Unit1 A New Start 知识点总结 2026-2027学年外研版七年级英语上册

该初中英语单元知识清单全面梳理了外研版2024新版七年级上册Unit 1 "A New Start"内容，涵盖重点词汇、短语、句型、语法、写作、文化常识及自测题七大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础积累到综合应用的系统化学习支架。 清单通过分类整合与关联延伸构建知识体系，如重点词汇按课文板块分类并标注搭配与例句，语法部分结合中考考频解析代词体系，写作板块提供书信框架及比喻手法分析，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计易错点正误对比和文化常识拓展，助力不同学生高效学习，教师可据此精准教学，提升课堂实效。

外研版（2024新版）七年级上册 Unit 1 A New Start 单元知识点总结 适用教材：外研版（2024新版）七年级上册 | 适用学段：初一上学期 | 资料类型：单元知识点总结 课标对接 【话题】学校生活与学习策略（School Life & Learning Strategies） 【语言技能】能听懂并讨论开学感受、课堂互动、学习建议；能读懂记叙文"The First Lesson"和书信"Before Your Journey Starts"；能用代词和基本句型进行表达，能用书信体表达建议和鼓励。 【文化意识】了解孔子"学而不思则罔"的教育理念，理解中西方课堂文化差异，培养批判性思维和独立思考能力。 【核心语法】代词（人称代词/物主代词/it 的用法）。 目录 一、重点词汇（50+核心词汇，按课文板块分类，含音标/词性/搭配/例句） 二、重点短语与固定搭配（30+高频短语，含辨析对比） 三、重点句型（8大核心句型，含公式+课文原句+仿写范例） 四、语法精讲（代词体系——人称代词/物主代词/it 用法） 五、单元话题写作（书信写作，含写作框架+范文2篇+比喻手法分析） 六、易错点与难点突破（10大高频易错，含正误对比+原因分析） 七、文化常识与词根词缀（孔子与孟子 / 学习谚语 / 常见词缀） 八、单元自测（基础过关20题 + 能力提升10题） 附：参考答案与详细解析 一、重点词汇（Words） 1.1 情绪感受类 —— Starting Out 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 start /stɑːt/ v./n. 开始；开端 start to do / start doing at the start of 在...开始时 We start a new life at junior high. excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ adj. 兴奋的，激动的 be excited about 对...兴奋 be excited to do sth. I'm excited about the new school year! surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ adj. 惊讶的 be surprised at 对...惊讶 be surprised to do sth. I was surprised at the news. nervous /ˈnɜːvəs/ adj. 紧张的 be nervous about 对...紧张 Don't be nervous! I'm a bit nervous about my first day. feeling /ˈfiːlɪŋ/ n. 感受，感觉 express one's feelings hurt one's feelings How are you feeling today? 1.2 课文词汇 —— "The First Lesson" 英文 音标 词性 中文 搭配/用法 课文原句 sentence /ˈsentəns/ n. 句子 write a sentence make a sentence 造句 Ms Chen wrote the sentence on the blackboard. mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ n. 错误 make a mistake correct a mistake "Ms Chen, there's a mistake," I said. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj. 有礼貌的 be polite to sb. 反义词：impolite / rude Is that polite, in the first lesson? mind /maɪnd/ n. 头脑；思想 jump into one's mind make up one's mind Questions jumped into my mind. dry /draɪ/ adj. 干的，干燥的 feel dry 感觉干涩 反义：wet 湿的 My mouth felt dry. meaning /ˈmiːnɪŋ/ n. 意义；意思 the meaning of... ...的含义 v. mean 意思是 I thought about the meaning of the sentence. fact /fækt/ n. 事实，真相 in fact 事实上 as a matter of fact In fact, this is my first lesson for all of you. important /ɪmˈpɔːtənt/ adj. 重要的 It's important to do sth. importance n. 重要性 That's really an important lesson. remember /rɪˈmembə/ v. 记住，记得 remember to do 记得去做 remember doing 记得做过 Please always remember this. really /ˈriːəli/ adv. 很，十分 用于强调形容词/动词 = very much / truly That's really an important lesson. without /wɪˈðaʊt/ prep. 缺乏；没有 后接名词/动名词 反义：with 有 Learning without thinking is of no use. 1.3 课文词汇 —— "Before Your Journey Starts" 英文 音标 词性 中文 搭配/用法 例句 journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ n. 旅程，行程 go on a journey life's journey Are you ready for your junior high journey? thought /θɔːt/ n. 看法；想法 常用复数 thoughts 也作 think 的过去式 Mia's parents share their thoughts with her. pool /puːl/ n. 水池，池塘 swimming pool 文中比喻"小学" Primary school was like a pool. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 protect...from... protection n. 保护 Dad and Mum protected your boat from winds. river /ˈrɪvə/ n. 河流 文中比喻"初中" the Yangtze River 长江 Junior high is like a river. wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的，宽广的 widen v. 拓宽 widely adv. 广泛地 It is wide and the water moves fast. sail /seɪl/ v. 航行，驾驶 sail a boat sail through 顺利通过 You have to sail your boat by yourself. storm /stɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 文中比喻"困难挑战" stormy adj. 暴风雨的 You will go through storms towards the sea. gain /ɡeɪn/ n./v. 收获；获得 No pain, no gain. gain experience No pain, no gain. problem /ˈprɒbləm/ n. 问题，难题 solve a problem 【注意】problem ≠ question You will face new problems. hope /həʊp/ v./n. 希望 hope to do sth. hope + that 从句 We hope it helps you in the coming years! task /tɑːsk/ n. 任务，工作 finish a task so many tasks There are so many tasks. 【辨析】problem vs question problem —— 客观存在的"难题"，需要 solve（解决），常与 difficulty 相关。例：I have a problem with my homework. question —— 口头提出的"问题"，需要 answer（回答）。例：Can I ask you a question? 二、重点短语与固定搭配（Phrases） 2.1 课文核心短语 短语 中文释义 课文原句 用法提示 write ... down 写下，记下 Please write this down. 宾语是代词时放中间：write it down point out 指出 Is it OK to point out the mistake? point out sth. / point sth. out jump into one's mind 跳进脑海 Questions jumped into my mind. 形象说法，= suddenly thought of look up at 抬头看 I looked up at Ms Chen. look up 也可表"查阅"（look up a word） think about 思考，考虑 I thought about the meaning of the sentence. think about ≠ think of（想起） put up one's hand 举手 I put up my hand. = raise one's hand well done 做得好 Well done, Wang Han. 表扬用语，= Good job! in fact 事实上 In fact, this is my first lesson for all of you. = actually / as a matter of fact try one's best 尽力 Just try your best and work hard. = do one's best sail...by yourself 独自驾驶 You have to sail your boat by yourself. 比喻"独立面对生活" go through 经历；穿过 You will go through storms towards the sea. go through hardships 经历困难 protect...from... 保护...免受... Dad and Mum protected your boat from winds. = keep...safe from... make good use of 充分利用 You should make good use of your time. = make the best of No pain, no gain. 一分耕耘一分收获 Remember this: No pain, no gain. 谚语，不可拆开使用 be/get ready for 为...做好准备 Are you ready for your new life? ready for + 名词 / ready to + 动词 2.2 短语辨析 短语A 短语B 区别 例句 think about think of think about = 仔细思考、考虑（过程） think of = 想到、想起（瞬间） I thought about the meaning. Can you think of a better idea? look up at look up look up at = 抬头看（某人/某物） look up = 查阅（字典/资料） I looked up at the teacher. Look up the word in the dictionary. remember to do remember doing remember to do = 记得去做（还没做） remember doing = 记得做过（已做） Remember to bring your book. I remember meeting her before. put up put on put up = 举起；搭建；张贴 put on = 穿上；上演 Put up your hand. Put on your coat. 三、重点句型（Sentence Patterns） 3.1 八大核心句型 编号 句型 功能 公式 / 课文原句 / 仿写 1 How are you feeling? 询问感受 公式：How + be + 主语 + feeling? 课文：— How are you feeling? — I'm feeling excited. 仿写：— How is she feeling? — She's feeling nervous. 2 Is it OK to...? 征询意见 公式：Is it OK (for sb.) to do sth.? 课文：Is it OK to point out the mistake? 仿写：Is it OK to ask a question in class? 3 It's + adj. + to do sth. 评价做某事 公式：It is + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to + 动词原形. 课文：It's important for us to think more. 仿写：It's hard for me to plan my time. 4 ...be of no use 表"没有用" 公式：主语 + be of no use = 主语 + be useless. 课文：Learning without thinking is of no use. 仿写：This book is of great help to me. 5 ...is like... 打比喻 公式：A + is like + B.（A像B一样） 课文：Primary school was like a pool. Junior high is like a river. 仿写：His words are like a warm wind. 6 need to do sth. 表达"需要" 公式：主语 + need to + 动词原形. 课文：You need to think more in your learning. 仿写：We need to finish our homework first. 7 hope + that 从句 表达希望 公式：主语 + hope (that) + 从句. 课文：We hope (that) it helps you in the coming years! 仿写：I hope (that) I can make many new friends. 8 What do people do...? 询问习俗 公式：What do people do + 时间/地点? 课文：What do people do on the first day of school? 仿写：What do people do at the Spring Festival? 3.2 同义句转换 原句 同义句 知识点 Learning without thinking is of no use. Learning without thinking is useless. be of no use = be useless Put up your hand. Raise your hand. put up = raise（举手） Try your best. Do your best. try one's best = do one's best In fact, it's my first lesson. Actually, it's my first lesson. in fact = actually My mother bought me a new schoolbag. My mother bought a new schoolbag for me. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 四、语法精讲（Grammar） 4.1 代词体系 【中考考频】中考每年必考 3-5 题，涉及单选、完形、短文填空，形代 vs 名代是高频陷阱题。 人称代词、物主代词完整表格： 人称 主格(作主语) 宾格(作宾语) 形代(+名词) 名代(独立用) 我 I me my mine 我们 we us our ours 你/你们 you you your yours 他 he him his his 她 she her her hers 它 it it its its 他们/她们/它们 they them their theirs 用法：主格放在动词前（I like English.）；宾格放在动词/介词后（Give me a pen. / Look at him.）；形代后面要接名词（my book / her bag）；名代独立使用，后面不接名词（This book is mine. = my book）。 【高频考点】形代 vs 名代 形代 = 形容词性物主代词 → 必须 + 名词：her eyes, my pen 名代 = 名词性物主代词 → 独立使用，等于 "形代+名词"：hers (= her eyes), mine (= my pen) 课文经典句：My eyes met hers.（= her eyes） × My eyes met her. → √ My eyes met hers. 【课文延伸】"Learning without thinking is of no use"（学而不思则罔）中的 "be of no use" = be useless，是"be of + 名词"结构的用法，相当于对应的形容词。 【音标】本单元音标重点：/ɑː/（art, start, far）、/æ/（fact, back, plan）、/e/（pen, lesson, question）。 4.2 it 的用法 【中考考频】中考常以"形式主语"和"指代"题型出现，单选和句型转换中偶有涉及。 it 除用来指代人和事物外，还可以用来表示时间、天气、距离等。 功能 例句 说明 指代事物 My pen is lost. It (= my pen) is blue. it 指代上文提到的单数事物 指时间 It's 12 o'clock now. 时间用 it 表达 指天气 It's a fine day today. 天气用 it 表达 指距离 It's about 20 km from here. 距离也用 it 五、单元话题写作（Writing） 5.1 写作任务：给新生写一封信 本单元写作任务是书信体——模仿课文"Before Your Journey Starts"中父母给 Mia 的信，以学长的身份给即将入学的七年级新生写一封信，分享初中生活的建议和鼓励。 5.2 书信格式 部分 英文 注意事项 称呼 Dear ..., Dear 后加逗号，不顶格写 正文 分段写 每段一个主题：感受 → 建议 → 鼓励 结尾祝福 Best wishes, / Yours, 逗号结尾 署名 写自己的名字 另起一行，不缩进 5.3 写作框架 段落 内容 可用句型 示例 第一段 祝贺 + 共情 Congratulations! / You are now in junior high! / I know how you feel. Dear new students, Congratulations! You are now in junior high! 第二段 比喻 + 建议 Junior high is like... / You need to... / Just try your best. / Make good use of... Junior high is like a river. You need to sail your boat by yourself sometimes. 第三段 鼓励 + 祝福 Remember: ... / No pain, no gain. / I hope... / Best wishes! No pain, no gain. I hope you enjoy your new journey! 5.4 范文 【范文一】基础版（约80词） Dear new students, Welcome to junior high! I know you may feel excited but a bit nervous. That's normal. Junior high is like a river. The water moves fast and you will face new problems. But don't worry! Try your best and work hard. Make good use of your time. Remember: No pain, no gain. I hope you have a great time here. Good luck! Best wishes, Li Hua 【范文二】提升版（约140词） Dear new friends, Congratulations on starting your junior high journey! I still remember my first day — I was excited about the new school but also nervous about making new friends. Junior high is like a river. It's wide and sometimes the water moves fast. Unlike primary school, which was like a small, safe pool, here you will have to sail your boat by yourself more often. But you're not alone — teachers and classmates are here to help. My advice is: think more in your learning, try your best in everything you do, and make good use of every day. As the saying goes, "No pain, no gain." You will go through storms, but you will also reach the beautiful sea. I hope you enjoy every moment of this amazing journey! Yours, Li Hua 5.5 课文比喻手法分析 意象 比喻含义 课文原句 为什么这样比喻？ pool（水池） 小学 Primary school was like a pool. It was small and safe. 水池小而平静 → 小学环境单纯、受保护 river（河流） 初中 Junior high is like a river. It is wide and the water moves fast. 河流宽广湍急 → 初中科目多、节奏快 sea（大海） 未来/人生 You will go through storms towards the sea. 大海广阔 → 未来充满可能性 boat（小船） 自己 You have to sail your boat by yourself. 小船需要自己掌舵 → 学会独立 winds/storms 困难挑战 Dad and Mum protected your boat from winds. 风和暴风雨 → 成长中的挫折 六、易错点与难点突破（Common Mistakes） 编号 易错点 错误示例 正确写法 原因分析 1 excited / exciting 混淆 × I am exciting about the news. √ I am excited about the news. -ed 表"感到..."（主语是人）；-ing 表"令人..."（主语是物） 2 形代 vs 名代 × My eyes met her. √ My eyes met hers. her 是形代（后须加名词），hers 是名代（= her eyes） 3 remember to do / doing × Remember bringing your book tomorrow. √ Remember to bring your book tomorrow. to do = 记得去做（未做）；doing = 记得做过（已做） 4 problem / question 混用 × Can I ask you a problem? √ Can I ask you a question? problem = 难题（需 solve）；question = 问题（需 answer） 5 stop 过去式忘双写 p × I stoped writing. √ I stopped writing. 重读闭音节 stop → stopped（双写 p + ed） 6 write down 代词位置 × Please write down it. √ Please write it down. 代词作宾语时放在 write 和 down 之间 7 hope sb. to do × I hope you to come. √ I hope (that) you can come. hope 不能接不定式复合结构，正确用 hope + that 从句 8 No pain no gain 忘了逗号 × No pain no gain. √ No pain, no gain. 固定谚语，中间必须有逗号 9 put on / put up 搞反 × Put on your hand. / Put up your coat. √ Put up your hand. / Put on your coat. put up = 举起；put on = 穿上 10 protect...from 忘介词 × Protect your eyes the sun. √ Protect your eyes from the sun. 保护...免受... 必须用 from 七、文化常识与词根词缀（Culture Link & Word Building） 7.1 孔子与孟子 孔子（Confucius）：中国古代最伟大的思想家、教育家，生活在公元前551—前479年。 孟子（Mencius）：孔子的再传弟子，儒家学派重要代表，生活在公元前372—前289年。 课文故事：陈老师故意把孔子的名言说成是孟子说的，测试学生是否敢于独立思考、大胆质疑。这正是本单元的主题——"Learning without thinking is of no use." 7.2 孔子名言与学习谚语 英文 中文 出处/用法 Learning without thinking is of no use. 学而不思则罔。 孔子《论语》——本单元核心名言 Thinking without learning is dangerous. 思而不学则殆。 孔子《论语》——上一句的下半句 No pain, no gain. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 英语谚语——课文结尾句 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 经典励志谚语 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 培根名言 7.3 常见词根词缀（本单元词汇） 词缀/词根 含义 本单元例词 扩展词 -ful 形容词后缀，"充满……的" —— useful（有用的）, careful（仔细的）, hopeful（有希望的） -less 形容词后缀，"没有……的" —— useless（无用的）, careless（粗心的）, hopeless（无望的） -tion / -sion 名词后缀 —— protection（保护）, education（教育）, information（信息） -ly 副词后缀 really（很，十分） quickly（快速地）, carefully（仔细地）, happily（快乐地） im- 前缀，"不；进入" important（重要的） impossible（不可能的）, impolite（不礼貌的） pro- 前缀，"向前；支持" protect（保护） progress（进步）, provide（提供） re- 前缀，"再次；回" remember（记住） return（返回）, review（复习）, rewrite（重写） un- 前缀，"不；相反" —— unhappy（不开心的）, unable（不能的）, unlike（不像） 八、单元自测（Self-check） （本部分为"学生版"，不含答案。参考答案与解析见附录。） 第一部分：基础过关（20题） 一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词（10分） 1. I'm e______（兴奋的）about the new school year. 2. Is it p______（礼貌的）to point out the teacher's mistake? 3. "Ms Chen, there's a m______（错误）," I said. 4. Please r______（记住）to bring your homework tomorrow. 5. Learning w______（没有）thinking is of no use. 6. Junior high is like a r______（河流）. It is wide. 7. Parents p______（保护）their children from danger. 8. Just t______ your best and work hard. 9. No pain, no g______（收获）. 10. I h______（希望）I can make many new friends. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（5分） 11. My eyes met ______ (her). She smiled at me. 12. This book is ______ (my). That one is ______ (you). 13. Please ______ (write) your name down on the paper. 14. Remember ______ (bring) your red scarf tomorrow. 15. It's important for us ______ (think) more in learning. 三、选词填空（5分） （excited / exciting / problem / question / write down / point out） 16. The football match was very ______. We all shouted and jumped. 17. Can I ask you a ______ about today's homework? 18. Please ______ your name on this piece of paper. 19. Don't be afraid to ______ mistakes — it's part of learning. 20. We need to solve this ______ as soon as possible. 第二部分：能力提升（10题） 四、单项选择（5分） 21. — Is this your pen? — No, it's not ______. It's ______. A. my; hers B. mine; her C. mine; hers D. my; her 22. I feel ______ about my first day at junior high. Everything is new to me. A. excited but nervous B. exciting but nervous C. excited but nervously D. exciting and nervous 23. The teacher asked us to ______ the new words in our notebooks. A. write it down B. write down them C. write them down D. write down it 24. — What ______ people ______ on the first day of school in Russia? — Parents and students visit the school. A. does; do B. do; do C. are; doing D. did; did 25. Which of the following is TRUE? A. I hope you to have a good time. B. Primary school is like a river. C. "Learning without thinking is of no use" is from Confucius. D. No pain no gain is a Chinese saying. 五、句型转换（5分） 26. I'm excited about the school trip.（改为同义句，用 exciting） The school trip ______ ______ ______ me. 27. This book is useless.（改为同义句，用 be of） This book ______ ______ ______ ______. 28. My mother bought me a new schoolbag.（改为同义句，用 for） My mother bought a new schoolbag ______ ______. 29. It's important to think more.（改为同义句，用 of） Thinking more ______ ______ ______ ______. 30. They are our books.（改为同义句，用名代） These books ______ ______. 附录：参考答案与详细解析 （本部分为"教师版"，供教师批改和讲解使用。） 基础过关答案 题号 答案 解析 1 excited "感到兴奋"用 excited（-ed），不能用 exciting（-ing 指"令人兴奋"）。 2 polite polite 拼写注意：po-lite。反义词 impolite。 3 mistake there's a mistake = 有一个错误。make a mistake = 犯错误。 4 remember remember to do = 记得去做某事（还没做）。 5 without without + doing = 没有做……，反义 with。 6 river 课文比喻：小学像 pool（水池），初中像 river（河流）。 7 protect protect...from... 保护...免受...，固定搭配。 8 try try one's best = do one's best = 尽力。 9 gain No pain, no gain. 固定谚语，意为"一分耕耘，一分收获"。 10 hope hope + 从句，不能说 hope sb. to do。 11 hers 名代 = her eyes，独立使用。 12 mine; yours 名代分别 = my book 和 your book。 13 write 祈使句，动词用原形。 14 to bring remember to do = 记得去做。 15 to think It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 16 exciting 描述比赛"令人兴奋"用 exciting（-ing）。 17 question ask a question = 问一个问题。 18 write down write down = 写下，name 是名词可放中间也可放后面。 19 point out point out mistakes = 指出错误。 20 problem solve a problem = 解决难题。 能力提升答案 题号 答案 解析 21 C. mine; hers 第一空用名代 mine（= my pen），第二空用名代 hers（= her pen）。 22 A. excited but nervous "我感到"用 -ed 形式 excited 和 nervous 并列，用 but 表转折。 23 C. write them down them（代词）必须放在 write 和 down 之间：write them down。 24 B. do; do 一般现在时，主语 people（复数），助动词用 do。 25 C A 错在 hope 不能接 sb. to do；B 错在小学像 pool 不是 river；D 错在这是英语谚语。 26 is exciting to 事/物 + be exciting to sb. = 某事令某人兴奋。 27 is of no use useless = of no use。 28 for me buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 29 is of great importance important = of great importance。 30 are ours our books = ours（名代 = 形代 + 名词）。 本资料共 8 大板块 | 50+ 核心词汇 | 30+ 短语 | 8 大句型 | 4 项语法 | 30 道自测题 外研版（2024新版）七年级上册 · Unit 1 A New Start · 完整版知识点总结 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $