暑期自学讲义Unit 4 My Favourate Subject（讲练）2026-2027学年人教版七年级英语上册

该初中英语讲义以“目标-知识-能力”为主线构建Unit 4知识体系，通过分类表格系统梳理学科词汇、描述性形容词及核心短语，用对比表格呈现双元音发音规则与连读技巧，借助语法功能表解析连词用法，清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“讲练结合”设计，综合闯关包含单词填空、完形填空等多元题型，书面表达要求用and/but/because阐述学科喜好，培养语言表达与逻辑思维能力。附录速查表与易错点提醒助力学生自主复习，分层练习满足不同水平需求，为教师精准教学提供系统支持。

📚 人教版七年级英语上册 · Unit 4 My Favourite Subject 👩‍🏫 暑假自学讲义 · 讲练结合 · 适合初一新生 📑 目录 Part 1 学习目标  |  Part 2 词汇与短语  |  Part 3 语音 · 双元音与连读  |  Part 4 核心句型  |  Part 5 语法 · 连词  |  Part 6 课文精讲  |  Part 7 综合闯关  |  Part 8 答案与解析  |  Part 9 附录 · 速查 Part 1 单元学习目标 ✔ 谈论学校所学科目和自己最喜爱的学科，能使用恰当的形容词描述不同学科。 ✔ 识别网络平台发帖的信息特点，并能回复别人的发帖；能从兴趣、能力、学科活动、任课教师或未来职业理想等方面阐述喜爱某门学科的原因。 ✔ 听辨并准确认读三组双元音音素：/eɪ/、/aɪ/ 与 /ɔɪ/、/əʊ/ 与 /aʊ/、/ɪə/ 与 /eə/ 与 /ʊə/。 ✔ 正确使用 and、but、because 等连词连接句子中的不同成分或两个句子，使表达逻辑更清晰。 ✔ 了解不同国家初中阶段课程设置的情况，探究不同学科的特点和学科价值。 Part 2 单元词汇与短语 一、学科词汇 单词 词义 记忆小贴士 biology 生物学 bio（生命）+ logy（学科） IT 信息技术 Information Technology geography 地理（学） geo（地球）+ graphy（描述） history 历史；历史课 his + story（他的故事→历史） French 法语；法国的 France 的形容词 maths 数学 mathematics 的缩写 music 音乐 musical 音乐的 PE 体育 Physical Education art 美术；艺术 artist 艺术家 Chinese 语文；中文 China 的形容词 English 英语 England 的形容词 science 科学 scientist 科学家 二、描述性形容词 单词 词义 例句 boring 乏味的；令人生厌的 Maths is boring to me. useful 有用的；有益的 English is very useful. exciting 令人激动的 PE is exciting! excellent 优秀的；极好的 My teacher is excellent. interesting 有趣的 History is interesting. difficult 困难的 Maths is difficult for me. easy 容易的 Chinese is easy. fun 有趣的；乐趣 The class is fun. important 重要的 It's important to learn English. 三、核心短语 good with — 灵巧的；善于应付……的（I'm good with numbers.） help sb with — 帮助某人做（某事）（Can you help me with maths?） listen to — 听；倾听（Listen to the teacher.） be good at — 擅长（I'm good at English.） work out — 计算出；解决（work out maths problems） in the future — 将来；未来（I want to be a scientist in the future.） in class — 课堂上（We learn in class.） learn about — 了解；学习（learn about the past） 🔴 特别注意： 📌 good with（善于应对……）vs good at（擅长……） I'm good with numbers.（我善于处理数字） I'm good at maths.（我擅长数学） 📌 help sb with sth = help sb (to) do sth 📌 listen to 强调"听"的动作，hear 强调"听到"的结果 Part 3 语音加油站 —— 双元音与连读 一、三组双元音对比 /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ name, nice, boy /əʊ/ /aʊ/ note, now /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ near, hair, sure 📌 发音口诀 /eɪ/ 微笑"诶"（name, face） /aɪ/ 开口"爱"（nice, why） /ɔɪ/ 圆唇"奥伊"（boy, toy） /əʊ/ 收圆"欧"（note, sofa） /aʊ/ 张大"奥"（now, about） /ɪə/ "衣儿"（near, hear） /eə/ "诶儿"（hair, share） /ʊə/ "乌儿"（sure, poor） 💡 注： sure 和 poor 中的 /ʊə/ 在美式英语中常读作 /ʊr/ 或 /ɔːr/，本讲义采用英式发音标注。 二、连读技巧 🔊 连读规律： 📌 前一个单词以辅音结尾，后一个以元音开头时，要连读。 Wake up! → /weɪ kʌp/ It's time to get up. → /ɪts taɪm tə ge tʌp/ What time is it? → /wɒ taɪ mɪ zɪt/ Come on! → /kʌ mɒn/ Exercise 1 (发音归类): 将下列单词按读音归类。 name, nice, boy, note, now, near, hair, sure, face, why, toy, road, mouth, hear, share, poor /eɪ/ : __________________   /aɪ/ : __________________   /ɔɪ/ : __________________ /əʊ/ : __________________   /aʊ/ : __________________ /ɪə/ : __________________   /eə/ : __________________   /ʊə/ : __________________ Exercise 2 (连读练习): 朗读下列句子，注意连读。 (1) Wake up! It's time to get up. (2) What time is it? (3) Come on! Get up! Part 4 核心句型与对话 一、询问与回答最喜欢的学科 问句 答句 汉译 What's your favourite subject? My favourite subject is maths. 你最喜欢的学科是什么？我最喜欢数学。 Why do you like it? Because it's interesting. 你为什么喜欢它？因为它有趣。 What subject do you like best? I like English best. 你最喜欢什么学科？我最喜欢英语。 二、描述学科感受 句型 例句 汉译 It's + adj. + to do sth. It's interesting to learn about the past. 了解过去是有趣的。 ... makes me + adj. Music always makes me happy. 音乐总是让我开心。 I want to be a ... I want to be a scientist. 我想成为一名科学家。 💬 对话模板 对话：谈论最喜欢的学科 A: What's your favourite subject, Emma? （艾玛，你最喜欢的学科是什么？） B: My favourite subject is history. （我最喜欢历史。） A: Why do you like it? （你为什么喜欢它？） B: Because it's interesting to learn about the past. （因为了解过去很有趣。） Exercise 3 (补全对话): A: (1) ______ your favourite subject? B: My favourite subject is English. A: (2) ______ do you like it? B: (3) ______ it's useful. My English teacher is really (4) ______. A: That sounds great! Part 5 语法精讲 —— 连词 and, but, because 💡 连词用来 连接单词、短语或句子，使表达更连贯。 连词 功能 例句 汉译 and 并列（添加信息） I have art and geography today. 我今天有美术和地理。 but 转折（对比/反差） Biology is difficult but important. 生物很难但很重要。 because 因果（说明原因） I like Chinese because it's fun. 我喜欢语文因为它有趣。 so 因果（说明结果） It's useful, so I like it. 它很有用，所以我喜欢它。 🔴 用法口诀： 📌 and 表示"和、而且"——并列关系 📌 but 表示"但是"——转折关系 📌 because 表示"因为"——原因 📌 so 表示"所以"——结果 📖 易错提醒： ❌ Because it's fun, so I like it.（because 和 so 不能同时使用） ✅ Because it's fun, I like it. 或 It's fun, so I like it. Exercise 4 (选词填空): 用 and / but / because 填空。 (1) I like maths ______ it's useful. (2) I have English ______ history today. (3) I don't like maths, ______ it's difficult. (4) He is good at English, ______ his sister isn't. (5) We learn about plants ______ animals in biology class. Part 6 Section B 课文精讲 —— What can you learn from different subjects? 一、网络发帖格式 📱 网络平台发帖基本结构： ① 用户名/昵称：@musicfan / @mathswhiz ② 时间戳：7:09 PM 19 October ③ 正文：介绍自己的学校、所学科目、最喜欢的学科及原因 ④ 互动结尾：How about you? What's your favourite class and why? 二、课文原文 Mike Davis @musicfan 7:09 PM · 19 October I'm a student in Canada. I'm very busy this year. I study maths, music, French, history, English, IT, science, and have gym. My favourite subject is music because the class is fun and we learn a lot of new songs. Music always makes me happy. My music teacher is excellent. He lets us play all kinds of interesting instruments. I want to be a singer in the future. How about you? What do you study? What's your favourite class and why? Wu Binbin @mathswhiz 8:12 PM · 19 October I'm from China. This term, I have subjects like Chinese, history, maths, English, PE, and IT. I like all the subjects, but my favourite is maths. I like it because I'm good with numbers. We learn how to work out maths problems in class. It feels like magic and is really fun. Maths is very useful in our life, and I want to be a scientist in the future. 三、课文结构分析 部分 Mike Davis 的内容 Wu Binbin 的内容 自我介绍 加拿大的一名学生 来自中国 所学科目 maths, music, French, history, English, IT, science, gym Chinese, history, maths, English, PE, IT 最喜欢的学科 music maths 原因 class is fun, learn new songs, teacher lets them play instruments good with numbers, learn to work out problems, useful in life 未来职业 singer scientist 四、重点词汇与短语解析 词汇/短语 词义 课文例句 拓展/考点 study 学习；研究 I study maths, music... 作动词，后接学科名称 makes me happy 让我开心 Music always makes me happy. make + sb + adj.（使某人……） excellent 优秀的；极好的 My music teacher is excellent. 形容人/物，程度比 good 强 let sb do 让某人做某事 He lets us play instruments. let 后接动词原形（不加 to） all kinds of 各种各样的 all kinds of interesting instruments = many kinds of in the future 将来；未来 I want to be a singer in the future. 时间状语，用于将来时 work out 计算出；解决 work out maths problems 动词短语，problem 作宾语 feel like 感觉像 It feels like magic. like 作介词，意为"像" 🔴 重点易错点 1： let 的用法 ✅ He lets us play instruments.（接动词原形） ❌ He lets us to play instruments. 🔴 重点易错点 2： make + sb + adj. Music makes me happy.（音乐让我开心） The story makes us laugh.（make + sb + 动词原形） 🔴 重点易错点 3： like 的词性 I like music.（喜欢——动词） It feels like magic.（像——介词） 🔴 重点易错点 4： problem vs question work out maths problems（难题——待解决） answer a question（问题——待回答） 🔴 重点易错点 5： play + 乐器 vs play + 乐器类名词 play the violin（具体乐器名称，加 the） play all kinds of instruments（乐器类名词，不加 the） 五、重点句子解析 句子 解析 考点 It's interesting to learn about the past. It 是形式主语，真正主语是 to learn about the past。 It's + adj. + to do sth. 句型 Music always makes me happy. make + sb + adj. 结构，表示"使某人……"。 make 的使役用法 He lets us play all kinds of interesting instruments. let sb do 结构；all kinds of instruments 前不加 the。 let 接动词原形；play + 乐器类名词不加 the It feels like magic and is really fun. 并列句，and 连接两个分句，第二个分句省略主语 it。 feel like 感觉像；并列句省略 六、课文理解练习 根据课文内容，判断正误（T/F）： (1) Mike Davis is from Canada. （ ） (2) Mike's favourite subject is maths. （ ） (3) Wu Binbin is good with numbers. （ ） (4) Wu Binbin wants to be a singer in the future. （ ） (5) Both Mike and Binbin study IT. （ ） Part 7 综合闯关 (满分100分) 一、根据汉语提示写单词（每题1分，共12分） 1. I like b________ (生物学) because it's interesting. 2. We learn about the past in h________ (历史) class. 3. My favourite subject is g________ (地理). 4. IT is very u________ (有用的) in our life. 5. Maths is d________ (困难的) for me. 6. PE is e________ (令人激动的)! 7. My music teacher is e________ (优秀的). 8. I want to be a s________ (科学家) in the future. 9. She wants to be a s________ (歌手). 10. We learn how to w________ out maths problems. 11. I'm good w________ numbers. 12. Can you help me w________ my English? 二、用 and / but / because 填空（每题1分，共6分） 13. I like English ______ it's useful. 14. I have art ______ geography today. 15. I don't like maths, ______ it's boring to me. 16. He is good at English, ______ his sister isn't. 17. We learn about plants ______ animals in biology. 18. I like all the subjects, ______ my favourite is music. 三、单项选择（每题2分，共20分） 19. — What's your favourite subject? — ______ favourite subject is English. A. My   B. I   C. Me   D. Mine （ ） 20. I like maths ______ it's useful. A. but   B. and   C. because   D. so （ ） 21. Music always ______ me happy. A. make   B. makes   C. making   D. to make （ ） 22. He lets us ______ all kinds of instruments. A. play   B. to play   C. playing   D. plays （ ） 23. — ______ do you like history? — Because it's interesting. A. What   B. When   C. Why   D. Where （ ） 24. I'm good ______ numbers. A. at   B. with   C. for   D. to （ ） 25. She is good ______ English. A. at   B. with   C. for   D. to （ ） 26. We learn how ______ out maths problems. A. work   B. to work   C. working   D. works （ ） 27. It ______ like magic. A. feel   B. feels   C. feeling   D. to feel （ ） 28. I want to be a singer ______ the future. A. on   B. at   C. in   D. for （ ） 四、按要求完成句子（每题3分，共15分） 29. My favourite subject is music.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________ 30. I like English because it's useful.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________ 31. He lets us play instruments.（改为否定句） ___________________________________________ 32. It's interesting to learn about the past.（翻译成中文） ___________________________________________ 33. I like maths and English.（改为否定句） ___________________________________________ 五、完形填空（每题1分，共10分） Hi, I'm Mike. I'm a student in Canada. This year I study many subjects, (34) ______ maths, music, French, history, English, IT, science, and gym. My favourite subject is music (35) ______ the class is fun. We learn a lot of new (36) ______. Music always makes me (37) ______. My music teacher is excellent. He lets us (38) ______ all kinds of interesting instruments. I want to be a (39) ______ in the future. Wu Binbin is from China. This term, he has subjects like Chinese, history, maths, English, PE, (40) ______ IT. He likes all the subjects, (41) ______ his favourite is maths. He likes it because he's good (42) ______ numbers. He learns how to work out maths problems. It feels (43) ______ magic. Maths is very useful, (44) ______ he wants to be a scientist. 34. A. like   B. likes   C. liking   D. to like （ ） 35. A. and   B. but   C. because   D. so （ ） 36. A. songs   B. books   C. games   D. pictures （ ） 37. A. happy   B. sad   C. boring   D. difficult （ ） 38. A. play   B. to play   C. playing   D. plays （ ） 39. A. scientist   B. singer   C. teacher   D. doctor （ ） 40. A. and   B. but   C. because   D. so （ ） 41. A. and   B. but   C. because   D. so （ ） 42. A. at   B. with   C. for   D. to （ ） 43. A. as   B. like   C. for   D. to （ ） 44. A. and   B. but   C. because   D. so （ ） 六、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分） Passage Hi, I'm Mike Davis. I'm a student in Canada. I study maths, music, French, history, English, IT, science, and gym. My favourite subject is music. The class is fun and we learn a lot of new songs. Music always makes me happy. My music teacher is excellent. He lets us play all kinds of interesting instruments. I want to be a singer in the future. Wu Binbin is from China. This term, he has subjects like Chinese, history, maths, English, PE, and IT. He likes all the subjects, but his favourite is maths. He likes it because he's good with numbers. He learns how to work out maths problems. It feels like magic. Maths is very useful in life, and he wants to be a scientist. 45. Where is Mike Davis from? A. China   B. Canada   C. The UK   D. The US （ ） 46. What is Mike's favourite subject? A. Maths   B. Music   C. English   D. History （ ） 47. Why does Mike like music? A. Because it's easy.   B. Because the class is fun and he learns new songs. C. Because his teacher is funny.   D. Because he is good at it. （ ） 48. What is Wu Binbin good with? A. English   B. Music   C. Numbers   D. Sports （ ） 49. What does Wu Binbin want to be in the future? A. A singer   B. A teacher   C. A scientist   D. A doctor （ ） 七、书面表达（10分） 假设你是 Li Hua，请在网上发帖介绍你最喜欢的学科（不少于50词）。 要求：1. 介绍你本学期所学的学科；2. 说明你最喜欢的学科及原因（从兴趣、能力、课堂活动、教师或未来职业等方面阐述）；3. 正确使用 and、but、because。 （写作区域 ，请在此处作答） _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 8 答案与详细解析 Exercise 1 答案 /eɪ/ : name, face  |  /aɪ/ : nice, why  |  /ɔɪ/ : boy, toy /əʊ/ : note, road  |  /aʊ/ : now, mouth /ɪə/ : near, hear  |  /eə/ : hair, share  |  /ʊə/ : sure, poor 💡 注： sure 和 poor 中的 /ʊə/ 在美式英语中常读作 /ʊr/ 或 /ɔːr/，本讲义采用英式发音标注。 Exercise 2 (连读练习) 参考 (1) Wake up! It's time to get up. → /weɪ kʌp! ɪts taɪm tə ge tʌp/ (2) (2) What time is it? → /wɒ taɪ mɪ zɪt/ (3) Come on! Get up! → /kʌ mɒn! ge tʌp/ Exercise 3 答案 1. What's   2. Why   3. Because   4. nice Exercise 4 答案 1. because   2. and   3. because   4. but   5. and Section B 课文理解练习答案 (1) T   (2) F（Mike's favourite subject is music） (3) T   (4) F（Binbin wants to be a scientist） (5) T 综合检测答案 一、单词填空： 1. biology   2. history   3. geography   4. useful   5. difficult   6. exciting   7. excellent   8. scientist   9. singer   10. work   11. with   12. with 二、连词填空： 13. because   14. and   15. because   16. but   17. and   18. but 三、单项选择： 19. A   20. C   21. B   22. A   23. C   24. B   25. A   26. B   27. B   28. C 📖 详细解析： 19. 修饰名词用形容词性物主代词 My；Mine 不能修饰名词 → A。 20. 表原因用 because → C。 21. Music 三单，make → makes → B。 22. let sb do，接动词原形 → A。 23. 询问原因用 Why → C。 24. good with（善于应对）→ B。 25. good at（擅长）→ A。 26. how to do → B。 27. It 三单，feels → B。 28. in the future 固定搭配 → C。 四、句型转换： 29. What is your favourite subject? 30. Why do you like English? 31. He doesn't let us play instruments. 32. 了解过去是有趣的。 33. I don't like maths or English. 五、完形填空： 34. A   35. C   36. A   37. A   38. A   39. B   40. A   41. B   42. B   43. B   44. D 📖 详细解析： 34. like 作介词，"例如" → A。 35. 表原因用 because → C。 36. "新歌" → A。 37. make me happy → A。 38. let us play → A。 39. Mike 想成为歌手 → B。 40. 并列列举用 and → A。 41. 转折用 but → B。 42. good with → B。 43. feel like → B。 44. 表结果用 so → D。 六、阅读理解： 45. B   46. B   47. B   48. C   49. C 📖 详细解析： 45. "I'm a student in Canada." → B。 46. "My favourite subject is music." → B。 47. "the class is fun and we learn a lot of new songs" → B。 48. "he's good with numbers" → C。 49. "he wants to be a scientist" → C。 七、书面表达参考范文 Hi, I'm Li Hua from China. This term, I have Chinese, maths, English, history, geography, and PE. I like all the subjects, but my favourite is English. I like it because it's useful and interesting. My English teacher is excellent and she makes the class fun. We learn many new words and songs. I want to be a translator in the future. How about you? What's your favourite subject and why? 评分标准： 内容完整性3分 + 连词使用2分 + 句型与语法3分 + 书写规范2分 = 10分 Part 9 附录 · 速查表 📘 连词速查： and（并列，添加信息）｜ but（转折，对比）｜ because（因果，说明原因）｜ so（因果，说明结果） 📌 核心句型： — What's your favourite subject? （你最喜欢的学科是什么？） — Why do you like it? — Because it's ... （你为什么喜欢它？因为……） — It's + adj. + to do sth. （做某事是……的） — ... makes me + adj. （……使我……） 🔴 易错点 TOP 6： ① because 和 so 不能同时使用！ ② let 后接动词原形（不加 to）！ ③ make + sb + adj.（使某人……）！ ④ good with（善于应对）vs good at（擅长）！ ⑤ like 作动词（喜欢）vs 作介词（像）！ ⑥ play + 具体乐器名称（加 the）vs play + 乐器类名词（不加 the）！ ⏳ 暑假安排： Day1 词汇+学科名称 ; Day2 语音·双元音与连读 ; Day3 连词 and/but/because ; Day4 Section B 课文精讲 ; Day5 综合 ; Day6 作文+订正。 🎓 祝同学们暑假学习愉快，发现各学科之美！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $