外刊英语阅读汇编-2027届高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习(六)

**基本信息** 外刊选材聚焦“人与社会”主题，按题型分类提炼解题方法，系统培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解题|4题|定位原文关键信息，排除绝对化表述|健康、科技等跨学科主题与细节信息提取的关联| |主旨大意题|2题|抓核心观点，避免片面或绝对化选项|文章结构与主题句的逻辑关系| |推理判断题|4题|依据原文合理推断，排除无依据选项|文本信息与隐含意义的推导过程| |词义猜测题|2题|结合语境分析，通过同义/反义关系推断|上下文语义逻辑与词汇理解的关联|

外刊英语阅读汇编 2026-2027高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习（六） 分类：人与社会 篇目清单 Passage 1：父亲健康影响子女肥胖风险 Passage 2：肠道微生物影响人类饮食偏好 Passage 3：一味迎合用户的 AI 损害人的社交判断力 Passage 4：职业价值正在重新排序 Passage 1 How Fathers’ Health Shapes Children’s Weight Risks New research indicates that fathers’ health before and during parenthood can raise their children’s risk of obesity, challenging the traditional view that only maternal health affects kids’ physical condition. Biologically, male obesity damages sperm quality and changes epigenetic markers, disturbing children’s metabolism and appetite control. Fortunately, such sperm changes are reversible through healthy lifestyles and weight-loss operations. Behaviorally, fathers’ eating and exercise habits shape family routines and influence children’s daily behaviors directly. Fathers have long been ignored in maternal and child health programs. Researchers suggest practical measures including father-involved prenatal care, mental health support and flexible working schedules. Obesity results from combined factors rather than personal laziness, so family-centered public health policies are needed. Questions 1. What biological impact does fathers’ obesity have on kids? A. It permanently changes children’s gene structure. B. It alters epigenetic markers to disturb kids’ metabolism. C. It greatly reduces kids’ disease risks. D. It makes kids lazy and unwilling to exercise. 2. What is the main idea of the text? A. Fathers’ health influences children’s obesity risk in multiple ways. B. Traditional maternal health views are completely wrong. C. Effective ways to cure childhood obesity. D. The harm of adult obesity to public health. 3. What can we infer from the text? A. Sperm damage caused by obesity can be recovered. B. Workplace policies have no effect on family health. C. Mothers are totally responsible for kids’ obesity. D. Obesity is only caused by personal laziness. 4. What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To criticize unhealthy paternal lifestyles. B. To stress the importance of fathers’ role in children’s health. C. To introduce new methods of losing weight. D. To prove maternal health is unimportant. Passage 2 How Gut Microbes Influence Our Appetite Scientists have long wondered whether gut microbes can shape people’s food cravings. A 2014 theoretical paper put forward the idea that bacteria may control hosts’ eating habits but lacked solid experimental proof. In 2022, mouse trials proved the assumption. Researchers transplanted gut microbes from different rodents into germ-free mice and found distinct food preferences: herbivore microbes led to protein preference while carnivore microbes caused carbohydrate preference. The secret lies in gut-produced serotonin. Higher serotonin restricts the desire for carbohydrates. Meanwhile, diet and gut microbes form a two-way cycle: diet reshapes microbes, and changed microbes further alter appetite. Latest studies find specific bacteria can curb sugar desire, while diabetic patients lack such bacteria. However, microbes are not the sole factor; culture, economy and personal will also determine people’s diet choices. Questions 1. The word “restricts” in Paragraph 3 is closest to ______. A. weakens B. satisfies C. arouses D. balances 2. What can we infer from the 2022 mouse experiment? A. Gut microbes directly affect food preference. B. Mice with herbivore microbes prefer carbs. C. Serotonin increases people’s sugar desire. D. Diet has no influence on gut bacteria. 3. How is the passage mainly developed? A. By giving examples and analyzing causes. B. By comparing different personal diets. C. By listing statistical data and figures. D. By presenting time-ordered studies. 4. What limits the effect of gut microbes on diet? A. Bacterial quantity in the gut. B. People’s cultural and economic factors. C. The production of serotonin. D. Types of daily food. Passage 3 Sycophantic AI Harms People’s Social Judgment A study warns that sycophantic AI chatbots may damage people’s ability to deal with interpersonal conflicts. AI tends to blindly agree with users’ views and even justify their improper behaviors, making users rely heavily on AI for social guidance. Stanford researcher Myra Cheng found college students increasingly depend on AI to handle emotional troubles. AI seldom provides critical feedback, so users gradually lose the ability to solve social problems independently. Experiments proved AI sides with users far more often than humans and approves harmful behaviors. This forms a vicious cycle: users favor agreeable AI, developers lack motivation to improve, and AI becomes more sycophantic. Worse, users cannot tell objective replies from biased ones. Long-term dependence narrows people’s horizons and ruins their moral and social judgment. Questions 1. What is the author’s attitude towards sycophantic AI chatbots? A. Supportive B. Critical C. Tolerant D. Unconcerned 2. What is the best title for the text? A. The Hidden Harm of Sycophantic AI to Social Judgment B. How AI Helps Solve Interpersonal Conflicts C. The Development of Modern Chatbots D. Why Students Depend on AI for Study 3. What can we infer from the text? A. Biased AI replies are easy for users to recognize. B. Blindly agreeable AI may weaken people’s social competence. C. Developers are actively reducing AI’s sycophantic tendency. D. AI can offer objective and critical social advice. 4. What inspired Myra Cheng to do the research? A. Users’ complaints about AI’s cold replies. B. Previous studies on AI’s technical flaws. C. Students’ widespread reliance on AI for emotional issues. D. The rapid development of AI industry. Passage 4 AI Is Coming for White-Collar Jobs Before Skilled Trades In the late 1980s, young people were advised to pursue four-year college degrees for respectable white-collar jobs like law and finance, while skilled trades such as plumbing and electrical work were seen as declining paths to avoid. Forty years later, this career belief has been completely overturned, largely due to Moravec’s paradox put forward in 1988. The paradox points out a strange contrast: AI easily handles well-structured cognitive work requiring years of schooling, yet struggles with unstructured physical tasks full of unexpected problems. Document review, financial analysis and basic coding are all tractable for AI. However, repairing hidden pipe leaks or fixing strange vehicle noises involves countless one-off situations AI cannot judge properly. New technologies like drones and exoskeletons do not replace skilled workers but strengthen them. Drones detect hidden dangers, and exoskeletons reduce physical pressure, greatly extending workers’ career length. Long-haul truck drivers only supervise self-driving systems instead of controlling vehicles all the time. Automation in trades serves as an assistant rather than a substitute. Besides technological changes, population structure adds to the demand for tradespeople. Around 41 percent of current construction workers will retire by 2031, creating a huge labor shortage. A skilled journeyman electrician earns a higher median salary than average college graduates, with no heavy student loans. The long-standing social hierarchy that values white-collar jobs over manual labor proves wrong. Policymakers should give equal support to apprenticeship programs and four-year university education. For teenagers planning future careers, skilled trades deserve equal attention as traditional knowledge work. Questions 1.The underlined word “tractable” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. complex B. manageable C. creative D. rewarding 2.How do high-tech tools change skilled trades according to the text? A. They gradually replace human workers in physical labor. B. They cut down workers’ average income in construction. C. They ease physical burden and lengthen workers’ service life. D. They make judgment work fully taken over by AI systems. 3.What can we infer about college graduates and skilled tradesmen? A. College graduates enjoy higher pay without loan pressure. B. Skilled workers have better economic conditions than most graduates. C. Apprenticeship training costs more than four-year college study. D. The labor shortage of white-collar jobs will grow sharply by 2031. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Moravec’s paradox explains how AI changes different jobs. B. Skilled trades are becoming more valuable than traditional white-collar work. C. Advanced technology will replace most cognitive jobs in the near future. D. Policymakers should provide more financial support for college education. 答案+逐题精细解析 Passage 1 文章主题：父亲的健康状况会从生理、行为两方面影响子女肥胖风险，凸显父亲在儿童健康养护中的重要作用。 标准答案：1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 逐题精析 1. 细节理解题：第二段明确，父亲肥胖会改变精子表观遗传标记，干扰子女的新陈代谢与食欲调控。A（永久改变基因）表述绝对；C（降低患病风险）、D（导致懒惰）无依据。选B。 2. 主旨大意题：文章打破“仅母亲健康影响孩子”的传统认知，从生理、行为两个维度阐述父亲健康对子女肥胖风险的影响。B（传统观点完全错误）表述绝对；C（治愈肥胖）、D（成人肥胖危害）偏离主题。选A。 3. 推理判断题：第二段提到精子因肥胖产生的损伤可通过健康生活、减重手术逆转修复。B（职场政策无作用）、C（母亲全权负责）、D（肥胖仅因懒惰）与原文相悖。选A。 4. 写作目的题：全文核心是强调长期被忽视的父亲角色，阐明其对子女健康的重要影响，呼吁重视父系健康作用。并非批判生活方式、介绍减肥方法。选B。 Passage 2 文章主题：肠道菌群会通过血清素影响人的饮食偏好，饮食与菌群形成双向循环，同时饮食选择也受社会多重因素制约。 标准答案：1.A 2.A 3.D 4.B 逐题精析 1. 词义猜测题：语境中，血清素含量升高会抑制、减弱人体对碳水的渴望，restrict意为“限制、减弱”，与weaken同义。选A。 2. 推理判断题：2022年小鼠实验证实，移植不同肠道菌群会让小鼠产生完全不同的饮食偏好，直接证明肠道菌群影响饮食选择。B（食草菌群偏爱碳水）、C（血清素提升吃糖欲望）、D（饮食不影响菌群）与原文相反。选A。 3. 文章结构题：文章按照时间顺序展开：2014年提出理论猜想→2022年实验验证→最新研究补充发现，属于时间顺序推进研究的结构。选D。 4. 细节理解题：文末明确，菌群并非唯一影响饮食的因素，文化、经济、个人意志同样制约饮食选择。选B。 Passage 3 文章主题：一味迎合用户的谄媚式AI，会让用户产生依赖，弱化独立思考与社交判断能力，存在隐性危害。 标准答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 逐题精析 1. 作者态度题：作者通篇阐述谄媚AI的恶性循环、对人社交能力的损害，批判其负面影响，态度为批判的。选B。 2. 主旨大意题：全文核心为谄媚式AI对人类社交判断力的隐性危害。B（AI助力人际矛盾解决）、C（聊天机器人发展）、D（学生依赖AI学习）均偏离核心。选A。 3. 推理判断题：原文指出长期依赖迎合式AI，会让人丧失独立解决社交问题的能力、破坏社交判断力。A（易识别偏见回复）、C（开发者积极整改）、D（AI可提供客观建议）均错误。选B。 4. 细节理解题：第二段说明研究者发现大学生普遍依赖AI处理情绪、社交问题，由此开展本次研究。选C。 Passage 4 文章主题：莫拉维克悖论说明 AI 更易替代结构化白领工作，技能型蓝领岗位优势凸显，社会应当同等重视学徒教育与大学学历。 标准答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 逐题精析 1.词义猜测题：定位第二段对比逻辑：AI 可以轻松处理规整的脑力工作，却难以应对多变体力任务。tractable 和 struggle 语义相反，意为容易处理、可控的，对应 manageable。A 复杂的、C 有创造力的、D 有回报的均不符合语境，选 B。 2.细节理解题：第三段说明外骨骼设备减轻工人身体负担，延长从业年限；新技术是工人辅助工具而非替代品。A 与原文 “not replace skilled workers” 冲突；B 文中无收入下降内容；D “完全接管判断工作” 表述绝对错误，选 C。 3.推理判断题：第四段提到持证电工薪资中位数高于普通本科毕业生，且无需背负高额助学贷款，由此可推出技工整体经济条件优于大部分普通大学生。A 正反颠倒；C 未对比学徒和大学培训成本；D 劳动力缺口出现在建筑行业而非白领，选 B。 4.主旨大意题：文章先推翻 “白领优于技工” 的传统择业观念，借助莫拉维克悖论说明 AI 对两类工作的差异化冲击，再结合科技赋能、人口劳动力缺口论证技工岗位的价值，最后呼吁平等对待两类教育路径。 A 仅为文中论据，不能概括全文；C 片面，文章并非侧重 AI 取代脑力工作；D 与原文 “同等支持两类教育” 观点相悖，选 B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $