专题10 阅读理解（说明文）（5年汇编）（陕西专用）2022-2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦陕西中考英语说明文阅读，汇编2022-2026年真题及2026年三模题，覆盖学习方法、自然科普、文化传承等主题，题型稳定且梯度分明。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|每篇3-4题|细节理解（如2026真题第1题）、词义猜测（如2026延安三模第1题）、主旨大意（如2025真题第1题）、推理判断（如2024真题第3题）|素材含科技前沿（心脏“迷你大脑”）、文化传承（秦腔）等；结合迷你词典、图表等辅助阅读；渗透学习能力（如阅读方法指导）与文化意识（中外文化对比）|

专题10 阅读理解（说明文） 考点分类 陕西考情（2022-2026） 命题规律 说明文 5年6考 选材覆盖学习方法、自然科普、语言词汇、中外文化、学科指导；题型稳定：细节计数、代词指代、词义猜测、主旨、推理判断。行文多用总分结构，常以举例、分点罗列说理；题干全部依托原文定位，侧重概括段落大意、辨别论证方式，渗透学习方法与科普素养。 （2026·陕西·中考真题）Do you like reading? Do you often read English stories, poems, short stories or any other books? As we all know, reading plays a very important role in English learning. It will help build your vocabulary, develop your sense of the English language, and open your mind. However, not all books are proper for you. If you are a beginner who learns English, here are some general rules to choose a book. You should look for books for learners of English. To start with, look for beginning level books: Level 1 or Stage 1. Later, when your English becomes better, you can move on to a higher level. Ask your teacher where to find the books for your level. There may be some in the school or classroom library. You may also find books for learners in bookstores or public libraries. Then, choose a book that interests you. Your teacher and friends may have good ideas. The important thing is to choose a book that you want to read. At the end of this unit, there is a list of books. Before you choose a book, find out if it is proper for you. Follow these steps to preview (预览) it: ● Read the title, back cover and first few pages. What is the book about? Is it interesting? ● Look at the first few pages again. How many words are new for you? > No new words. This book may be too easy for you. > 1~5 new words on each page. This book is the right level for you. > 6 or more new words on each page. This book may be too difficult for you. Note: You may choose from these books, or you may choose different books. 1．How many advantages of reading English books are mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which paragraph or paragraphs tell(s) us the general rules to choose a book? A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraphs 2 and 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 4 and the note. 3．According to the passage, the book with ________ new words on each page is proper for Liu Han, an English beginner. A．without any new words B．with 3 or 4 new words C．with 6 new words D．with more than 6 new words 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A novel. B．A poem collection. C．A textbook. D．A story book. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了阅读对英语学习的重要性，并为英语初学者提供了选择合适书籍的建议。 1．第一段指出：“It will help build your vocabulary, develop your sense of the English language, and open your mind.”，共三个好处。 2．第二段和第三段分别从书籍级别“You should look for books for learners of English”（第二段）和兴趣爱好“choose a book that interests you”（第三段）两方面给出了选书的一般规则。 3．“Look at the first few pages again”部分指出：“1~5 new words on each page. This book is the right level for you.”，每页出现1~5个生词为合适的级别，选项3~4个新词属于这个范围。 4．本文是一篇关于如何选书的指导性文章，最可能出自教科书。 （2025·陕西·中考真题） Note: 1 million is the number 1,000,000; 1 billion is the number 1,000,000,000. Mini dictionary ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations an association whose aim is to encourage the economic development of southeast Asia. The members include 10 countries, such as Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and so on. cooperate /kəʊ'ɒpəreɪt/ v. to work together with someone else in a helpful way: The two companies agreed to cooperate with each other. →cooperation n. coordinated /kəʊ'ɔ:dɪnˌeɪtɪd/ adj. 1 able to control your body and make it move smoothly: a well-coordinated young boy 2 organized so that people or things work together well: a coordinated effort to get the rules changed economy /ɪ'kɒnəml/ n. the way that a country spends its money and makes, buys and sells things: the economies of Canada and Germany →economic adj. Innovation /ˌɪnə'veɪʃən/ n. a new idea, method, or invention, or the introduction and use of new ideas or methods: recent innovations in English teaching vehicle /'vi:əkl/ n. a car, bus, bicycle, etc; a thing that takes people or things from place to place; Have you locked your vehicle? 1．How many parts are there in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．The underlined word “hit” in the text probably means “_________”. A．reached B．broke C．knocked hard on D．was quite against 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．China is Malaysia’s second-largest trading partner and largest source of imports. B．China and Malaysia have worked better in new energy vehicles since 16 years ago. C．Fewer than 33,000 Chinese students studied in Malaysia before 2024. D．Visitors from China took 3.8 million trips to Malaysia in the year 2024. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国与马来西亚在经济、教育、旅游等领域的合作与发展情况，并附有相关数据和小词典。 1．细节理解题。根据“Trade”、“Cooperation”和“Culture and Tourism”可知，文本有贸易、合作、文化和旅游三个部分。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“In 2024, the trade between China and Malaysia hit a record high of $212.04 billion”可知，此处说的是中马贸易达到了2120.4亿美元的历史新高，故“hit”在这里意思是 reached“达到”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“In 2024, Chinese tourists made 3.8 million trips to Malaysia.”可知，2024年，中国赴马游客达380万人次。故选D。 （2025·陕西·中考真题）Most people agree that trees look nice. But not too many people know trees can also help us save money. Environmental scientists did some research and they learned that just one tree can save a city about 2,800 yuan over the tree’s lifetime. One way trees save money is by helping us save energy. Big trees stop the summer sun from shining directly to the buildings. Big trees block (遮挡) the winter wind. In this way, they help people to save the energy to make their homes and offices cool or warm. Saving energy means saving money! There are other ways for trees to help a city save money. For example, when it rains, a city’s sewers (下水道) fill up with water. Cities have to spend lots of money cleaning that water. But trees’ leaves and roots take in rainwater before it gets to the dirty sewers. With the help of trees, there is less water to clean and money is saved. 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to protect trees. B．How to study trees. C．How trees help cities save money. D．How trees make cities look nice. 2．The underlined word “they” refers to “_________”. A．city cleaners B．environmental scientists C．big trees D．tall buildings 3．To better support the topic sentence of Paragraph 3, the writer _________. A．gives an example B．asks a question C．uses pictures D．lists numbers 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了树木如何帮助城市节省金钱。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Most people agree that trees look nice. But not too many people know trees can also help us save money.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论树木如何通过多种方式（如节约能源、吸收雨水等）帮助城市节省开支。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Big trees stop the summer sun from shining directly to the buildings. Big trees block (遮挡) the winter wind. In this way, they help people to save the energy to make their homes and offices cool or warm.”可知，大树挡住了夏天的阳光直射到建筑物上。大树挡住了冬天的风。通过这种方式，它们帮助人们节省能源，使他们的家庭和办公室变冷或变暖，故此处的“they”指代前文提到的“big trees”，因为大树通过遮挡阳光和寒风帮助人们节约能源。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, when it rains, a city’s sewers (下水道) fill up with water.”可知，作者通过举例（雨水被树叶和根系吸收）来支持段落主题句“树木帮助城市节省金钱的其他方式”。故选A。 （2024·陕西·中考真题）SHARE THE MAGIC of Italian song with Jonas Kaufmann as he shows us both on and off stage, how he fell in love with Italy and its music. “ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings. Music is not only to make you smile, music is to make you think, and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you. By expressing that in a song, you can better live with it, because somebody found the right words, the right way to express what you’re feeling at that moment. The songs on this album show the whole range of emotions that Italian music is capable of, just like in opera...” —Jonas Kaufmann The word “album” in the text means a group of songs or pieces of music on a CD． The underlined part means the rich feelings that Italian music is able to express. 1．The songs on this album are sung in ________. A．Russian B．French C．English D．Italian 2．From Kaufmann’s words, we can know ________. A．how much Italians love music B．how he created his music C．his experience of learning music D．his advice on making music 3．Which of the following would Kaufmann most probably agree according to the text? A．Music is a tool to learn a language. B．Music can work as the key to the door of art. C．Music is the most beautiful art form. D．Music can make people less lonely. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍乔纳斯·考夫曼是如何爱上意大利和它的音乐的。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dolce Vita is the Italian language for the English expression...”可知，专辑是意大利语的，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings.”可知，意大利人喜欢唱歌。他们在街上唱歌。他们一边做自己的事一边唱歌。这不仅仅是一种陈词滥调——在意大利，你会看到成年男性在工作时唱歌，因为他们想以某种方式表达自己的感受。由此可知，意大利人非常喜欢音乐。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you”可知，音乐有时候让明白你并不是唯一一个有大问题的人，所以音乐可以使人不那么孤独。故选D。 （2023·陕西·中考真题）Chemistry is usually thought to be more difficult than other subjects, at least for the beginners. There are some reasons for this idea. For one thing, chemistry has a very specialized vocabulary（学科专用语汇）. At first, studying chemistry is like learning a new language. Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand. However, with hard work and careful study, you can finish this subject successfully— and even enjoy it. Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book: ●Firstly, attend classes on time. Listen to your teacher and take careful notes in class. If possible, always review the topics you learn in class, and review your notes on the same day. ●Secondly, think carefully whether you really understand the meaning of a term or the use of an equation（方程式）. A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else. ●Thirdly, pay attention to things which have something to do with chemistry in life. Watch or do experiments in class carefully. ●Fourthly, question often and do not be afraid to ask your teacher or classmates for help. You will find that chemistry is much more than numbers, formulas（分子式）and equations. It’s often used in daily life just like math and physics. Once you fall in love with it, you’ll get lots of fun. 1．How many suggestions does the writer give the readers? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．The writer thinks that a good way to test your understanding of the formula “H2CO3” is to ________. A．write it on the blackboard B．read it aloud in class C．explain it to someone else D．ask others the meaning of it 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Chemistry is more often used than physics. B．Some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand. C．Studying chemistry is like learning our mother language. D．Chemistry is usually thought to be as difficult as other subjects. 4．The passage is mainly about ________. A．differences between chemistry and physics B．the importance of chemistry and physics C．why chemistry is hard for beginners D．how students study chemistry 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，更好地理解化学的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“●Firstly...●Secondly...●Thirdly...●Fourthly”可知作者给读者4条建议，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else.”可知作者认为测试你对“H2CO3”公式理解程度的一个好方法是向别人解释它。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand.”可知有些化学概念很难理解。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book:”可知本文主要介绍了帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，更好地理解化学的建议，故选D。 （2022·陕西·中考真题）Do you know the word migrate? It is a word usually used to talk about certain animals such as birds, fish and so on. When animals migrate, they travel a long way from one part of the world to another according to the season. For example, swallows (燕子) migrate south in winter. Many animals migrate—they do this often at the same time and to the same place each year. They move to places where conditions are better—where the weather is warmer, where there is more food and water, or where their young will be safer. People also migrate. When people migrate, they go to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work. In English, when people leave their home country in order to live in another country, we use the word emigrate instead of migrate. From migrate and emigrate come the words migration and emigration. However, if people move from their home country to another to live there forever (永久地), the word changes from emigrate to immigrate in the English language. Then the word immigration is born. Isn’t word-making of the English language interesting? And can this process (过程) of finding out the relationships between words and learning them in a group or groups be a way for you to learn the language? Based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 6th edition. 1．Which of the following situations can match the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．Snakes move into holes to sleep in winter. B．Fish swim to clean waters because of pollution. C．Birds fly very far away to find food and return to give it to their babies. D．Monarch butterflies in North America fly south to stay away from the cold. 2．According to the passage, if people ________ , they leave their home country to live in another forever. A．travel B．migrate C．emigrate D．immigrate 3．The passage is written to ________. A．introduce migration of animals B．tell readers a way of learning English C．show how English words change D．explain why people migrate 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文由动物迁徙引出了英语的造词，告诉我们找出单词之间的关系并在一个或多个小组中学习它们也可以是学习语言的一种方式。 1．推理判断题。根据“When animals migrate, they travel a long way from one part of the world to another according to the season”可知当动物迁徙时，它们会根据季节从世界的一个地方长途跋涉到另一个地方，故选项D“北美帝王蝶南飞避寒”符合第一段的主旨。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“if people move from their home country to another to live there forever (永久地), the word changes from emigrate to immigrate in the English language”可知如果人们从他们的祖国搬到另一个国家永远住在那里，这个词在英语中从emigrate变为immigrate。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。本文由动物迁徙引出了英语的造词，告诉我们找出单词之间的关系并在一个或多个小组中学习它们也可以是学习语言的一种方式。故选B。 （2026·陕西延安·三模） Recently, a popular TV drama called Zhu Jue has brought wide public attention to Qinqiang Opera. It tells the story of a young girl who grows into a great Qinqiang artist, showing the beauty and charm of this traditional art. Qinqiang Opera is one of China’s oldest operas. It began from old folk songs and dances in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. People call it the “oldest form” of Chinese opera because of its strong music and emotional (情感的) stories. Historical records show it started during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC—207 BC). The opera shows the daily lives, hard work, and emotions of ancient Chinese people. However, in the 1990s, pop and Western music became very popular, and fewer people cared about Qinqiang Opera. Young people especially liked the new music more. Many actors had to leave the stage during this time. Some opera groups closed, and old performance skills were almost forgotten. To make money, artists did other jobs like selling clothes, starting small businesses, or acting in movies. But a few never gave up—they kept practicing secretly to preserve the art. In 2006, things changed when the government named Qinqiang Opera an “important cultural treasure”. This helped people pay attention to it again. Schools started teaching about it, and theaters mixed traditional opera with modern styles to attract young people. Ten years ago, most audiences (观众) were old, but now many young people watch and love Qinqiang Opera. More young actors are joining, too, and schools train them to keep the art alive. The return of Qinqiang Opera not only brings young people back to traditional culture but also shows China’s efforts to protect its history. It proves that old arts can stay meaningful even in today’s fast-changing world. 1．The underlined word “preserve” probably means “________”. A．save B．forget C．change D．introduce 2．Which paragraph tells us how the government helped save Qinqiang Opera? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Qinqiang Opera started during the Qin Dynasty and has never lost its popularity. B．Young people today show less interest in Qinqiang Opera than they did in the 1990s. C．The government named Qinqiang Opera an “important cultural treasure” in the 1990s. D．Some Qinqiang Opera artists took other jobs in the 1990s but secretly kept practicing. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Different Kinds of Traditional Music B．The Rise and Fall of Qinqiang Opera C．How to Learn to Perform Qinqiang Opera D．The History of Traditional Chinese Operas 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍秦腔的悠久起源，讲述它在90年代因流行音乐冲击走向衰落，后经政府扶持、创新改编重新受到年轻人喜爱，展现秦腔从兴盛、没落再到复苏的历程。 1．前文提到不少演员转行，但少数人没有放弃、偷偷练习，目的是保存、留住这门艺术。preserve与save含义相近。 2．第3段开头“In 2006, things changed when the government named Qinqiang Opera an ‘important cultural treasure’”整段介绍政府、学校、剧院采取的各类扶持保护措施。 3．原文第二段“Many actors had to leave the stage…But a few never gave up—they kept practicing secretly to preserve the art.”，部分演员转行但私下坚持练习。 4．文章完整讲述秦腔起源辉煌（rise）、90年代衰落（fall）、后续复苏的全过程，B选项“秦腔的兴衰”最贴合全文主线。 （2026·陕西西安·三模）The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was set up in 2001. It brings help and hope to those whose lives are changed by a storm, an earthquake, or other natural disasters (灾难). After long and careful training, the Chinese team went on its first international rescue tasks in 2003. That year, the team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that the CISAR had worked outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery (勇敢) and skill. Since then, the CISAR has completed lots of rescue tasks. They struggled in difficult conditions to rescue people in Indonesia, Haiti and Pakistan. Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water, and other things. They have to be able to do difficult work when it is very dangerous. For example, there is usually no electricity or water after a disaster, and there may be illnesses and accidents. Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also deal with death. That means they have to be strong in both body and mind. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes lots of love and courage to risk (冒险) their own lives to save someone else’s. The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is needed. The CISAR members leave their homes and families for a job that offers little pay and less sleep. We can’t imagine how much they have sacrificed (牺牲) selflessly. We don’t even know most of their names. They are really unsung heroes! 1．Why is it important to set up the CISAR? A．To offer more jobs for people. B．To bring hope and help to those in danger. C．To show China’s kindness. D．To build friendship with foreigners. 2．What is the right time order according to the things of the CISAR? a. The CISAR got a lot of training.    b. The CISAR rescued people in Pakistan. c. The CISAR was born in 2001.    d. The CISAR offered help in Iran. A．acdb B．acbd C．cabd D．cadb 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Rescue workers should have great abilities. B．Rescue workers can make much money. C．Rescue workers need to learn foreign languages. D．Rescue workers can go where they want to go. 4．The underlined word unsung means “________” in the passage. A．not woken B．not trained C．not known D．not listed 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国国际搜救队的成立背景、发展历程、救援任务以及救援人员的奉献精神和面临的挑战，赞扬他们是“无名英雄”。 1．根据第一段“It brings help and hope to those whose lives are changed by a storm, an earthquake, or other natural disasters.”可知，CISAR成立的重要性在于给受自然灾害威胁的人带来帮助和希望。 2．根据文章内容梳理时间线：c.CISAR成立于2001年；a.CISAR经过长期训练；d.CISAR在伊朗提供救援；b.CISAR在巴基斯坦救援。因此时间顺序为c→a→d→b。 3．根据第三段“Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water, and other things. They have to be able to do difficult work when it is very dangerous.”可知，救援人员需要接受训练以具备应对危险、开展救援的能力，说明他们需要具备很强的能力。 4．根据最后一段“We don’t even know most of their names. They are really unsung heroes!”可知，“unsung”结合上下文，是指这些英雄的名字不为人知，是“无名的”。 （2026·陕西渭南·模拟预测） Scientists in Sweden and the US have found something exciting: your heart may have its own “mini-brain”. This doesn’t mean the heart can think like the brain in your head. Instead, it has its own nervous system (神经系统) that helps control the heartbeat. Our body has a central nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord (脊髓). Now, scientists have found a smaller one in the heart. This could help them find new ways to treat heart problems. The study was done on zebrafish because their hearts work a lot like human hearts. Scientists found that the heart has different kinds of nerve cells (神经细胞), and each kind has a different job—like controlling the heartbeat. This is different from an old idea that the heartbeat is only controlled by a part of the lower brain called the medulla oblongata (延髓). Dr. Konstantinos Ampatzis, who led the study, said, “This mini-brain in the heart helps keep the heartbeat steady (稳定的).” It works a bit like how your brain controls your breathing. Next, the team wants to learn how the heart’s mini-brain and your head’s brain work together. 1．Why did scientists choose zebrafish for the study? A．Their hearts work similarly to human hearts. B．Their hearts look exactly like human hearts. C．They have a larger brain in the heart. D．They do not have a central nervous system. 2．What does the “mini-brain” in the heart do? A．It thinks like the brain in the head. B．It controls breathing for the body. C．It helps keep the heartbeat steady. D．It replaces the medulla oblongata. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The heart’s “mini-brain” is as big as the head’s brain. B．The team has already known how the two brains work together. C．The study shows the heart’s mini-brain can think like human brain. D．The old idea believed the heartbeat was controlled by the medulla oblongata. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了科学家发现心脏可能拥有自己的“迷你大脑”——一个帮助控制心跳的神经系统，这一发现可能有助于治疗心脏疾病。 1．第二段指出：“The study was done on zebrafish because their hearts work a lot like human hearts.”，说明选择斑马鱼是因为它们的心脏与人类心脏工作方式相似。 2．第三段指出：“This mini-brain in the heart helps keep the heartbeat steady.”，说明心脏的“迷你大脑”帮助维持心跳稳定。 3．第二段指出：“This is different from an old idea that the heartbeat is only controlled by a part of the lower brain called the medulla oblongata.”，说明旧观点认为心跳仅由延髓控制。 （2026·陕西咸阳·三模） It is common knowledge that you can find the age of a tree by counting the rings on its stump (树桩). Now a scientist has found a new way to measure the age of people—standing on one leg. Dr Kenton Kaufman from the USA says that standing on one leg shows how well people can balance (平衡). As we get older, balance becomes more difficult. Good balance helps people carry out daily activities without falling, which leads to healthy aging. To test this idea, forty people over the age of 50 took part in a study. They did tests on walking, balance, grip (抓握), and knee strength. Each person had to balance on one leg for 30 seconds, with eyes open and closed. Kaufman found that standing on the non-dominant leg (the leg you don’t usually use) showed a bigger decline with age. Every ten years, people lost about 2.2 seconds of balance time on that leg, compared to 1.7 seconds on the dominant leg. Kaufman concluded that standing on one leg is a good measure of overall health because balance shows how well the body’s systems work together. 1．According to Dr Kaufman, what can standing on one leg measure? A．Muscle strength. B．Body weight. C．Walking speed. D．Balance ability. 2．What does the underlined word “decline” mean? A．rise B．growth C．drop D．stop 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Ways to Stay Young B．How to Find the Age of a Tree C．A Story About a Scientist D．Standing on One Leg Tells Health 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了美国科学家Kenton Kaufman的研究发现：单腿站立可以衡量人的平衡能力，进而反映整体健康状况。 1．由第二段“Dr Kenton Kaufman from the USA says that standing on one leg shows how well people can balance.”可知，单腿站立可以衡量人的平衡能力。 2．根据下文“Every ten years, people lost about 2.2 seconds of balance time”可知，随着年龄增长，平衡时间减少，因此decline意为“下降、减少”。 3．全文围绕通过单腿站立测试平衡能力来评估健康状况展开，因此最佳标题为“单腿站立反映健康状况”。 （2026·陕西榆林·三模） Have you ever had lucid (清醒的) dreams? Recent studies suggest that the number of people having them is on the rise. Someone having a lucid dream realizes they are dreaming and may from then on “direct” the action. Or they may simply “watch” the dream unfold. The sense of awareness (觉察) makes it different from a dream that is simply very lively and true to life. And although the description may seem strange, the process is far from alien to many of us. Studies suggest that the number of people in the Western world experiencing lucid dreams, which happen once in a while, has risen by between 10 and 40 percent since the 1980s. Today, they are so common that about one in eight of us will have one in our lives. But still, little is known about what causes them or what is behind the rise. Research carried out at the respected Harvard University in the US shows that the brain is working hard during lucid dreams. In fact, the level of the mental (精神的) activity in some parts of the brain is similar to that of a person who is awake. Lucid dreamers seem to share certain personal characters. For example, in general they are quite creative. They are also good at digging deep into problems and going out of their way to solve them. Furthermore, they always believe in personal responsibility rather than letting society carry the can (背黑锅). Our nightmares (噩梦) may show our waking worries, with the five most common ones—falling, being run after, feeling disabled, being late and the death of a loved one. Men are more likely to have nightmares about fights or being fired, while hair and tooth loss appear more in women’s nightmares—perhaps showing worries about losing their looks. Research has also found that women have more nightmares than men. Their dreams are also scarier and more unforgettable. 1．What happens during a lucid dream? A．The dreamer cannot remember anything. B．The dreamer knows they are dreaming. C．The dreamer always has nightmares. D．The dreamer never moves in sleep. 2．How many people today may have a lucid dream in their lives? A．About one in eight. B．About one in twenty. C．About half of the people. D．Almost everyone. 3．What kind of people are more likely to have lucid dreams? A．People who are less creative. B．People who dislike solving problems. C．People who are creative and responsible. D．People who often have nightmares. 4．According to the last paragraph, which dream is more common in women? A．Being fired. B．Being in a fight. C．Losing hair or teeth. D．Being late for something. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍在清醒梦中，做梦者觉察自己在做梦并可控制情节。这类梦越来越常见，与创造力、责任感强的人更相关。 1．第一段明确写道：“Someone having a lucid dream realizes they are dreaming”（清醒梦境中，做梦者意识到自己在做梦）。选项B与此一致。A“什么都记不住”、C“总是做噩梦”、D“睡觉时从不移动”均不符合文意。 2．第二段原文提到：“Today, they are so common that about one in eight of us will have one in our lives.”（如今，清醒梦如此普遍，以至于我们中大约八分之一的人一生中会经历一次。），选项A“大约八分之一”正确。 3．第三段提到：“Lucid dreamers seem to share certain personal characters. For example, in general they are quite creative... they always believe in personal responsibility”，清醒梦者有某些共同性格特征：通常很有创造力且相信个人责任，选项C“有创造力和责任感的人”正确。A“缺乏创造力”、B“不喜欢解决问题”均与原文相反；D“常做噩梦”在文中未与清醒梦建立直接联系。 4．第四段原文：“hair and tooth loss appear more in women’s nightmares”（脱发和掉牙更多地出现在女性的噩梦中）。选项C“掉头发或掉牙”正确。A“被解雇”和B“打架”在男性中更常见；D“迟到”在男女中均常见，但未说明更常见于女性。 （2026·陕西商洛·三模）Project-based learning (PBL) is a new popular learning way in middle schools. Different from traditional note-taking learning, it lets students learn by finishing real-life projects to make study interesting and develop practical skills. In PBL, students work in small groups on projects. For example, they may do plant growth experiments in science, make environmental posters in English or create short history plays. They need to research, plan and solve problems together instead of only memorizing textbook knowledge. Students and teachers welcome this change. Li Na, a Grade 8 student, says she learns more by working with group members and improves teamwork and problem-solving skills. But some parents worry PBL takes too much time and influences basic knowledge learning for exams. In fact, PBL aims to develop students’ core (核心) skills like creativity and communication. It doesn’t replace traditional learning but aims to make traditional learning more interesting.. Many schools are adjusting (调整) it by adding small tests or setting clear group roles to balance project work and basic learning. 1．According to the passage, which of the following is a PBL activity? A．Making environmental posters in groups. B．Taking a math test after class. C．Taking notes carefully in English class. D．Memorizing history dates from textbooks. 2．How does the writer show that PBL is welcomed by students? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．PBL is more useful than traditional learning for middle school students. B．Schools are trying to make PBL work better with basic knowledge learning. C．Students no longer need to learn textbook knowledge in PBL classes. D．Parents’ ideas have no influence on school decisions. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了项目式学习（PBL）在中学的应用、具体活动形式、师生及家长的看法，以及学校为平衡PBL与基础知识学习所做的调整。 1．根据第二段“For example, they may... make environmental posters in English... students work in small groups on projects”可知，小组合作制作环保海报是文中明确提到的PBL活动示例。 2．根据第三段“Students and teachers welcome this change. Li Na, a Grade 8 student, says...”可知，作者通过列举八年级学生Li Na的具体例子来证明学生欢迎这种学习方式。 3．根据最后一段“Many schools are adjusting it by adding small tests or setting clear group roles to balance project work and basic learning.”可推知，学校正在通过调整措施，努力使PBL与基础知识学习更好地结合与平衡。 （2026·陕西咸阳·三模）Raccoons (浣熊) are one of the smartest wild animals living in modern cities. They are good at dealing with problems. Raccoons often surprise people with a clever trick. A waste box cover opens, and the food inside disappears. Many think raccoons just search for food anywhere. But new research suggests that raccoons may solve problems simply because they are curious. Scientists designed a test to study raccoon thinking. They built a special puzzle box (谜题箱) with nine different ways to open it. Some ways were easy, some were medium, and some were hard. Sixteen raccoons took the test. Each box had only one food prize. The results were surprising. Many raccoons kept opening new parts of the puzzle box even after eating the food. They kept problem-solving even when there was no food at the end. This shows that curiosity, not just hunger, pushed them to explore. The study also found that raccoons change their behavior based on difficulty. When puzzles were easy, they tried many different ways. When puzzles became harder, they chose a method that worked before instead of trying something new. “It’s like ordering at a restaurant,” the researcher explained. “Do you order your favorite dish or try something new? If the risk is high, you choose the safe one.” These thinking skills help raccoons do well in cities. However, this also causes problems. It leads to a continuous competition between humans and raccoons. Humans build safer containers (容器), while raccoons keep learning new ways to break them. 1．What does the underlined part “a clever trick” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A． B． C． D． 2．What is special about the puzzle box? A．It was made of soft materials. B．It had only one way to open it. C．It had different levels of difficulty. D．It was too difficult for any raccoon to open. 3．The restaurant example in the passage helps explain ________. A．why humans also like to order favorite dishes B．how raccoons decide whether to take a risk C．how scientists feed raccoons in tests D．why raccoons like sweet food 4．What can be inferred from the competition between people and raccoons? A．Raccoons keep improving their abilities. B．People will give up protecting food boxes. C．Raccoons can no longer find enough food. D．The competition only happens in very big cities. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了浣熊智商高、善于解决问题，科学家通过实验发现好奇心是它们探究的动力，它们还会根据难度调整行事方式，聪慧的特质也让浣熊与人类不断竞争。 1．根据第一段“A waste box cover opens, and the food inside disappears.”可知，垃圾箱盖被打开，里面的食物消失了。这描述的就是浣熊的”聪明把戏”——打开垃圾箱获取食物。 2．根据第二段”They built a special puzzle box with nine different ways to open it. Some ways were easy, some were medium, and some were hard.”可知，这个谜题箱设置了不同的难度等级。 3．根据第三段可知，研究者用餐厅点餐的例子来解释浣熊的行为：当难度高、风险大时，它们会选择之前成功过的方法（安全选择）而不是尝试新方法。这个例子帮助解释了浣熊如何根据风险决定是否尝试新方法。 4．根据最后一段”Humans build safer containers, while raccoons keep learning new ways to break them.”可知，人类制造更安全的容器，而浣熊不断学习新的破坏方法。这说明在这场“竞争”中，浣熊一直在提升自身本领。 （2026·陕西咸阳·三模）A very popular TV drama Zhu Jue came out on CCTV-1 and Tencent Video last Sunday. It is a high-quality work created by an excellent Chinese film and television team. Last Thursday, the crew released (发布) the music video of its theme song. Besides the theme song’s music video, they also showed a new poster with key scenes from the drama. The drama is adapted (改编) from a great novel by Shaanxi writer Chen Yan. The novel won the 10th Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the top literary awards in China. It tells the story of Qin Yi’e more than 40 years. She was an excellent Qinqiang Opera performer. Qinqiang is an old traditional opera from Shaanxi, famous for its loud singing, emotional performances and strong drum beats. The main character’s growth also reflects the great changes in Chinese society during the reform and opening-up period. The story follows this local woman, who loves traditional Shaanxi Qinqiang Opera deeply and devotes her whole life to learning and performing it. ________ She faces many difficulties but never gives up her dream. Her life experience tells how ordinary people worked hard to run after their dreams in those years. To stay true to the original novel (原著), over 60% of the drama was filmed on real local locations. What’s more, most actors speak the Shaanxi dialect (方言) in the play. This helps present local culture more vividly and makes it easier for viewers to understand local life and the warm stories in the drama. 1．The underlined word “reflects” probably means “________”. A．shows B．breaks C．stops D．changes 2．Which of the following can be put in the ________ in Paragraph 3? A．She gave up her opera training halfway. B．It shows her hard journey of growth. C．She never meets any trouble in her life. D．She decided to leave Shaanxi for good. 3．Which paragraph(s) tell(s) us the reasons why the drama looks real and local? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraphs 2 and 3. D．Paragraph 4. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．It talks about different kinds of literary prizes. B．It shows different ways of making TV dramas. C．It introduces the popular TV drama Zhu Jue. D．It tells people how to perform Qinqiang Opera well. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电视剧《主角》的播出情况、原著背景、剧情内容以及该剧为还原真实感所采取的措施。 1．根据第二段“The main character’s growth also reflects the great changes in Chinese society during the reform and opening-up period.”可推测，主人公的成长与中国社会的巨大变化相呼应，因此“reflect”在此意为“体现、显示”，与shows同义。 2．第三段讲述主人公热爱秦腔并为之奉献一生，遇到很多困难但从不放弃梦想。空格前“...loves traditional Shaanxi Qinqiang Opera deeply and devotes her whole life to learning and performing it.”强调主人公献身于学习和表演秦腔，空格后“She faces many difficulties but never gives up her dream.”后强调主人公面临困难但不放弃。因此中间应承上启下，表明她艰难的成长历程。B选项“它展示了她艰难的成长历程”符合逻辑；A选项“她中途放弃歌剧训练”与后文矛盾；C选项“她从没遇到麻烦”与后文矛盾；D选项“她决定永远离开陕西”与主题无关。 3．根据最后一段“To stay true to the original novel (原著), over 60% of the drama was filmed on real local locations. What’s more, most actors speak the Shaanxi dialect...”可知，第四段解释了该剧真实且具有地方特色的原因。 4．文章第一段引出电视剧《主角》播出及宣传；第二段介绍原著获奖及故事背景；第三段简述剧情和主题；第四段说明拍摄手法。全文围绕电视剧《主角》进行介绍，因此本文的主要内容是介绍这部热门电视剧。 （2026·陕西西安·三模）Many people worry that using artificial intelligence (人工智能) too often will make human memory weaker. However, recent studies show a different result. Scientists have done tests on middle school students. One group used AI tools to organize knowledge and make study plans, while the other group studied in traditional ways. At the end of the term, the first group did better in understanding and using information, even though they could not remember every detail exactly. Interestingly, when given a completely new problem, the AI-using group showed stronger creative thinking and were quicker to find solutions. Experts explain that AI works like an external memory tool. It helps people with some simple memory work, such as remembering dates or vocabulary lists. This allows humans to focus more on higher-level skills like creative thinking inside your brain. However, experts also warn that if people depend on AI blindly, their memory will surely become poor. For example, students who simply copy answers without understanding them often forget knowledge quickly. In the future, the key is not to refuse new technology, but to develop good learning habits and keep independent thinking all the time. Using AI as a helper rather than a replacement of our own mind is the smartest choice. 1．What did the scientists find about the group who used AI? A．They remembered every detail better. B．They did worse in traditional tests. C．They were better at understanding and using information. D．They could not solve new problems. 2．The word “external” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．excited B．outside C．useless D．dangerous 3．Which of the following may cause poor memory according to the passage? A．Using AI to make study plans. B．Copying AI answers without thinking. C．Focusing on creative thinking. D．Letting AI organize knowledge. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To warn that AI is bad for human memory. B．To encourage students to refuse AI completely. C．To show that AI is better than teachers in education. D．To explain how to use AI wisely and keep thinking actively. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了人工智能（AI）对人类记忆的影响。通过科学研究表明，合理使用AI有助于理解和创新，但盲目依赖会导致记忆力下降，强调应将AI作为助手而非替代品。 1．根据第二段中“At the end of the term, the first group did better in understanding and using information...”可知，学期结束时，使用AI的那一组在理解和运用信息方面表现得更好。选项C“他们更擅长理解和运用信息”与原文相符。 2．根据第三段中“It helps people with some simple memory work... This allows humans to focus more on higher-level skills like creative thinking inside your brain.”可知，AI帮助处理简单的记忆工作，让人类专注于大脑“内部”的高级技能。此处“external”与“inside”形成对比，意为“外部的”。选项B“outside”符合语境。 3．根据第三段中“However, experts also warn that if people depend on AI for blindly, their memory will surely become poor. For example, students who simply copy answers without understanding them often forget knowledge quickly.”可知，专家警告如果盲目依赖AI，记忆力会变差，例如单纯复制答案而不理解。选项B“不加思考地复制AI答案”符合原文描述。 4．通读全文，尤其是最后一段“In the future, the key is not to refuse new technology, but to develop good learning habits and keep independent thinking all the time.”，可知文章旨在说明不要拒绝新技术，但要养成良好的学习习惯并保持独立思考，即明智地使用AI。选项D“解释如何明智地使用AI并保持积极思考”最能概括文章主旨。 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 阅读理解（说明文） 考点分类 陕西考情（2022-2026） 命题规律 说明文 5年6考 选材覆盖学习方法、自然科普、语言词汇、中外文化、学科指导；题型稳定：细节计数、代词指代、词义猜测、主旨、推理判断。行文多用总分结构，常以举例、分点罗列说理；题干全部依托原文定位，侧重概括段落大意、辨别论证方式，渗透学习方法与科普素养。 （2026·陕西·中考真题）Do you like reading? Do you often read English stories, poems, short stories or any other books? As we all know, reading plays a very important role in English learning. It will help build your vocabulary, develop your sense of the English language, and open your mind. However, not all books are proper for you. If you are a beginner who learns English, here are some general rules to choose a book. You should look for books for learners of English. To start with, look for beginning level books: Level 1 or Stage 1. Later, when your English becomes better, you can move on to a higher level. Ask your teacher where to find the books for your level. There may be some in the school or classroom library. You may also find books for learners in bookstores or public libraries. Then, choose a book that interests you. Your teacher and friends may have good ideas. The important thing is to choose a book that you want to read. At the end of this unit, there is a list of books. Before you choose a book, find out if it is proper for you. Follow these steps to preview (预览) it: ● Read the title, back cover and first few pages. What is the book about? Is it interesting? ● Look at the first few pages again. How many words are new for you? > No new words. This book may be too easy for you. > 1~5 new words on each page. This book is the right level for you. > 6 or more new words on each page. This book may be too difficult for you. Note: You may choose from these books, or you may choose different books. 1．How many advantages of reading English books are mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which paragraph or paragraphs tell(s) us the general rules to choose a book? A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraphs 2 and 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 4 and the note. 3．According to the passage, the book with ________ new words on each page is proper for Liu Han, an English beginner. A．without any new words B．with 3 or 4 new words C．with 6 new words D．with more than 6 new words 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A novel. B．A poem collection. C．A textbook. D．A story book. （2025·陕西·中考真题） Note: 1 million is the number 1,000,000; 1 billion is the number 1,000,000,000. Mini dictionary ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations an association whose aim is to encourage the economic development of southeast Asia. The members include 10 countries, such as Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and so on. cooperate /kəʊ'ɒpəreɪt/ v. to work together with someone else in a helpful way: The two companies agreed to cooperate with each other. →cooperation n. coordinated /kəʊ'ɔ:dɪnˌeɪtɪd/ adj. 1 able to control your body and make it move smoothly: a well-coordinated young boy 2 organized so that people or things work together well: a coordinated effort to get the rules changed economy /ɪ'kɒnəml/ n. the way that a country spends its money and makes, buys and sells things: the economies of Canada and Germany →economic adj. Innovation /ˌɪnə'veɪʃən/ n. a new idea, method, or invention, or the introduction and use of new ideas or methods: recent innovations in English teaching vehicle /'vi:əkl/ n. a car, bus, bicycle, etc; a thing that takes people or things from place to place; Have you locked your vehicle? 1．How many parts are there in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．The underlined word “hit” in the text probably means “_________”. A．reached B．broke C．knocked hard on D．was quite against 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．China is Malaysia’s second-largest trading partner and largest source of imports. B．China and Malaysia have worked better in new energy vehicles since 16 years ago. C．Fewer than 33,000 Chinese students studied in Malaysia before 2024. D．Visitors from China took 3.8 million trips to Malaysia in the year 2024. （2025·陕西·中考真题）Most people agree that trees look nice. But not too many people know trees can also help us save money. Environmental scientists did some research and they learned that just one tree can save a city about 2,800 yuan over the tree’s lifetime. One way trees save money is by helping us save energy. Big trees stop the summer sun from shining directly to the buildings. Big trees block (遮挡) the winter wind. In this way, they help people to save the energy to make their homes and offices cool or warm. Saving energy means saving money! There are other ways for trees to help a city save money. For example, when it rains, a city’s sewers (下水道) fill up with water. Cities have to spend lots of money cleaning that water. But trees’ leaves and roots take in rainwater before it gets to the dirty sewers. With the help of trees, there is less water to clean and money is saved. 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to protect trees. B．How to study trees. C．How trees help cities save money. D．How trees make cities look nice. 2．The underlined word “they” refers to “_________”. A．city cleaners B．environmental scientists C．big trees D．tall buildings 3．To better support the topic sentence of Paragraph 3, the writer _________. A．gives an example B．asks a question C．uses pictures D．lists numbers （2024·陕西·中考真题）SHARE THE MAGIC of Italian song with Jonas Kaufmann as he shows us both on and off stage, how he fell in love with Italy and its music. “ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings. Music is not only to make you smile, music is to make you think, and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you. By expressing that in a song, you can better live with it, because somebody found the right words, the right way to express what you’re feeling at that moment. The songs on this album show the whole range of emotions that Italian music is capable of, just like in opera...” —Jonas Kaufmann The word “album” in the text means a group of songs or pieces of music on a CD． The underlined part means the rich feelings that Italian music is able to express. 1．The songs on this album are sung in ________. A．Russian B．French C．English D．Italian 2．From Kaufmann’s words, we can know ________. A．how much Italians love music B．how he created his music C．his experience of learning music D．his advice on making music 3．Which of the following would Kaufmann most probably agree according to the text? A．Music is a tool to learn a language. B．Music can work as the key to the door of art. C．Music is the most beautiful art form. D．Music can make people less lonely. （2023·陕西·中考真题）Chemistry is usually thought to be more difficult than other subjects, at least for the beginners. There are some reasons for this idea. For one thing, chemistry has a very specialized vocabulary（学科专用语汇）. At first, studying chemistry is like learning a new language. Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand. However, with hard work and careful study, you can finish this subject successfully— and even enjoy it. Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book: ●Firstly, attend classes on time. Listen to your teacher and take careful notes in class. If possible, always review the topics you learn in class, and review your notes on the same day. ●Secondly, think carefully whether you really understand the meaning of a term or the use of an equation（方程式）. A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else. ●Thirdly, pay attention to things which have something to do with chemistry in life. Watch or do experiments in class carefully. ●Fourthly, question often and do not be afraid to ask your teacher or classmates for help. You will find that chemistry is much more than numbers, formulas（分子式）and equations. It’s often used in daily life just like math and physics. Once you fall in love with it, you’ll get lots of fun. 1．How many suggestions does the writer give the readers? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．The writer thinks that a good way to test your understanding of the formula “H2CO3” is to ________. A．write it on the blackboard B．read it aloud in class C．explain it to someone else D．ask others the meaning of it 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Chemistry is more often used than physics. B．Some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand. C．Studying chemistry is like learning our mother language. D．Chemistry is usually thought to be as difficult as other subjects. 4．The passage is mainly about ________. A．differences between chemistry and physics B．the importance of chemistry and physics C．why chemistry is hard for beginners D．how students study chemistry （2022·陕西·中考真题）Do you know the word migrate? It is a word usually used to talk about certain animals such as birds, fish and so on. When animals migrate, they travel a long way from one part of the world to another according to the season. For example, swallows (燕子) migrate south in winter. Many animals migrate—they do this often at the same time and to the same place each year. They move to places where conditions are better—where the weather is warmer, where there is more food and water, or where their young will be safer. People also migrate. When people migrate, they go to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work. In English, when people leave their home country in order to live in another country, we use the word emigrate instead of migrate. From migrate and emigrate come the words migration and emigration. However, if people move from their home country to another to live there forever (永久地), the word changes from emigrate to immigrate in the English language. Then the word immigration is born. Isn’t word-making of the English language interesting? And can this process (过程) of finding out the relationships between words and learning them in a group or groups be a way for you to learn the language? Based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 6th edition. 1．Which of the following situations can match the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．Snakes move into holes to sleep in winter. B．Fish swim to clean waters because of pollution. C．Birds fly very far away to find food and return to give it to their babies. D．Monarch butterflies in North America fly south to stay away from the cold. 2．According to the passage, if people ________ , they leave their home country to live in another forever. A．travel B．migrate C．emigrate D．immigrate 3．The passage is written to ________. A．introduce migration of animals B．tell readers a way of learning English C．show how English words change D．explain why people migrate （2026·陕西延安·三模） Recently, a popular TV drama called Zhu Jue has brought wide public attention to Qinqiang Opera. It tells the story of a young girl who grows into a great Qinqiang artist, showing the beauty and charm of this traditional art. Qinqiang Opera is one of China’s oldest operas. It began from old folk songs and dances in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. People call it the “oldest form” of Chinese opera because of its strong music and emotional (情感的) stories. Historical records show it started during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC—207 BC). The opera shows the daily lives, hard work, and emotions of ancient Chinese people. However, in the 1990s, pop and Western music became very popular, and fewer people cared about Qinqiang Opera. Young people especially liked the new music more. Many actors had to leave the stage during this time. Some opera groups closed, and old performance skills were almost forgotten. To make money, artists did other jobs like selling clothes, starting small businesses, or acting in movies. But a few never gave up—they kept practicing secretly to preserve the art. In 2006, things changed when the government named Qinqiang Opera an “important cultural treasure”. This helped people pay attention to it again. Schools started teaching about it, and theaters mixed traditional opera with modern styles to attract young people. Ten years ago, most audiences (观众) were old, but now many young people watch and love Qinqiang Opera. More young actors are joining, too, and schools train them to keep the art alive. The return of Qinqiang Opera not only brings young people back to traditional culture but also shows China’s efforts to protect its history. It proves that old arts can stay meaningful even in today’s fast-changing world. 1．The underlined word “preserve” probably means “________”. A．save B．forget C．change D．introduce 2．Which paragraph tells us how the government helped save Qinqiang Opera? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Qinqiang Opera started during the Qin Dynasty and has never lost its popularity. B．Young people today show less interest in Qinqiang Opera than they did in the 1990s. C．The government named Qinqiang Opera an “important cultural treasure” in the 1990s. D．Some Qinqiang Opera artists took other jobs in the 1990s but secretly kept practicing. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Different Kinds of Traditional Music B．The Rise and Fall of Qinqiang Opera C．How to Learn to Perform Qinqiang Opera D．The History of Traditional Chinese Operas （2026·陕西西安·三模）The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was set up in 2001. It brings help and hope to those whose lives are changed by a storm, an earthquake, or other natural disasters (灾难). After long and careful training, the Chinese team went on its first international rescue tasks in 2003. That year, the team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that the CISAR had worked outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery (勇敢) and skill. Since then, the CISAR has completed lots of rescue tasks. They struggled in difficult conditions to rescue people in Indonesia, Haiti and Pakistan. Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water, and other things. They have to be able to do difficult work when it is very dangerous. For example, there is usually no electricity or water after a disaster, and there may be illnesses and accidents. Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also deal with death. That means they have to be strong in both body and mind. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes lots of love and courage to risk (冒险) their own lives to save someone else’s. The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is needed. The CISAR members leave their homes and families for a job that offers little pay and less sleep. We can’t imagine how much they have sacrificed (牺牲) selflessly. We don’t even know most of their names. They are really unsung heroes! 1．Why is it important to set up the CISAR? A．To offer more jobs for people. B．To bring hope and help to those in danger. C．To show China’s kindness. D．To build friendship with foreigners. 2．What is the right time order according to the things of the CISAR? a. The CISAR got a lot of training.    b. The CISAR rescued people in Pakistan. c. The CISAR was born in 2001.    d. The CISAR offered help in Iran. A．acdb B．acbd C．cabd D．cadb 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Rescue workers should have great abilities. B．Rescue workers can make much money. C．Rescue workers need to learn foreign languages. D．Rescue workers can go where they want to go. 4．The underlined word unsung means “________” in the passage. A．not woken B．not trained C．not known D．not listed （2026·陕西渭南·模拟预测） Scientists in Sweden and the US have found something exciting: your heart may have its own “mini-brain”. This doesn’t mean the heart can think like the brain in your head. Instead, it has its own nervous system (神经系统) that helps control the heartbeat. Our body has a central nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord (脊髓). Now, scientists have found a smaller one in the heart. This could help them find new ways to treat heart problems. The study was done on zebrafish because their hearts work a lot like human hearts. Scientists found that the heart has different kinds of nerve cells (神经细胞), and each kind has a different job—like controlling the heartbeat. This is different from an old idea that the heartbeat is only controlled by a part of the lower brain called the medulla oblongata (延髓). Dr. Konstantinos Ampatzis, who led the study, said, “This mini-brain in the heart helps keep the heartbeat steady (稳定的).” It works a bit like how your brain controls your breathing. Next, the team wants to learn how the heart’s mini-brain and your head’s brain work together. 1．Why did scientists choose zebrafish for the study? A．Their hearts work similarly to human hearts. B．Their hearts look exactly like human hearts. C．They have a larger brain in the heart. D．They do not have a central nervous system. 2．What does the “mini-brain” in the heart do? A．It thinks like the brain in the head. B．It controls breathing for the body. C．It helps keep the heartbeat steady. D．It replaces the medulla oblongata. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The heart’s “mini-brain” is as big as the head’s brain. B．The team has already known how the two brains work together. C．The study shows the heart’s mini-brain can think like human brain. D．The old idea believed the heartbeat was controlled by the medulla oblongata. （2026·陕西咸阳·三模） It is common knowledge that you can find the age of a tree by counting the rings on its stump (树桩). Now a scientist has found a new way to measure the age of people—standing on one leg. Dr Kenton Kaufman from the USA says that standing on one leg shows how well people can balance (平衡). As we get older, balance becomes more difficult. Good balance helps people carry out daily activities without falling, which leads to healthy aging. To test this idea, forty people over the age of 50 took part in a study. They did tests on walking, balance, grip (抓握), and knee strength. Each person had to balance on one leg for 30 seconds, with eyes open and closed. Kaufman found that standing on the non-dominant leg (the leg you don’t usually use) showed a bigger decline with age. Every ten years, people lost about 2.2 seconds of balance time on that leg, compared to 1.7 seconds on the dominant leg. Kaufman concluded that standing on one leg is a good measure of overall health because balance shows how well the body’s systems work together. 1．According to Dr Kaufman, what can standing on one leg measure? A．Muscle strength. B．Body weight. C．Walking speed. D．Balance ability. 2．What does the underlined word “decline” mean? A．rise B．growth C．drop D．stop 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Ways to Stay Young B．How to Find the Age of a Tree C．A Story About a Scientist D．Standing on One Leg Tells Health （2026·陕西榆林·三模） Have you ever had lucid (清醒的) dreams? Recent studies suggest that the number of people having them is on the rise. Someone having a lucid dream realizes they are dreaming and may from then on “direct” the action. Or they may simply “watch” the dream unfold. The sense of awareness (觉察) makes it different from a dream that is simply very lively and true to life. And although the description may seem strange, the process is far from alien to many of us. Studies suggest that the number of people in the Western world experiencing lucid dreams, which happen once in a while, has risen by between 10 and 40 percent since the 1980s. Today, they are so common that about one in eight of us will have one in our lives. But still, little is known about what causes them or what is behind the rise. Research carried out at the respected Harvard University in the US shows that the brain is working hard during lucid dreams. In fact, the level of the mental (精神的) activity in some parts of the brain is similar to that of a person who is awake. Lucid dreamers seem to share certain personal characters. For example, in general they are quite creative. They are also good at digging deep into problems and going out of their way to solve them. Furthermore, they always believe in personal responsibility rather than letting society carry the can (背黑锅). Our nightmares (噩梦) may show our waking worries, with the five most common ones—falling, being run after, feeling disabled, being late and the death of a loved one. Men are more likely to have nightmares about fights or being fired, while hair and tooth loss appear more in women’s nightmares—perhaps showing worries about losing their looks. Research has also found that women have more nightmares than men. Their dreams are also scarier and more unforgettable. 1．What happens during a lucid dream? A．The dreamer cannot remember anything. B．The dreamer knows they are dreaming. C．The dreamer always has nightmares. D．The dreamer never moves in sleep. 2．How many people today may have a lucid dream in their lives? A．About one in eight. B．About one in twenty. C．About half of the people. D．Almost everyone. 3．What kind of people are more likely to have lucid dreams? A．People who are less creative. B．People who dislike solving problems. C．People who are creative and responsible. D．People who often have nightmares. 4．According to the last paragraph, which dream is more common in women? A．Being fired. B．Being in a fight. C．Losing hair or teeth. D．Being late for something. （2026·陕西商洛·三模）Project-based learning (PBL) is a new popular learning way in middle schools. Different from traditional note-taking learning, it lets students learn by finishing real-life projects to make study interesting and develop practical skills. In PBL, students work in small groups on projects. For example, they may do plant growth experiments in science, make environmental posters in English or create short history plays. They need to research, plan and solve problems together instead of only memorizing textbook knowledge. Students and teachers welcome this change. Li Na, a Grade 8 student, says she learns more by working with group members and improves teamwork and problem-solving skills. But some parents worry PBL takes too much time and influences basic knowledge learning for exams. In fact, PBL aims to develop students’ core (核心) skills like creativity and communication. It doesn’t replace traditional learning but aims to make traditional learning more interesting.. Many schools are adjusting (调整) it by adding small tests or setting clear group roles to balance project work and basic learning. 1．According to the passage, which of the following is a PBL activity? A．Making environmental posters in groups. B．Taking a math test after class. C．Taking notes carefully in English class. D．Memorizing history dates from textbooks. 2．How does the writer show that PBL is welcomed by students? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．PBL is more useful than traditional learning for middle school students. B．Schools are trying to make PBL work better with basic knowledge learning. C．Students no longer need to learn textbook knowledge in PBL classes. D．Parents’ ideas have no influence on school decisions. （2026·陕西咸阳·三模）Raccoons (浣熊) are one of the smartest wild animals living in modern cities. They are good at dealing with problems. Raccoons often surprise people with a clever trick. A waste box cover opens, and the food inside disappears. Many think raccoons just search for food anywhere. But new research suggests that raccoons may solve problems simply because they are curious. Scientists designed a test to study raccoon thinking. They built a special puzzle box (谜题箱) with nine different ways to open it. Some ways were easy, some were medium, and some were hard. Sixteen raccoons took the test. Each box had only one food prize. The results were surprising. Many raccoons kept opening new parts of the puzzle box even after eating the food. They kept problem-solving even when there was no food at the end. This shows that curiosity, not just hunger, pushed them to explore. The study also found that raccoons change their behavior based on difficulty. When puzzles were easy, they tried many different ways. When puzzles became harder, they chose a method that worked before instead of trying something new. “It’s like ordering at a restaurant,” the researcher explained. “Do you order your favorite dish or try something new? If the risk is high, you choose the safe one.” These thinking skills help raccoons do well in cities. However, this also causes problems. It leads to a continuous competition between humans and raccoons. Humans build safer containers (容器), while raccoons keep learning new ways to break them. 1．What does the underlined part “a clever trick” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A． B． C． D． 2．What is special about the puzzle box? A．It was made of soft materials. B．It had only one way to open it. C．It had different levels of difficulty. D．It was too difficult for any raccoon to open. 3．The restaurant example in the passage helps explain ________. A．why humans also like to order favorite dishes B．how raccoons decide whether to take a risk C．how scientists feed raccoons in tests D．why raccoons like sweet food 4．What can be inferred from the competition between people and raccoons? A．Raccoons keep improving their abilities. B．People will give up protecting food boxes. C．Raccoons can no longer find enough food. D．The competition only happens in very big cities. （2026·陕西咸阳·三模）A very popular TV drama Zhu Jue came out on CCTV-1 and Tencent Video last Sunday. It is a high-quality work created by an excellent Chinese film and television team. Last Thursday, the crew released (发布) the music video of its theme song. Besides the theme song’s music video, they also showed a new poster with key scenes from the drama. The drama is adapted (改编) from a great novel by Shaanxi writer Chen Yan. The novel won the 10th Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the top literary awards in China. It tells the story of Qin Yi’e more than 40 years. She was an excellent Qinqiang Opera performer. Qinqiang is an old traditional opera from Shaanxi, famous for its loud singing, emotional performances and strong drum beats. The main character’s growth also reflects the great changes in Chinese society during the reform and opening-up period. The story follows this local woman, who loves traditional Shaanxi Qinqiang Opera deeply and devotes her whole life to learning and performing it. ________ She faces many difficulties but never gives up her dream. Her life experience tells how ordinary people worked hard to run after their dreams in those years. To stay true to the original novel (原著), over 60% of the drama was filmed on real local locations. What’s more, most actors speak the Shaanxi dialect (方言) in the play. This helps present local culture more vividly and makes it easier for viewers to understand local life and the warm stories in the drama. 1．The underlined word “reflects” probably means “________”. A．shows B．breaks C．stops D．changes 2．Which of the following can be put in the ________ in Paragraph 3? A．She gave up her opera training halfway. B．It shows her hard journey of growth. C．She never meets any trouble in her life. D．She decided to leave Shaanxi for good. 3．Which paragraph(s) tell(s) us the reasons why the drama looks real and local? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraphs 2 and 3. D．Paragraph 4. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．It talks about different kinds of literary prizes. B．It shows different ways of making TV dramas. C．It introduces the popular TV drama Zhu Jue. D．It tells people how to perform Qinqiang Opera well. （2026·陕西西安·三模）Many people worry that using artificial intelligence (人工智能) too often will make human memory weaker. However, recent studies show a different result. Scientists have done tests on middle school students. One group used AI tools to organize knowledge and make study plans, while the other group studied in traditional ways. At the end of the term, the first group did better in understanding and using information, even though they could not remember every detail exactly. Interestingly, when given a completely new problem, the AI-using group showed stronger creative thinking and were quicker to find solutions. Experts explain that AI works like an external memory tool. It helps people with some simple memory work, such as remembering dates or vocabulary lists. This allows humans to focus more on higher-level skills like creative thinking inside your brain. However, experts also warn that if people depend on AI blindly, their memory will surely become poor. For example, students who simply copy answers without understanding them often forget knowledge quickly. In the future, the key is not to refuse new technology, but to develop good learning habits and keep independent thinking all the time. Using AI as a helper rather than a replacement of our own mind is the smartest choice. 1．What did the scientists find about the group who used AI? A．They remembered every detail better. B．They did worse in traditional tests. C．They were better at understanding and using information. D．They could not solve new problems. 2．The word “external” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．excited B．outside C．useless D．dangerous 3．Which of the following may cause poor memory according to the passage? A．Using AI to make study plans. B．Copying AI answers without thinking. C．Focusing on creative thinking. D．Letting AI organize knowledge. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To warn that AI is bad for human memory. B．To encourage students to refuse AI completely. C．To show that AI is better than teachers in education. D．To explain how to use AI wisely and keep thinking actively. 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 阅读理解（说明文） （2026·陕西中考） 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C （2025·陕西中考 英语选书指导） 1.B 2.A 3.D （2025·陕西中考 树木省钱科普） 1.C 2.C 3.A （2024·陕西中考 意大利音乐专辑） 1.D 2.A 3.D （2023·陕西中考 化学学习方法） 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D （2022·陕西中考 migrate/emigrate/immigrate词汇科普） 1.D 2.D 3.B （2026·延安三模 秦腔兴衰） 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B （2026·西安三模 中国国际搜救队CISAR） 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C （2026·渭南模拟 心脏迷你大脑科普） 1.A 2.C 3.D （2026·咸阳三模 单腿站立测健康） 1.D 2.C 3.D （2026·榆林三模 清醒梦科普） 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C （2026·商洛三模 PBL项目式学习） 1.A 2.C 3.B （2026·咸阳三模 浣熊好奇心实验） 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A （2026·咸阳三模 电视剧《主角》介绍） 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C （2026·西安三模 AI对记忆的影响） 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $