 33. A. awkward B. ordinary C. incredible D. awesome 34. A. arrangement B. comparison C. decision D. inference 35. A. coincidence B. harmony C. cooperation D. association 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As traditional Chinese culture gains increasing popularity across the globe, numerous foreign ____36____(enthusiast) devote themselves to exploring and promoting it. Brandon Collins-Green, or Lin Buran in Chinese, is a Canadian artist, Fond of Chinese classical literature, he expresses his understanding of A Dream of Red Mansions, an ____37____(influence) novel in Chinese history, by painting. Often drawing throughout the night, he has created more than 4,200 works. Brandon loves learning about ____38____ minimalist lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. “So far, I have read the novel ____39____(thorough) three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles, and dialogues____40____ English, and completed over 1 million words of essays and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies. The ____41____(great) influence of A Dream of Red Mansions on me was my outlook on life. I have come to realize____42____ matters most is not material possessions but spiritual well-being,” said Brandon. Timur Kurvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese martial arts fan. He ____43____(win) martial arts championships multiple times and also served as a coach for the Kazakhstan martial arts team “____44____(regard) as a treasure of Chinese civilization, Chinese martial arts are not just a sport but also showcase Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist ideas, ____45____ the philosophical concept of Harmony between Heaven and Humans’ is reflected. It mirrors the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature, and the universe,” he said. 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友Tom即将参加南京博物院 (Nanjing Museum) 的志愿者招聘面试，他感到十分紧张，写信向你征求建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括: (1) 表示安慰; (2) 面试注意事项 (至少2点); (3) 表达祝愿。 注意: (1) 写作词数应80左右; (2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mark, a diligent college student, balanced his academic pursuits with a part-time job at a bustling coffee shop in downtown Chicago. It was a chaotic Friday evening; the smell of roasted beans mixed with the impatient murmurs of a long queue. When the “Closed” sign was finally turned over, Mark’s muscles ached for hours of standing. He dragged his tired feet to the counter, wiping away the spilled coffee and counting the cash register. While checking the cash register, his heart suddenly skipped a beat. There, nestled among the bills, was an extra one hundred dollars — crisp, unfolded, and clearly out of place. The memory hit him instantly. Earlier, a distracted businessman in a sharp gray suit had paid for his order with a large bill. Overwhelmed by endless orders and urgent shouts, Mark had been in a hurry to serve the next customer and forgot to give him the full change. The man, preoccupied with his phone calls, had hurried out without noticing. To an ordinary person, it was just a mistake. But to Mark, it was a lifeline. That crisp bill represented his overdue rent and several days of groceries. The shop’s daily earnings was already substantial, and his manager rarely double-checked the extra cash carefully. He could easily slip the money into his pocket, and the difference would likely disappear into the store’s unclear accounts, unnoticed by anyone. However, a heavy sense of guilt quickly clouded his mind, weighing him down like a stone. He glanced up at the blinking red light of the security camera in the corner, feeling as though it were judging him. He thought of his parents, who had always reminded him of the value of honesty despite their own financial struggles. Standing in the silent, dimly lit shop, Mark found himself trapped in a fierce internal battle: the desperate relief of financial security against the heavy, inescapable weight of his morality. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Taking a deep breath, Mark made a decision. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, a familiar figure walked into the coffee shop. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $