精品解析：上海交通大学附属中学2024-2025学年度第二学期高三英语摸底考试英语试卷

2024-2025学年度第二学期 高三英语摸底考试卷 （满分115分，105分钟完成。） I. Grammar and Vocabulary (25’) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Climate Change Is Causing Sleep Loss High nighttime temperatures led to 5% more hours of sleep lost worldwide over the past five years compared to the period between 1986 and 2005, according to the latest edition of the Lancet’s study of climate and health. It is the first time the prestigious medical journal ____1____ (examine) this metric. Sleep loss peaked in 2023, the hottest year on record, ____2____ there was a 6% rise. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown on health and climate change report, ____3____ (author) by 122 global experts, found that high temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly impacting people’s health. In 2023, a record 512 billion potential hours of labor were lost globally due to high temperatures. Heat-related deaths in people over the age of 65 reached the highest levels on record, 167% higher in____4____ 1990s. In many places, nighttime temperatures are rising faster than daytime temperatures. ____5____impacting sleep, overheating at night reduces the body’s ability to cool down and recover from the heat of the day, ____6____ (worsen) heat wave deaths, especially among people with pre-existing heart and respiratory problems. The study used historic sleep-tracking and temperature data ____7____ (estimate) the effects on sleep from high nighttime temperatures across different years. ____8____ (big) increases in lost sleep were in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. Even in more temperate climates, overheating at night can be exacerbated by poor building design ____9____leaves indoor temperatures warmer than outdoor temperatures. Buildings can be equipped with air-conditioning or better shaded to reduce ____10____they heat up during the day. Power demand from air conditioning use is expected to triple by 2050. 【答案】1. has examined 2. when 3. authored 4. the 5. As well as##In addition to 6. worsening 7. to estimate 8. The biggest 9. that##which 10. how much 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍气候变化导致夜间升温，进而造成全球睡眠流失加剧，并阐述高温带来的各类健康与社会影响。 【1题详解】 考查固定句型与时态。句意：这是这本知名医学期刊首次研究该项指标。在固定句型It is the first time that...中从句使用现在完成时，从句主语the prestigious medical journal为单数，谓语动词has examined。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：睡眠流失量在有记录以来最热的2023年达到顶峰，在这一年睡眠流失率上升了百分之六。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为2023，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这份由122名全球专家撰写的第八期《柳叶刀健康与气候变化年度报告》发现，高温、干旱和强降雨正日益影响人类健康。本句已有谓语found，空处应用非谓语动词，report与author为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。 【4题详解】 考查冠词。句意：65岁以上人群的高温相关死亡人数创下历史新高，比20世纪90年代高出167%。年代前必须加定冠词the，in the 1990s为固定表达，意为“在20世纪90年代”。 【5题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：不仅（除了）影响睡眠，夜间过热还会降低身体降温以及从日间高温中恢复的能力。结合句意，此处表示“不仅”或“除……之外”，用as well as/in addition to。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：夜间过热还会降低身体降温以及从日间高温中恢复的能力，加剧热浪致死情况，尤其针对患有心脏和呼吸系统基础疾病的人群。句子已有谓语reduces，此处用非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究利用历史睡眠监测数据和温度数据，评估不同年份夜间高温对睡眠造成的影响。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”，此处用不定式作目的状语。 【8题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：睡眠流失增幅最大的地区为中东和撒哈拉以南非洲地区。结合in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa可知，此处表示范围之内的最高程度，应用形容词最高级，且最高级前通常需加定冠词，句首单词首字母大写。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：即便是在气候更温和的地区，不合理的建筑设计会加剧夜间过热，这类设计使得室内温度高于室外温度。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为building design（事物），定语从句缺少主语，可用关系代词that或which引导。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：建筑可以配备空调或更好的遮阳设施，以减少建筑在日间的升温幅度。此处作reduce的宾语从句，修饰升温程度，表示“多少、程度”，用how much。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adoption B. concerns C. constitutes D. deliberately E. fundamentally F. generate G. landscape H. set I. shift J. substantial K. tensions *Energy Source Energy remains a slow-moving industry. Over the past three decades, significant changes include the US shale (页岩) revolution and the dramatic drop in the costs of wind and solar power. Despite these advancements, US shale ____11____ only about 8% of the world’s oil supply, and renewable sources, including water power, still ____12____ less electricity than coal, which has long been the dominant fuel source. Looking ahead, the energy ____13____ is expected to closely mirror last year’s trends. Coal demand is likely to remain stable, although the future outlook for coal is uncertain. While some regions might continue investing in new coal-fired power plants, this trend could be restrained by the rising____14____ about air quality, which may prevent significant new investments. The costs of renewable electricity and energy storage are expected to continue declining, ____15____reshaping power markets around the world. Wind and solar power have already overtaken fossil fuels in adding new generation capacity, even in emerging economies. This trend is likely to speed up as technology advances and costs decrease, leading to a more significant ____16____ away from fossil fuels. Electric car sales, which went beyond what was expected in 2018, are anticipated to keep rising. With new models being introduced and expansion into various markets, including Europe, the growth in electric vehicles sales is ____17____to continue. This rise reflects the increasing ____18____of electric cars and their growing presence in the global automotive market. Finally, the global economic outlook will play a crucial role in influencing oil prices. Economic uncertainties, such as trade ____19____ and rising interest rates, are expected to have a ____20____impact on the oil market. These factors are likely to affect oil prices more significantly than other influences, such as production decisions by OPEC or new shipping fuel regulations. 【答案】11. C 12. F 13. G 14. B 15. E 16. I 17. H 18. A 19. K 20. J 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了能源行业的发展现状与未来趋势，阐述美国页岩油气、可再生能源的供给现状，预测能源行业整体发展走向、可再生能源的市场变革、电动汽车的销售态势，以及全球经济形势对石油市场的影响。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管取得了这些进展，美国页岩油气仅构成全球石油供应的8%左右，包括水力发电在内的可再生能源的发电量仍然少于长期以来占据主导燃料地位的煤炭。句子缺少谓语动词，主语US shale为单数，结合only about 8% of the world’s oil supply可知，表示构成全球石油供应的8%左右，选用C选项constitutes“构成”，符合一般现在时单数谓语用法。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管取得了这些进展，美国页岩油气仅构成全球石油供应的8%左右，包括水力发电在内的可再生能源的发电量仍然少于长期以来占据主导燃料地位的煤炭。句子缺少谓语动词，主语renewable sources为复数，结合宾语electricity可知，此处表示产生电力，选用F选项generate“生产”，主语sources是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：展望未来，能源格局预计将与去年的趋势高度吻合。此处为名词作主语，结合后文Coal demand is likely to remain stable, although the future outlook for coal is uncertain.可知，此处指能源行业整体形势，选用G选项landscape“格局、态势”。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然部分地区可能继续投资新建燃煤电厂，但这一趋势可能会因人们对空气质量日益增长的担忧而受到抑制，这可能会阻碍大规模的新增投资。形容词rising后接名词，结合air quality可知，此处指对空气的担忧，选用B选项concerns“担忧”。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：可再生能源发电和储能成本预计将持续下降，从根本上重塑全球电力市场。此处为副词修饰现在分词reshaping，结合下文Wind and solar power have already overtaken fossil fuels in adding new generation capacity, even in emerging economies.可知，此处表示从根本上塑造电力市场，选用E选项fundamentally“根本地”。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着技术进步和成本降低，这一趋势可能会加速发展，促使能源使用进一步从化石燃料转向其他能源。形容词significant后接名词，根据 away from fossil fuels可知，此处指能源的使用从化石燃料转向其他，搭，选用I选项shift“转变、转变趋势”。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着新车型的推出以及向欧洲等多个市场的扩张，电动汽车销量的增长势必持续下去。根据With new models being introduced and expansion into various markets, including Europe推测，新车型的扩张势必导致电动车的销量增长，选用H选项set，此处为固定搭配be set to do sth.，表示“注定、势必做某事”。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一增长体现了电动汽车普及率的不断提升及其在全球汽车市场中日益提升的地位。形容词increasing后接名词，结合下文their growing presence in the global automotive market可知，此处指电动车的普及，选用A选项adoption“采纳，普及”。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：贸易紧张局势、利率上升等经济不确定性，预计将对石油市场产生重大影响。结合rising interest rates推测，此处指贸易紧张，选用K选项tensions“紧张局势”。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：贸易紧张局势、利率上升等经济不确定性，预计将对石油市场产生重大影响。此处为形容词修饰名词impact，结合下文 These factors are likely to affect oil prices more significantly than other influences可知，此处指这些因素会对石油市场产生重大影响，选用J选项substantial“重大的”。 III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024, a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing, get there by car. On the opening day, ____21____ the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets. Helpfully, the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the____22____ competition powerfully impacting China’s car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands, most of the vehicles are electric. And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others, and local technology____23____ such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once ____24____the domestic market. China’s carmakers are launching new models more quickly, and much more ____25____, than rivals abroad. Bernstein, an agent, thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones, while ____26____better tech. In Beijing, Ji Yue, a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely, China’s second-biggest carmaker, and the technology of Baidu, the country’s biggest search engine, showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely ____27____by voice commands and a touchscreen. It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece. ____28____, prices for Xiaomi’s SU7, another handsome model overflowing with clever technology, start at roughly the same level. The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000____29____for it in one month, half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to ____30____. On April 28th Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to ____31____ its mapping data. The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China, and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper local ____32____. One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry’s fast expansion is a cruel price war. Steep price cuts in China____33____to Tesla’s falling sales and profits in the first quarter. On April 29th BYD, which has also been offering deep discounts, reported rising sales compared with a year ago, but a big ____34____ on revenues. If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai. Just don’t expect____35____ crowds. 21. A. assembling B. erasing C. navigating D. surrounding 22. A. demanding B. dynamic C. friendly D. intense 23. A. champions B. drivers C. opponents D. sponsors 24. A. disturbed B. dominated C. impacted D. transformed 25. A. cheaply B. conveniently C. sustainably D. widely 26. A. abusing B. boasting C. disrupting D. switching 27. A. controlled B. driven C. parked D. reversed 28. A. Conversely B. Instead C. Besides D. Therefore 29. A. exchanges B. orders C. refunds D. returns 30. A. add up B. cheer up C. catch up D. give up 31. A. acquire B. inquire C. require D. request 32. A. alternatives B. initiatives C. schemes D. varieties 33. A. tributed B. attributed C. contributed D. distributed 34. A. mass B. mess C. miss D. moss 35. A. less calm B. more thrilled C. smarter D. smaller 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕2024北京车展展开，介绍中国新能源汽车产业的强劲竞争力、优势及行业价格战带来的影响。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：开展首日，在络绎不绝、渴望一睹展出机械奇观的人流中穿行，需要和穿行在北京拥堵街道上一样的毅力。A. assembling集合；B. erasing清除；C. navigating穿行、应对；D. surrounding包围。根据后文“traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets”可知，此处指在拥挤人流中穿行。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：所幸，前往展馆的这段路程也有助于人们理解正深刻影响中国汽车行业的激烈竞争。A. demanding苛刻的；B. dynamic动态的；C. friendly友好的；D. intense激烈的。结合下文“powerfully impacting China’s car industry.”推测，汽车行业竞争激烈。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国汽车品牌以及华为、小米等本土科技龙头企业，正在逐步取代曾经掌控国内市场的外国车企。A. champions领军者、佼佼者；B. drivers司机；C. opponents对手；D. sponsors赞助商。结合下文“are edging out the foreign manufacturers ”并结合常识可知，华为、小米是国内科技领域的领军企业。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：中国汽车品牌以及华为、小米等本土科技龙头企业，正在逐步取代曾经掌控国内市场的外国车企。A. disturbed打扰；B. dominated掌控、主导；C. impacted影响；D. transformed转变。结合上文“ foreign manufacturers that once”和常识可知，外资车企曾长期占据、主导中国市场。 【25题详解】 考查副词。句意：中国汽车制造商推出新车型的速度比海外竞争对手更快，成本也更低。A. cheaply廉价地；B. conveniently便利地；C. sustainably可持续地；D. widely广泛地。根据后文“Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones”可知，国产车造车、售车成本更低。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：伯恩斯坦机构认为，中国电动汽车售价仅为欧洲车型的一半，同时坐拥更优质的技术。A. abusing滥用；B. boasting拥有、自诩；C. disrupting扰乱；D. switching转换。根据上文“Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones”和表示对比的while可知，虽然国产车价格便宜但拥有优质的技术。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：在北京，成立三年的合资品牌极越融合了中国第二大车企吉利的造车工艺与国内最大搜索引擎百度的技术，展出了一款可完全通过语音指令与触摸屏操控的时尚车型。A. controlled操控；B. driven驾驶；C. parked停放；D. reversed倒车。根据下文“voice commands and a touchscreen”可知，车辆可通过语音和触屏操控。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：此外，另一款搭载诸多智能技术的高颜值车型小米SU7，起售价也大致处于同一水平。A. Conversely相反地；B. Instead相反；C. Besides此外；D. Therefore因此。前文介绍极越车型售价，此处补充小米车型售价相近，表递进补充，用besides。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：这家智能手机厂商在一个月内就收到了超七万五千份该车订单，占其全年计划产量的一半。A. exchanges交换；B. orders订单；C. refunds退款；D. returns退货。结合前文“The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000”和车企销售语境可知，此处指客户购车订单。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：依赖中国市场获取大量营收和利润的西方企业，迫切想要追赶上来。A. add up合计；B. cheer up振作；C. catch up追赶；D. give up放弃。根据上文“and local technology ____ such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once ____ the domestic market.”可知，中国车企飞速发展，外资车企急需追赶行业发展节奏。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：4月28日，特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克到访北京，与百度签约以获取其地图数据。A. acquire获取、获得；B. inquire询问；C. require需要；D. request请求。根据下文“The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China”推测，特斯拉签约合作是为了获取百度地图数据。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：该协议旨在让这家美国电动车先驱可在中国落地自动驾驶系统，并赢回那些舍弃特斯拉、选择性价比更高、技术更先进的本土替代车型的中国科技爱好者消费者。A. alternatives替代物、备选车型；B. initiatives倡议；C. schemes方案；D. varieties种类。根据上文“ who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper”可知，此处指替代特斯拉的国产汽车。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：中国市场的大幅降价，导致特斯拉第一季度销量和利润双双下滑。A. retributed回报；B. attributed归因于；C. contributed导致、促成；D. distributed分发。根据上文“Steep price cuts”和下文“Tesla’s falling sales and profits”可知，降价导致特斯拉第一季度销量和利润下滑。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：同样大幅降价的比亚迪，同比销量有所上涨，但营收出现显著缺口。A. mass大量；B. mess混乱；C. miss缺失；D. moss苔藓。根据上文“reported rising sales compared with a year ago”和表示转折的but可知，车企降价促销，虽然销量上涨，但营收出现缺口。 【35题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：但别期待届时会出现更少的观展人群。A. less calm更不平静的；B. more thrilled更激动的；C. smarter更聪明的；D. smaller更少的。结合上文“If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai.”推测，虽然参展的车企可能会更少，但观展的人不会少。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Chinese Animated Film Shatters Box Office Records In less than two weeks since its release, “Ne Zha 2,” an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology and a famous 16th century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China. The film will be released in North America on Friday. “Ne Zha 2” is a sequel to what had been the highest-grossing animated film in China. In the 2019 original, Nezha is born as the reincarnation (转世) of a demon with supernatural powers, but destined to live only three years. He fights back against his fate and saves his village. In the sequel, Nezha revisits a similar theme. He challenges the political order and authority governing gods and demons, fighting the Dragon King of the Four Seas and other creatures. “Ne Zha 2 is the rare movie that hits all the marks,” said Raymond Zhou, an independent Chinese film critic. “It targets all demographics, and has successfully won over all of them.” Chinese state media and officials celebrated the movie’s success, portraying it as a recognition of China’s cultural influence. “Chinese culture is constantly moving forward in inheritance and innovation and showing its unique charm,” wrote the Global Times. The industry has gotten a boost from China’s broader efforts to stimulate consumer spending and bring economy back to life. The government added an extra day to the more than weeklong New Year holiday, giving moviegoers more time to go to the theater. In addition, there were discounts, subsidies and other incentives for movie tickets. But Mr. Zhou, the film critic, said the incentives did not explain the success of “Ne Zha 2.” He credited the franchise’s popularity to its spin on classic tales and characters, resonating with younger audiences. As the world’s second-largest movie market, after the United States, Chinese audiences were once a dependable source of ticket sales for Hollywood blockbusters. That is no longer the case. In 2023, no American film cracked the top 10. Hu Xijin, a former editor in chief of the Global Times, said China’s decision to open up to Hollywood films in the 1990s helped advance the country’s movie industry, but China can now stand on its own. “This is the best Chinese animation I have ever seen,” Mr. Hu wrote on Weibo, a social media platform. “The era when Chinese people looked up to Hollywood cartoons like ‘Kung Fu Panda’ and marveled at them is over.” 36. What makes “Ne Zha 2” unique, according to Raymond Zhou? A. It appeals to all demographics and has won over diverse audiences. B. It is based on a classic 16th century Chinese novel. C. It is the first Chinese animated film to be released in North America. D. It received significant government subsidies and incentives. 37. What does the success of “Ne Zha 2” signify, according to Chinese state media? A. The decline of Hollywood’s influence in China. B. The growing popularity of legendary figures based on Chinese mythology. C. The importance of government subsidies in the film industry. D. The recognition of China’s cultural influence. 38. What does the underlined word “incentives” mean? A. Financial benefits or rewards to encourage certain behaviors. B. Government policies to restrict the film industry. C. Public criticism of the film’s content. D. Technological advancements in film production. 39. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Chinese audiences are increasingly favoring domestic films over Hollywood blockbusters. B. Government subsidies are the main reason for the success of Chinese films. C. Hollywood films are still the most popular in China. D. The Chinese film industry still relies heavily on Hollywood for inspiration. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. A 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕国产动画《哪吒 2》打破票房纪录这一核心事件展开，从影片内容、市场火爆成因、行业格局变化、文化意义多个维度进行论述。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“It targets all demographics, and has successfully won over all of them.(它面向所有人口群体，成功赢得了所有观众的喜爱。)”可知，Raymond Zhou认为“哪吒2”的独特之处是它吸引了各个年龄层的观众，赢得了广泛的人群支持。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Chinese state media and officials celebrated the movie’s success, portraying it as a recognition of China’s cultural influence.(中国媒体和官员纷纷祝贺这部电影的成功，称其体现了中国的文化影响力。)”可知，《哪吒2》的成功意味着中国文化影响力得到认可。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段“The industry has gotten a boost from China’s broader efforts to stimulate consumer spending and bring economy back to life. The government added an extra day to the more than weeklong New Year holiday, giving moviegoers more time to go to the theater. In addition, there were discounts, subsidies(得益于中国多措并举刺激消费、提振经济，该行业迎来发展利好。政府将原本一周有余的春节假期延长一天，让观众有更多时间走进影院。此外，各地还推出观影折扣与补贴政策)”可知，中国政府想办法让观众更多地去看这部电影，所以会提供观影折扣与补贴政策和其他的一些金钱方面的奖励，incentives的意思是“激励”，和A选项“Financial benefits or rewards to encourage certain behaviors.(鼓励特定行为的财务利益或奖励)”意思相近。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 2023, no American film cracked the top 10. Hu Xijin, a former editor in chief of the Global Times, said China’s decision to open up to Hollywood films in the 1990s helped advance the country’s movie industry, but China can now stand on its own. “This is the best Chinese animation I have ever seen,” Mr. Hu wrote on Weibo, a social media platform. “The era when Chinese people looked up to Hollywood cartoons like ‘Kung Fu Panda’ and marveled at them is over.”(2023 年，没有任何一部美国影片跻身票房前十。《环球时报》前总编辑胡锡进表示，上世纪 90 年代中国引进好莱坞影片的举措曾推动国内电影行业发展，但如今中国电影已然能够自立自强。他在社交媒体微博发文称：“这是我看过最好的国产动画。国人追捧、惊叹《功夫熊猫》这类好莱坞动画的时代已经过去了。”)”可知，中国观众越来越倾向于选择国产电影，而非好莱坞大片。 (B) A well-designed PowerPoint presentation can help communicate your ideas effectively and engage your audience. To avoid creating text-heavy slides that bore your audience, follow these essential 4 sorts of tips compiled from PowerPoint expert Ferry Pereboom. 1. Text Tips: Keep Text Short: Stick to the 5×5 rule — no more than 5 lines with 5 words per line. Choose Readable Fonts: Use classic, easy-to-read fonts like Calibri or Helvetica. Font Size: Set headers to 20pt and body text to 18pt for better legibility. 2. Design Tips: Increase Contrast: Make text easy to read by using high contrast, such as dark text on a light background. Use Colors Wisely: Choose colors based on your audience — bright colors for informal presentations and subdued (柔和的) tones for professional settings. PowerPoint Shapes: Replace bullet points with shapes to make your message clearer and visually appealing. Select Relevant Visuals: Use high-quality images that support your message and maintain consistency. Mock-ups (实物图) Over Screenshots: Use device mock-ups instead of screenshots for a more polished look. Visualize Data: Use graphs, charts, and SmartArt to represent data clearly. Simplify Tables: Avoid clutter in tables by removing unnecessary borders and colors. Industry Templates(模版): Use industry-specific templates to make your slides more relevant. 3. ________: Minimize Transitions: Use simple transitions, like fade, to keep the focus on your content. Presenter View: Use Presenter View to monitor time, slides, and notes. Provide an Outline: Start with a welcome slide, followed by a menu slide and a summary slide to help your audience follow along. 4. Hardware Tips: Back Up Your Presentation: Save your slides in multiple formats (e.g., PDF or Google Slides) to prevent technical issues. By applying these tips, you can create a PowerPoint that is engaging, clear, and professional, ensuring your message is communicated effectively. 40. Which of the following phrases can best fill in the blank? A. Standardization Tips B. Orientation Tips C. Limitation Tips D. Easy-to-Read Tips 41. According to the passage, which of the following may upset the audience’s visual experience during a rather formal meeting? A. Templates customized for the corresponding academic fields. B. Calm and soft background colors combined with texts using high-contrast colors. C. A diagram directly captured from a paper via print screen key on the keyboard. D. Ideas described in an easy form and appropriate number of technical terms. 42. Sheryl is preparing for her annual academic medical outcome presentation. Following is one of her slides. To modify the improper place(s), she should refer to Sort ________ of tips. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是一系列关于如何设计高效、吸引人的PowerPoint演示文稿的技巧。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三部分“Minimize Transitions: Use simple transitions, like fade, to keep the focus on your content. Presenter View: Use Presenter View to monitor time, slides, and notes. Provide an Outline: Start with a welcome slide, followed by a menu slide and a summary slide to help your audience follow along.(减少切换特效：仅使用淡入淡出这类简洁切换效果，让观众注意力集中在演示内容上。演讲者视图：开启演讲者视图，可同步查看计时、幻灯片页面与备注文稿。制作内容大纲：开篇放置欢迎页，搭配目录页与总结页，方便观众理清演讲脉络。)”可知，这些技巧主要涉及演示过程中的操作和设置，帮助演讲者更好地引导观众，因此B选项“Orientation Tips(引导性技巧)”适合放在空白处。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Mock-ups (实物图) Over Screenshots: Use device mock-ups instead of screenshots for a more polished look.(优先使用设备模型图，而非单纯截图，整体视觉效果会更精致美观。)”可知，通过键盘上的截屏键直接从文献中截取的图表可能会显得不专业，影响观众的视觉体验。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据Text Tips:部分“Keep Text Short: Stick to the 5×5 rule — no more than 5 lines with 5 words per line. Choose Readable Fonts: Use classic, easy-to-read fonts like Calibri or Helvetica. Font Size: Set headers to 20pt and body text to 18pt for better legibility.(精简文字：遵循 5×5 原则 —— 每页文字不超过 5 行，每行不多于 5 个单词。选用易读字体：使用卡利布里、黑体等经典清晰字体。字号设置：标题字号设为 20 磅，正文 18 磅，提升可读性。)”可知，这些技巧直接关联到文本的可读性和视觉效果。因此，Sheryl在准备年度学术医疗成果展示时，应参考第一部分的文本技巧来修改幻灯片中的不当之处。 (C) The real meaning of the DeepSeek Drama The market reaction, when it came, was brutal. On January 27th, as investors realised just how good DeepSeek’s “v3” and “R1” models were, they wiped around a trillion dollars off the market capitalisation of America’s listed tech firms. Nvidia, a chipmaker, saw its value fall by $600bn. Yet even if the Chinese model-maker’s new releases made investors in a handful of firms nervous, they should be a cause for optimism for the world at large. DeepSeek shows how competition and innovation will make AI cheaper and therefore more useful. DeepSeek’s models are practically as good as those made by Google and OpenAI — and have been produced at a fraction of the cost. Barred by American export controls from using cutting-edge chips, the Chinese firm undertook an efficiency drive, even reprogramming the chips it used to train the model to maximize power. Within days of its release, DeepSeek’s chatbot was the most downloaded app on the iPhone. There are far more winners than losers from the DeepSeek drama. Apple will be cheering that its decision not to throw billions at building AI capabilities has paid off. It can sit back and pick the best models from a newly commoditised selection. Smaller labs, including France’s Mistral and the Emirati TII, will be racing to see if they can adopt the same improvements, and try to catch up with their bigger rivals. Moreover, efficiency gains are likely to result in greater use of AI. The Jevons paradox — the observation that greater efficiency can lead to more, not less, use of an industrial input — may come into play. However, the real winners will be consumers. For AI to transform society, it needs to be cheap, ubiquitous and out of the control of any one country or company. DeepSeek’s success suggests that such a world is imaginable. When producers’ rents vanish, they remain in the pockets of users. Some even suggest that DeepSeek’s R1 is a ground-breaking innovation. The ease with which DeepSeek found greater efficiency will spur competition. It suggests many more such gains are still to be discovered. For two years the biggest American AI labs have competed hard to make ever more marginal improvements in the quality of their models, rather than models that are cheap, fast and good. DeepSeek shows there is a better way. 43. What was the immediate market reaction to DeepSeek’s “v3” and “R1” models? A. DeepSeek’s stock price rose sharply. B. Investors celebrated the innovation and increased tech stocks. C. Nvidia’s value increased due to higher demand for its chips. D. The market capitalisation of American tech firms dropped significantly. 44. What does the Jevons paradox imply in the context of AI? A. AI advancements will ultimately replace human labor. B. Efficiency gains in AI will benefit developing countries more. C. Greater efficiency in AI will lead to less use of computing power of chips. D. Improved AI efficiency could result in increased AI usage. 45. The underlined word “ubiquitous ” in the fifth paragraph is close in meaning to __________. A. controlled B. expensive C. rare D. widespread 46. What does the article suggest about the future of AI development? A. AI models will focus more on quality improvements rather than cost reduction. B. Chinese companies will defeat American AI labs in the industry of AI development. C. DeepSeek’s approach may inspire more competition and efficiency gains. D. Smaller AI labs will struggle to compete with larger rivals. 【答案】43. D 44. D 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是DeepSeek推出 V3、R1大模型引发的行业风波和这件事背后的深层意义。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“On January 27th, as investors realised just how good DeepSeek’s “v3” and “R1” models were, they wiped around a trillion dollars off the market capitalisation of America’s listed tech firms. (1月27日，当投资者意识到DeepSeek的“v3”和“R1”模型性能之出色时，美国上市科技公司的市值骤降约一万亿美金。)”可知，DeepSeek的“v3”和“R1”模型在市场上引起的即时反应是美国科技公司的市值显著下降。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Moreover, efficiency gains are likely to result in greater use of AI. The Jevons paradox — the observation that greater efficiency can lead to more, not less, use of an industrial input — may come into play. (此外，效率提升可能会导致人工智能的更广泛使用。杰文斯悖论——即更高的效率反而可能导致工业投入使用的增加，而非减少——可能在此过程中发挥作用。)”可知，杰文斯悖论在人工智能背景下意味着人工智能效率的改善可能促进其使用范围的扩大。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Moreover, efficiency gains are likely to result in greater use of AI. (此外，效率提升可能会导致人工智能的更广泛使用。)”和第五段“out of the control of any one country or company (不受任何国家或公司的控制)”可知，人工智能要被广泛使用，普遍，不受任何国家或公司的控制，ubiquitous的意思是“普遍的”，和widespread意思相近。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For two years the biggest American AI labs have competed hard to make ever more marginal improvements in the quality of their models, rather than models that are cheap, fast and good. DeepSeek shows there is a better way. (过去两年，美国头部AI实验室都在全力追求模型质量的边际优化，却忽略了打造低成本、高速度且性能优异的产品。DeepSeek的出现，为行业指明了一条更优的发展路径。)”可知，文章对人工智能发展的未来的看法是深度求索（DeepSeek）的方法可能激发更多竞争，并带来效率提升。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”, rather, they learn over time that such statements appease (安抚) parents and friends and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. _____47_____ It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable — it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary feelings that may be advantageous in one context and may be harmful in another. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to correct errors and fix relationships. _____48_____ It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their impulses. _____49_____ In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, aged 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions (违背) . Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. _____50_____ The guilt-prone ones shared more. However, they may not magically have become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation. “That’s good news.” Malti says, “We can be pro-social because of the empathetic proclivity (倾向) , or because we caused harm and we feel regret.” A. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. B. The main reason why guilt works comes down to simple psychology and conditioning we receive as children. C. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. D. Guilt is an incredibly powerful emotion which has slip by unnoticed for long. E. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. F. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. 【答案】47. E 48. F 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了内疚对人类社交和道德行为的影响。 【47题详解】 根据上文的“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.(这就是为什么研究人员普遍认为适量的所谓道德内疚是一件好事。)”可知，内疚是有好处的。根据下文的“It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. (它唤起了弗洛伊德的思想和宗教的困扰。更重要的是，内疚是非常不舒服的——它就像穿着一件装着石头的夹克。)”可知，内疚是有不好的。E项(当然，在大众的想象中，内疚仍然有不好的名声。)与上文构成转折关系，引出下文，解释说明为什么内疚是不好的。故选E项。 【48题详解】 根据上文的“And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to correct errors and fix relationships. (而内疚，通过促使我们更深入地思考我们的善良，可以鼓励人们纠正错误，修复关系。)”和下文的“It is a kind of social glue.(它是一种社交粘合剂。)”可知，F项(换句话说，内疚可以帮助合作的物种团结在一起。)承接上文，说明了内疚发挥了团结人们的作用，下文是对内疚发挥作用的一种形象性的比喻，说明了内疚对于社交的积极作用。故选F项。 【49题详解】 根据上文的“Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their impulses.(一些缺乏同情心的孩子可能会通过体验更多的内疚感来弥补这一不足，这可以控制他们的冲动。)”可知，A项(反之亦然：富有同情心可以弥补内疚感的不足。)承接上文，说明了同情心和内疚感可以互相促进，弥补彼此的不足。故选A项。 【50题详解】 根据上文的“Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. (然后，孩子们拿到了贴纸和巧克力硬币，并有机会与一个匿名的孩子分享它们。)”和下文的“The guilt-prone ones shared more. However, they may not magically have become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.(有负罪感的人分享得更多。然而，他们可能不会神奇地对于其他孩子的剥夺变得更同情。)”可知，C项(对于缺乏同情心的孩子来说，他们分享的多少似乎与他们感到内疚的可能性有关。)承接上文，指出了实验结果，得出了分享与内疚的相关性，下文指出了相关性的具体表现，即有负罪感的人分享得更多，然后意义发生了转折，即使有负罪感的人分享得更多，他们可能不会同情其他孩子受到的剥夺。故选C项。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can we improve our memory? We’ve all been there- staring at a pile of books, desperately hoping that what we study will stick in our mind. Many of us have probably asked if there’s any way that we can get better at remembering things. So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? Every student who has made flashcards knows that it can be helpful to go back over what they’ve studied before. According to The Learning Scientists-a group of cognitive scientists we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. We don’t know exactly why this happens, but it has been suggested that it’s to do with the relationship between long-term and short-term memory. Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. Now linking ideas and relating them to each other or to images are often suggested as good ways to memorize something. Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information in different physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use-it could be making letter patterns into words called memories, or by sorting things into categories. Memory is not a fixed or innate ability but rather a skill that can be developed and enhanced through deliberate practice and effective strategies. So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Memory experts suggest several ways to improve memory. Waiting some time before restudying material, or taking breaks after studying, can help retain information. Changing between different topics during study sessions also enhances memory, for linking ideas and using memorable images or locations for new information can help. Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively. (60w) 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是记忆并非天生固定的能力，我们可以借助记忆专家提出的多种实用策略来改善记忆力，这些经过验证的方法能帮我们更高效地巩固所学内容，最终实现自主提升记忆效果的目标。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? ②According to The Learning Scientists-a group of cognitive scientists we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. ③Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. ④Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. ⑤Memory is not a fixed or innate ability but rather a skill that can be developed and enhanced through deliberate practice and effective strategies. 2.缜密构思 将第1、5两个核心总述要点进行整合，将第2、3、4三个分述的具体方法要点进行分类重组。 3.遣词造句 Memory experts have put forward several effective strategies which can improve our memory. Proper delayed revision, post-study breaks, cross-topic learning and information association all help us retain content better. Since memory is a trainable skill, we can totally manage to improve our memory through these methods. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Waiting some time before restudying material, or taking breaks after studying, can help retain information.(运用了动名词短语作主语) [高分句型2] Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively.(运用了动名词作主语以及现在分词作状语) V. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 春节是中国人举家团聚的幸福时刻。(reunite) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Spring Festival is a happy time when the Chinese get reunited with their family members． 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和定语从句。“春节”是the Spring Festival，作主语；“是”用is；“幸福时刻”翻译为a happy time；time后用定语从句对其进行限定说明，用关系副词when引导从句；“中国人”是the Chinese；“举家团聚”翻译为get reunited with their family members。故整句翻译为The Spring Festival is a happy time when the Chinese get reunited with their family members． 53. 你必须牢记：英语学习犹如逆水行舟，不进则退。(mind) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You must keep in mind that learning English is like sailing against the current; if you don’t advance, you will retreat. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时表示客观情况。表示“你”应用you，作主语；表示“必须”应用must；表示“牢记”应用keep in mind that ，that引导宾语从句；表示“英语学习”应用learning English，为动名词作主语；表示“犹如逆水行舟”应用like sailing against the current，为介词短语作表语；表示“不进则退”应用if you don’t advance, you will retreat，为条件状语从句。故翻译为You must keep in mind that learning English is like sailing against the current; if you don’t advance, you will retreat. 54. 这所大学历史悠久，充满文化底蕴，校内的百年老建筑更是成为了一处网红打卡圣地。(heritage) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The university boasts a long history and rich cultural heritage, and its century-old buildings on campus have even become a popular online check-in hotspot. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、动词、名词和固定搭配。“这所大学历史悠久，充满文化底蕴”处理为一个分句，此句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。主语是the university，谓语为boast“拥有”，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数boasts；表示“悠久的历史”用a long history，表示“充满文化底蕴”可用名词短语rich cultural heritage。“校内的百年老建筑更是成为了一处网红打卡圣地”处理为另一个分句，描述过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，表示“校内的百年老建筑”可用its century-old buildings on campus，作主语；表示“更是”应用副词even；表示“成为”可用have become，表示“一处网红打卡圣地”可用a popular online check-in hotspot，作宾语。句首字母大写，故可翻译为The university boasts a long history and rich cultural heritage, and its century-old buildings on campus have even become a popular online check-in hotspot. 55. 从前休闲是地位的象征，因为只有富裕的人才有资格消磨时间，但时至今日忙碌才是正道，因为社会上越优秀的人越忙碌。（afford）（汉译英） 【答案】In the past, leisure was a status symbol, because only wealthy people could afford to kill time, but nowadays being busy is the right way, because the better people in society are, the busier they are. 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构，时态和固定句型。根据所给出的汉语分析可知，句子是并列句，前后由连词“but”连接。前句“从前休闲是地位的象征，因为只有富裕的人才有资格消磨时间”用一般过去时，“从前”为时间状语，用介词短语“in the past”表达，“休闲”为主语，用名词“leisure”表达，系动词“是”用“was”；表语“地位的象征”用名词短语“a status symbol”表达；“因为只有富裕的人才有资格消磨时间”为原因状语从句，用“because”引导，主语“只有富人”用短语“only wealthy people”表达，“有资格做某事”用短语“can afford to do”表达，时态用过去时，即“could afford to do”，“消磨时间”用动词短语“kill time”表达。因此，前句译为“in the past, leisure was a status symbol, because only wealthy people could afford to kill time”。后句“但时至今日忙碌才是正道，因为社会上越优秀的人越忙碌”用一般现在时；“时至今日”用副词“nowadays”表达；主语“忙碌”用动名词“being busy”表达；系动词“是”用“is”；表语“正道”用“the right way”表达；“因为社会上越优秀的人越忙碌”为原因状语从句，用“because”引导，且该从句可使用“the+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”结构，即“the better people in society are, the busier they are”。因此后句译为“but nowadays being busy is the right way, because the better people in society are, the busier they are”。故翻译为：In the past, leisure was a status symbol, because only wealthy people could afford to kill time, but nowadays being busy is the right way, because the better people in society are, the busier they are. VI. Guided Writing (25’) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你有意报考上海纽约大学（NYU Shanghai），上海纽约大学将通过开展“校园日活动”（Open Campus Day）进行招生选拔，申请参加“校园日活动”的学生必须先提交一封自述信，请你根据招生网站上公布的要求（如下所示）写自述信。 Applicants are required to independently compose a personal statement, elaborating on their academic strengths, fields of interest, future plans, and reasons for applying, among other aspects. (No more than 250 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Admissions Committee, I am Li Hua, a senior student from Mingqi High School, and I am writing to express my strong interest in participating in NYU Shanghai’s Open Campus Day. My academic strengths lie in mathematics and science, where I have consistently excelled, earning top grades and participating in national competitions. I am particularly passionate about computer science and its potential to solve real-world problems. My future plan is to pursue a career in artificial intelligence, focusing on developing technologies that can improve healthcare. NYU Shanghai’s interdisciplinary approach and global perspective align perfectly with my aspirations. I am drawn to the university’s diverse community and its emphasis on innovation and collaboration. I believe NYU Shanghai will provide me with the resources and opportunities to grow academically and personally. I am eager to contribute to the university’s vibrant community and to learn from its diverse student body and faculty. Thank you for considering my application. Sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生有意报考上海纽约大学，上海纽约大学将通过开展“校园日活动”进行招生选拔，申请参加“校园日活动”的学生必须先提交一封自述信，要求考生按照要求写自述信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参与：participate in→ take part in 特别：particularly → exceptionally 解决：solve→ settle 追求：pursue → seek 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am Li Hua, who is a senior student from Mingqi High School, and I am writing to express my strong interest in participating in NYU Shanghai’s Open Campus Day. 拓展句：I am Li Hua, a senior student from Mingqi High School, and I am writing to express my strong interest in participating in NYU Shanghai’s Open Campus Day. 【点睛】【高分句型1】My academic strengths lie in mathematics and science, where I have consistently excelled, earning top grades and participating in national competitions.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】My future plan is to pursue a career in artificial intelligence, focusing on developing technologies that can improve healthcare.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-2025学年度第二学期 高三英语摸底考试卷 （满分115分，105分钟完成。） I. Grammar and Vocabulary (25’) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Climate Change Is Causing Sleep Loss High nighttime temperatures led to 5% more hours of sleep lost worldwide over the past five years compared to the period between 1986 and 2005, according to the latest edition of the Lancet’s study of climate and health. It is the first time the prestigious medical journal ____1____ (examine) this metric. Sleep loss peaked in 2023, the hottest year on record, ____2____ there was a 6% rise. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown on health and climate change report, ____3____ (author) by 122 global experts, found that high temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly impacting people’s health. In 2023, a record 512 billion potential hours of labor were lost globally due to high temperatures. Heat-related deaths in people over the age of 65 reached the highest levels on record, 167% higher in____4____ 1990s. In many places, nighttime temperatures are rising faster than daytime temperatures. ____5____impacting sleep, overheating at night reduces the body’s ability to cool down and recover from the heat of the day, ____6____ (worsen) heat wave deaths, especially among people with pre-existing heart and respiratory problems. The study used historic sleep-tracking and temperature data ____7____ (estimate) the effects on sleep from high nighttime temperatures across different years. ____8____ (big) increases in lost sleep were in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. Even in more temperate climates, overheating at night can be exacerbated by poor building design ____9____leaves indoor temperatures warmer than outdoor temperatures. Buildings can be equipped with air-conditioning or better shaded to reduce ____10____they heat up during the day. Power demand from air conditioning use is expected to triple by 2050. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adoption B. concerns C. constitutes D. deliberately E. fundamentally F. generate G. landscape H. set I. shift J. substantial K. tensions *Energy Source Energy remains a slow-moving industry. Over the past three decades, significant changes include the US shale (页岩) revolution and the dramatic drop in the costs of wind and solar power. Despite these advancements, US shale ____11____ only about 8% of the world’s oil supply, and renewable sources, including water power, still ____12____ less electricity than coal, which has long been the dominant fuel source. Looking ahead, the energy ____13____ is expected to closely mirror last year’s trends. Coal demand is likely to remain stable, although the future outlook for coal is uncertain. While some regions might continue investing in new coal-fired power plants, this trend could be restrained by the rising____14____ about air quality, which may prevent significant new investments. The costs of renewable electricity and energy storage are expected to continue declining, ____15____reshaping power markets around the world. Wind and solar power have already overtaken fossil fuels in adding new generation capacity, even in emerging economies. This trend is likely to speed up as technology advances and costs decrease, leading to a more significant ____16____ away from fossil fuels. Electric car sales, which went beyond what was expected in 2018, are anticipated to keep rising. With new models being introduced and expansion into various markets, including Europe, the growth in electric vehicles sales is ____17____to continue. This rise reflects the increasing ____18____of electric cars and their growing presence in the global automotive market. Finally, the global economic outlook will play a crucial role in influencing oil prices. Economic uncertainties, such as trade ____19____ and rising interest rates, are expected to have a ____20____impact on the oil market. These factors are likely to affect oil prices more significantly than other influences, such as production decisions by OPEC or new shipping fuel regulations. III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024, a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing, get there by car. On the opening day, ____21____ the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets. Helpfully, the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the____22____ competition powerfully impacting China’s car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands, most of the vehicles are electric. And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others, and local technology____23____ such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once ____24____the domestic market. China’s carmakers are launching new models more quickly, and much more ____25____, than rivals abroad. Bernstein, an agent, thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones, while ____26____better tech. In Beijing, Ji Yue, a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely, China’s second-biggest carmaker, and the technology of Baidu, the country’s biggest search engine, showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely ____27____by voice commands and a touchscreen. It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece. ____28____, prices for Xiaomi’s SU7, another handsome model overflowing with clever technology, start at roughly the same level. The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000____29____for it in one month, half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to ____30____. On April 28th Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to ____31____ its mapping data. The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China, and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper local ____32____. One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry’s fast expansion is a cruel price war. Steep price cuts in China____33____to Tesla’s falling sales and profits in the first quarter. On April 29th BYD, which has also been offering deep discounts, reported rising sales compared with a year ago, but a big ____34____ on revenues. If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai. Just don’t expect____35____ crowds. 21. A. assembling B. erasing C. navigating D. surrounding 22. A. demanding B. dynamic C. friendly D. intense 23. A. champions B. drivers C. opponents D. sponsors 24. A. disturbed B. dominated C. impacted D. transformed 25. A. cheaply B. conveniently C. sustainably D. widely 26. A. abusing B. boasting C. disrupting D. switching 27. A. controlled B. driven C. parked D. reversed 28. A. Conversely B. Instead C. Besides D. Therefore 29. A. exchanges B. orders C. refunds D. returns 30. A. add up B. cheer up C. catch up D. give up 31. A. acquire B. inquire C. require D. request 32. A. alternatives B. initiatives C. schemes D. varieties 33. A. tributed B. attributed C. contributed D. distributed 34. A. mass B. mess C. miss D. moss 35. A. less calm B. more thrilled C. smarter D. smaller Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Chinese Animated Film Shatters Box Office Records In less than two weeks since its release, “Ne Zha 2,” an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology and a famous 16th century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China. The film will be released in North America on Friday. “Ne Zha 2” is a sequel to what had been the highest-grossing animated film in China. In the 2019 original, Nezha is born as the reincarnation (转世) of a demon with supernatural powers, but destined to live only three years. He fights back against his fate and saves his village. In the sequel, Nezha revisits a similar theme. He challenges the political order and authority governing gods and demons, fighting the Dragon King of the Four Seas and other creatures. “Ne Zha 2 is the rare movie that hits all the marks,” said Raymond Zhou, an independent Chinese film critic. “It targets all demographics, and has successfully won over all of them.” Chinese state media and officials celebrated the movie’s success, portraying it as a recognition of China’s cultural influence. “Chinese culture is constantly moving forward in inheritance and innovation and showing its unique charm,” wrote the Global Times. The industry has gotten a boost from China’s broader efforts to stimulate consumer spending and bring economy back to life. The government added an extra day to the more than weeklong New Year holiday, giving moviegoers more time to go to the theater. In addition, there were discounts, subsidies and other incentives for movie tickets. But Mr. Zhou, the film critic, said the incentives did not explain the success of “Ne Zha 2.” He credited the franchise’s popularity to its spin on classic tales and characters, resonating with younger audiences. As the world’s second-largest movie market, after the United States, Chinese audiences were once a dependable source of ticket sales for Hollywood blockbusters. That is no longer the case. In 2023, no American film cracked the top 10. Hu Xijin, a former editor in chief of the Global Times, said China’s decision to open up to Hollywood films in the 1990s helped advance the country’s movie industry, but China can now stand on its own. “This is the best Chinese animation I have ever seen,” Mr. Hu wrote on Weibo, a social media platform. “The era when Chinese people looked up to Hollywood cartoons like ‘Kung Fu Panda’ and marveled at them is over.” 36. What makes “Ne Zha 2” unique, according to Raymond Zhou? A. It appeals to all demographics and has won over diverse audiences. B. It is based on a classic 16th century Chinese novel. C. It is the first Chinese animated film to be released in North America. D. It received significant government subsidies and incentives. 37. What does the success of “Ne Zha 2” signify, according to Chinese state media? A. The decline of Hollywood’s influence in China. B. The growing popularity of legendary figures based on Chinese mythology. C. The importance of government subsidies in the film industry. D. The recognition of China’s cultural influence. 38. What does the underlined word “incentives” mean? A. Financial benefits or rewards to encourage certain behaviors. B. Government policies to restrict the film industry. C. Public criticism of the film’s content. D. Technological advancements in film production. 39. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Chinese audiences are increasingly favoring domestic films over Hollywood blockbusters. B. Government subsidies are the main reason for the success of Chinese films. C. Hollywood films are still the most popular in China. D. The Chinese film industry still relies heavily on Hollywood for inspiration. (B) A well-designed PowerPoint presentation can help communicate your ideas effectively and engage your audience. To avoid creating text-heavy slides that bore your audience, follow these essential 4 sorts of tips compiled from PowerPoint expert Ferry Pereboom. 1. Text Tips: Keep Text Short: Stick to the 5×5 rule — no more than 5 lines with 5 words per line. Choose Readable Fonts: Use classic, easy-to-read fonts like Calibri or Helvetica. Font Size: Set headers to 20pt and body text to 18pt for better legibility. 2. Design Tips: Increase Contrast: Make text easy to read by using high contrast, such as dark text on a light background. Use Colors Wisely: Choose colors based on your audience — bright colors for informal presentations and subdued (柔和的) tones for professional settings. PowerPoint Shapes: Replace bullet points with shapes to make your message clearer and visually appealing. Select Relevant Visuals: Use high-quality images that support your message and maintain consistency. Mock-ups (实物图) Over Screenshots: Use device mock-ups instead of screenshots for a more polished look. Visualize Data: Use graphs, charts, and SmartArt to represent data clearly. Simplify Tables: Avoid clutter in tables by removing unnecessary borders and colors. Industry Templates(模版): Use industry-specific templates to make your slides more relevant. 3. ________: Minimize Transitions: Use simple transitions, like fade, to keep the focus on your content. Presenter View: Use Presenter View to monitor time, slides, and notes. Provide an Outline: Start with a welcome slide, followed by a menu slide and a summary slide to help your audience follow along. 4. Hardware Tips: Back Up Your Presentation: Save your slides in multiple formats (e.g., PDF or Google Slides) to prevent technical issues. By applying these tips, you can create a PowerPoint that is engaging, clear, and professional, ensuring your message is communicated effectively. 40. Which of the following phrases can best fill in the blank? A. Standardization Tips B. Orientation Tips C. Limitation Tips D. Easy-to-Read Tips 41. According to the passage, which of the following may upset the audience’s visual experience during a rather formal meeting? A. Templates customized for the corresponding academic fields. B. Calm and soft background colors combined with texts using high-contrast colors. C. A diagram directly captured from a paper via print screen key on the keyboard. D. Ideas described in an easy form and appropriate number of technical terms. 42. Sheryl is preparing for her annual academic medical outcome presentation. Following is one of her slides. To modify the improper place(s), she should refer to Sort ________ of tips. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 (C) The real meaning of the DeepSeek Drama The market reaction, when it came, was brutal. On January 27th, as investors realised just how good DeepSeek’s “v3” and “R1” models were, they wiped around a trillion dollars off the market capitalisation of America’s listed tech firms. Nvidia, a chipmaker, saw its value fall by $600bn. Yet even if the Chinese model-maker’s new releases made investors in a handful of firms nervous, they should be a cause for optimism for the world at large. DeepSeek shows how competition and innovation will make AI cheaper and therefore more useful. DeepSeek’s models are practically as good as those made by Google and OpenAI — and have been produced at a fraction of the cost. Barred by American export controls from using cutting-edge chips, the Chinese firm undertook an efficiency drive, even reprogramming the chips it used to train the model to maximize power. Within days of its release, DeepSeek’s chatbot was the most downloaded app on the iPhone. There are far more winners than losers from the DeepSeek drama. Apple will be cheering that its decision not to throw billions at building AI capabilities has paid off. It can sit back and pick the best models from a newly commoditised selection. Smaller labs, including France’s Mistral and the Emirati TII, will be racing to see if they can adopt the same improvements, and try to catch up with their bigger rivals. Moreover, efficiency gains are likely to result in greater use of AI. The Jevons paradox — the observation that greater efficiency can lead to more, not less, use of an industrial input — may come into play. However, the real winners will be consumers. For AI to transform society, it needs to be cheap, ubiquitous and out of the control of any one country or company. DeepSeek’s success suggests that such a world is imaginable. When producers’ rents vanish, they remain in the pockets of users. Some even suggest that DeepSeek’s R1 is a ground-breaking innovation. The ease with which DeepSeek found greater efficiency will spur competition. It suggests many more such gains are still to be discovered. For two years the biggest American AI labs have competed hard to make ever more marginal improvements in the quality of their models, rather than models that are cheap, fast and good. DeepSeek shows there is a better way. 43. What was the immediate market reaction to DeepSeek’s “v3” and “R1” models? A. DeepSeek’s stock price rose sharply. B. Investors celebrated the innovation and increased tech stocks. C. Nvidia’s value increased due to higher demand for its chips. D. The market capitalisation of American tech firms dropped significantly. 44. What does the Jevons paradox imply in the context of AI? A. AI advancements will ultimately replace human labor. B. Efficiency gains in AI will benefit developing countries more. C. Greater efficiency in AI will lead to less use of computing power of chips. D. Improved AI efficiency could result in increased AI usage. 45. The underlined word “ubiquitous ” in the fifth paragraph is close in meaning to __________. A. controlled B. expensive C. rare D. widespread 46. What does the article suggest about the future of AI development? A. AI models will focus more on quality improvements rather than cost reduction. B. Chinese companies will defeat American AI labs in the industry of AI development. C. DeepSeek’s approach may inspire more competition and efficiency gains. D. Smaller AI labs will struggle to compete with larger rivals. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”, rather, they learn over time that such statements appease (安抚) parents and friends and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. _____47_____ It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable — it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary feelings that may be advantageous in one context and may be harmful in another. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to correct errors and fix relationships. _____48_____ It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their impulses. _____49_____ In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, aged 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions (违背) . Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. _____50_____ The guilt-prone ones shared more. However, they may not magically have become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation. “That’s good news.” Malti says, “We can be pro-social because of the empathetic proclivity (倾向) , or because we caused harm and we feel regret.” A. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. B. The main reason why guilt works comes down to simple psychology and conditioning we receive as children. C. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. D. Guilt is an incredibly powerful emotion which has slip by unnoticed for long. E. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. F. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can we improve our memory? We’ve all been there- staring at a pile of books, desperately hoping that what we study will stick in our mind. Many of us have probably asked if there’s any way that we can get better at remembering things. So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? Every student who has made flashcards knows that it can be helpful to go back over what they’ve studied before. According to The Learning Scientists-a group of cognitive scientists we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. We don’t know exactly why this happens, but it has been suggested that it’s to do with the relationship between long-term and short-term memory. Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. Now linking ideas and relating them to each other or to images are often suggested as good ways to memorize something. Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information in different physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use-it could be making letter patterns into words called memories, or by sorting things into categories. Memory is not a fixed or innate ability but rather a skill that can be developed and enhanced through deliberate practice and effective strategies. So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 春节是中国人举家团聚的幸福时刻。(reunite) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 你必须牢记：英语学习犹如逆水行舟，不进则退。(mind) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这所大学历史悠久，充满文化底蕴，校内的百年老建筑更是成为了一处网红打卡圣地。(heritage) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 从前休闲是地位的象征，因为只有富裕的人才有资格消磨时间，但时至今日忙碌才是正道，因为社会上越优秀的人越忙碌。（afford）（汉译英） VI. Guided Writing (25’) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你有意报考上海纽约大学（NYU Shanghai），上海纽约大学将通过开展“校园日活动”（Open Campus Day）进行招生选拔，申请参加“校园日活动”的学生必须先提交一封自述信，请你根据招生网站上公布的要求（如下所示）写自述信。 Applicants are required to independently compose a personal statement, elaborating on their academic strengths, fields of interest, future plans, and reasons for applying, among other aspects. (No more than 250 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $