Starter语法(形容词基本用法/比较级/最高级)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级上册

该初中英语讲义通过知识框架系统梳理形容词核心语法体系，涵盖定义与句法功能、-ing/-ed形容词辨析、三级变化规则及易错点，用对比表格呈现-ing/-ed形容词修饰对象差异，思维导图展示三级变化规则（含规则与不规则变化），清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于练习设计覆盖词形填空（如区分amaze的-ing/-ed形式）、句子改写（如最高级改比较级）等题型，培养语言能力和思维品质。答案解析详细，基础生可掌握方法，优秀生能深入探究，助力教师实施精准分层教学，支持学生自主复习提升。

Starter语法(形容词比较级最高级)讲解与练习 一、形容词核心语法精讲 （一）形容词定义与基本句法功能 形容词是用来修饰名词、不定代词，描述人或事物的性质、特征、状态、外观的词汇，是七年级入门核心语法。 三大必考句法功能（附真题例句）： 1. 作定语（最常用）：置于名词前修饰名词，不定代词（something/anything）后置 例：This is a bright classroom. 这是一间明亮的教室。 例：I have something interesting to tell you. 我有有趣的事告诉你。 2. 作表语：置于be动词、感官系动词后，描述主语状态 常用感官系动词：look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、taste（尝起来）、smell（闻起来）、feel（感觉） 例：The flowers look beautiful. 这些花看起来很漂亮。 3. 作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态 例：We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们保持教室干净整洁。 （二）核心分类：-ing 与 -ed 形容词（高频易错考点） 1. -ing 形容词：修饰事物，表“令人……的”，侧重事物本身的特质 常用词：exciting（令人激动的）、boring（令人无聊的）、surprising（令人惊讶的）、tiring（令人疲惫的） 例：The trip is very exciting. 这次旅行令人十分激动。 2. -ed 形容词：修饰人，表“感到……的”，侧重人的主观感受 常用词：excited（感到激动的）、bored（感到无聊的）、surprised（感到惊讶的）、tired（感到疲惫的） 例：I am surprised at the good result. 我对这个好结果感到惊讶。 （三）形容词三级变化规则（原级、比较级、最高级） 1. 原级用法 用于同级比较，核心句型： 肯定：A + be + as + 原级 + as + B （A和B一样……） 否定：A + be + not as/so + 原级 + as + B （A不如B……） 例：This book is as useful as that one. 这本书和那本书一样有用。 例：He is not so careful as his sister. 他不如他姐姐细心。 2. 比较级、最高级规则变化（必考） ① 一般单音节词：直接加-er / -est （tall→taller→tallest） ② 不发音e结尾：直接加-r / -st （nice→nicer→nicest） ③ 辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，加-er / -est （happy→happier→happiest） ④ 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）：双写尾字母，加-er / -est （hot→hotter→hottest、big→bigger→biggest） ⑤ 多音节/部分双音节词：前加more / most （beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful） 3. 不规则变化（七上核心必背） good/well → better（更好）→ best（最好） bad/ill → worse（更差）→ worst（最差） many/much → more（更多）→ most（最多） 4. 三级核心句型 ① 比较级（两者对比）：A + be + 比较级 + than + B 例：Autumn is cooler than summer. 秋天比夏天凉爽。 ② 最高级（三者及以上对比）：主语 + be + the + 最高级 + in/of 范围 例：She is the most outgoing girl in our class. 她是我们班最外向的女孩。 （四）拔高易错重难点 1. very 只能修饰原级，much 只能修饰比较级（much happier 开心得多） 2. 最高级前必须加定冠词the，无特殊情况不可省略 3. 感官动词后只能接形容词作表语，不可接副词（sound good ✅ / sound well ❌） 4. 形容词修饰不定代词后置（nothing new 没有新鲜事） 【配套练习】 大题一、用所给词的正确形式填空 考点：词性转换、ing/ed辨析、三级变形、固定句型、易错修饰词搭配 1. The ending of the movie is very ________ (amaze) and moving. 2. All the students felt ________ (disappoint) at the bad news. 3. This new library is much ________ (quiet) than the old one. 4. Among all the seasons, winter is the ________ (cold) in northern China. 5. The little boy is as ________ (brave) as his elder brother. 6. It is ________ (tire) to finish so much homework in one day. 7. My mother looks much ________ (young) than her real age. 8. This is the ________ (bad) breakfast I have ever had. 9. The story sounds ________ (wonder) and I love it very much. 10. He is not as ________ (care) as his deskmate in exams. 11. The football match is ________ (excite) than the basketball match. 12. We are ________ (surprise) to see so many colorful flowers. 13. This bag is the ________ (heavy) of all the schoolbags here. 14. The weather becomes ________ (warm) and ________ (soft) in spring. 15. It’s ________ (use) to read English every morning. 16. She feels ________ (relax) after finishing her daily work. 17. Which is ________ (good), swimming or running? 18. This cartoon is ________ (interest) than that documentary. 19. Nothing is ________ (important) than health. 20. He is the ________ (hard-working) student in his group. 大题二、单项选择 1. The scenery of the mountain is ______, and all visitors feel ______. A. amazing; amazed B. amazed; amazing C. amazing; amazing D. amazed; amazed 2. This new pen is ______ than my old one, but it is not the ______ in the shop. A. expensive; most expensive B. more expensive; most expensive C. more expensive; expensive D. expensive; expensive 3. —Is your cousin as ______ as you? —No, he is much ______ than me. A. tall; taller B. taller; tall C. tall; tall D. taller; taller 4. Of all the subjects, I think English is ______ for me to learn. A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. the easiest 5. The cake ______ delicious. I want to have another piece. A. tastes B. taste C. tasting D. tasted 6. This storybook is not so ______ as the one I read yesterday. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 7. The weather today is ______ hotter than yesterday. A. very B. much C. quite D. so 8. She is ______ girl in our grade, and everyone likes her. A. friendly B. friendlier C. the friendliest D. most friendly 9. The little child looks ______ because he can’t find his parents. A. worry B. worried C. worrying D. worries 10. There are two sweaters. The ______ one fits me better. A. thin B. thinner C. thinnest D. the thinnest 11. This kind of juice smells ______ and sells ______. A. good; well B. well; good C. good; good D. well; well 12. Which season is ______, spring or autumn? A. comfortable B. more comfortable C. most comfortable D. the most comfortable 13. We find it ______ to learn English with our classmates. A. relax B. relaxed C. relaxing D. relaxes 14. This is ______ wonderful gift I have ever received. A. the most B. more C. most D. the more 15. He feels ______ with the ______ lesson every day. A. bored; boring B. boring; bored C. bored; bored D. boring; boring 大题三、句子改写 1. This river is wide. That river is wider.（合并为比较级句子） This river is ______ ______ than that one. 2. Tom is the tallest boy in his class.（改为同义句，比较级） Tom is ______ than ______ ______ boy in his class. 3. This movie is interesting. That movie is also interesting.（用as…as改写） This movie is ______ ______ ______ that one. 4. The blue coat is the cheapest in the shop.（对划线部分提问） ______ coat is ______ ______ in the shop? 5. Winter is colder than spring.（改为否定同级比较） Spring is not ______ ______ ______ winter. 6. This book is more useful than that one.（改为最高级，三本书对比） This book is ______ ______ ______ of the three. 7. The music sounds beautiful.（改为感叹句，How引导） ______ ______ the music sounds! 8. She is careful. Her sister is more careful.（合并句子） Her sister is ______ ______ her. 9. This is a boring story.（改为同义句） The story ______ ______. 10. He is the best student in our group.（改为一般疑问句） ______ ______ the best student in your group? 大题四、汉译英 1. 这座新建的公园比旧公园漂亮得多。 _____________________________________________ 2. 在所有科目中，英语是最有趣的一门。 _____________________________________________ 3. 令人疲惫的学习让很多学生感到疲惫。 _____________________________________________ 4. 我的书包和你的一样轻便整洁。 _____________________________________________ 5. 秋天的天气不如夏天炎热。 _____________________________________________ 6. 这是我吃过最美味的一顿晚餐。 _____________________________________________ 7. 这个令人惊讶的消息让所有人都十分震惊。 _____________________________________________ 8. 她比班里其他任何女孩都更勤奋。 _____________________________________________ 9. 这款新款手机看起来时尚又实用。 _____________________________________________ 10. 越努力，你就会越优秀。 _____________________________________________ Keys 大题一、词形填空答案+解析 1. amazing（修饰事物movie，用-ing形容词） 2. disappointed（修饰人students的感受，用-ed形容词） 3. quieter（than表比较，quiet比较级直接加er） 4. coldest（三者及以上季节对比，用最高级） 5. brave（as+原级+as固定句型） 6. tiring（修饰事物to do sth，令人疲惫的） 7. younger（much修饰比较级，young比较级为younger） 8. worst（bad不规则最高级，最差的） 9. wonderful（感官动词后接形容词，wonder的形容词形式） 10. careful（as+原级，care的形容词细心的） 11. more exciting（than比较，多音节词加more） 12. surprised（修饰人主观感受，感到惊讶的） 13. heaviest（of all表最高级，重读闭音节双写+est） 14. warmer; softer（并列比较级，天气变得更暖更柔和） 15. useful（固定句型It’s+形容词+to do sth） 16. relaxed（修饰人放松的状态） 17. better（两者对比，good不规则比较级） 18. more interesting（than比较，多音节形容词变形） 19. more important（than比较，important比较级加more） 20. most hard-working（多音节词最高级，最努力的） 大题二、单项选择答案 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.A 大题三、句子改写答案 1. not wider 2. taller; any other 3. as interesting as 4. Which; the cheapest 5. as hot as 6. the most useful 7. How beautiful 8. more careful than 9. is boring 10. Is he 大题四、汉译英参考答案 1. The new park is much more beautiful than the old one. 2. Of all the subjects, English is the most interesting one. 3. The tiring study makes many students feel tired. 4. My schoolbag is as light and tidy as yours. 5. The weather in autumn is not as hot as that in summer. 6. This is the most delicious dinner I have ever had. 7. The surprising news makes all people very surprised. 8. She is more hard-working than any other girl in her class. 9. This new-style mobile phone looks fashionable and practical. 10. The harder you work, the better you will be. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $