精品解析：江苏省南京市鼓楼区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷

南京市鼓楼区2023-2024学年度高二(下)期末试卷 英语 2024.06.21 第一部 分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man suggest Karen do7 A. Find an easy job. B. Try a new project. C. Take good care of herself. 2. Where are the speakers mast probably? A. In a classroom. B. In a bookstore. C. In a library. 3. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student. 4. When will the lecture end? A. At 4:30 pm. B. At 5:00 pm. C. At 5:30 pm. 5. What do the speakers plan to do? A. Drive back home. B. Stay at the airport. C. Go to the airport hotel. 第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why did Johnson miss the game? A. He got the time wrong. B. He took swimming lessons. C. He worked on his biology project. 7. What does the woman think of the game? A. Wonderful. B. Disappointing. C. Average. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. How can the quality be ensured? A. By analyzing some samples. B. By making production fully automatic. C. By having all products inspected strictly. 9. How many units will be produced per month from October? A. 1,200. B. 1,000. C. 980. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What kind of book does the man want? A. A biography. B. A fantasy book. C. An adventure story. 11. Why does the woman buy books today? A. To complete her paper. B. To prepare a birthday gift. C. To learn more about a great man. 12. Which series of books will the woman take? A. Harry Potter. B. The Lord of the Rings. C. The Hunger Games. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13 What is the man doing? A. Having an interview. B. Applying for a job. C. Discussing a program. 14. What do we know about the man’s mother? A. She was a doctor. B. She was a housewife. C. She was a nurse. 15. What does the man do in his spare time? A. He reads books. B. He goes cycling. C. He works part-time. 16. Which school is the man's last choice? A. Yale. B. Stanford. C. Johns Hopkins. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17 What is the talk mainly about? A. Outdoor courses. B. Traveling plans. C. School activities. 18. What does “Nature” aim at helping students do? A. Acquire survival skills. B. Learn about wildlife. C. Improve maths scores. 19. What will the students learn to do this time? A. Make a birdhouse. B. Design backpacks. C. Feed birds. 20. How long will the students spend in “Nature” in total? A. 12 hours. B. 24 hours. C. 36 hours. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5 分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Be a Beekeeper fora Day! Learn about the fascinating world of honey bees in a way that few get to experience: ●Your tour, led by a professional beekeeper, will include suiting up in protective gear, lighting a bee smoker, and getting up close with more than 100,000 bees. ●Guided tours include protective gear and select drinks. ●Any children under the age of 18 must be accompanied by at least one paid adult. Price Starting at $35 Ages 13+: $50 Ages 6-12: $35 Time Saturdays Duration 1.5 Hours Place Two Hives Honey Ranch Things to know: Ensure you rive a few minutes before your start time to sign waivers (豁免协议) and get signed in. Tours are weather dependent, so if the forecast calls for rain, please watch your email 24 — 48 hours before in case we need to cancel/reschedule. What to bring: We will have a variety of protective gear for all of you. Please follow the guidelines: ◆Closed-toe shoes that cover the ankle are required. ◆Wear long pants and a long sleeve top. Try to stick to lighter colors on top. ◆Choose clothing that is loose fitting — nothing especially tight! ◆Avoid using materials that are hairy or made from sweater type materials. ◆Please avoid using any perfumes (香水) or creams — the bees are not fans of our smell. 1. What is the text? A A student’s scientific report. B. A user guide for keeping bees. C. An introduction to a scenic spot. D. An advertisement for a special tour. 2. If the weather doesn’t permit, what should participants do? A. Reschedule for another day. B. Check the email box in advance. C. Cancel their participation immediately. D. Prepare rain gear for better experience. 3. Which of the following is allowed during the tour? A. Being dressed in light-colored clothing. B. Wearing sweaters that are loose fitting. C. Using sunscreen with pleasant smells. D. Exploring independently at the age of 15. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个近距离接触蜜蜂的旅游项目。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“●Your tour, led by a professional beekeeper, will include suiting up in protective gear, lighting a bee smoker, and getting up close with more than 100,000 bees.(●在专业养蜂人的带领下，您将穿上防护装备，点燃蜜蜂烟，并与超过10万只蜜蜂近距离接触)”以及第三段“●Guided tours include protective gear and select drinks.(●导游服务包括防护装备和精选饮料)”结合文章主要介绍了一个近距离接触蜜蜂的旅游项目。可知，文章是一个特别旅游的广告。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Things to know部分第二段中“Tours are weather dependent, so if the forecast calls for rain, please watch your email 24 — 48 hours before in case we need to cancel/reschedule.(旅游取决于天气，所以如果天气预报说有雨，请在24到48小时前查看您的电子邮件，以防我们需要取消或重新安排)”可知，如果天气不允许，参加者应该提前查看邮箱。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据What to bring:下“◆Wear long pants and a long sleeve top. Try to stick to lighter colors on top.(穿长裤和长袖上衣。尽量外层穿浅色)”可知，在参观期间，可以穿着浅色的衣服。故选A。 B On November 2, 2021, my friend Lou messaged me with a challenge: “Amy and I are not buying any new clothes for a year…” My immediate reply was, “Definitely!” This might not be what people who know me would expect. As a child, I once invited a girl to my birthday party just because I had seen her in a beautiful dress. My love for fashion has continued into adulthood. However, I am also aware of the significant issues in the fashion industry: it’s highly polluting. There’s also the problem of waste, with the West often dumping (丢弃) unwanted clothing in other regions. So, when the invitation appeared, it seemed like the perfect opportunity to reset my relationship with clothes. The year pushed me to embrace better habits. I've always enjoyed looking for second-hand items, but when my only pair of trainers broke in an unfixable way, I urgently needed a replacement. The Vinted app helped me find one almost as quickly as buying new. I put more effort into making clothes. You quickly realize the labor involved once you start making shorts by yourself. Besides, removing the ease of buying new pushed me towards fixing instead, though a low point was taking a much-loved pair of shoes to a cobbler (修鞋匠), only to be told it’d be “cheaper to buy new”. Even though the year is officially over, I’m hoping to carry on with what I’ve learned. I’m trying to consume less overall, with a one in, one out’ rule with clothes. I’ve been noting down what clothes I wear each day, and whether I get 30 wears out of it (said to be the amount of times necessary to balance out the carbon emissions (排放) created to make a piece of clothing). These approaches are what work for me. But there are loads of different ways to do a fashion challenge. How useful, challenging, or appealing an approach sounds will vary from individual to individual. Whatever you do, roping in friends is recommended. They keep you motivated; they can also share ideas, and possibly clothes! 4. Why did the author accept the challenge of not buying clothes for one year? A. She accepted the challenge to satisfy her friend. B. She was concerned about the threat of fashion industry. C. She thought this would solve the problem of pollution. D. She had had enough of her deep connection with fashion. 5. How did the author feel when told it would be “cheaper to buy new”? A. Shocked. B. Discouraged. C. Frightened. D. Confused. 6. What does the number “30” in paragraph 6 mean? A. The author has been sticking to a 30-item clothing limit. B. A piece of clothing of good quality can be worn at least 30 times. C. The author would wear a piece of clothing 30 times for environmental reasons. D. If a piece of clothing was worn 30 times no carbon emission would be produced. 7. What is paragraph 7 mainly about? A. Suggestions the author gives to readers. B. The role of friends in achieving success. C. Uniqueness of the author's own experience. D. The change in the way the author views fashion. 【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是作者通过与朋友进行一年不买新衣服的挑战为时尚行业的高污染和服装浪费问题做出一份贡献。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, I am also aware of the significant issues in the fashion industry: it’s highly polluting. There’s also the problem of waste, with the West often dumping (丢弃) unwanted clothing in other regions.(然而，我也意识到时尚行业的重大问题：它的高污染。还有一个浪费的问题，西方经常把不需要的衣服倾倒在其他地区)”可知，作者意识到了时尚行业的污染和浪费问题很严重。由此可知，作者接受一年不买新衣服的挑战是因为她担心时装业带给环境的威胁。故选B项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Besides, removing the ease of buying new pushed me towards fixing instead, though a low point was taking a much-loved pair of shoes to a cobbler (修鞋匠), only to be told it’d be “cheaper to buy new”.(此外，买新鞋不再那么容易，促使我转而去修理，尽管有一次我把一双非常喜欢的鞋拿到补鞋店，却被告知“买新鞋更便宜”。)”可知，作者拿着鞋子去修补时，修鞋匠却告诉作者买新鞋子更便宜，作者本打算通过修鞋子减少浪费，却听到的是这样的结果，由此可推断，作者听到后会感到有些气馁。故选B项。 【6题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线数字后的“said to be the amount of times necessary to balance out the carbon emissions (排放) created to make a piece of clothing(据说这是平衡制造一件衣服所产生的碳排放所需的时间)”可知，该数字是平衡制造一件衣服所产生的碳排放做需要的时间，也就是把衣服穿30次是为了减少碳排放，保护环境。由此可推断，该数字表示的是出于环境原因，作者会将一件衣服穿30次。故选C项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第七段中的“These approaches are what work for me. But there are loads of different ways to do a fashion challenge.(这些方法对我很有效。但是有很多不同的方式来挑战时尚)”以及下文具体介绍的挑战时尚的方法和措施可知，本段主要时作者给读者挑战时尚的建议。故选A项。 C Have you ever forgotten a lunch date and stood up a good friend? This can be embarrassing and might indicate that your memory isn’t as sharp as before. How can we improve our memory? According to Charan Ranganath’s book, Why We Remember, there are many strategies. Taking good care of our physical bodies will improve our brain health generally, and so improve memory, says Ranganath. But we can also use the nature of memory to make certain memories stand out. Events are more memorable when they are novel. So, if we want to draw on a memory later, we can focus more on unexpected things in an experience. For example, going to a new restaurant with your partner will make the experience more memorable than going to one where you often dine. When it comes to learning, we can use special tricks. For example, we can use the phrase “King Philip came over for good spaghetti (意大利面)” to remember biological classification: kingdom (界), phylum (门), class (纲), order (目), family (科), genus (属), species (种). However, memory is not just about recalling. It is subjective and can change over time because our brains reconstruct memories each time we recall them. “Each time we revisit the past in our minds, we bring present information that can invisibly, and even dramatically change our memories,” says Ranganath. Factors like how recently something happened, how much something is repeated, and how we are feeling at the time will change how well we recall a memory. Also, the people around us can affect our memory for an event, by either sharing their own memory or by their expectations of how an event should be remembered. That’s why two people witnessing a street fight may see different things occurring, but eventually come to have similar memories about what happened. Their memories influence each other, more so if they talk it through after the fact. While we can use our memory to remember important lessons from life, we must also be humble. By understanding the way memory works, we can learn to strengthen it for the things we need to know and to avoid some of the pitfalls. 8. Which of the following actions can enhance the memorability of an event? A. Repeating a familiar routine. B. Experiencing something new. C. Engaging in physical activities. D. Focusing on everyday occurrences. 9. Why does the author mention “King Pilip came over for good spaghetti”? A. To highlight the unreliability of our memory. B. To illustrate how easily memories are forgotten. C. To demonstrate a memory aid technique for recalling. D. To help readers remember the order of biological classification. 10. What can we learn about the process of recalling memories from paragraph 6? A. Memories change our feelings when recalled. B. Memories remain permanently fixed over time. C. Memories become more detailed with recalling. D. Memories may change after the event is discussed. 11. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Why do we forget important dates? B. How do we reconstruct memory over time? C. How can we improve and understand our memory? D. Why do we remember certain events more than others? 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提升记忆力的方法，包括体验新事物、利用记忆技巧和理解记忆本质，同时探讨了记忆的主观性和可变性。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Events are more memorable when they are novel. So, if we want to draw on a memory later, we can focus more on unexpected things in an experience.(事件新颖时更令人难忘。因此，如果我们以后想利用记忆，我们可以更多地关注一次经历中意想不到的事情)”可知，体验新事物可以增强事件的记忆性。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“When it comes to learning, we can use special tricks. For example, we can use the phrase “King Philip came over for good spaghetti (意大利面)” to remember biological classification: kingdom (界), phylum (门), class (纲), order (目), family (科), genus (属), species (种).(说到学习，我们可以使用特殊的技巧。例如，我们可以用“菲利普国王来吃意大利面”这句话来记住生物分类：王国、门、纲、目、科、属、种)”可知，作者提到“King Philip came over for good spaghetti”是为了展示一种记忆辅助技巧，帮助读者记住生物分类的顺序。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段的“That’s why two people witnessing a street fight may see different things occurring, but eventually come to have similar memories about what happened. Their memories influence each other, more so if they talk it through after the fact.(这就是为什么两个目睹街头斗殴的人可能会看到不同的事情发生，但最终会对所发生的事情有相似的记忆。他们的记忆会相互影响，如果事后再谈，影响会更大)”可知，当我们讨论一个事件后，我们的记忆可能会受到影响，从而发生改变。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“How can we improve our memory? According to Charan Ranganath’s book, Why We Remember, there are many strategies.(我们怎样才能提高记忆力？根据查兰·兰加纳特的书《为什么我们记得》，有很多策略)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了如何提高和理解我们的记忆，包括通过体验新事物、使用记忆技巧以及理解记忆的本质来改善记忆。所以C项“我们如何提高和理解我们的记忆力？”适合作本文的标题。故选C。 D The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up. If you really succeed, you reach the top. But there is another type of career path. Sideways moves without a promotion or a pay rise, can be a benefit to employees and organizations alike. A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral (横向的) career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees. When they decided whether to stay in the company or not, chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay. Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cormell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations: employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways. The crab-like (螃蟹般的) career has other things going for it. One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills, employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills come contacts. Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network. Opening the door to more lateral moves is partly a practical matter. Some bigger employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the company; smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer. Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude. Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves, at the expense of workers and firms. And moving sideways still has less cachet (声望) than moving upwards. Most people find it not so easy to accept. 12. How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By telling personal stories. B. By providing research findings. C. By comparing different career paths. D. By making remarks on scientific reports. 13. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean? A. Lateral moves involve gaining new skills. B. Lateral moves are mainly for networking purposes. C. Transferring between teams leads to a larger network. D. Contacts are more important than skills in lateral moves. 14. What do many managers think of lateral career moves? A. They are a way to keep talent within the company. B They are seen as a threat to the manager’s own positions. C. They could potentially lead to talent loss within the team. D. They could contribute to the company's growth in the long run. 15. Who may embrace lateral moves? A. Bosses who value short-term profits. B. Employees who are eager for more skills. C. Managers who appreciate long-term stability. D. Job hunters who are interested in smaller firms. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了职场中横向调动问题，说明了这一做法的影响和好处。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral (横向的) career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees. When they decided whether to stay in the company or not, chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay. Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cormell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations: employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways. (麻省理工学院的唐纳德·苏尔及其合著者在2021年进行的一项研究发现，横向职业机会的可用性对留住员工有显著影响。当他们决定是否留在公司时，跳槽的机会比薪水重要2.5倍。南佛罗里达大学的金欣和康奈尔大学的迈克尔•沃尔德曼的另一篇论文得出结论，横向调动不仅对组织有利：经历过横向调动的员工比没有经历过横向调动的员工更有可能获得晋升，并且在以后的职业生涯中享有更高的工资增长。你可以先横向移动来向上移动)”可推知，作者通过提供研究结果展开第二段。故选B。 【13题详解】 句意猜测题。根据划线句后文“Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network.(团队之间的调动通常意味着建立一个更大的内部网络)”可知，团队之间的转移导致更大的网络。故划线句意思是“团队之间的转移导致更大的网络”。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves, at the expense of workers and firms.(许多管理者喜欢把人才留给自己，而牺牲员工和公司的利益)”可知，许多经理是认为横向职业调动可能会导致团队内部的人才流失。故选C。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills, employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills come contacts.(一是它是学习新事物的好方法。随着招聘过程越来越强调技能，雇主可能会相对不那么重视简历，而更看重你的知识。金和沃尔德曼的理由是，公司的高层往往是那些能力广而不深的人；这或许可以解释为什么横向调动有利于晋升。除了技能之外，还有人际关系)”可知，渴望获得更多技能的员工会接受横向调动。故选B。 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12. 5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite. ____16____ But to tell whether sharing our bedroom with our plants is a risk to health, we have to consider three things. ____17____ This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day. Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours. ____18____ Also, consider this. Indoor plants grow in less light than they would ideally get in nature. So, they photosynthesize (光合作用) at a lower rate. This further reduces their impact on air quality. Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out. ____19____ Even our movements can influence its flow. In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways.____20____ If sleeping near plants were bad for your health, camping in a forest would be definitely deadly. A. Firstly, how do plants breathe at night? B. So enjoy houseplants whenever you like. C. Firstly, do plants emit more CO2 at night? D. Camping can be a good escape if you are worried. E. This means they compete with us for air when we sleep. F. Indoor air is constantly exchanged through doors and windows. G. So you might want to send your partner away before your plants. 【答案】16. E 17. C 18. G 19. F 20. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就植物晚上是否会影响人类的问题进行了解释说明。 【16题详解】 根据上文“There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite.(有一种观点认为卧室里不宜种植植物。人们担心的是植物如何呼吸。白天，植物吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气，而到了晚上，情况却恰恰相反)”可知，上文提到植物晚上需要氧气，呼出二氧化碳。由此可知，本句是说明植物晚上对人的影响。故E选项“这意味着它们在我们睡觉时与我们争夺空气”符合语境，故选E。 【17题详解】 根据后文“This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day.(这个问题很难回答，因为它取决于各种因素，从物种到光照水平，甚至是室温。此外，关于室内环境中精确测量的研究也不多。值得庆幸的是，2015年，土耳其Kastamonu大学的研究人员发现，榕树和丝兰等室内植物被密封在玻璃盒中，白天吸收的二氧化碳是夜间排放的6到8倍。这导致在一整天中显著的净减少)”可知，本段主要介绍了关于植物夜间排放二氧化碳量多少的研究，故C选项“首先，植物在夜间排放更多的二氧化碳吗？”符合语境，故选C。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours.(其次，我们应该比较植物对空气质量的影响与其他潜在的竞争对手，如合作伙伴，一个人的呼吸含有大约40000 ppm的二氧化碳，比植物在8小时内产生的影响的10倍还多)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出伴侣对人的影响比植物更大。故G选项“所以你可能想在你的植物之前把你的伴侣打发走”符合语境，故选G。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out.(最后，很明显，我们并不是生活在进行这些研究的封闭盒子里)”可知，本句承接上文，说明不是生活在封闭盒子中的原因是存在气体交换的通道，故F选项“室内空气通过门窗不断交换”符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上文“In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways.(总之，在很多方面，我们家中的植物效应是非常小的)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出植物对人的影响小。故B选项“所以只要你喜欢，随时都可以欣赏室内植物”符合语境，故选B。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 You keep secrets from each other; you keep secrets from yourselves. Secrets____21____ you; secrets drive you apart. Keeping a secret can be a burden, while sharing secrets can be a ____22____, whether it’s with your old friend or a supportive family member. For children, learning to keep secrets is a(n) ____23____ milestone. In one study, researchers asked kids who were three, four, and five to play hide-and-seek and to keep a secret about a surprise. ____24____ to do the two tasks connected strongly with each other, and with the kids’ social cognition (认知). At three, the kids were fairly ____25____ at these tasks. By the age of five, most children can keep a secret, their cognitive development ____26____ the demands of this task. For adults, this is____27____ behavior. “____28____ all adults of normal intellectual and psychological functioning do keep personal secrets at one time or another,” writes Anita E. Kelly, author of The Psychology of Secrets. Yet ____29____ ages and cultures, multiple studies show the personal health _____30_____ of sharing your private hopes and fears with trusted friend — and the corresponding _____31_____ of keeping some secrets entirely to yourself. Truly _____32_____ relationships depend on really seeing another person, which means knowing the deep reaches that not everyone has access to. However, we can never completely merge with (融入) another, nor should we — being an adult requires _____33_____ healthy boundaries — but sharing these soft parts of ourselves allows others to love us, just as _____34_____ others’ secrets allows us to love them. The sweet spot is to _____35_____ more of the secrets than we feel comfortable with. But never all of them. 21. A. separate B. bond C. secure D. fail 22. A. relief B. bonus C. routine D. link 23. A. operational B. educational C. professional D. developmental 24. A. Orders B. Chances C. Abilities D. Qualifications 25. A. fearless B. hopeless C. selfless D. careless 26. A. showing B. dismissing C. matching D. contradicting 27. A. expected B. ignored C. puzzled D. attracted 28. A. Barely B. Partly C. Precisely D. Virtually 29. A. behind B. across C. within D. through 30. A. benefits B. relationships C. condition D. system 31. A. panic B. potential C. reward D. harm 32. A. close B. distant C. intense D. dynamic 33. A. extending B. breaking C. maintaining D. challenging 34. A. defining B. accepting C. translating D. revealing 35. A. guard B. share C. bury D. convey 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文分析了人类的保密行为，根据研究结果提倡人们适当地“分享秘密”。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：秘密使你们联结；秘密使你们分离。A. separate分离，分开；B. bond联系，联结；C. secure获得；D. fail失败，未能做成。空格处与后半句“secrets drive you apart”为相反意思，说明秘密带来的两个方向的影响，既使人联结，又使人隔阂。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：保守秘密可能是一种负担，而分享秘密则可能是种解脱，无论是与你的老朋友还是支持你的家人。A. relief轻松，解脱；B. bonus奖金；C. routine常规，惯例；D. link联系。while表示前后句意思相反，前句“Keeping a secret can be a burden”，后句则应是与burden相反的词,即“解脱”。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对孩子而言，学习保守秘密是一个里程碑。A. operational操作的；B. educational教育的；C. professional职业的；D. developmental发展的。此句针对孩子而言，“learning to keep secrets”是其发展过程中的一个具有里程碑意义的学习点。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：完成这两项任务的能力彼此密切相关，并且与孩子的社会认知紧密相连。A. Orders命令；B. Chances可能性，机率；C. Abilities能力；D. Qualifications资格。根据后文“At three, the kids were fairly ___5___ at these tasks. By the age of five, most children can keep a secret”描述的是不同年龄孩子任务完成的程度可知，本空格处应指孩子完成这两项任务的“能力”。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：三岁的孩子几乎无法胜任。A. fearless无所惧怕的；B. hopeless不能胜任的；C. selfless无私的；D. careless粗心大意的。根据后文“By the age of five, most children can keep a secret, their cognitive development ___6___ the demands of this task.”所描述的快五岁孩子能做到保守秘密可知，本空处应指三岁孩子比起五岁孩子而言，“无法胜任”这些任务。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到五岁之前，多数孩子可以保守秘密，他们的认知发展能够适应任务要求。A. showing显示，展示；B. dismissing不予考虑；C. matching满足，适应；D. contradicting矛盾。通过前文“By the age of five, most children can keep a secret”可知，五岁前的孩子可以保守秘密，说明他们的认知发展已足以达到任务要求。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对成年人而言，这是本应有的能力。A. expected期待，预料；B. ignored忽略；C. puzzled使困惑；D. attracted吸引。根据后文“___8___ all adults of normal intellectual and psychological functioning do keep personal secrets at one time or another”可知，正常成年人几乎都有保守秘密的能力，这是预料之中的、本就应有的能力。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎所有心智正常的成年人都保守过秘密。A. Barely几乎不；B. Partly部分；C. Precisely准确地，精确地；D. Virtually几乎，实际上。virtually和all连用，表示“几乎全部”之意，符合本句所指人群范围。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：然而，在不同的年龄和文化背景下，多项研究表明，与值得信赖的朋友分享你个人的希望和恐惧对你的健康有益，而完完全全地去保守一些秘密则会带来相应的危害。A. behind在……后面；B. across横过，跨越；C. within在……之内；D. through从一段至另一端，穿过。这里的studies是跨越不同年龄和文化背景的，故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在不同的年龄和文化背景下，多项研究表明，与值得信赖的朋友分享你的私人希望和恐惧对个人健康有益，而完完全全地去保守一些秘密则会带来相应的危害。A. benefits利益，益处；B. relationships关系；C. condition条件；D. system体系。根据下一段“Truly ___12___ relationships depend on really seeing another person, which means knowing the deep reaches that not everyone has access to.”可知，分享秘密是值得推荐的做法。因此这里应指“sharing your private hopes and fears with trusted friend”的“益处”。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在不同的年龄和文化背景下，多项研究表明，与值得信赖的朋友分享你的私人希望和恐惧对个人健康有益，而完完全全地去保守一些秘密则会带来相应的危害。A. panic恐慌；B. potential潜力；C. reward回报；D. harm伤害。与前文“the personal health benefits of sharing your private hopes and fears with your trusted friend”相反，“keeping some secrets entirely to yourself”是“有害的”。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正亲密的关系取决于能真正看到另一个人，这意味着知道并非每个人都能知道的内心秘密。A. close靠近的，亲近的；B. distant遥远的；C. intense强烈的；D. dynamic动态的，充满活力的。从后文“which means knowing the deep reaches that not everyone has access to”可知，这里指的是亲密的关系。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们永远不可能与另一个人完全融合，我们也不应该——作为一个成年人需要健康的界限——但分享我们自己这些柔软的部分会让别人爱我们，就像接受别人的秘密会让我们爱他们一样。A. extending延伸，扩展；B. breaking打破；C. maintaining维持，保持；D. challenging挑战。根据前文“we can never completely merge with (融入) another, nor should we”可知，我们也不应与他人完全地融合在一起，因此我们需“维持”界限。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们永远不可能与另一个人完全融合，我们也不应该——作为一个成年人需要健康的界限——但分享我们自己这些柔软的部分会让别人爱我们，就像接受别人的秘密会让我们爱他们一样。A. defining下定义；B. accepting接受；C. translating翻译；D. revealing揭示。just as后面的内容应与前文“but sharing these soft parts of ourselves allows others to love us”描述的情况一样，即分享自己的秘密，接受他人的秘密。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最佳尺度是分享比我们所能接受程度更多一些的秘密。A. guard保卫；B. share分享，分担；C. bury埋葬；D. convey传达。通过前文“but sharing these soft parts of ourselves allows others to love us, just as accepting others’ secrets allows us to love them.”可知，作者是提倡分享秘密的，本句说明的是分享秘密的最佳尺度拿捏。故选B项。 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wild, edible (可食的) spring plants--or chuncai in Chinese--have gained considerable attention from Chinese consumers this spring, as eating chuncai has become a way ____36____ (welcome) and celebrate the season. In major grocery markets, ____37____ wild vegetables are visible on stalls (摊位), prices vary up to dozens of yuan per kilogram.“____38____ they are more expensive than ordinary vegetables, they sell out before 10 am every day. They are seasonal delicacies,” said a stall owner in Nanjing, Jiangsu. According to a report ____39____ (release) by the JD Research Institute, over 50 types of chuncai are on sale ____40____ e-commerce platforms. The consumers are mainly in big cities ____41____ most were born between 1980 and 1999. People’s ____42____ (enthusiastic) for wild vegetables is contributing to a boom in the agritainment (农家乐), with huge numbers traveling to enjoy a taste of spring. Lin Yunli, who ____43____ (run) a bed-and-breakfast in the suburban Yanqing district of Beijing, has received an ____44____ (increase) number of tourists since the beginning of spring. “We updated our menu by adding wild vegetable ____45____ (dish), and they are popular among the guests,” said Lin. “Various wild vegetables grow near my house, and guests can take them home.” 【答案】36. to welcome 37. where 38. Although##Though##While 39. released 40. on 41. and 42. enthusiasm 43. runs##is running 44. increasing 45. dishes 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了春季野菜在中国受到消费者的关注，成为迎接和庆祝春天的美食，同时带动了农家乐旅游的繁荣。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年春天，野生可食用的春季植物——中文叫春菜——受到了中国消费者的极大关注，因为吃春菜已经成为欢迎和庆祝这个季节的一种方式。空处需要动词不定式作way的定语。a way to do sth.“做某事的方式”。故填to welcome。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在主要的杂货市场，摊位上摆放着各种野菜，价格高达每公斤几十元。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词markets。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【38题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：“尽管它们比普通蔬菜贵得多，但每天上午10点前就售罄了。它们是季节性的美味。”江苏南京的一位摊主说。空处需要一个从属连词来连接两个句子，根据句意可知，“尽管野菜比普通蔬菜贵得多，但是上午10点前就售罄了”。所以可用although，though或者while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。故填Although/Though/While。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据京东研究院发布的报告，超过50种春菜正在电子商务平台上销售。空处需要非谓语动词作定语，该动词和修饰的名词“a report”之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填released。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：根据京东研究院发布的报告，超过50种春菜正在电子商务平台上销售。on e-commerce platforms意思是“在电子商务平台上”，为介词短语作状语。故填on。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：消费者主要集中在大城市，其中大多数人出生于1980年至1999年之间。空处需要and连接了两个描述消费者的句子。第一个句子是“The consumers are mainly in big cities”，描述了消费者的主要地理位置；第二个句子是“most were born between 1980 and 1999”，描述了消费者的大部分出生年份，为逻辑上的并列关系。故填and。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：人们对野菜的热情正在推动农家乐旅游的繁荣，大量游客前来品尝春天的味道。根据空前的People’s可知，空处需用名词作主语，enthusiastic的名词形式为enthusiasm，表示“热情”。故填enthusiasm。 【43题详解】 考查时态以及主谓一致。句意：在北京延庆区郊区经营一家民宿的林云丽自春天开始以来，就接待了越来越多的游客。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，从句中描述一般事实，可用一般现在时态。也可用现在进行时态，表示“林云丽正在经营一家民宿”。who指代先行词Lin Yunli在从句中作主语。故填runs/is running。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在北京延庆区郊区经营一家民宿的林云丽自春天开始以来，就接待了越来越多的游客。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词number，increase的形容词形式为increasing，表示“越来越多的”。故填increasing。 【45题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：“我们更新了菜单，增加了野菜菜肴，它们很受客人欢迎，”林说。根据空前的wild vegetable可知，空处需用名词作宾语，dish为可数名词“菜肴”，此处需要一个名词复数形式来表示不同的菜肴。故填dishes。 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，下周你校将迎来一组美国中学生参观交流，校学生会现招募文化使者(Cultural Ambassadors)，负责陪同接待，请你用英文写一封自荐信。内容包括： (1) 表达参与意愿； (2) 介绍个人优势。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Student Union, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best Regards, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Student Union, I am writing to express my keen interest in becoming a cultural ambassador for the upcoming visit of the American high school students. As a fluent English speaker with a passion for cultural exchange, I am confident in my ability to make our guests feel welcome and provide them with an insightful experience of our culture. I am also known for my friendly and outgoing personality, which I believe will help facilitate meaningful interactions. I would be really honored if I could contribute to the success of this great event. Best Regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文写一封自荐信，想成为学校的文化使者陪同接待来学校参观交流的美国中学生。 【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：express → convey 即将到来的：upcoming → forthcoming 能力：ability → competence 荣幸的：honored → privileged 2.句式拓展 句式升级 原句：As a fluent English speaker with a passion for cultural exchange, I am confident in my ability to make our guests feel welcome and provide them with an insightful experience of our culture. 拓展句：As a fluent English speaker who has a passion for cultural exchange, I am confident in my ability to make our guests feel welcome and provide them with an insightful experience of our culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am also known for my friendly and outgoing personality, which I believe will help facilitate meaningful interactions. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I would be really honored if I could contribute to the success of this great event. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Chad was a friend I met at summer camp. And we love telling corny (老套的) food jokes. “You know what kind of fish you put on a sandwich?” Chad said. “A jellyfish (水母，jelly也有果酱的意思)!” “That was bad,” I laughed. “You know why the bread dough (面团) was sad? It just wanted to be kneaded (揉，音同needed)” “Wow, that was even worse.” Chad laughed back. Joking and laughing with Chad was turning out to be one of my favorite parts of camp. But a couple of days later, his joking around got confusing. “Hey,” he said, “did you forget your eyeglasses today?” I shook my head. “I don’t wear glasses.” “I just figured you couldn’t see very well,” he said. “The friendship bracelet (手链) you’re making looks so ugly, you should call it an enemy bracelet. Get it?” “Oh, ha! Yeah,” I said in a confused, not-exactly-laughing kind of way. But before I had a chance to stop and think about how those words actually made me feel, it was time to move on to the next activity. That night, when it was lights-out time, I lay awake, feeling not good. Half of my brain was thinking, “Chad was just joking around; don’t take it so hard.” But the other half of my brain was thinking, “Those bracelet comments felt more mean than fun. I knew that truly funny things shouldn’t make my stomach hurt.” The next day, Chad made another one of his “jokes” on the field. “Amy must think we’re playing golf instead of basketball,” he paused and smiled. Seeing my confusion, Chad said that each time Amy got the ball, it would just roll on the ground.” “Chad” I said. “I don’t think it’s funny.” “Why? What happened to your sense of humor?” he asked. I took a deep breath and decided to tell him my true feeling. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After a moment of heavy silence, Chad’s response came. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1: I took a deep breath and decided to tell him my true feeling. “Hey, Chad, I guess, we might have different ideas of what’s funny,” I began, my voice steady despite the butterflies in my stomach. I continued to explain that I did love our food jokes, but I didn’t think that ‘enemy bracelet’ comment was funny. I also mentioned the incident with Amy, emphasizing that it felt like he was making fun of her, not the situation. “Basically, I think laughing with people is way more fun than laughing at them.” Paragraph 2: After a moment of heavy silence, Chad’s response came. “You’re right. I didn’t realize my jokes could be hurtful. I’m sorry,” he admitted, his eyes reflecting a newfound understanding. A wave of relief washed over me as I responded, “I appreciate your apology, Chad. Let’s go back to the jokes that make everyone laugh, alright?” His smile slowly returned, genuine and beautiful. From that day on, our friendship was once again filled with laughter and the rest of the summer camp was a mix of activities and joy, just the way it was meant to be. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了查德是作者在夏令营认识的朋友，但是对方开的玩笑让作者感到不舒服，于是向查德坦白自己的感受，查德也认识到了自己的错误，向作者道了歉。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我深吸了一口气，决定告诉他我的真实感受”可知，第一段可描写作者坦白自己的感受。 ②由第二段首句内容“一阵沉痛的沉默之后，查德的回答来了”可知，第二段可描写查德意识到自己不该嘲笑别人，向作者道歉。 2. 续写线索：坦白感受——解释——查德沉默——查德回答——查德道歉——朋友和好——作者感悟 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①开始：begin/start ②继续：continue to/go on ③强调：emphasize/stress 情绪类 ①喜爱：love/be fond of ②欢乐：joy/happiness 【点睛】【高分句型1】I continued to explain that I did love our food jokes, but I didn’t think that ‘enemy bracelet’ comment was funny. (运用了that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Let’s go back to the jokes that make everyone laugh, alright? (运用了that引导定语从句) 听力1-5 CCBBC 6-10 CACAA 11-15 BCABB 16-20 CABAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 南京市鼓楼区2023-2024学年度高二(下)期末试卷 英语 2024.06.21 第一部 分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the man suggest Karen do7 A. Find an easy job. B. Try a new project. C. Take good care of herself. 2. Where are the speakers mast probably? A. In a classroom. B. In a bookstore. C. In a library. 3. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student. 4. When will the lecture end? A. At 4:30 pm. B. At 5:00 pm. C. At 5:30 pm. 5. What do the speakers plan to do? A. Drive back home. B. Stay at the airport. C. Go to the airport hotel. 第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6 Why did Johnson miss the game? A. He got the time wrong. B. He took swimming lessons. C He worked on his biology project. 7. What does the woman think of the game? A. Wonderful. B. Disappointing. C. Average. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. How can the quality be ensured? A. By analyzing some samples. B. By making production fully automatic. C. By having all products inspected strictly. 9. How many units will be produced per month from October? A. 1,200. B. 1,000. C. 980. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What kind of book does the man want? A. A biography. B. A fantasy book. C. An adventure story. 11. Why does the woman buy books today? A. To complete her paper. B. To prepare a birthday gift. C. To learn more about a great man. 12. Which series of books will the woman take? A. Harry Potter. B. The Lord of the Rings. C. The Hunger Games. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the man doing? A. Having an interview. B. Applying for a job. C. Discussing a program. 14. What do we know about the man’s mother? A. She was a doctor. B. She was a housewife. C. She was a nurse. 15. What does the man do in his spare time? A. He reads books. B. He goes cycling. C. He works part-time. 16. Which school is the man's last choice? A. Yale. B. Stanford. C. Johns Hopkins. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the talk mainly about? A. Outdoor courses. B. Traveling plans. C. School activities. 18. What does “Nature” aim at helping students do? A Acquire survival skills. B. Learn about wildlife. C. Improve maths scores. 19. What will the students learn to do this time? A. Make a birdhouse. B. Design backpacks. C. Feed birds. 20. How long will the students spend in “Nature” in total? A. 12 hours. B. 24 hours. C. 36 hours. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5 分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Be a Beekeeper fora Day! Learn about the fascinating world of honey bees in a way that few get to experience: ●Your tour, led by a professional beekeeper, will include suiting up in protective gear, lighting a bee smoker, and getting up close with more than 100,000 bees. ●Guided tours include protective gear and select drinks. ●Any children under the age of 18 must be accompanied by at least one paid adult. Price Starting at $35 Ages 13+: $50 Ages 6-12: $35 Time Saturdays Duration 15 Hours Place Two Hives Honey Ranch Things to know: Ensure you rive a few minutes before your start time to sign waivers (豁免协议) and get signed in. Tours are weather dependent, so if the forecast calls for rain, please watch your email 24 — 48 hours before in case we need to cancel/reschedule. What to bring: We will have a variety of protective gear for all of you. Please follow the guidelines: ◆Closed-toe shoes that cover the ankle are required. ◆Wear long pants and a long sleeve top. Try to stick to lighter colors on top. ◆Choose clothing that is loose fitting — nothing especially tight! ◆Avoid using materials that are hairy or made from sweater type materials. ◆Please avoid using any perfumes (香水) or creams — the bees are not fans of our smell. 1. What is the text? A. A student’s scientific report. B. A user guide for keeping bees. C. An introduction to a scenic spot. D. An advertisement for a special tour. 2. If the weather doesn’t permit, what should participants do? A. Reschedule for another day. B. Check the email box in advance. C. Cancel their participation immediately. D. Prepare rain gear for better experience. 3. Which of the following is allowed during the tour? A. Being dressed in light-colored clothing. B. Wearing sweaters that are loose fitting. C. Using sunscreen with pleasant smells. D. Exploring independently at the age of 15. B On November 2, 2021, my friend Lou messaged me with a challenge: “Amy and I are not buying any new clothes for a year…” My immediate reply was, “Definitely!” This might not be what people who know me would expect. As a child, I once invited a girl to my birthday party just because I had seen her in a beautiful dress. My love for fashion has continued into adulthood. However, I am also aware of the significant issues in the fashion industry: it’s highly polluting. There’s also the problem of waste, with the West often dumping (丢弃) unwanted clothing in other regions. So, when the invitation appeared, it seemed like the perfect opportunity to reset my relationship with clothes. The year pushed me to embrace better habits. I've always enjoyed looking for second-hand items, but when my only pair of trainers broke in an unfixable way, I urgently needed a replacement. The Vinted app helped me find one almost as quickly as buying new. I put more effort into making clothes. You quickly realize the labor involved once you start making shorts by yourself. Besides, removing the ease of buying new pushed me towards fixing instead, though a low point was taking a much-loved pair of shoes to a cobbler (修鞋匠), only to be told it’d be “cheaper to buy new”. Even though the year is officially over, I’m hoping to carry on with what I’ve learned. I’m trying to consume less overall, with a one in, one out’ rule with clothes. I’ve been noting down what clothes I wear each day, and whether I get 30 wears out of it (said to be the amount of times necessary to balance out the carbon emissions (排放) created to make a piece of clothing). These approaches are what work for me. But there are loads of different ways to do a fashion challenge. How useful, challenging, or appealing an approach sounds will vary from individual to individual. Whatever you do, roping in friends is recommended. They keep you motivated; they can also share ideas, and possibly clothes! 4. Why did the author accept the challenge of not buying clothes for one year? A. She accepted the challenge to satisfy her friend. B. She was concerned about the threat of fashion industry. C. She thought this would solve the problem of pollution. D. She had had enough of her deep connection with fashion. 5. How did the author feel when told it would be “cheaper to buy new”? A. Shocked. B. Discouraged. C. Frightened. D. Confused. 6. What does the number “30” in paragraph 6 mean? A. The author has been sticking to a 30-item clothing limit. B. A piece of clothing of good quality can be worn at least 30 times. C. The author would wear a piece of clothing 30 times for environmental reasons. D. If a piece of clothing was worn 30 times, no carbon emission would be produced. 7. What is paragraph 7 mainly about? A. Suggestions the author gives to readers. B. The role of friends in achieving success. C. Uniqueness of the author's own experience. D. The change in the way the author views fashion. C Have you ever forgotten a lunch date and stood up a good friend? This can be embarrassing and might indicate that your memory isn’t as sharp as before. How can we improve our memory? According to Charan Ranganath’s book, Why We Remember, there are many strategies. Taking good care of our physical bodies will improve our brain health generally, and so improve memory, says Ranganath. But we can also use the nature of memory to make certain memories stand out. Events are more memorable when they are novel. So, if we want to draw on a memory later, we can focus more on unexpected things in an experience. For example, going to a new restaurant with your partner will make the experience more memorable than going to one where you often dine. When it comes to learning, we can use special tricks. For example, we can use the phrase “King Philip came over for good spaghetti (意大利面)” to remember biological classification: kingdom (界), phylum (门), class (纲), order (目), family (科), genus (属), species (种). However, memory is not just about recalling. It is subjective and can change over time because our brains reconstruct memories each time we recall them. “Each time we revisit the past in our minds, we bring present information that can invisibly, and even dramatically change our memories,” says Ranganath. Factors like how recently something happened, how much something is repeated, and how we are feeling at the time will change how well we recall a memory. Also, the people around us can affect our memory for an event, by either sharing their own memory or by their expectations of how an event should be remembered. That’s why two people witnessing a street fight may see different things occurring, but eventually come to have similar memories about what happened. Their memories influence each other, more so if they talk it through after the fact. While we can use our memory to remember important lessons from life, we must also be humble. By understanding the way memory works, we can learn to strengthen it for the things we need to know and to avoid some of the pitfalls. 8. Which of the following actions can enhance the memorability of an event? A. Repeating a familiar routine. B. Experiencing something new. C. Engaging in physical activities. D. Focusing on everyday occurrences. 9. Why does the author mention “King Pilip came over for good spaghetti”? A. To highlight the unreliability of our memory. B. To illustrate how easily memories are forgotten. C. To demonstrate a memory aid technique for recalling. D. To help readers remember the order of biological classification. 10. What can we learn about the process of recalling memories from paragraph 6? A. Memories change our feelings when recalled. B. Memories remain permanently fixed over time. C. Memories become more detailed with recalling. D. Memories may change after the event is discussed. 11. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Why do we forget important dates? B. How do we reconstruct memory over time? C. How can we improve and understand our memory? D. Why do we remember certain events more than others? D The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up. If you really succeed, you reach the top. But there is another type of career path. Sideways moves without a promotion or a pay rise, can be a benefit to employees and organizations alike. A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral (横向的) career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees. When they decided whether to stay in the company or not, chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay. Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cormell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations: employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways. The crab-like (螃蟹般的) career has other things going for it. One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills, employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills come contacts. Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network. Opening the door to more lateral moves is partly a practical matter. Some bigger employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the company; smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer. Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude. Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves, at the expense of workers and firms. And moving sideways still has less cachet (声望) than moving upwards. Most people find it not so easy to accept. 12. How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By telling personal stories. B. By providing research findings. C. By comparing different career paths. D. By making remarks on scientific reports. 13. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean? A. Lateral moves involve gaining new skills. B. Lateral moves are mainly for networking purposes. C. Transferring between teams leads to a larger network. D. Contacts are more important than skills in lateral moves. 14. What do many managers think of lateral career moves? A. They are a way to keep talent within the company. B. They are seen as a threat to the manager’s own positions. C. They could potentially lead to talent loss within the team. D. They could contribute to the company's growth in the long run. 15. Who may embrace lateral moves? A. Bosses who value short-term profits. B. Employees who are eager for more skills. C. Managers who appreciate long-term stability. D. Job hunters who are interested in smaller firms. 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12. 5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day at night this is the opposite. ____16____ But to tell whether sharing our bedroom with our plants is a risk to health, we have to consider three things. ____17____ This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day. Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours. ____18____ Also, consider this. Indoor plants grow in less light than they would ideally get in nature. So, they photosynthesize (光合作用) at a lower rate. This further reduces their impact on air quality. Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out. ____19____ Even our movements can influence its flow. In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways.____20____ If sleeping near plants were bad for your health, camping in a forest would be definitely deadly. A. Firstly, how do plants breathe at night? B. So enjoy houseplants whenever you like. C. Firstly, do plants emit more CO2 at night? D. Camping can be a good escape if you are worried. E. This means they compete with us for air when we sleep. F. Indoor air is constantly exchanged through doors and windows. G. So you might want to send your partner away before your plants. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 You keep secrets from each other; you keep secrets from yourselves. Secrets____21____ you; secrets drive you apart. Keeping a secret can be a burden, while sharing secrets can be a ____22____, whether it’s with your old friend or a supportive family member. For children, learning to keep secrets is a(n) ____23____ milestone. In one study, researchers asked kids who were three, four, and five to play hide-and-seek and to keep a secret about a surprise. ____24____ to do the two tasks connected strongly with each other, and with the kids’ social cognition (认知). At three, the kids were fairly ____25____ at these tasks. By the age of five, most children can keep a secret, their cognitive development ____26____ the demands of this task. For adults, this is____27____ behavior. “____28____ all adults of normal intellectual and psychological functioning do keep personal secrets at one time or another,” writes Anita E. Kelly, author of The Psychology of Secrets. Yet ____29____ ages and cultures, multiple studies show the personal health _____30_____ of sharing your private hopes and fears with trusted friend — and the corresponding _____31_____ of keeping some secrets entirely to yourself. Truly _____32_____ relationships depend on really seeing another person, which means knowing the deep reaches that not everyone has access to. However, we can never completely merge with (融入) another, nor should we — being an adult requires _____33_____ healthy boundaries — but sharing these soft parts of ourselves allows others to love us, just as _____34_____ others’ secrets allows us to love them. The sweet spot is to _____35_____ more of the secrets than we feel comfortable with. But never all of them. 21. A. separate B. bond C. secure D. fail 22. A. relief B. bonus C. routine D. link 23. A. operational B. educational C. professional D. developmental 24. A. Orders B. Chances C. Abilities D. Qualifications 25. A. fearless B. hopeless C. selfless D. careless 26. A. showing B. dismissing C. matching D. contradicting 27. A. expected B. ignored C. puzzled D. attracted 28. A. Barely B. Partly C. Precisely D. Virtually 29. A. behind B. across C. within D. through 30. A. benefits B. relationships C. condition D. system 31. A. panic B. potential C. reward D. harm 32. A. close B. distant C. intense D. dynamic 33. A. extending B. breaking C. maintaining D. challenging 34. A. defining B. accepting C. translating D. revealing 35. A. guard B. share C. bury D. convey 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wild, edible (可食的) spring plants--or chuncai in Chinese--have gained considerable attention from Chinese consumers this spring, as eating chuncai has become a way ____36____ (welcome) and celebrate the season. In major grocery markets, ____37____ wild vegetables are visible on stalls (摊位), prices vary up to dozens of yuan per kilogram.“____38____ they are more expensive than ordinary vegetables, they sell out before 10 am every day. They are seasonal delicacies,” said a stall owner in Nanjing, Jiangsu. According to a report ____39____ (release) by the JD Research Institute, over 50 types of chuncai are on sale ____40____ e-commerce platforms. The consumers are mainly in big cities ____41____ most were born between 1980 and 1999. People’s ____42____ (enthusiastic) for wild vegetables is contributing to a boom in the agritainment (农家乐), with huge numbers traveling to enjoy a taste of spring. Lin Yunli, who ____43____ (run) a bed-and-breakfast in the suburban Yanqing district of Beijing, has received an ____44____ (increase) number of tourists since the beginning of spring. “We updated our menu by adding wild vegetable ____45____ (dish), and they are popular among the guests,” said Lin. “Various wild vegetables grow near my house, and guests can take them home.” 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，下周你校将迎来一组美国中学生参观交流，校学生会现招募文化使者(Cultural Ambassadors)，负责陪同接待，请你用英文写一封自荐信。内容包括： (1) 表达参与意愿； (2) 介绍个人优势。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Student Union, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best Regards, Li Hua 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Chad was a friend I met at summer camp. And we love telling corny (老套的) food jokes. “You know what kind of fish you put on a sandwich?” Chad said. “A jellyfish (水母，jelly也有果酱的意思)!” “That was bad,” I laughed. “You know why the bread dough (面团) was sad? It just wanted to be kneaded (揉，音同needed)” “Wow, that was even worse.” Chad laughed back. Joking and laughing with Chad was turning out to be one of my favorite parts of camp. But a couple of days later, his joking around got confusing. “Hey,” he said, “did you forget your eyeglasses today?” I shook my head. “I don’t wear glasses.” “I just figured you couldn’t see very well,” he said. “The friendship bracelet (手链) you’re making looks so ugly, you should call it an enemy bracelet. Get it?” “Oh, ha! Yeah,” I said in a confused, not-exactly-laughing kind of way. But before I had a chance to stop and think about how those words actually made me feel, it was time to move on to the next activity. That night, when it was lights-out time, I lay awake, feeling not good. Half of my brain was thinking, “Chad was just joking around; don’t take it so hard.” But the other half of my brain was thinking, “Those bracelet comments felt more mean than fun. I knew that truly funny things shouldn’t make my stomach hurt.” The next day, Chad made another one of his “jokes” on the field. “Amy must think we’re playing golf instead of basketball,” he paused and smiled. Seeing my confusion, Chad said that each time Amy got the ball, it would just roll on the ground.” “Chad” I said. “I don’t think it’s funny.” “Why? What happened to your sense of humor?” he asked. I took a deep breath and decided to tell him my true feeling. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After a moment of heavy silence, Chad’s response came. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1-5 CCBBC 6-10 CACAA 11-15 BCABB 16-20 CABAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$