第09讲 Unit 5 A fine balance（课文知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材外研版

第09讲Unit 5 A fine balance （课文知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 Unit 5 A fine balance单词及课文学习 学习重点 Unit 5 A fine balance知识解析学习 考点一 课文解读1 Understanding ideas 课文重点词汇1 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.drop /drɒp/ v. 降低 2.tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ n. 游客 3.ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 4.balance /ˈbæləns/ v. (使)平稳，(使)保持平衡 n. 平衡 5.smog /smɒɡ/ n. 烟雾 6.admire /ədˈmaɪə/ v. 欣赏，观赏 7.mark /mɑːk/ n. 痕迹；标记 8.farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n. 农田，耕地 9.rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 快速的，迅速的 10.society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会 11.till /tɪl/ conj. 直到 12.cancel /ˈkænsəl/ v. 取消 13.permit /pəˈmɪt/ v. 允许；使成为可能 课文对译解读1 Understanding ideas When the earth stands still In 2007, writer Alan Weisman wrote a book called The World Without Us. In the book, he showed his readers a world without humans. Let's imagine such a world. All human activities stop. Cars disappear from the roads, boats from the rivers, and planes from the skies. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. If people are gone, what would happen to the natural world? It is no surprise that animals would soon increase in number. In cities, traffic noise often means that animals cannot easily hear each other. Without humans, the noise would drop greatly as traffic stops. This allows natural sounds to fill the air. It is much easier for animals to find each other and form families. Also, tourists disappear from beaches and seas. Sea animals would not be troubled by people around them. But not only animals would enjoy the change. Ecosystems would start to balance again, too. Trees would grow freely without the need for human management. The space that people now use for farmland, roads and cities would slowly become forests again. The earth would become a greener place. Without pollution, the natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. Cleaner air and water would allow them to present all their beauty. But there wouldn't be people to admire such an amazing world. What a sad thing to think about! Throughout history, humans have left so many marks on the earth, such as roads, farmlands and buildings. The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. It's clear that we can't wait till imagination becomes reality. The world isn't a game. We can't cancel it and start over. We need to think more about how we get along with nature. Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote – let us permit nature to have her way. 翻译： 2007年，作家艾伦·韦斯曼写了一本名为《没有我们的世界》的书。在书中，他向读者展示了一个没有人类的世界。让我们想象这样一个世界。所有人类活动都停止了。汽车从道路上消失，船只从河流中消失，飞机从天空中消失。通常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园空无一人。如果人类消失了，自然世界会发生什么？ 毫无疑问，动物的数量很快就会增加。在城市里，交通噪音常常意味着动物之间不容易听到彼此。如果没有人类，随着交通停止，噪音会大大降低。这让自然的声音充满空气。动物之间更容易找到彼此并组成家庭。此外，游客从海滩和海洋中消失。海洋动物不会受到周围人们的打扰。 但不仅动物会享受这种变化。生态系统也将重新开始平衡。树木将自由生长，无需人工管理。人们现在用于农田、道路和城市的空间将慢慢变回森林。地球将变得更加绿色。 如果没有污染，那些多年来隐藏在雾霾背后的自然奇观将再次出现。更清洁的空气和水会让它们展现出所有的美丽。但是将没有人来欣赏这样一个神奇的世界。想想这是多么可悲的事情啊！ 纵观历史，人类在地球上留下了太多的痕迹，比如道路、农田和建筑。人类社会的快速发展让我们越来越不关心自然。显然，我们不能等到想象变成现实。世界不是游戏。我们不能取消它并重新开始。我们需要更多地思考如何与自然相处。也许我们应该记住蒙田曾经写下的智慧之言——让我们顺其自然吧。 考点二 课文知识解析1 1.call 称呼；叫做；电话；打电话 词汇变形： call（动词 / 名词，称呼；打电话 / 电话）→ called（过去式 / 过去分词，称呼；叫做）→ calling（现在分词，称呼；打电话） 常考短语： be called（被称为；名为）  call sb. up（给某人打电话） call for（需要；要求） 例句：This dog is called Lucky because it brings good luck.这只狗叫幸运，因为它能带来好运 2.show /ʃəʊ/ 展示；表明；节目；演出 词汇变形：show（动词 / 名词，展示；节目）→ showed（过去式 / 过去分词，展示；表明） → shown（过去分词，展示；表明）；shows（第三人称单数，展示；演出） 常考短语： show sb. sth.（向某人展示某物） show around（带领参观） on show（展出；陈列） 例句：My mom showed me her old photos from middle school.妈妈给我看了她中学时的旧照片。 3.human /ˈhjuːmən/ 人类的；人的；人类 词汇变形：human（形容词 / 名词，人类的；人类）→ humans（复数，人类） 常考短语： human activities（人类活动） human beings（人类） human nature（人性） 例句：Human beings should protect animals and plants.（人类应该保护动植物。） 4.activity /ækˈtɪvəti/ 活动；行动 词汇变形：active（形容词，活跃的；积极的）→ activity（名词，活动）→ activities（复数，活动）；actively（副词，活跃地；积极地） 常考短语： outdoor activities（户外活动） social activities（社交活动）  class activities（课堂活动） 例句：We have many interesting class activities on Fridays.（我们周五有很多有趣的课堂活动。） 5.stop /stɒp/ 停止；停下；车站；中止 词汇变形：stop（动词 / 名词，停止；车站）→ stopped（过去式 / 过去分词，停止；停下）→ stopping（现在分词，停止；停下） 常考短语： stop doing sth.（停止做某事） stop to do sth.（停下来去做某事）  come to a stop（停下；停止） 例句：He stopped watching TV to do his homework.（他停下看电视去做作业。） 6.disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ 消失；不见 词汇变形：appear（动词，出现；显现）→ disappear（动词，消失；不见）→ disappeared（过去式 / 过去分词，消失；不见）；disappearance（名词，消失；失踪） 常考短语： disappear from sight（从视线中消失） disappear without a trace（消失得无影无踪） 例句：The little bird disappeared into the forest.（那只小鸟消失在森林里。） 7.full of /fʊl əv/ 充满；装满 词汇变形：full（形容词，满的；充满的）→ fuller（比较级，更满的）→ fullest（最高级，最满的） 常考短语： be full of（充满…） full of energy（充满活力） full of hope（充满希望） 例句：The classroom is full of laughter and joy.（教室里充满了欢声笑语。） 8.remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ 保持；仍然是；剩余；留下 词汇变形：remain（动词，保持；剩余）→ remained（过去式 / 过去分词，保持；剩余）→ remaining（现在分词 / 形容词，剩余的；剩下的） 常考短语： remain silent（保持沉默） remain unchanged（保持不变） the remaining time（剩余时间） 例句：He remained silent when the teacher asked him a question.老师问他问题时，他保持沉默。 9.happen /ˈhæpən/ 发生；碰巧；出现 词汇变形：happen（动词，发生；碰巧）→ happened（过去式 / 过去分词，发生；碰巧）→ happening（现在分词，发生；正在发生的事） 常考短语： happen to do sth.（碰巧做某事） what happened（发生了什么） it happens that（碰巧；恰巧） 例句：What happened to you? You look sad.（你怎么了？你看起来不开心。） 10.natural world   自然界；自然世界 词汇变形：natural（形容词，自然的；天然的）→ nature（名词，自然；大自然）；world（名词，世界）→ worlds（复数，世界） 常考短语： the natural world（自然界） protect the natural world（保护自然界） 例句：Scientists are studying the relationship between humans and the natural world.科学家们正在研究人类与自然界的关系。 11.it is no surprise that   并不令人惊讶；不足为奇的是… 词汇变形：surprise（名词 / 动词，惊讶；使惊讶）→ surprised（形容词，感到惊讶的）→ surprising（形容词，令人惊讶的） 常考短语： it is no surprise that...（… 并不令人惊讶） to one's surprise（令某人惊讶的是） 例句：It is no surprise that she passed the exam—she studied very hard.她通过考试并不令人惊讶，她学习非常努力。 12.increase in number  数量增加；数目增长 词汇变形：increase（动词 / 名词，增加；增长）→ increased（过去式 / 过去分词，增加；增长）→ increasing（现在分词，增加的；增长的）；number（名词，数量；数目）→ numbers（复数，数量） 常考短语： increase in number（数量增加） increase by（增加了） increase to（增加到） 例句：The number of birds in this area has increased greatly.（这个地区的鸟类数量大幅增加。） 13.mean 意味着；打算；意思是；吝啬的 词汇变形：mean（动词，意味着；打算）→ meant（过去式 / 过去分词，意味着；打算）；meaning（名词，意思；含义）→ meaningful（形容词，有意义的） 常考短语： mean to do sth.（打算做某事） mean doing sth.（意味着做某事） what do you mean（你是什么意思） 例句：This new rule means that we have to arrive earlier.（这条新规定意味着我们必须更早到达。） 14.without /wɪˈðaʊt/ 没有；无；不（做某事） 常考短语：without doing sth.（没有做某事） without doubt（毫无疑问）  without permission（未经允许） 例句：He left the house without saying goodbye.（他没说再见就离开了家。） 15.drop greatly /drɒp ˈɡreɪtli/ 大幅下降；急剧减少 词汇变形：drop（动词 / 名词，下降；掉落；水滴）→ dropped（过去式 / 过去分词，下降；掉落）；great（形容词，伟大的；大大的）→ greatly（副词，大大地；非常） 常考短语 drop in temperature（气温下降） drop greatly（大幅下降） 例句：The price of this fruit has dropped greatly recently.（这种水果的价格最近大幅下降。） 16.allow /əˈlaʊ/ 允许；准许；容许 词汇变形：allow（动词，允许；准许）→ allowed（过去式 / 过去分词，允许；准许）→ allowing（现在分词，允许；准许）；allowance（名词，津贴；补贴） 常考短语： allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事） allow doing sth.（允许做某事）  be allowed to（被允许） 例句：The teacher doesn't allow students to use phones in class.老师不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。 17.natural sounds /ˈnætʃrəl saʊndz/ 自然声音；天籁之音 词汇变形：natural（形容词，自然的；天然的）→ nature（名词，自然）；sound（名词，声音；声响）→ sounds（复数，声音） 常考短语： natural sounds（自然声音） the sound of birds（鸟鸣声） 例句：We can hear natural sounds like wind and rain in the forest.在森林里，我们能听到风声、雨声等自然声音。 18.fill the air /fɪl ði eə(r)/ 弥漫在空气中；充斥着空气 词汇变形：fill（动词，充满；装满）→ filled（过去式 / 过去分词，充满；装满）→ filling（现在分词，充满；填充）；air（名词，空气；大气） 常考短语： fill the air with（空气中弥漫着…） smoke fills the air（空气中弥漫着烟雾） 例句：The smell of flowers fills the air in spring.（春天，空气中弥漫着花香。） 19.tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ 游客；旅行者 词汇变形：tour（名词 / 动词，旅行；旅游）→ tourist（名词，游客；旅行者）→ tourists（复数，游客们）；tourism（名词，旅游业） 常考短语： foreign tourists（外国游客） tourist attractions（旅游景点） 例句：This city attracts thousands of tourists every year.这座城市每年吸引成千上万的游客。 20.trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ 麻烦；困难；困扰；打扰 词汇变形：trouble（名词 / 动词，麻烦；困扰）→ troubled（过去式 / 过去分词，麻烦；困扰）；troublesome（形容词，麻烦的；令人烦恼的） 常考短语： get into trouble（陷入麻烦） have trouble doing sth.（做某事有困难） ask for trouble（自找麻烦） 例句：He had trouble solving this math problem.他解决这道数学题有困难。 21.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险；风险​ 词汇变形：danger（名词）→ dangerous（形容词，危险的）；endanger（动词，危及，呼应第 45 个词）​ 常考短语：in danger（处于危险中） out of danger（脱离危险） a danger to（对… 的威胁）​ 例句：Cutting down too many trees puts wildlife in danger.砍伐过多树木使野生动物陷入危险。 22.can't wait  迫不及待；等不及​ 词汇变形：can（情态动词，不能单独变形）；wait（动词，等待）→ waited（过去式 / 过去分词）​ 常考短语： can't wait to do sth.（迫不及待做某事） can't wait for sth.（等不及某物）​ 例句：I can't wait to visit the natural wonders in Yunnan.我迫不及待要去参观云南的自然奇观。​ 23.permit /pəˈmɪt/（动词） /ˈpɜːmɪt/（名词）动词（允许；许可）；名词（许可证；执照）​ 词汇变形：permit（动 / 名原形）→ permitted（过去式 / 过去分词）→ permitting（现在分词）；permission（名词，允许，常用）​ 常考短语： permit sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事） a driving permit（驾驶执照） ask for permission（请求许可）​ 例句：动词：The teacher doesn't permit us to cut down trees in the park.老师不允许我们在公园里砍树。 名词：You need a special permit to enter the protected area.进入保护区需要特殊许可证。 【即学即练】 一、单选题。 1.Many outdoor ______ have to be called off because of the heavy rain. A. activities B. tourists C. ecosystems D. natural wonders 2.All the machines suddenly ______ working when the power went out. A. disappeared B. stopped C. dropped greatly D. remained 3.The old building has ______ for hundreds of years, witnessing the changes of the city. A. remained B. happened C. cancelled D. troubled 4.After the storm, many beautiful shells ______ on the ______. A. dropped greatly; ecosystems B. remained; beaches C. disappeared; tourists D. is full of; natural wonders 5.The national park ______ amazing lakes and waterfalls. A. stopped B. is full of C. permitted D. cut down 6.Many rare birds have ______ because their living places are destroyed. A. disappeared B. happened C. remained D. troubled 7.We ______ visit the new zoo, as we have heard a lot of good things about it. A. can't wait to B. dropped greatly C. cut down D. cancelled 8.The sports meeting was ______ because of the bad weather. A. permitted B. troubled C. canceled D. remained 10.What ______ to you yesterday? You looked so upset. A. remained B. happened C. disappeared D. stopped 二．选词填空 disappear from ，drop greatly ，be troubled by ，take back，care less for 1.If humans are gone, cars would __________ the roads, boats from the rivers, and planes from the skies. 2.Without human traffic, the noise would __________, and animals could hear each other more easily. 3.Sea animals would not __________ people around them. 4. Forests would __________ the space that humans now live in. 5.The rapid development of human society has made us __________ nature. 三．根据课文内容，用正确的词汇完成句子。 1. 在《没有我们的世界》一书中，他向读者展示了一个没有人类的世界。 In the book, he showed his readers a __________ without __________. 2. 没有人类，动物数量很快就会增加。 Without humans, animals would soon __________ in __________. 3. 被雾霾掩盖多年的自然奇观会再次出现。 The natural wonders which have been hidden behind __________ for years would __________ again. 4. 人类社会的快速发展使我们不那么关心自然了。 The rapid __________ of human society has made us __________ less for nature. 5. 也许我们应该记住蒙田曾经说过的话：“让自然走自己的路。” Perhaps we should __________ the wise __________ which Montaigne once wrote – “Let us __________ nature to have her way.” 考点三 课文解读2 Reading for writing 课文重点词汇2 1.foreigner /ˈfɒrɪnə/ n. 外国人 2.logo /ˈləʊɡəʊ/ n. 标识，标志，徽标 3.endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的，濒于灭绝的 4.vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj. 脆弱的；易受伤的 5.worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ adv. 世界各地 6.protection /prəˈtekʃən/ n. 保护 7.environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 自然环境的 8.population /ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃən/ n. 人口；动植物的总数 9.undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ adv. 毫无疑问地，确定无疑地 10.survival /səˈvaɪvəl/ n. 继续生存；幸存 – 课文对译解读2 Saving pandas: efforts and hopes 原文： The panda is a Chinese national treasure, and has become popular around the world. Some foreigners even believe that pandas are kept as pets in China! Sadly, perhaps, this isn't true. And certainly there are not enough pandas for many people to have one as a pet. In fact, back in the 1970s, there were only around 1,000 of these lovely animals in the wild. In 1961, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was looking for an animal as its logo. The panda was chosen because it is "an animal that is beautiful, endangered and is one loved by many people in the world". But in the year 2016, there came some fantastic news – the panda was moved from "endangered" to "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. How did this happen? China's government has done a great deal over the years. The Giant Panda National Park and 67 protected areas have been set up. The Giant Panda National Park is three times as large as Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Research centres have also been set up, in which over 460 pandas have been born. Increased education among the local people has also played an important role. With a better understanding of environmental protection, farmers have returned part of their farmland to the forests. They plant trees and bamboo to provide pandas with more space and food. The panda is not the only animal to benefit from these actions. The forests that they live in are also home to many other animals and plants. As the forests have grown larger, the panda's neighbours have also increased greatly in population. Protecting pandas is undoubtedly helpful to the survival of a whole ecosystem. 熊猫是中国的国宝，在世界各地都很受欢迎。有些外国人甚至认为在中国熊猫被当作宠物饲养！遗憾的是，事实并非如此。而且当然没有足够的熊猫让很多人养一只当宠物。事实上，早在20世纪70年代，野外只有大约1000只这种可爱的动物。1961年，世界自然基金会在寻找一种动物作为其标志。熊猫被选中，因为它“是一种美丽的、濒危的、被世界上许多人喜爱的动物”。 但在2016年，传来了一些好消息——在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录上，熊猫从“濒危”物种被移到了“易危”物种。这是怎么发生的呢？ 多年来，中国政府做了大量的工作。大熊猫国家公园和67个保护区已经建立起来。大熊猫国家公园的面积是美国黄石国家公园的三倍。多家研究中心也已经建立起来，成功繁育了460多只熊猫。 当地人民受教育程度的提高也发挥了重要作用。随着对环境保 server想更好理解，农民将部分农田归还给森林。他们种植树木和竹子，为熊猫提供更多的空间和食物。 熊猫并不是唯一从这些行动中受益的动物。它们生活的森林也是许多其他动植物的家园。随着森林面积的扩大，熊猫的“邻居们”的数量也大大增加了。保护熊猫无疑有助于整个生态系统的生存。 考点四 课文知识解析2 1.enough /ɪˈnʌf/ 足够的；足够地；足够 词汇变形：enough（形容词 / 副词 / 代词，足够的；足够地；足够） 常考短语：enough for sb. to do sth.（足够某人做某事） have enough time（有足够的时间） adj.+enough（足够…） 例句：Is there enough food for everyone to eat?有足够的食物让每个人都吃吗？ 2.endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ 濒临灭绝的；有灭绝危险的 词汇变形：endanger（动词，危及；使濒危）→ endangered（形容词，濒临灭绝的）→ endangerment（名词） 常考短语： endangered species（濒危物种） an endangered animal（濒危动物） 例句：We must take action to protect endangered plants and animals.我们必须采取行动保护濒危动植物。 3.vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ 易受伤害的；易危的 词汇变形：vulnerable（形容词，易受伤害的；易危的）→ vulnerability（名词）；more vulnerable（比较级）→ most vulnerable（最高级） 常考短语： vulnerable species（易危物种） be vulnerable to（易受… 影响） 例句：Young birds are vulnerable to bad weather and predators.幼鸟易受恶劣天气和捕食者的影响。 4.as of now   截至目前；到现在为止 词汇变形：as（介词，作为；如同）；now（副词，现在） 常考短语： as of now（截至目前） up to now（至今，同义替换） 例句：As of now, more than 500 people have signed up for the activity.截至目前，已有超过 500 人报名参加这项活动。 5.make great efforts   付出巨大努力；努力 词汇变形：effort（名词，努力）→ efforts（复数）；make（动词）→ made（过去式 / 过去分词） 常考短语： make great efforts to do sth.（努力做某事） spare no efforts（不遗余力） 例句：She made great efforts to improve her English and finally succeeded.她努力提高英语水平，最终成功了。 6.increased education  更多的教育；教育的普及 词汇变形：increase（动词 / 名词，增加）→ increased（过去式 / 过去 分词；形容词，增加的）；educate（动词，教育）→ education（名词，教育）；educational（形容词） 常考短语： increased education（教育的普及；加强的教育） higher education（高等教育） 例句：Increased education has helped improve people's living standards.教育的普及有助于提高人们的生活水平。 7.play an important role  发挥重要作用；扮演重要角色 词汇变形：play（动词，扮演；发挥）→ played（过去式 / 过去分词）； role（名词，角色；作用）→ roles（复数） 常考短语： play an important role in（在… 中发挥重要作用）  play a key role（发挥关键作用） 例句：Technology plays an important role in modern society.技术在现代社会中发挥着重要作用。 8.understanding of   对… 的理解；了解 词汇变形：understand（动词，理解）→ understood（过去式 / 过去分词）→ understanding（名词，理解；形容词，善解人意的） 常考短语： a better understanding of（对… 更深入的理解） have a good understanding of（对… 有很好的理解） 例句：Reading more books can help us gain a better understanding of the world.多读书能帮助我们更好地了解世界。 9.provide...with... 为… 提供… 词汇变形：provide（动词，提供）→ provided（过去式 / 过去分词）→ providing（现在分词） 常考短语： provide sb./sth. with sth.（为某人 / 某物提供某物） provide sth. for sb./sth.（为某人 / 某物提供某物） 例句：The company provides its employees with good working conditions.这家公司为员工提供良好的工作环境。 10.benefit from  从… 中受益；得益于… 词汇变形：benefit（动词，受益；名词，益处）→ benefited/benefitted （过去式/ 过去分词）→ benefiting/benefitting（现在分词）；beneficial（形容词，有益的） 常考短语： benefit from sth.（从某物中受益） be beneficial to（对… 有益） 例句：Students can benefit a lot from reading classic works.学生们能从阅读经典作品中受益匪浅。 11.undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ 无疑地；毫无疑问地 词汇变形：doubt（动词 / 名词，怀疑）→ undoubted（形容词，无疑的） → undoubtedly（副词，无疑地）；undoubtedly（同义替换：without doubt） 常考短语：undoubtedly（无疑地，用于句首 / 句中） 例句：Undoubtedly, this project will bring great benefits to the local people.无疑，这个项目将为当地民众带来巨大益处。 12.survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 生存；存活；存续 词汇变形：survive（动词，生存；幸存）→ survival（名词，生存；幸存）；survivor（名词，幸存者）；survivable（形容词，可生存的） 常考短语：the survival of（… 的存续 / 生存） fight for survival（为生存而战） 例句：The survival of these rare species depends on our protection.这些珍稀物种的生存取决于我们的保护。 【即学即练】 一．单项选择 1.Local people ______ in protecting the wetland, as they know it’s important for their life. A. play an important role    B. make great efforts C. take actions             D. benefit from 2.The local government decided to ______ more nature reserves to protect wild animals. A. set up B. return to C. provide with D. benefit from 3.______ , more than 1000 pandas have been protected in the nature reserves. A. As of now B. Sadly C. Wildly D. Enough 4.Scientists ______ to save the endangered pandas by setting up protected areas. A. make great efforts B. take actions C. set up D. benefit from 5.Young animals are more ______ than adults because they can’t defend themselves well. A. celebrated B. endangered C. vulnerable D. enough 6.The boy is ______ old ______ to take care of his little sister when his parents are out. A. enough; wildly B. wildly; enough C. enough; sadly D. old; enough 二．选词填空 a national treasure ,from endangered to vulnerable ,made great efforts ,set up research centres ,played an important role 1. The panda is __________ of China and has become popular around the world. 2. In 2016, the panda was moved __________ on the IUCN Red List. 3. China’s government has __________ over the years to protect pandas. 4. The government has also __________ in which over 460 pandas have been born. 5. Increased education among local people __________ in panda protection. 三．根据课文内容，用正确的词汇完成句子。 1.熊猫是中国国宝，已经在世界各地广受欢迎。 The panda is a Chinese __________, and has become __________ around the world. 2.世界自然基金会寻找一种动物作为其标志。 The World Wildlife Fund was __________ for an animal as its __________. 3.中国在这些年里做出了巨大的努力。 China’s government has __________ great __________ over the years. 4.随着森林变得更大，熊猫的邻居们的数量也大大增加了。 As the forests have grown __________, the panda’s __________ have also increased greatly in number. 5.保护熊猫无疑有助于整个生态系统的生存。 Protecting pandas is undoubtedly __________ to the __________ of a whole ecosystem. 一．完形填空 In September 2025, a special fireworks show named “Rising Dragon” took place in the Himalayas, a place known for its quiet, snow-capped peaks. The show 1 a 52-second “dragon” shape over the mountains—red and gold sparks (火花) twisted along the ridge (山脉), and the bright light even lit up the nearby glaciers (冰川), amazing many people who watched the live stream (直播) online. But it soon became a hot topic, as people started to 2 about its influence on nature. The organizers said they had done a lot to protect the environment. They used special powder (粉末) that could break down 3 , and claimed the fireworks’ smoke was non-toxic (无毒的). Before the show, they worked with local herders (牧民) to move sheep and yaks (牦牛) to safe spots far from the area, and put down salt bricks to 4 small wild animals away. They also brought 20 cleaners and 5 garbage trucks, planning to clean up all the waste right after the show ended. 5 , many people still felt worried. The Himalayas have a very 6 ecosystem. The grass there is only 2 to 3 centimeters thick, and it helps keep the soil from being blown away by strong winds and holds water for nearby rivers. The cold weather (often below -10℃ at night) makes it 7 for things to break down—even a piece of paper might take 2 years to rot (腐烂). So even the so-called “safe” powder might take years to disappear. What’s worse, the loud noise and bright light from the fireworks could 8 the peaceful home of animals like snow leopards (雪豹), which are shy and easily scared; some experts said the shock might make mother leopards leave their babies behind. Local herders shared their 9 online. They posted videos showing leftover plastic bags and metal pieces on the grass, and said the strong smell from the fireworks 10 for 3 days, making their yaks refuse to eat. Their animals were 11 to go back to the grassland even a week later. Soon, the local government set up a team to look into the event, checking soil quality and counting the number of scared animals. The organizers said sorry and promised to 12 the environmental damage—planting 1,000 grass seeds and hiring experts to watch the area for 6 months. This event tells us that we must 13 nature, especially in weak places. Human activities should never 14 the balance of the ecosystem. We need to think twice before doing anything that might 15 the environment—even things that seem “beautiful” could hurt the places we love. 1．A．created B．found C．drew D．saved 2．A．tell B．worry C．learn D．forget 3．A．closely B．carefully C．naturally D．quietly 4．A．let B．take C．keep D．carry 5．A．Anyway B．However C．Besides D．Therefore 6．A．strong B．weak C．large D．small 7．A．easy B．hard C．fast D．slow 8．A．provide B．build C．destroy D．reach 9．A．ideas B．worries C．stories D．hobbies 10．A．left B．played C．lasted D．walked 11．A．happy B．ready C．afraid D．excited 12．A．make B．repair C．see D．show 13．A．respect B．follow C．leave D．control 14．A．keep B．lose C．break D．hold 15．A．help B．harm C．improve D．reach 二．阅读理解 When we talk about engineers, we think of people who make machines, like cars. But are there engineers in nature? Yes! Some animals or plants can change their home in a big way. We call them ecosystem engineers. Beavers are a great example of ecosystem engineers! They use their strong teeth to bite trees until the trees fall down, then they build dams (坝) with branches and stones in the water. The dams create small lakes and wetlands. These new areas become home to fish, insects, birds and many other animals. The areas also help to keep the whole ecosystem healthy and balanced. Beavers don’t do the building work for others—they’re just building their own safe homes. But they create living spaces for other wildlife by accident. Isn’t that amazing? Plants can be engineers too. In the San Francisco Estuary, the USA, a plant called Brazilian waterweed (水草) is an important one. The leaves and stems of this waterweed can slow down the water. They can also catch tiny things. This makes the water clearer. Clearer water lets more sunlight in, so some fish can see things easily. And sunlight helps water plants grow more. These plants offer the small fish places to hide. Ecosystem engineers can have a great influence on their home. It shows how all living things in an ecosystem are connected! 16．What do we know about ecosystem engineers? A．They are dams and lakes. B．They grow trees in the water. C．They change their home in a big way. D．They can make cars in factories. 17．What is the right order according to paragraph 2? a. Beavers build dams with branches and stones.        b. Beavers bite trees with their teeth. c. Fish, insects and birds make homes there.        d. The dams create small lakes or wetlands. A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．b-a-c-d D．a-c-b-d 18．What is the structure (结构) of the text? A． B． C． D． 19．How does the writer support (支持) the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving advice. C．By asking questions. D．By giving an example. 20．What can be the best title for the text? A．Ecosystem Engineers B．Beavers and Birds C．Machines and Houses D．Brazilian Waterweed 三．语法填空 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance 21 all its members and the 22 (great) environment. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s land area. 23 they are home to around 40% of all the types of plants and animals. Plants in wetlands help get rid of 24 (pollute) and make the water clean. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. During heavy 25 (rain), wetlands store water 26 huge sponges. They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. Forests make up nearly a 27 (three) of the earth’s land area. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. They also trap 28 (harm) things in their leaves and help clean the air. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. Each of these ecosystems 29 (support) millions of plants and animals. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a 30 (good) place. 四．任务型阅读 A forest is like a football group. It sounds unusual, but it’s true. Each player does an important job, but they can’t win by themselves, so they work together. The same is true of all plants and animals in a forest. They depend on each other to live. We call this an ecosystem. There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer. The trees in the forest produce food by themselves. Giraffes themselves can’t make their own food, so they consume or eat the trees’ leaves. But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat giraffes. When animals die, their bodies become part of the soil and air to help the forest grow. So the ecosystem can keep on going. Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes. A backyard or even a big sea can be an ecosystem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced. If there weren’t animals to eat giraffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This wouldn’t be good for the trees, and this would make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Different weather and natural disasters can change the ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down the trees and hunting can also bring problems. Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an important role in our life. It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well. 注：每题答案不超过9个单词 31．How many jobs are there in an ecosystem? 32．If the crane lives mainly on small animals, what is it in an ecosystem according to Paragraph 2? 33．What’s the most important thing in an ecosystem? 34．What may cause an ecosystem to change? 35．What can we do to help protect the ecosystem? $第09讲Unit 5 A fine balance （课文知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 Unit 5 A fine balance单词及课文学习 学习重点 Unit 5 A fine balance知识解析学习 考点一 课文解读1 Understanding ideas 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 课文重点词汇1 1.drop /drɒp/ v. 降低 2.tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ n. 游客 3.ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 4.balance /ˈbæləns/ v. (使)平稳，(使)保持平衡 n. 平衡 5.smog /smɒɡ/ n. 烟雾 6.admire /ədˈmaɪə/ v. 欣赏，观赏 7.mark /mɑːk/ n. 痕迹；标记 8.farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n. 农田，耕地 9.rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 快速的，迅速的 10.society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会 11.till /tɪl/ conj. 直到 12.cancel /ˈkænsəl/ v. 取消 13.permit /pəˈmɪt/ v. 允许；使成为可能 课文对译解读1 Understanding ideas When the earth stands still In 2007, writer Alan Weisman wrote a book called The World Without Us. In the book, he showed his readers a world without humans. Let's imagine such a world. All human activities stop. Cars disappear from the roads, boats from the rivers, and planes from the skies. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. If people are gone, what would happen to the natural world? It is no surprise that animals would soon increase in number. In cities, traffic noise often means that animals cannot easily hear each other. Without humans, the noise would drop greatly as traffic stops. This allows natural sounds to fill the air. It is much easier for animals to find each other and form families. Also, tourists disappear from beaches and seas. Sea animals would not be troubled by people around them. But not only animals would enjoy the change. Ecosystems would start to balance again, too. Trees would grow freely without the need for human management. The space that people now use for farmland, roads and cities would slowly become forests again. The earth would become a greener place. Without pollution, the natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. Cleaner air and water would allow them to present all their beauty. But there wouldn't be people to admire such an amazing world. What a sad thing to think about! Throughout history, humans have left so many marks on the earth, such as roads, farmlands and buildings. The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. It's clear that we can't wait till imagination becomes reality. The world isn't a game. We can't cancel it and start over. We need to think more about how we get along with nature. Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote – let us permit nature to have her way. 翻译： 2007年，作家艾伦·韦斯曼写了一本名为《没有我们的世界》的书。在书中，他向读者展示了一个没有人类的世界。让我们想象这样一个世界。所有人类活动都停止了。汽车从道路上消失，船只从河流中消失，飞机从天空中消失。通常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园空无一人。如果人类消失了，自然世界会发生什么？ 毫无疑问，动物的数量很快就会增加。在城市里，交通噪音常常意味着动物之间不容易听到彼此。如果没有人类，随着交通停止，噪音会大大降低。这让自然的声音充满空气。动物之间更容易找到彼此并组成家庭。此外，游客从海滩和海洋中消失。海洋动物不会受到周围人们的打扰。 但不仅动物会享受这种变化。生态系统也将重新开始平衡。树木将自由生长，无需人工管理。人们现在用于农田、道路和城市的空间将慢慢变回森林。地球将变得更加绿色。 如果没有污染，那些多年来隐藏在雾霾背后的自然奇观将再次出现。更清洁的空气和水会让它们展现出所有的美丽。但是将没有人来欣赏这样一个神奇的世界。想想这是多么可悲的事情啊！ 纵观历史，人类在地球上留下了太多的痕迹，比如道路、农田和建筑。人类社会的快速发展让我们越来越不关心自然。显然，我们不能等到想象变成现实。世界不是游戏。我们不能取消它并重新开始。我们需要更多地思考如何与自然相处。也许我们应该记住蒙田曾经写下的智慧之言——让我们顺其自然吧。 考点二 课文知识解析1 1.call 称呼；叫做；电话；打电话 词汇变形： call（动词 / 名词，称呼；打电话 / 电话）→ called（过去式 / 过去分词，称呼；叫做）→ calling（现在分词，称呼；打电话） 常考短语： be called（被称为；名为）  call sb. up（给某人打电话） call for（需要；要求） 例句：This dog is called Lucky because it brings good luck.这只狗叫幸运，因为它能带来好运 2.show /ʃəʊ/ 展示；表明；节目；演出 词汇变形：show（动词 / 名词，展示；节目）→ showed（过去式 / 过去分词，展示；表明） → shown（过去分词，展示；表明）；shows（第三人称单数，展示；演出） 常考短语： show sb. sth.（向某人展示某物） show around（带领参观） on show（展出；陈列） 例句：My mom showed me her old photos from middle school.妈妈给我看了她中学时的旧照片。 3.human /ˈhjuːmən/ 人类的；人的；人类 词汇变形：human（形容词 / 名词，人类的；人类）→ humans（复数，人类） 常考短语： human activities（人类活动） human beings（人类） human nature（人性） 例句：Human beings should protect animals and plants.（人类应该保护动植物。） 4.activity /ækˈtɪvəti/ 活动；行动 词汇变形：active（形容词，活跃的；积极的）→ activity（名词，活动）→ activities（复数，活动）；actively（副词，活跃地；积极地） 常考短语： outdoor activities（户外活动） social activities（社交活动）  class activities（课堂活动） 例句：We have many interesting class activities on Fridays.（我们周五有很多有趣的课堂活动。） 5.stop /stɒp/ 停止；停下；车站；中止 词汇变形：stop（动词 / 名词，停止；车站）→ stopped（过去式 / 过去分词，停止；停下）→ stopping（现在分词，停止；停下） 常考短语： stop doing sth.（停止做某事） stop to do sth.（停下来去做某事）  come to a stop（停下；停止） 例句：He stopped watching TV to do his homework.（他停下看电视去做作业。） 6.disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ 消失；不见 词汇变形：appear（动词，出现；显现）→ disappear（动词，消失；不见）→ disappeared（过去式 / 过去分词，消失；不见）；disappearance（名词，消失；失踪） 常考短语： disappear from sight（从视线中消失） disappear without a trace（消失得无影无踪） 例句：The little bird disappeared into the forest.（那只小鸟消失在森林里。） 7.full of /fʊl əv/ 充满；装满 词汇变形：full（形容词，满的；充满的）→ fuller（比较级，更满的）→ fullest（最高级，最满的） 常考短语： be full of（充满…） full of energy（充满活力） full of hope（充满希望） 例句：The classroom is full of laughter and joy.（教室里充满了欢声笑语。） 8.remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ 保持；仍然是；剩余；留下 词汇变形：remain（动词，保持；剩余）→ remained（过去式 / 过去分词，保持；剩余）→ remaining（现在分词 / 形容词，剩余的；剩下的） 常考短语： remain silent（保持沉默） remain unchanged（保持不变） the remaining time（剩余时间） 例句：He remained silent when the teacher asked him a question.老师问他问题时，他保持沉默。 9.happen /ˈhæpən/ 发生；碰巧；出现 词汇变形：happen（动词，发生；碰巧）→ happened（过去式 / 过去分词，发生；碰巧）→ happening（现在分词，发生；正在发生的事） 常考短语： happen to do sth.（碰巧做某事） what happened（发生了什么） it happens that（碰巧；恰巧） 例句：What happened to you? You look sad.（你怎么了？你看起来不开心。） 10.natural world   自然界；自然世界 词汇变形：natural（形容词，自然的；天然的）→ nature（名词，自然；大自然）；world（名词，世界）→ worlds（复数，世界） 常考短语： the natural world（自然界） protect the natural world（保护自然界） 例句：Scientists are studying the relationship between humans and the natural world.科学家们正在研究人类与自然界的关系。 11.it is no surprise that   并不令人惊讶；不足为奇的是… 词汇变形：surprise（名词 / 动词，惊讶；使惊讶）→ surprised（形容词，感到惊讶的）→ surprising（形容词，令人惊讶的） 常考短语： it is no surprise that...（… 并不令人惊讶） to one's surprise（令某人惊讶的是） 例句：It is no surprise that she passed the exam—she studied very hard.她通过考试并不令人惊讶，她学习非常努力。 12.increase in number  数量增加；数目增长 词汇变形：increase（动词 / 名词，增加；增长）→ increased（过去式 / 过去分词，增加；增长）→ increasing（现在分词，增加的；增长的）；number（名词，数量；数目）→ numbers（复数，数量） 常考短语： increase in number（数量增加） increase by（增加了） increase to（增加到） 例句：The number of birds in this area has increased greatly.（这个地区的鸟类数量大幅增加。） 13.mean 意味着；打算；意思是；吝啬的 词汇变形：mean（动词，意味着；打算）→ meant（过去式 / 过去分词，意味着；打算）；meaning（名词，意思；含义）→ meaningful（形容词，有意义的） 常考短语： mean to do sth.（打算做某事） mean doing sth.（意味着做某事） what do you mean（你是什么意思） 例句：This new rule means that we have to arrive earlier.（这条新规定意味着我们必须更早到达。） 14.without /wɪˈðaʊt/ 没有；无；不（做某事） 常考短语：without doing sth.（没有做某事） without doubt（毫无疑问）  without permission（未经允许） 例句：He left the house without saying goodbye.（他没说再见就离开了家。） 15.drop greatly /drɒp ˈɡreɪtli/ 大幅下降；急剧减少 词汇变形：drop（动词 / 名词，下降；掉落；水滴）→ dropped（过去式 / 过去分词，下降；掉落）；great（形容词，伟大的；大大的）→ greatly（副词，大大地；非常） 常考短语 drop in temperature（气温下降） drop greatly（大幅下降） 例句：The price of this fruit has dropped greatly recently.（这种水果的价格最近大幅下降。） 16.allow /əˈlaʊ/ 允许；准许；容许 词汇变形：allow（动词，允许；准许）→ allowed（过去式 / 过去分词，允许；准许）→ allowing（现在分词，允许；准许）；allowance（名词，津贴；补贴） 常考短语： allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事） allow doing sth.（允许做某事）  be allowed to（被允许） 例句：The teacher doesn't allow students to use phones in class.老师不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。 17.natural sounds /ˈnætʃrəl saʊndz/ 自然声音；天籁之音 词汇变形：natural（形容词，自然的；天然的）→ nature（名词，自然）；sound（名词，声音；声响）→ sounds（复数，声音） 常考短语： natural sounds（自然声音） the sound of birds（鸟鸣声） 例句：We can hear natural sounds like wind and rain in the forest.在森林里，我们能听到风声、雨声等自然声音。 18.fill the air /fɪl ði eə(r)/ 弥漫在空气中；充斥着空气 词汇变形：fill（动词，充满；装满）→ filled（过去式 / 过去分词，充满；装满）→ filling（现在分词，充满；填充）；air（名词，空气；大气） 常考短语： fill the air with（空气中弥漫着…） smoke fills the air（空气中弥漫着烟雾） 例句：The smell of flowers fills the air in spring.（春天，空气中弥漫着花香。） 19.tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ 游客；旅行者 词汇变形：tour（名词 / 动词，旅行；旅游）→ tourist（名词，游客；旅行者）→ tourists（复数，游客们）；tourism（名词，旅游业） 常考短语： foreign tourists（外国游客） tourist attractions（旅游景点） 例句：This city attracts thousands of tourists every year.这座城市每年吸引成千上万的游客。 20.trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ 麻烦；困难；困扰；打扰 词汇变形：trouble（名词 / 动词，麻烦；困扰）→ troubled（过去式 / 过去分词，麻烦；困扰）；troublesome（形容词，麻烦的；令人烦恼的） 常考短语： get into trouble（陷入麻烦） have trouble doing sth.（做某事有困难） ask for trouble（自找麻烦） 例句：He had trouble solving this math problem.他解决这道数学题有困难。 21.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险；风险​ 词汇变形：danger（名词）→ dangerous（形容词，危险的）；endanger（动词，危及，呼应第 45 个词）​ 常考短语：in danger（处于危险中） out of danger（脱离危险） a danger to（对… 的威胁）​ 例句：Cutting down too many trees puts wildlife in danger.砍伐过多树木使野生动物陷入危险。 22.can't wait  迫不及待；等不及​ 词汇变形：can（情态动词，不能单独变形）；wait（动词，等待）→ waited（过去式 / 过去分词）​ 常考短语： can't wait to do sth.（迫不及待做某事） can't wait for sth.（等不及某物）​ 例句：I can't wait to visit the natural wonders in Yunnan.我迫不及待要去参观云南的自然奇观。​ 23.permit /pəˈmɪt/（动词） /ˈpɜːmɪt/（名词）动词（允许；许可）；名词（许可证；执照）​ 词汇变形：permit（动 / 名原形）→ permitted（过去式 / 过去分词）→ permitting（现在分词）；permission（名词，允许，常用）​ 常考短语： permit sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事） a driving permit（驾驶执照） ask for permission（请求许可）​ 例句：动词：The teacher doesn't permit us to cut down trees in the park.老师不允许我们在公园里砍树。 名词：You need a special permit to enter the protected area.进入保护区需要特殊许可证。 【即学即练】 一、单选题。 1.Many outdoor ______ have to be called off because of the heavy rain. A. activities B. tourists C. ecosystems D. natural wonders 【答案】A 【解析】句意“因大雨，许多户外______不得不取消”。A “活动” 符合语境；B “游客”、C “生态系统”、D “自然奇观” 均逻辑不通。考点：名词词义辨析。 2.All the machines suddenly ______ working when the power went out. A. disappeared B. stopped C. dropped greatly D. remained 【答案】B 【解析】句意“停电时所有机器突然______运转”。stop doing sth. 表示 “停止做某事”，符合语境；A “消失”、C “大幅下降”、D “保持” 均不搭配 “working”。考点：动词词义及固定搭配。 3.The old building has ______ for hundreds of years, witnessing the changes of the city. A. remained B. happened C. cancelled D. troubled 【答案】A 【解析】句意“这座老建筑已______数百年，见证了城市的变迁”。A“留存；保持” 符合语境；B “发生”、C “取消”、D “困扰” 均逻辑不符。考点：动词词义辨析。 4.After the storm, many beautiful shells ______ on the ______. A. dropped greatly; ecosystems B. remained; beaches C. disappeared; tourists D. is full of; natural wonders 【答案】B 【解析】句意“暴风雨后，许多美丽的贝壳______在______上”。第一空用 “remained（留存）”，第二空 “beaches（海滩）” 为贝壳的合理存放地；A“大幅下降；生态系统”、C“消失；游客”、D“充满；自然奇观” 均搭配不当。考点：名词与动词的逻辑搭配。 5.The national park ______ amazing lakes and waterfalls. A. stopped B. is full of C. permitted D. cut down 【答案】B 【解析】句意“这个国家公园______迷人的湖泊和瀑布”。is full of 表示 “充满”，符合语境；A “停止”、C “允许”、D “砍伐” 均语义不符。考点：固定短语用法。 6.Many rare birds have ______ because their living places are destroyed. A. disappeared B. happened C. remained D. troubled 【答案】A 【解析】句意“许多珍稀鸟类已经______，因为它们的栖息地被破坏了”。A “消失” 符合语境；B “发生”、C “留存”、D “困扰” 均逻辑不通。考点：动词词义辨析。 7.We ______ visit the new zoo, as we have heard a lot of good things about it. A. can't wait to B. dropped greatly C. cut down D. cancelled 【答案】A 【解析】句意“我们______参观新动物园，因为我们听说了很多关于它的好消息”。can't wait to do sth. 表示 “迫不及待做某事”，为固定用法；B “大幅下降”、C “砍伐”、D “取消” 均语义不符。考点：固定句型。 8.The sports meeting was ______ because of the bad weather. A. permitted B. troubled C. canceled D. remained 【答案】C 【解析】句意“运动会因恶劣天气被______”。C “取消”（cancel 的过去分词，被动语态）符合语境；A “允许”、B “困扰”、D “保持” 均逻辑不符。考点：动词词义及被动语态。 10.What ______ to you yesterday? You looked so upset. A. remained B. happened C. disappeared D. stopped 【答案】B 【解析】句意“你昨天______什么事？你看起来很沮丧”。happen to sb. 表示 “某人发生某事”，为固定搭配；A “保持”、C “消失”、D “停止” 均不搭配 “to you”。考点：固定短语用法。 二．选词填空 disappear from ，drop greatly ，be troubled by ，take back，care less for 1.If humans are gone, cars would __________ the roads, boats from the rivers, and planes from the skies. 2.Without human traffic, the noise would __________, and animals could hear each other more easily. 3.Sea animals would not __________ people around them. 4. Forests would __________ the space that humans now live in. 5.The rapid development of human society has made us __________ nature. 【答案】1. disappear from 2. drop greatly 3. be troubled by 4. take back 5. care less for 三．根据课文内容，用正确的词汇完成句子。 1. 在《没有我们的世界》一书中，他向读者展示了一个没有人类的世界。 In the book, he showed his readers a __________ without __________. 2. 没有人类，动物数量很快就会增加。 Without humans, animals would soon __________ in __________. 3. 被雾霾掩盖多年的自然奇观会再次出现。 The natural wonders which have been hidden behind __________ for years would __________ again. 4. 人类社会的快速发展使我们不那么关心自然了。 The rapid __________ of human society has made us __________ less for nature. 5. 也许我们应该记住蒙田曾经说过的话：“让自然走自己的路。” Perhaps we should __________ the wise __________ which Montaigne once wrote – “Let us __________ nature to have her way.” 【答案】1.world; humans 2. increase; number 3. smog; appear 4. development; care 5. remember; words; permit 考点三 课文解读2 Reading for writing 课文重点词汇2 1.foreigner /ˈfɒrɪnə/ n. 外国人 2.logo /ˈləʊɡəʊ/ n. 标识，标志，徽标 3.endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的，濒于灭绝的 4.vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj. 脆弱的；易受伤的 5.worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ adv. 世界各地 6.protection /prəˈtekʃən/ n. 保护 7.environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 自然环境的 8.population /ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃən/ n. 人口；动植物的总数 9.undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ adv. 毫无疑问地，确定无疑地 10.survival /səˈvaɪvəl/ n. 继续生存；幸存 – 课文对译解读2 Saving pandas: efforts and hopes 原文： The panda is a Chinese national treasure, and has become popular around the world. Some foreigners even believe that pandas are kept as pets in China! Sadly, perhaps, this isn't true. And certainly there are not enough pandas for many people to have one as a pet. In fact, back in the 1970s, there were only around 1,000 of these lovely animals in the wild. In 1961, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was looking for an animal as its logo. The panda was chosen because it is "an animal that is beautiful, endangered and is one loved by many people in the world". But in the year 2016, there came some fantastic news – the panda was moved from "endangered" to "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. How did this happen? China's government has done a great deal over the years. The Giant Panda National Park and 67 protected areas have been set up. The Giant Panda National Park is three times as large as Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Research centres have also been set up, in which over 460 pandas have been born. Increased education among the local people has also played an important role. With a better understanding of environmental protection, farmers have returned part of their farmland to the forests. They plant trees and bamboo to provide pandas with more space and food. The panda is not the only animal to benefit from these actions. The forests that they live in are also home to many other animals and plants. As the forests have grown larger, the panda's neighbours have also increased greatly in population. Protecting pandas is undoubtedly helpful to the survival of a whole ecosystem. 熊猫是中国的国宝，在世界各地都很受欢迎。有些外国人甚至认为在中国熊猫被当作宠物饲养！遗憾的是，事实并非如此。而且当然没有足够的熊猫让很多人养一只当宠物。事实上，早在20世纪70年代，野外只有大约1000只这种可爱的动物。1961年，世界自然基金会在寻找一种动物作为其标志。熊猫被选中，因为它“是一种美丽的、濒危的、被世界上许多人喜爱的动物”。 但在2016年，传来了一些好消息——在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录上，熊猫从“濒危”物种被移到了“易危”物种。这是怎么发生的呢？ 多年来，中国政府做了大量的工作。大熊猫国家公园和67个保护区已经建立起来。大熊猫国家公园的面积是美国黄石国家公园的三倍。多家研究中心也已经建立起来，成功繁育了460多只熊猫。 当地人民受教育程度的提高也发挥了重要作用。随着对环境保 server想更好理解，农民将部分农田归还给森林。他们种植树木和竹子，为熊猫提供更多的空间和食物。 熊猫并不是唯一从这些行动中受益的动物。它们生活的森林也是许多其他动植物的家园。随着森林面积的扩大，熊猫的“邻居们”的数量也大大增加了。保护熊猫无疑有助于整个生态系统的生存。 考点四 课文知识解析2 1.enough /ɪˈnʌf/ 足够的；足够地；足够 词汇变形：enough（形容词 / 副词 / 代词，足够的；足够地；足够） 常考短语：enough for sb. to do sth.（足够某人做某事） have enough time（有足够的时间） adj.+enough（足够…） 例句：Is there enough food for everyone to eat?有足够的食物让每个人都吃吗？ 2.endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ 濒临灭绝的；有灭绝危险的 词汇变形：endanger（动词，危及；使濒危）→ endangered（形容词，濒临灭绝的）→ endangerment（名词） 常考短语： endangered species（濒危物种） an endangered animal（濒危动物） 例句：We must take action to protect endangered plants and animals.我们必须采取行动保护濒危动植物。 3.vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ 易受伤害的；易危的 词汇变形：vulnerable（形容词，易受伤害的；易危的）→ vulnerability（名词）；more vulnerable（比较级）→ most vulnerable（最高级） 常考短语： vulnerable species（易危物种） be vulnerable to（易受… 影响） 例句：Young birds are vulnerable to bad weather and predators.幼鸟易受恶劣天气和捕食者的影响。 4.as of now   截至目前；到现在为止 词汇变形：as（介词，作为；如同）；now（副词，现在） 常考短语： as of now（截至目前） up to now（至今，同义替换） 例句：As of now, more than 500 people have signed up for the activity.截至目前，已有超过 500 人报名参加这项活动。 5.make great efforts   付出巨大努力；努力 词汇变形：effort（名词，努力）→ efforts（复数）；make（动词）→ made（过去式 / 过去分词） 常考短语： make great efforts to do sth.（努力做某事） spare no efforts（不遗余力） 例句：She made great efforts to improve her English and finally succeeded.她努力提高英语水平，最终成功了。 6.increased education  更多的教育；教育的普及 词汇变形：increase（动词 / 名词，增加）→ increased（过去式 / 过去 分词；形容词，增加的）；educate（动词，教育）→ education（名词，教育）；educational（形容词） 常考短语： increased education（教育的普及；加强的教育） higher education（高等教育） 例句：Increased education has helped improve people's living standards.教育的普及有助于提高人们的生活水平。 7.play an important role  发挥重要作用；扮演重要角色 词汇变形：play（动词，扮演；发挥）→ played（过去式 / 过去分词）； role（名词，角色；作用）→ roles（复数） 常考短语： play an important role in（在… 中发挥重要作用）  play a key role（发挥关键作用） 例句：Technology plays an important role in modern society.技术在现代社会中发挥着重要作用。 8.understanding of   对… 的理解；了解 词汇变形：understand（动词，理解）→ understood（过去式 / 过去分词）→ understanding（名词，理解；形容词，善解人意的） 常考短语： a better understanding of（对… 更深入的理解） have a good understanding of（对… 有很好的理解） 例句：Reading more books can help us gain a better understanding of the world.多读书能帮助我们更好地了解世界。 9.provide...with... 为… 提供… 词汇变形：provide（动词，提供）→ provided（过去式 / 过去分词）→ providing（现在分词） 常考短语： provide sb./sth. with sth.（为某人 / 某物提供某物） provide sth. for sb./sth.（为某人 / 某物提供某物） 例句：The company provides its employees with good working conditions.这家公司为员工提供良好的工作环境。 10.benefit from  从… 中受益；得益于… 词汇变形：benefit（动词，受益；名词，益处）→ benefited/benefitted （过去式/ 过去分词）→ benefiting/benefitting（现在分词）；beneficial（形容词，有益的） 常考短语： benefit from sth.（从某物中受益） be beneficial to（对… 有益） 例句：Students can benefit a lot from reading classic works.学生们能从阅读经典作品中受益匪浅。 11.undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ 无疑地；毫无疑问地 词汇变形：doubt（动词 / 名词，怀疑）→ undoubted（形容词，无疑的） → undoubtedly（副词，无疑地）；undoubtedly（同义替换：without doubt） 常考短语：undoubtedly（无疑地，用于句首 / 句中） 例句：Undoubtedly, this project will bring great benefits to the local people.无疑，这个项目将为当地民众带来巨大益处。 12.survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 生存；存活；存续 词汇变形：survive（动词，生存；幸存）→ survival（名词，生存；幸存）；survivor（名词，幸存者）；survivable（形容词，可生存的） 常考短语：the survival of（… 的存续 / 生存） fight for survival（为生存而战） 例句：The survival of these rare species depends on our protection.这些珍稀物种的生存取决于我们的保护。 【即学即练】 一．单项选择 1.Local people ______ in protecting the wetland, as they know it’s important for their life. A. play an important role    B. make great efforts C. take actions             D. benefit from 【答案】A 【解析】① 答案依据：语境 “当地人在保护湿地中______，因为他们知道这对自己的生活很重要”，A “起重要作用” 符合语义；② 词汇用法：play an important role in (doing) sth. 为固定短语，“在…… 中起重要作用”；③ 语法考点：动词短语的固定搭配；④ 干扰项排除：B “努力”（需加 to do，如 make great efforts to protect）；C “采取行动”（需加 to do，如 take actions to protect）；D“从…… 受益” 语义与 “主动保护” 不符。 2.The local government decided to ______ more nature reserves to protect wild animals. A. set up B. return to C. provide with D. benefit from 【答案】A 【解析】① 答案依据：语境 “当地政府决定______更多自然保护区来保护野生动物”，A “建立” 符合 “新建保护区” 的动作；② 词汇用法：set up 为动词短语，“建立；设立”，后接名词作宾语；③ 语法考点：动词短语的语义及搭配辨析；④ 干扰项排除：B “返回”（需接地点，如 return to the park）、C“为…… 提供”（需加宾语，如 provide animals with food）、D“从…… 受益” 语义逻辑颠倒。 3.______ , more than 1000 pandas have been protected in the nature reserves. A. As of now B. Sadly C. Wildly D. Enough 【答案】A 【解析】① 答案依据：语境 “，已有 1000 多只熊猫在自然保护区得到保护”，A “到目前为止” 与现在完成时（have been protected）搭配；② 词汇用法：as of now 为介词短语，“到目前为止”，常用于现在完成时开头；③ 语法考点：介词短语与时态的搭配；④ 干扰项排除：B “难过地” 语义矛盾；C “疯狂地”、D “足够地” 无法修饰现在完成时的语境。 4.Scientists ______ to save the endangered pandas by setting up protected areas. A. make great efforts B. take actions C. set up D. benefit from 【答案】A 【解析】① 答案依据：语境 “科学家们______通过建立保护区来拯救濒危熊猫”，A “付出巨大努力” 符合语义；② 词汇用法：make great efforts to do sth. 为固定短语，“努力做某事”；③ 语法考点：动词短语的固定搭配及语义辨析；④ 干扰项排除：B “采取行动” 需加介词（take actions to do），此处缺少 to；C “建立”（宾语应为具体事物，如保护区）、D“从…… 受益” 语义逻辑颠倒。 5.Young animals are more ______ than adults because they can’t defend themselves well. A. celebrated B. endangered C. vulnerable D. enough 【答案】C 【解析】① 答案依据：语境 “幼崽比成年动物更______，因为它们无法很好地保护自己”，C “脆弱的” 符合 “缺乏自保能力” 的特征；② 词汇用法：vulnerable 为形容词，“脆弱的；易受伤害的”，常用搭配 be vulnerable to（易受…… 影响）；③ 语法考点：形容词的语义辨析；④ 干扰项排除：A “著名的”、B “濒危的”（侧重物种整体状态）、D “足够的” 均与 “幼崽自保能力弱” 的语境不符。 6.The boy is ______ old ______ to take care of his little sister when his parents are out. A. enough; wildly B. wildly; enough C. enough; sadly D. old; enough 【答案】D 【解析】① 答案依据：固定结构 “adj. + enough to do sth.”（足够…… 能做某事），语境 “男孩足够大，父母外出时能照顾妹妹”；② 词汇用法：enough 作副词时，需置于形容词 / 副词之后，修饰形容词 old；③ 语法考点：enough 的固定搭配及位置；④ 干扰项排除：A、B、C 均违反 “enough 后置” 规则，且语义搭配混乱。 二．选词填空 a national treasure ,from endangered to vulnerable ,made great efforts ,set up research centres ,played an important role 1. The panda is __________ of China and has become popular around the world. 2. In 2016, the panda was moved __________ on the IUCN Red List. 3. China’s government has __________ over the years to protect pandas. 4. The government has also __________ in which over 460 pandas have been born. 5. Increased education among local people __________ in panda protection. 【答案】1. a national treasure 2. from endangered to vulnerable 3. made great efforts 4. set up research centres 5. played an important role 三．根据课文内容，用正确的词汇完成句子。 1.熊猫是中国国宝，已经在世界各地广受欢迎。 The panda is a Chinese __________, and has become __________ around the world. 2.世界自然基金会寻找一种动物作为其标志。 The World Wildlife Fund was __________ for an animal as its __________. 3.中国在这些年里做出了巨大的努力。 China’s government has __________ great __________ over the years. 4.随着森林变得更大，熊猫的邻居们的数量也大大增加了。 As the forests have grown __________, the panda’s __________ have also increased greatly in number. 5.保护熊猫无疑有助于整个生态系统的生存。 Protecting pandas is undoubtedly __________ to the __________ of a whole ecosystem. 【答案】1. treasure; popular 2. looking; logo 3. made; efforts 4. larger; neighbours 5. helpful; survival 一．完形填空 In September 2025, a special fireworks show named “Rising Dragon” took place in the Himalayas, a place known for its quiet, snow-capped peaks. The show 1 a 52-second “dragon” shape over the mountains—red and gold sparks (火花) twisted along the ridge (山脉), and the bright light even lit up the nearby glaciers (冰川), amazing many people who watched the live stream (直播) online. But it soon became a hot topic, as people started to 2 about its influence on nature. The organizers said they had done a lot to protect the environment. They used special powder (粉末) that could break down 3 , and claimed the fireworks’ smoke was non-toxic (无毒的). Before the show, they worked with local herders (牧民) to move sheep and yaks (牦牛) to safe spots far from the area, and put down salt bricks to 4 small wild animals away. They also brought 20 cleaners and 5 garbage trucks, planning to clean up all the waste right after the show ended. 5 , many people still felt worried. The Himalayas have a very 6 ecosystem. The grass there is only 2 to 3 centimeters thick, and it helps keep the soil from being blown away by strong winds and holds water for nearby rivers. The cold weather (often below -10℃ at night) makes it 7 for things to break down—even a piece of paper might take 2 years to rot (腐烂). So even the so-called “safe” powder might take years to disappear. What’s worse, the loud noise and bright light from the fireworks could 8 the peaceful home of animals like snow leopards (雪豹), which are shy and easily scared; some experts said the shock might make mother leopards leave their babies behind. Local herders shared their 9 online. They posted videos showing leftover plastic bags and metal pieces on the grass, and said the strong smell from the fireworks 10 for 3 days, making their yaks refuse to eat. Their animals were 11 to go back to the grassland even a week later. Soon, the local government set up a team to look into the event, checking soil quality and counting the number of scared animals. The organizers said sorry and promised to 12 the environmental damage—planting 1,000 grass seeds and hiring experts to watch the area for 6 months. This event tells us that we must 13 nature, especially in weak places. Human activities should never 14 the balance of the ecosystem. We need to think twice before doing anything that might 15 the environment—even things that seem “beautiful” could hurt the places we love. 1．A．created B．found C．drew D．saved 2．A．tell B．worry C．learn D．forget 3．A．closely B．carefully C．naturally D．quietly 4．A．let B．take C．keep D．carry 5．A．Anyway B．However C．Besides D．Therefore 6．A．strong B．weak C．large D．small 7．A．easy B．hard C．fast D．slow 8．A．provide B．build C．destroy D．reach 9．A．ideas B．worries C．stories D．hobbies 10．A．left B．played C．lasted D．walked 11．A．happy B．ready C．afraid D．excited 12．A．make B．repair C．see D．show 13．A．respect B．follow C．leave D．control 14．A．keep B．lose C．break D．hold 15．A．help B．harm C．improve D．reach 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文讲述了2025年喜马拉雅山的一场烟花秀因可能破坏当地脆弱的生态环境而引发争议，强调了在生态脆弱地区，人类活动需谨慎，尊重自然、维护生态平衡的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：这场表演在山上创造出了一条52秒的“龙”形状——红色和金色的火花沿着山脊飞舞。 根据后文火花、光影呈现龙形画面的语境，create“创造；呈现” 符合。find“发现”、draw“绘画”、save“拯救”均无法匹配烟花造型的表达。 2．句意：但它很快成为热点，因为人们开始担心它对自然的影响。 根据上文及后文对环保影响的讨论，可知人们是开始“担忧”。worry about为固定搭配。tell about“讲述”；learn about“了解”；forget about“忘记”，均不符合热点引发的情绪 3．句意：他们使用了可以自然分解的特殊粉末。 空后提到粉末无毒，且下文讨论其分解速度，此处指粉末能“自然”降解。naturally符合语境。closely“仔细地”；carefully“小心地”；quietly“安静地”，与分解方式无关。 4．句意：他们放下盐砖来让小野生动物远离。 根据上文“move sheep...to safe spots”可知此举是为了驱赶动物，keep...away为固定搭配，意为“使……远离”。let...away不常用；take/carry away侧重“带走”，与放置盐砖的驱赶方式不符。 5．句意：然而，许多人仍然感到担忧。 上文描述了组织者的环保措施，后文指出人们仍担忧，语义转折。However符合。Anyway“无论如何”；Besides“此外”；Therefore“因此”，均不表示转折。 6．句意：喜马拉雅山有一个非常脆弱的生态系统。 下文提到草皮薄、天气冷、分解慢，都是在描述生态系统的“脆弱”。weak符合。strong“强壮的”；large“大的”；small“小的”，均不贴合下文对易受破坏的描述。 7．句意：寒冷的天气使得事物难以分解。 空后举例“一张纸可能需要两年腐烂”，说明分解很“难”。hard符合。easy“容易的”；fast“快速的”；slow“缓慢的”虽与分解速度相关，但此处强调难度。 8．句意：巨大的噪音和明亮的灯光可能破坏雪豹等动物宁静的家园。 根据后文惊扰动物、母豹弃崽的危害描述，destroy“破坏”符合。provide“提供”；build“建造”；reach“到达”，均与语境相反。 9．句意：当地牧民在网上分享了他们的担忧。 下文他们发视频描述烟花残留物和异味，表达的是“担忧”。worries符合。ideas“想法”；stories“故事”；hobbies“爱好”，均未体现其忧虑情绪。 10．句意：他们说烟花的强烈气味持续了三天。 根据空后“for 3 days”，表示时间持续，用lasted。left“离开”；played“玩耍”；walked“走路”，均不符合。 11．句意：即使一周后，他们的动物仍然害怕回到草地上。 动物因受惊吓而“害怕”。afraid符合。happy“开心的”；ready“准备好的”；excited“兴奋的”，均与语境矛盾。 12．句意：组织者道歉并承诺修复环境损害。 后文“planting 1,000 grass seeds...”是修复措施，repair符合。make“制造”；see“看见”；show“展示”，均不匹配。 13．句意：这件事告诉我们，我们必须尊重自然。 全文围绕人类活动对自然环境的影响，结论是应“尊重”自然。respect符合。follow“跟随”；leave“离开”；control“控制”，不如“尊重”符合保护生态的语境。 14．句意：人类活动绝不应该打破生态系统的平衡。 固定搭配break the balance，意为“打破平衡”。keep“保持”与句意相反；lose“失去”；hold“保持”，不合搭配。 15．句意：在做任何可能伤害环境的事情之前，我们需要三思。 根据上文对烟花造成环境影响的描述，这里指可能“伤害”环境。harm符合。help“帮助”；improve“改善”；reach“达到”，均与文意不符。 二．阅读理解 When we talk about engineers, we think of people who make machines, like cars. But are there engineers in nature? Yes! Some animals or plants can change their home in a big way. We call them ecosystem engineers. Beavers are a great example of ecosystem engineers! They use their strong teeth to bite trees until the trees fall down, then they build dams (坝) with branches and stones in the water. The dams create small lakes and wetlands. These new areas become home to fish, insects, birds and many other animals. The areas also help to keep the whole ecosystem healthy and balanced. Beavers don’t do the building work for others—they’re just building their own safe homes. But they create living spaces for other wildlife by accident. Isn’t that amazing? Plants can be engineers too. In the San Francisco Estuary, the USA, a plant called Brazilian waterweed (水草) is an important one. The leaves and stems of this waterweed can slow down the water. They can also catch tiny things. This makes the water clearer. Clearer water lets more sunlight in, so some fish can see things easily. And sunlight helps water plants grow more. These plants offer the small fish places to hide. Ecosystem engineers can have a great influence on their home. It shows how all living things in an ecosystem are connected! 16．What do we know about ecosystem engineers? A．They are dams and lakes. B．They grow trees in the water. C．They change their home in a big way. D．They can make cars in factories. 17．What is the right order according to paragraph 2? a. Beavers build dams with branches and stones.        b. Beavers bite trees with their teeth. c. Fish, insects and birds make homes there.        d. The dams create small lakes or wetlands. A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．b-a-c-d D．a-c-b-d 18．What is the structure (结构) of the text? A． B． C． D． 19．How does the writer support (支持) the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving advice. C．By asking questions. D．By giving an example. 20．What can be the best title for the text? A．Ecosystem Engineers B．Beavers and Birds C．Machines and Houses D．Brazilian Waterweed 【答案】16．C 17．B 18．B 19．D 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生态系统工程师这一概念，通过海狸和巴西水草的例子，说明了生态系统工程师对生态系统有着重要影响，展现了生态系统中所有生物之间的联系。 【详解】16．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some animals or plants can change their home in a big way. We call them ecosystem engineers.”可知，生态系统工程师能极大地改变它们的家园。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“They use their strong teeth to bite trees until the trees down, then they build dams (坝) with branches and stones in the water. The dams create small lakes and wetlands. These new areas become home to fish, insects, birds and many other animals.”可知，先是海狸用牙齿咬树，然后用树枝建水坝，水坝形成小湖泊或湿地，最后鱼、昆虫和鸟类在那里安家，正确顺序是b-a-d-c。故选B。 18．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出生态系统工程师这一概念；第二、三段分别通过海狸和巴西水草的例子来阐述生态系统工程师；第四段总结生态系统工程师对家园有重大影响，展现了生态系统中生物之间的联系。所以文章结构是①/②③/④。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据第三段“In the San Francisco Estuary, the USA, a plant called Brazilian waterweed (海藻) is an important one.”可知，作者通过给出巴西水草这个例子来支持第三段的主要观点，即植物也可以是生态系统工程师。故选D。 20．最佳标题题。文章围绕生态系统工程师展开，介绍了其概念、例子以及影响，所以最佳标题是“Ecosystem Engineers”。故选A。 三．语法填空 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance 21 all its members and the 22 (great) environment. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s land area. 23 they are home to around 40% of all the types of plants and animals. Plants in wetlands help get rid of 24 (pollute) and make the water clean. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. During heavy 25 (rain), wetlands store water 26 huge sponges. They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. Forests make up nearly a 27 (three) of the earth’s land area. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. They also trap 28 (harm) things in their leaves and help clean the air. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. Each of these ecosystems 29 (support) millions of plants and animals. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a 30 (good) place. 【答案】21．between 22．greater 23．But 24．pollution 25．rain 26．like 27．third 28．harmful 29．supports 30．better 【导语】本文讲述了生态系统包含区域内所有生物与非生物要素，介绍了湿地、森林等不同生态系统的作用，说明它们维持着成员与环境的平衡，让地球保持健康、让世界更美好。 【详解】21．句意：每个生态系统都扮演着角色，帮助保持其所有成员和更大环境之间的平衡。固定搭配“keep the balance between...and...”，意为“保持……和……之间的平衡”，表示两者之间的关系。 22．句意：每个生态系统都扮演着角色，帮助保持其所有成员和更大环境之间的平衡。括号内所给词为great，结合上下文需用形容词比较级，表示“更大的环境”，与“所有成员”形成对比，强调环境的范围更大。 23．句意：湿地仅占地球陆地面积的约6%，但它们是约40%的动植物种类的家园。前半句说明湿地面积小，后半句说明其对动植物的重要性，前后为转折关系，需用转折连词but，句首首字母大写。 24．句意：湿地中的植物有助于清除污染并使水变干净。 get rid of后需接名词作宾语， pollute的名词形式为pollution（不可数名词）。 25．句意：在大雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 heavy修饰名词，rain作“雨水”讲时为不可数名词，此处表示“大雨期间”，用原形即可。 26．句意：在大雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 固定搭配“act like...”，意为“像……一样运作/起作用”，表示湿地储存水的方式像海绵。 27．句意：森林约占地球陆地面积的三分之一。表示分数时，分母用序数词，a third表示“三分之一”，为分数表达法“a+序数词”，three的序数词为third。 28．句意：它们还在叶子中捕获有害物质并帮助净化空气。此处需用形容词修饰名词things，harm的形容词形式为harmful（有害的）。 29．句意：这些生态系统中的每一个都支撑着数百万的动植物。主语Each of these ecosystems为单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式supports。 30．句意：它们保持地球健康，并使我们的世界成为一个更好的地方。结合上下文，此处暗含与之前状态的比较，即“使世界变得更美好”，需用形容词比较级better（更好的）。 四．任务型阅读 A forest is like a football group. It sounds unusual, but it’s true. Each player does an important job, but they can’t win by themselves, so they work together. The same is true of all plants and animals in a forest. They depend on each other to live. We call this an ecosystem. There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer. The trees in the forest produce food by themselves. Giraffes themselves can’t make their own food, so they consume or eat the trees’ leaves. But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat giraffes. When animals die, their bodies become part of the soil and air to help the forest grow. So the ecosystem can keep on going. Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes. A backyard or even a big sea can be an ecosystem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced. If there weren’t animals to eat giraffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This wouldn’t be good for the trees, and this would make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Different weather and natural disasters can change the ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down the trees and hunting can also bring problems. Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an important role in our life. It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well. 注：每题答案不超过9个单词 31．How many jobs are there in an ecosystem? 32．If the crane lives mainly on small animals, what is it in an ecosystem according to Paragraph 2? 33．What’s the most important thing in an ecosystem? 34．What may cause an ecosystem to change? 35．What can we do to help protect the ecosystem? 【答案】31．There are three jobs in an ecosystem. 32．A consumer. 33．An ecosystem has to be balanced. 34．Different weather, natural disasters and human activities. 35．Do what we can to keep them working well. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了生态系统中的三种工作：生产者、消费者和分解者。生态系统无处不在，并且重要，我们有必要尽我们所能保持生态系统正常运转。 31．根据“There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer.”可知，生态系统中有三种工作。故填There are three jobs in an ecosystem. 32．根据“There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer.”及“Giraffes themselves can’t make their own food, so they consume or eat the trees’ leaves.”可知，生态系统中有三种工作。长颈鹿不能制造自己的食物，以树叶为食；鹤主要以小动物为食物，二者扮演着消费者的角色。故填A consumer. 33．根据“The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced.”可知，生态系统中最关键的是平衡。故填An ecosystem has to be balanced. 34．根据“Different weather and natural disasters can change the ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down the trees and hunting can also bring problems.”可知，不同的天气和自然灾害会影响生态系统，像砍伐树木和捕猎这样的人类活动也会带来问题。故填Different weather, natural disasters and human activities. 35．根据“It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.”可知，我们可以尽我们所能保持生态系统正常运转。故填Do what we can to keep them working well. $