Unit 2 Sports and Fitness（重难词汇精练）英语北师大版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦“Sports and Fitness”主题，构建从基础词汇到语境应用的递进式词汇训练体系，强化语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词性转换|21题|考查词形变化（名→形/副等）|从构词法切入，建立词汇形态关联| |核心短语|15题|固定搭配补全|强化主题相关短语记忆与应用| |重点单词|30题|词义识记与理解|覆盖运动场景核心词汇，夯实基础| |单句语法填空|30题|语法规则在词汇中的应用|连接词形、词义与语法，提升语言准确性| |单词拼写|10题|语境中词汇拼写|巩固词汇记忆，培养语言输出能力| |完成句子|10题|中英互译与句式应用|综合词汇、语法与表达，提升语言综合运用| |语篇语法填空|2篇|语篇中词汇语法综合应用|从单句到语篇，构建词汇运用的语境逻辑| |应用文写作|1题|邮件写作（介绍运动及益处）|实现词汇从输入到输出的迁移，发展跨文化沟通能力|

Unit 2 Sports and Fitness重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1.frequency n.发生的频率，发生率→ adj.频繁的→ adv.时常；经常 2.balanced adj.均衡的，平衡的→ n.天平；平衡vt.平衡；权衡 3.regularly adv.经常；定期地→ adj.规则的；定期的；常规的 4.announcement n.通告，公告→ vt.宣布；通告 5.defence n.防守队员，后卫→ vt.防护；防卫 6.application n.申请， 申请书→ vi.申请→ n.申请人 7.occupy vt.占用，占去(时间)→ adj.被占用的；被占领的→ n.占领；居住；职业 8.disappointment n.失望；扫兴；沮丧→ adj.失望的；沮丧的→ adj.令人失望的→ vt.使失望；使扫兴 9.amazingly adv.惊人地，了不起地→ vt.使吃惊；惊讶→ adj.令人吃惊的 → adj.感到吃惊的 10.inspiration n.鼓舞，激励；启示；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感→ v.鼓舞；激励→ adj.备受鼓舞的→ adj.鼓舞人心的 11.replacement n.替换的人(物)→ vt.代替；取代；把……放回原处 12.sharply adv.严厉地，毫不客气地→ adj.锋利的，陡峭的 13.energy n.力量，活力，能量；精力→ adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的 14.crowd n.人群；观众 vt.挤满；使拥挤→ adj.拥挤的 15.strengthen vi.&vt.(使)强健→ n.力量；力气→ adj.强的；强壮的 16.particular n.尤其，特别adj.特定的；挑剔的→ adv.特别地，特定地 17.benefit n.好处；利益 vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益→ adj.有益的 18.equipment n.设备，装备→ vt.配备；装备 19.relieve v.解除，减轻，缓和→ n.减轻，缓解 20.achievable adj.可完成的；做得成的→ vt.取得；获得；完成→ n.成就；成绩 21.satisfaction n.满意，满足→ vt.使满意，使满足→ adj.感到满意的 → adj.令人满意的 题型二、核心短语 1. 而不是 2. 健康状况良好 3. 报名 4. 多达 5. 关闭 6. 以防万一 7. 拍照 8. 不超过，仅仅 9. 靠某人自己 10. 入选球队 11. 成功 12. 争取成为；参加选拔 13. 猛撞，猛击 14. 聚集 15. 即将做某事 题型三、重点单词 1.athlete n.　 2.prefer vt. 3.diet n. 4.within prep. 5.belt n. 6.audience n. 7.remind vt. 8.bite vi.&vt. 9.prohibit vt. 10.case n. 11.annual adj. 12.quit vi.& vt. 13.tip n. 14.gymnastics n. 15.jog vi.& n. 16.cycle vi. 17.track n. 18.stair n. 19.net n. 20.court n. 21.boxing n. 22.bounce vt.& vi. 23.halfway adv. 24.defeat vt.　 25.company n 26.desire n.&v. 27.crash vt.&vi. 28.gather vt.&vi. 29.pack n. 30.earn vt. 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Having a (balance) diet is quite important for us to keep energetic in daily life. 2．To stay healthy, we should eat (regular) and take enough exercise every day. 3．The writer aims (remind) readers of the importance of environmental protection. 4．Reading widely enriches our minds and (strength) our ability to analyze complex problems in daily life. 5．Keeping a balanced diet is (benefit) to both our physical health and mental state. 6．Emergency supplies were sent to the affected areas for (relieve). 7．Some call for the (apply) of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. 8．In order to carry out various experiments smoothly, our school has prepared lots of advanced (equip). 9．They share the same military (defend). 10．After a good night’s sleep, I always feel full of (energetic) and ready for the new day. 11．To our (disappoint), the match was canceled. 12．To her great (satisfy), all the students in her class made rapid progress in their studies. 13．Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an (amaze) meal out of almost anything. 14．The boy played the piano so well that all the audience stood up and (clap). 15．They made an (announce) that there would be an English speech competition next week. 16．According to the group, the (inspire) comes from a popular Chinese song by a pop singer, in which the lyrics mention a No. 2 bus parked on a building’s 8th floor. The creators have brought these lyrics to life. 17．Tom, together with his classmates, (prefer) to explore nature rather than stay at home during vacations. 18．Beyond its role as a toy, the   (principle) behind the Luban lock’s interlocking structures have been extended into the field of architectural design. 19．They imagine that their dreams are not realistically (achieve). 20． (prevent) the spread of the disease, the local government closed all the crowded public places at once. 21．I will never forget the people and things appear in my high school life. 22．The girl you talked with at the party is good at writing English compositions. 23．I cherish the precious time with my classmates accompany and encourage me all the way. 24．One key green technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS), involves separating CO₂ from other gases at emission sources before they are released into the atmosphere. 25．Each builds a body of knowledge content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. 26．The library we visited last week has a collection of over 100,000 books. 27．Finally, following an attack on the painting in 1956 caused damage to the left elbow of the figure, this was also repainted with watercolours. 28．She received a letter from a friend family owned a farm near the capital city. 29．The police offered rewards for anyone could lead them to the criminals. 30．People stayed in the open air were waiting for the helicopter to deliver supplies. 题型五、单词拼写 31．New technology contains the ________ (应用) of 5G, big data and Cloud systems. 32．A ________ (均衡的) diet plays a key role in keeping fit. 33．In order to help students improve their study, our school has bought________(器材) for the lab. 34．Can you give me some useful________(提示)on how to improve my English? 35．The athlete's dedication and success served as a great _________ (激励) for many younger players. 36．The doctor applied an ice _________ (包裹) to the injured player’s knee to reduce the swelling. 37．Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our ________ (成就)? 38．Also, could I ________ (提醒) you that the deadline for submission is this Friday, June 14th? 39．They took up arms in ________ (防御) of their country. 40．It is not clear what causes the _______ (疾病) but long-time working pressure may be one of the reasons. 题型六、完成句子 41．他第一次鼓起勇气在一大群听众面前讲话。 He ________________ to speak in front of a large audience for the first time. 42．没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一些音乐更能让我们振作起来了。 There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to ________________. 43．任何努力工作的人都会成功。 ________ ________ works hard will succeed. 44．真正强大的人有能力面对失败并从中学习。 People who are truly strong ________ ________ ________ facing failure and learning from it. 45．It is said that the plane ________________ the mountain due to bad weather. 据说那架飞机因天气恶劣撞上了那座山。 46．Jordan’s skills were impressive, ________________________. 乔丹的球技令人赞叹，然而他所展示的精神力量使他成为独一无二的球星。 47．We got home at six, but ________ ________ didn’t get back until 10 o’clock. 我们6点到家，但其他人直到10点才回来。 48．孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在屋里。 The children ________ ________ cycle to the countryside ________ ________ stay indoors all the day. 49．你既有新的渴望要独立，又需要父母持续的关爱和支持。 You have both _________ _________ _________ _________ _________and a continued need for your parents' love and support. 50．青少年时期养成的好习惯能让人受益终身。 Good habits formed at youth _____________. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高一下·山东淄博·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 9th Asian Winter Games 1 (take) place from February 7th to 14th, 2025, in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, further improving the city’s status (地位) of being a chief ice and snow tourism destination. Since the start of the 2024-2025 winter season, Harbin has maintained its fame of a must-visit hotspot. According to the Ctrip’s 2025 Spring Festival Travel Report, Harbin was recognized 2 the most popular ice and snow tourism attraction in China, creating a record-breaking 19.15 billion yuan in tourism income (收入). 3 number of tourists increased by 144.7%, which strengthened its 4 (globe) appeal. Following the holiday season, Harbin changed into Asian Winter Games mode, drawing even 5 (great) attention from international visitors. Data from Tongcheng Travel show that hotel bookings in Harbin increased by nearly 60% year-on-year in February. Meanwhile, 6 (search) for “Harbin” on the platform have doubled compared to those of last year, which 7 (drive) by the Winter Games and favorable travel conditions. Unlike previous years, when crowds 8 (typical) reduced after the Spring Festival, tourist arrivals have remained strong. The Yabuli resort now welcomes around 20,000 visitors daily — 20% more than the same period last year. 9 (satisfy) the growing needs, China Railway Harbin decides to introduce a high-speed rail loop connecting major winter tourism destinations, including Harbin, Mudanjiang, Jiamusi, Yabuli, and Jingpo Lake, providing continuous transportation for travelers. The Winter Games, 10 influence has extended far beyond Harbin, have greatly stimulated (激发) public love for skiing and snow sports, bringing a nationwide winter tourism. （25-26高一上·四川成都·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wu Yiren, a six-year-old from a kindergarten in Dalang township, Dongguan, Guangdong province, has gained 1 (popular) because of his love for snooker (斯诺克台球). Too short to reach the table, he often brings a small chair to competitions — a sight 2 has quickly won hearts online. His father, Wu Zhijian, a 3 (respect) doctor and longtime snooker lover, often spent evenings playing with friends. The younger Wu would watch 4 (quiet) nearby, and through this constant exposure, he gradually developed a strong interest in the sport. 5 (realize) his interest, the family arranged for him to train with Li Jianbing, a coach from the Chinese Billiard Sports Association. Under the guidance of Li, Wu’s skills have improved quickly. Most of Wu’s free time now 6 (spend) practicing. He has a clear goal: to train hard, learn the basics fully, and one day become a professional player. Wu’s story reflects 7 bigger change underway in Dongguan. The city is changing from supporting industries to building a snooker culture. By developing a complete snooker industry, Dongguan is taking 8 a new image as the “City of Snooker.” The year 2025 was impressive for Chinese snooker. In May, China’s Zhao Xintong became the first Asian player 9 (win) the World Snooker Championship in the United Kingdom, while Bai Yulu 10 (keep) her title at the 2025 World Women’s Snooker Championship in Dongguan by defeating the world’s top-ranked player. 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高一下·四川泸州·期中）你的外国笔友Helen在最近发来的邮件中介绍了自己的课外生活，并询问你最喜欢的体育运动。请你用英语给她回一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.介绍你最喜欢的体育运动； 2.你从中得到的益处。 注意：写作词数应为80词左右。 Dear Helen, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Sports and Fitness重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1.frequency n.发生的频率，发生率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.时常；经常 2.balanced adj.均衡的，平衡的→balance n.天平；平衡vt.平衡；权衡 3.regularly adv.经常；定期地→regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的 4.announcement n.通告，公告→announce vt.宣布；通告 5.defence n.防守队员，后卫→defend vt.防护；防卫 6.application n.申请， 申请书→apply vi.申请→applicant n.申请人 7.occupy vt.占用，占去(时间)→occupied adj.被占用的；被占领的→occupation n.占领；居住；职业 8.disappointment n.失望；扫兴；沮丧→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴 9.amazingly adv.惊人地，了不起地→amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.感到吃惊的 10.inspiration n.鼓舞，激励；启示；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感→inspire v.鼓舞；激励→inspired adj.备受鼓舞的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 11.replacement n.替换的人(物)→replace vt.代替；取代；把……放回原处 12.sharply adv.严厉地，毫不客气地→sharp adj.锋利的，陡峭的 13.energy n.力量，活力，能量；精力→energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的 14.crowd n.人群；观众 vt.挤满；使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 15.strengthen vi.&vt.(使)强健→strength n.力量；力气→strong adj.强的；强壮的 16.particular n.尤其，特别adj.特定的；挑剔的→particularly adv.特别地，特定地 17.benefit n.好处；利益 vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的 18.equipment n.设备，装备→equip vt.配备；装备 19.relieve v.解除，减轻，缓和→relief n.减轻，缓解 20.achievable adj.可完成的；做得成的→achieve vt.取得；获得；完成→achievement n.成就；成绩 21.satisfaction n.满意，满足→satisfy vt.使满意，使满足→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的题型二、核心短语 1.rather than　而不是 2.in good shape 健康状况良好 3.sign up 报名 4.up to 多达 5.turn off 关闭 6.in case 以防万一 7.take photos 拍照 8.no more than 不超过，仅仅 9.on one’s own　靠某人自己 10.make the team 入选球队 11.make it 成功 12.try out for sth 争取成为；参加选拔 13.crash into 猛撞，猛击 14.gather around 聚集 15.be about to do sth 即将做某事 题型三、重点单词 1.athlete n.　运动员 2.prefer vt. 更喜欢 3.diet n. 日常饮食 4.within prep. 在……之内 5.belt n. 腰带，皮带 6.audience n. 观众；听众 7.remind vt. 使(某人)想起，提醒 8.bite vi.&vt. 咬 9.prohibit vt. 禁止 10.case n. 状况，场合；事例，实例 11.annual adj. 一年一度的，每年的 12.quit vi.& vt. 停止(做某事) 13.tip n. 建议，忠告，窍门 14.gymnastics n. 体操 15.jog vi.& n. 慢跑 16.cycle vi. 骑自行车 17.track n. 跑道 18.stair n. 楼梯；梯级 19.net n. (网球等的)球网；网 20.court n. (网球等的)球场 21.boxing n. 拳击(运动) 22.bounce vt.& vi. (使)弹起，(使)反弹 23.halfway adv. 半途地 24.defeat vt.　(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败n. 失败 25.company n 公司，一群人，陪伴 26.desire n.&v. 渴望 27.crash vt.&vi. 猛撞 28.gather vt.&vi. 聚集，聚合 29.pack n. 包，包裹vt.&vi. 把……包起来 30.earn vt. 赢得，博得 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Having a (balance) diet is quite important for us to keep energetic in daily life. 【答案】balanced 【详解】句意：均衡饮食对我们在日常生活中保持精力充沛十分重要。此处修饰名词diet，应用形容词balanced作前置定语。 2．To stay healthy, we should eat (regular) and take enough exercise every day. 【答案】regularly 【详解】句意：为保持健康，我们应规律饮食，每天充分锻炼。此处修饰动词eat，故应用副词regularly“有规律地”作状语。 3．The writer aims (remind) readers of the importance of environmental protection. 【答案】to remind 【详解】句意：作者旨在提醒读者环境保护的重要性。remind为动词，意为“提醒”，固定搭配aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事；力求做某事”，故应用to remind。 4．Reading widely enriches our minds and (strength) our ability to analyze complex problems in daily life. 【答案】strengthens 【详解】句意：广泛阅读充实头脑，增强我们分析日常复杂问题的能力。and连接并列谓语，主语为动名词单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，strength的动词形式为strengthen，单数形式为strengthens。 5．Keeping a balanced diet is (benefit) to both our physical health and mental state. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】句意：保持均衡饮食对身心健康都有益。空处作表语，benefit的形容词形式beneficial“有益的”符合，构成固定搭配be beneficial to，意为“对……有益”。 6．Emergency supplies were sent to the affected areas for (relieve). 【答案】relief 【详解】句意：应急物资已运往受灾地区以救灾。空处需填名词作宾语，relieve的名词形式relief表示“救济”，是不可数名词。 7．Some call for the (apply) of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. 【答案】application 【详解】句意：一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人则呼吁改变生活方式。根据空前定冠词the及空后of可知，此处应填名词作宾语，apply的名词形式为application，表示“应用”。 8．In order to carry out various experiments smoothly, our school has prepared lots of advanced (equip). 【答案】equipment 【详解】句意：为了顺利开展各类实验，我们学校准备了许多先进的设备。根据advanced可知，此处需用名词形式；equip的名词形式为equipment，为不可数名词，在句中作宾语。 9．They share the same military (defend). 【答案】defence/defense 【详解】句意：他们有着共同的军事防御体系。空格前有形容词military，因此空处需要填写动词defend对应的名词形式defence/defense，表示“防御，防卫”。 10．After a good night’s sleep, I always feel full of (energetic) and ready for the new day. 【答案】energy 【详解】句意：经过一夜良好的睡眠，我总是感到精力充沛，准备好迎接新的一天。作介词of宾语，空处应用energetic的名词形式energy“精力”，不可数名词，full of energy表示“精力充沛的”。 11．To our (disappoint), the match was canceled. 【答案】disappointment 【详解】句意：令我们失望的是，比赛被取消了。“to one’s+名词”是固定搭配，意为“令某人……的是”。disappoint是动词，其名词形式是disappointment，表示“失望”。 12．To her great (satisfy), all the students in her class made rapid progress in their studies. 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】句意：令她很满意的是，她班里所有的学生在学习上都取得了快速进步。此处为固定搭配to one’s+名词，意为“让某人怎么样的是”。satisfy的名词形式是satisfaction，意为“满意”，名词短语her great satisfaction作介词宾语。 13．Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an (amaze) meal out of almost anything. 【答案】amazing 【详解】句意：尽管如此，这也提醒着我们：解决可持续发展问题有多种途径，而且你几乎可以用任何食材做出令人惊艳的一餐。修饰名词meal，表示“令人惊喜的”用形容词amazing。 14．The boy played the piano so well that all the audience stood up and (clap). 【答案】clapped 【详解】句意：这个男孩弹钢琴的技艺如此精湛，以至于所有的观众都站起身来鼓掌。空处和stood up并列，作从句的谓语，时态应保持一致，用一般过去时，因此用clap“鼓掌”的过去式clapped。 15．They made an (announce) that there would be an English speech competition next week. 【答案】announcement 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们宣布下周将举办一场英语演讲比赛。根据空格前的made an以及所给动词announce可知，空格处应该填入announce的名词单数形式announcement作动词made的宾语。故填announcement。 16．According to the group, the (inspire) comes from a popular Chinese song by a pop singer, in which the lyrics mention a No. 2 bus parked on a building’s 8th floor. The creators have brought these lyrics to life. 【答案】inspiration 【详解】句意：据该团队称，这一灵感源自一位流行歌手的热门中文歌曲，歌词里提到一辆2路公交车停在8楼，创作者把歌词变成了现实。定冠词the后接名词作主语；inspire是动词“启发、赋予灵感”，对应的名词是inspiration（灵感）；谓语comes为单数，主语用单数形式即可。 17．Tom, together with his classmates, (prefer) to explore nature rather than stay at home during vacations. 【答案】prefers 【详解】考查主谓一致与时态。句意：汤姆和他的同学们假期时更喜欢探索自然而不是待在家里。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，together with连接并列主语，使用“就前原则”，即根据主语Tom而定，谓语动词用prefer的第三人称单数形式。故填prefers。 18．Beyond its role as a toy, the   (principle) behind the Luban lock’s interlocking structures have been extended into the field of architectural design. 【答案】principles 【详解】考查名词。句意：除了作为玩具的作用外，鲁班锁互锁结构背后的原理还被应用到了建筑设计领域。principle为可数名词，意为“原理”，句中谓语动词为have been extended，主语需用复数形式，故将 principle变为复数principles。故填principles。 19．They imagine that their dreams are not realistically (achieve). 【答案】achievable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们认为自己的梦想在现实中是无法实现的。本空在句中作表语，用形容词achievable“可实现的，可达到的”。故填achievable。 20． (prevent) the spread of the disease, the local government closed all the crowded public places at once. 【答案】To prevent 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了阻止疾病的传播，当地政府立即关闭了所有拥挤的公共场所。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式to prevent，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To prevent。 21．I will never forget the people and things appear in my high school life. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记高中生活中出现的人和事。空处引导定语从句，先行词the people and things既有人又有物，只能用that。 22．The girl you talked with at the party is good at writing English compositions. 【答案】who/whom/that 【详解】句意：你在派对上和她聊的那个女孩擅长写英文作文。“____ you talked with at the party”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The girl，指人，关系词指代先行词，在从句中作介词with的宾语，此定语从句可用关系代词who/whom/that引导。 23．I cherish the precious time with my classmates accompany and encourage me all the way. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：我珍惜与同窗相伴的珍贵时光，他们一路陪伴并鼓励我。空处引导限制性定语从句用，先行词classmates指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that引导。 24．One key green technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS), involves separating CO₂ from other gases at emission sources before they are released into the atmosphere. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：一项重要的绿色技术是碳捕获与封存（CCS），其原理是在排放源处将二氧化碳从其他气体中分离出来。空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词carbon capture and storage (CCS)，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。 25．Each builds a body of knowledge content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：每一个都构建了一个知识体系，其内容由描述事实、趋势和观察如何相互关联的一般法则、原理和概括组成。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a body of knowledge，与从句主语content构成所属关系，用关系代词whose。 26．The library we visited last week has a collection of over 100,000 books. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们上周参观的那家图书馆拥有超过10万册的藏书。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The library，先行词指物，在从句中作visited的宾语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 27．Finally, following an attack on the painting in 1956 caused damage to the left elbow of the figure, this was also repainted with watercolours. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，1956年这幅画作遭遇一次损毁了画中人物左肘部的损坏后，这部分区域也用水彩重新进行了绘制。此处引导定语从句，先行词为an attack，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 28．She received a letter from a friend family owned a farm near the capital city. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她收到了一位朋友的来信，这位朋友的家人在首都附近拥有一座农场。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a friend，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 29．The police offered rewards for anyone could lead them to the criminals. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：警方悬赏寻找任何能将他们引向罪犯的人。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系词代词who引导该从句。故填who。 30．People stayed in the open air were waiting for the helicopter to deliver supplies. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：待在户外的人们正等着直升机运送物资。分析句子结构可知，此空考查定语从句，先行词是People，为人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 题型五、单词拼写 31．New technology contains the ________ (应用) of 5G, big data and Cloud systems. 【答案】application 【详解】句意：新技术包含5G、大数据以及云系统的应用。根据汉语提示“应用”可知，空处应用名词application作宾语。 32．A ________ (均衡的) diet plays a key role in keeping fit. 【答案】balanced 【详解】句意：均衡饮食在保持健康方面起到至关重要的作用。 根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“均衡的”应用形容词balanced，此处修饰名词diet，符合语境。 33．In order to help students improve their study, our school has bought________(器材) for the lab. 【答案】equipment 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了帮助学生提高学习成绩，我们学校为实验室购置了设备。bought为及物动词后接名词equipment作宾语。且equipment为不可数名词。故填equipment。 34．Can you give me some useful________(提示)on how to improve my English? 【答案】tips 【详解】考查名词。句意：能给我一些提高我的英语水平的建议吗？tip为可数名词,且被some修饰，所以用tip的复数tips。故填 tips. 35．The athlete's dedication and success served as a great _________ (激励) for many younger players. 【答案】inspiration 【详解】句意：这位运动员的执着努力和辉煌成就对许多年轻运动员来说是一种极大的鼓舞。根据汉语提示可知用名词inspiration，作宾语。 36．The doctor applied an ice _________ (包裹) to the injured player’s knee to reduce the swelling. 【答案】pack 【详解】句意：医生给受伤球员的膝盖敷上了冰袋，以减轻肿胀。“包裹”是pack，空前有an，空格处用单数。 37．Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our ________ (成就)? 【答案】achievements 【详解】句意：当他们回顾我们的成就时，心中的脑海中是否会浮现出“成功”这个词呢？our后跟名词，“成就”的名词是achievement，要用复数。 38．Also, could I ________ (提醒) you that the deadline for submission is this Friday, June 14th? 【答案】remind 【详解】句意：另外，我能否提醒您一下，提交截止日期是本周五，即 6 月 14 日？空前有情态动词could，空格处用动词原形，“提醒”的动词是remind。 39．They took up arms in ________ (防御) of their country. 【答案】defense/defence 【详解】句意：他们拿起武器保卫自己的国家。根据汉语提示“防御”可知，此处为名词defense或defence，固定搭配in defence/defense of意为“保卫”，名词作宾语。 40．It is not clear what causes the _______ (疾病) but long-time working pressure may be one of the reasons. 【答案】disease 【详解】考查名词。句意：这种疾病的病因尚不清楚，但长期工作压力可能是原因之一。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词disease“疾病”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填disease。 题型六、完成句子 41．他第一次鼓起勇气在一大群听众面前讲话。 He ________________ to speak in front of a large audience for the first time. 【答案】gathered his courage 【详解】根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处是动词短语gather his courage“鼓起他的勇气”，符合语境，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。 42．没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一些音乐更能让我们振作起来了。 There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to ________________. 【答案】cheer us up 【详解】固定搭配 cheer sb. up意为 “使某人振作起来”；不定式to后接动词原形，宾语“我们”用宾格us。 43．任何努力工作的人都会成功。 ________ ________ works hard will succeed. 【答案】 Anyone who 【详解】第一空处应填主句的主语“任何人”,用anyone表示，作先行词,在句首时首字母大写；第二空处应填关系代词引导定语从句，当先行词为anyone时，可用who引导定语从句，指代先行词，且在从句中作主语。 44．真正强大的人有能力面对失败并从中学习。 People who are truly strong ________ ________ ________ facing failure and learning from it. 【答案】 are capable of 【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意“有能力”可知短语为be capable of，句子描述客观现象，为一般现在时，主语为People，谓语用复数。故填are capable of。 45．It is said that the plane ________________ the mountain due to bad weather. 据说那架飞机因天气恶劣撞上了那座山。 【答案】crashed into 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。“撞上”为固定搭配crash into，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填crashed into。 46．Jordan’s skills were impressive, ________________________. 乔丹的球技令人赞叹，然而他所展示的精神力量使他成为独一无二的球星。 【答案】but the mental strength that he showed made him unique 【详解】考查并列句和定语从句。根据句意，此处需补充“然而他所展示的精神力量使他成为独一无二的球星”，前半句与主句构成转折关系，用but连接两个并列句；“精神力量”译为“mental strength”，“他所展示的”为定语从句修饰先行词“mental strength”，从句中缺少宾语，所以此处使用关系代词that引导，表示“展示”为show，此处讲述的是过去的事情，使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为showed，所以定语从句译为that he showed；“使他成为独一无二的球星”译为“made him unique”，“unique”此处指代“独一无二的球星”，符合语境。故填but the mental strength that he showed made him unique。 47．We got home at six, but ________ ________ didn’t get back until 10 o’clock. 我们6点到家，但其他人直到10点才回来。 【答案】 the others 【详解】考查代词。此处指除了“我们”之外的“其他人”，应用代词the others，作but后句子的主语，表示特定范围内的其余的人或物。故填①the；②others。 48．孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在屋里。 The children ________ ________ cycle to the countryside ________ ________ stay indoors all the day. 【答案】 prefer to rather than 【详解】考查固定短语。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“宁愿……也不愿……”，结合空后动词“cycle”和“stay”可知，用短语prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填①prefer②to③rather④than。 49．你既有新的渴望要独立，又需要父母持续的关爱和支持。 You have both _________ _________ _________ _________ _________and a continued need for your parents' love and support. 【答案】 a new desire for independence 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意表示“渴望”应用名词desire；表示“独立”应用名词independence；表示“新的渴望要独立”短语为a new desire for independence，作宾语。故填a new desire for independence。 50．青少年时期养成的好习惯能让人受益终身。 Good habits formed at youth _____________. 【答案】make a person benefit all his life 【详解】考查使役动词的固定搭配和时态。表示“让某人做某事”用make sb. do sth.，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Good habits为复数，谓语用动词原形make；表示“一个人”用a person，作make的宾语；表示“受益终身”用benefit all his life，用省略to的不定式短语，作宾补。故填make a person benefit all his life。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高一下·山东淄博·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 9th Asian Winter Games 1 (take) place from February 7th to 14th, 2025, in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, further improving the city’s status (地位) of being a chief ice and snow tourism destination. Since the start of the 2024-2025 winter season, Harbin has maintained its fame of a must-visit hotspot. According to the Ctrip’s 2025 Spring Festival Travel Report, Harbin was recognized 2 the most popular ice and snow tourism attraction in China, creating a record-breaking 19.15 billion yuan in tourism income (收入). 3 number of tourists increased by 144.7%, which strengthened its 4 (globe) appeal. Following the holiday season, Harbin changed into Asian Winter Games mode, drawing even 5 (great) attention from international visitors. Data from Tongcheng Travel show that hotel bookings in Harbin increased by nearly 60% year-on-year in February. Meanwhile, 6 (search) for “Harbin” on the platform have doubled compared to those of last year, which 7 (drive) by the Winter Games and favorable travel conditions. Unlike previous years, when crowds 8 (typical) reduced after the Spring Festival, tourist arrivals have remained strong. The Yabuli resort now welcomes around 20,000 visitors daily — 20% more than the same period last year. 9 (satisfy) the growing needs, China Railway Harbin decides to introduce a high-speed rail loop connecting major winter tourism destinations, including Harbin, Mudanjiang, Jiamusi, Yabuli, and Jingpo Lake, providing continuous transportation for travelers. The Winter Games, 10 influence has extended far beyond Harbin, have greatly stimulated (激发) public love for skiing and snow sports, bringing a nationwide winter tourism. 【答案】 1．took 2．as 3．The 4．global 5．greater 6．searches 7．was driven 8．typically 9．To satisfy 10．whose 【导语】文章主要介绍2025年第九届亚冬会在哈尔滨举办，讲述哈尔滨冰雪旅游热度高涨、游客数量大幅增长，亚冬会进一步提升城市影响力，带动全域冰雪文旅发展。 1．考查时态。句意：第九届亚洲冬季运动会于2025年2月7日至14日在黑龙江省哈尔滨市举办，进一步提升这座城市作为冰雪旅游核心目的地的地位。此句描述的是过去发生的事实，应用一般过去时，take的过去式为took。 2．考查介词。句意：据携程2025春节旅行报告显示，哈尔滨被认定为国内最热门冰雪旅游胜地，创下191.5亿元的旅游收入新高。be recognized as是固定短语，意为“被视作，被认定为”。 3．考查冠词。句意：游客数量涨幅达144.7%，提升了它的全球吸引力。the number of为固定搭配，表示“……的数量”，句首单词首字母大写。 4．考查形容词。句意：游客数量涨幅达144.7%，提升了它的全球吸引力。此处修饰名词appeal，需用形容词作定语，globe的形容词形式global，意为“全球的”。 5．考查形容词。句意：春节假期过后，哈尔滨开启亚冬会模式，吸引了国际游客更多的关注。空前副词even用来修饰形容词比较级，great的比较级形式为greater，意为“更大的，更多的”。 6．考查名词。句意：与此同时，该平台上“哈尔滨”的搜索量相较去年翻倍，这一现象由亚冬会与优越的出行条件推动。空处在句中作主语，结合谓语动词have可知主语为复数；search此处表示“搜索词条，搜索量”，为可数名词，复数形式searches。 7．考查时态与语态。句意：与此同时，该平台上“哈尔滨”的搜索量相较去年翻倍，这一现象由亚冬会与优越的出行条件推动。此句描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时；关系代词which指代前文搜索量翻倍这件事，谓语动词用单数，且与drive之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态was driven。 8．考查副词。句意：往年春节过后游客数量通常会回落，今年和往年情况不同，到访游客量依旧居高不下。此处修饰动词reduced，需要用副词作状语，typical的副词形式typically，意为“通常地，典型地”。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：为满足日益增长的出行需求，中国铁路哈尔滨局规划开通高铁环线，串联哈尔滨、牡丹江、佳木斯、亚布力、镜泊湖等冰雪旅游核心目的地，为游客提供持续出行保障。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。 10．考查定语从句。句意：这场影响力早已远超哈尔滨一城的亚冬会，极大激发了大众对冰雪运动的热爱，掀起全国冬季旅游热潮。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Winter Games，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。 （25-26高一上·四川成都·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wu Yiren, a six-year-old from a kindergarten in Dalang township, Dongguan, Guangdong province, has gained 1 (popular) because of his love for snooker (斯诺克台球). Too short to reach the table, he often brings a small chair to competitions — a sight 2 has quickly won hearts online. His father, Wu Zhijian, a 3 (respect) doctor and longtime snooker lover, often spent evenings playing with friends. The younger Wu would watch 4 (quiet) nearby, and through this constant exposure, he gradually developed a strong interest in the sport. 5 (realize) his interest, the family arranged for him to train with Li Jianbing, a coach from the Chinese Billiard Sports Association. Under the guidance of Li, Wu’s skills have improved quickly. Most of Wu’s free time now 6 (spend) practicing. He has a clear goal: to train hard, learn the basics fully, and one day become a professional player. Wu’s story reflects 7 bigger change underway in Dongguan. The city is changing from supporting industries to building a snooker culture. By developing a complete snooker industry, Dongguan is taking 8 a new image as the “City of Snooker.” The year 2025 was impressive for Chinese snooker. In May, China’s Zhao Xintong became the first Asian player 9 (win) the World Snooker Championship in the United Kingdom, while Bai Yulu 10 (keep) her title at the 2025 World Women’s Snooker Championship in Dongguan by defeating the world’s top-ranked player. 【答案】 1．popularity 2．that/which 3．respected/respectable 4．quietly 5．Having realized/Realizing 6．is spent 7．a 8．on 9．to win 10．kept 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了广东东莞大朗镇一名六岁幼儿园小朋友吴宜伦因热爱斯诺克台球而走红。他受父亲影响对斯诺克产生兴趣，在教练指导下刻苦训练，目标成为职业选手。同时，文章还提及东莞从支持相关产业向打造斯诺克文化转变，以及2025年中国斯诺克选手在国内外赛事取得的成绩。 1．考查名词。句意：来自广东省东莞市大朗镇一所幼儿园的六岁小朋友吴宜伦，因为对斯诺克台球的热爱而走红。空前为动词gained，所以此处应用名词作宾语，popular的名词形式为popularity，意为“流行；受欢迎”。故填popularity。 2．考查定语从句。句意：由于身高太矮够不到球桌，他经常带着一把小椅子参加比赛，这一场景迅速在网上赢得了人们的喜爱。分析句子结构可知，“____2____ has quickly won hearts online”为定语从句，先行词为sight，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 3．考查形容词。句意：他的父亲吴志坚是一位受人尊敬的医生，也是一位资深的斯诺克爱好者，他经常晚上和朋友们一起打球。此处修饰名词doctor，应用形容词形式，respect的形容词有respected（受人尊敬的）和respectable（值得尊敬的），二者在此处均符合语境。故填respected/respectable。 4．考查副词。句意：小吴宜伦会在旁边静静地观看，通过这种持续的接触，他逐渐对这项运动产生了浓厚的兴趣。此处修饰动词watch，应用副词形式，quiet的副词为quietly，意为“安静地”。故填quietly。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：意识到他的兴趣后，家人安排他跟随中国台球协会的教练李建兵进行训练。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词arranged，此处应用非谓语动词，the family与realize之间是主动关系，且“意识到兴趣”这一动作发生在“安排训练”之前，所以可用现在分词的完成式Having realized作状语，也可用现在分词Realizing作状语。故填Having realized/Realizing。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：吴宜伦现在的大部分空闲时间都花在练习上。句子描述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语Most of Wu’ s free time与spend之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语为不可数概念，所以用is spent。故填is spent。 7．考查冠词。句意：吴宜伦的故事反映了东莞正在发生的一个更大的变化。此处表示泛指“一个更大的变化”，bigger是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．考查介词。句意：通过发展完整的斯诺克产业，东莞正在呈现出“斯诺克之城”的新形象。take on为固定短语，意为“呈现；承担”，此处表示“呈现新形象”，所以用介词on。故填on。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：5月，中国选手赵心童成为首位在英国赢得世界斯诺克锦标赛冠军的亚洲选手，而白雨露在东莞举行的2025年世界女子斯诺克锦标赛中击败世界排名第一的选手，成功卫冕。当名词前有序数词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语，所以此处用to win修饰the first Asian player。故填to win。 10．考查动词时态。句意：5月，中国选手赵心童成为首位在英国赢得世界斯诺克锦标赛冠军的亚洲选手，而白雨露在东莞举行的2025年世界女子斯诺克锦标赛中击败世界排名第一的选手，成功卫冕。根据时间状语The year 2025可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，keep的过去式为kept。故填kept。 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高一下·四川泸州·期中）你的外国笔友Helen在最近发来的邮件中介绍了自己的课外生活，并询问你最喜欢的体育运动。请你用英语给她回一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.介绍你最喜欢的体育运动； 2.你从中得到的益处。 注意：写作词数应为80词左右。 Dear Helen, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Helen, I’m glad to receive your email and know about your colorful after-school life. My favorite sport is swimming all the time. It can not only strengthen my body and keep me fit, but also ease my pressure from study. It also helps me build courage and keep a good state of mind. I often swim with my friends twice a week in my spare time. I really enjoy this meaningful sport. Could you tell me what sports you like best in your free time? Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给外国笔友Helen回邮件，回应对方对自己最喜欢的体育运动的询问，介绍自己最喜欢的体育运动，并说明从中得到的益处。 1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 增强：strengthen → build up 缓解：ease → relieve 有意义的：meaningful → significant 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：It can not only strengthen my body and keep me fit, but also ease my pressure from study. 拓展句：Not only can it strengthen my body and keep me fit, but also it can ease my pressure from study. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 I’m glad to receive your email and know about your colorful after-school life.（运用了动词不定式作状语） 【高分句型2】Could you tell me what sports you like best in your free time?（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $