第51-55天 多重复合句 2 讲义-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦多重复合句与特殊句式综合考点，按“连接词嵌套→分隔结构→真题应用→题型专项”逻辑层次展开，通过核心词汇梳理、句子解剖、语法精讲、翻译技巧指导及2020-2022年全国卷真题训练，帮助学生构建长难句分析框架，突破理解难点。 讲义创新采用树形结构解剖句式、口诀法强化记忆（如“主谓分隔先跳插入找谓语”），突出语言能力与思维品质培养，设计“括号法分析分隔结构”“only to do与-ing结果状语对比”等活动，分层设置难度梯度，配套知识点卡片，助力学生高效掌握长难句解题策略，为教师提供系统复习路径，提升复习精准度。

高考英语长难句60天打卡计划 第51-55天 多重复合句2 + 特殊句式综合 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 51：含有多个连接词的长难句 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第11句：多个连接词连接多个分句 No.11 | 难度系数：★★★★☆ | 来源：2021年新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The researchers discovered that although the drug was effective in treating the symptoms of the disease, it also produced a number of side effects that were so severe that many patients chose to discontinue the treatment despite the potential benefits it offered. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ v. v. 发现，发觉。**discover** that... 发现……；**discovery** n. 发现。例：Scientists **discovered** that the drug had unexpected side effects. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ （见搭配） adj. 有效的。be **effective** in doing sth. 做某事有效；**effective** treatment 有效治疗；**effectively** adv. 有效地。例：The new drug is highly **effective** in treating the disease. symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ n. n. 症状。**symptoms** of ……的症状；show **symptoms** of 表现出……的症状。例：The **symptoms** of the disease include fever and cough. side effect /saɪd ɪˈfekt/ n. n. 副作用。produce **side effects** 产生副作用；serious **side effects** 严重的副作用。例：Some patients experienced serious **side effects**. severe /sɪˈvɪə/ （见搭配） adj. 严重的，剧烈的。**severe** side effects 严重的副作用；**severe** pain 剧痛；**severely** adv. 严重地。例：The patient suffered from **severe** headaches. discontinue /ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjuː/ v. v. 中止，停止。**discontinue** the treatment 停止治疗；**discontinue** use 停止使用。例：Many patients chose to **discontinue** the treatment. despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ （见搭配） prep. 尽管，虽然。**despite** + n. 尽管……；**despite** the fact that... 尽管……的事实；in **spite of** 尽管（= despite）。例：**Despite** the risks, many patients continued the treatment. potential /pəˈtenʃl/ （见搭配） adj./n. 潜在的；潜力。**potential** benefits 潜在益处；**potential** risks 潜在风险；**potentially** adv. 潜在地。例：The drug has **potential** benefits but also serious risks. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): The researchers discovered that ... │ ├── 主语: The researchers │ ├── 谓语: discovered │ │ │ └── 宾语从句 (Object Clause): that although the drug was effective ..., it also produced a number of side effects ... │ │ │ ├── 连接词: that │ │ │ ├── 让步状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Concession): although the drug was effective in treating the symptoms of the disease │ │ ├── 连接词: although（虽然） │ │ ├── 主语: the drug │ │ ├── 系动词: was │ │ └── 表语: effective in treating the symptoms of the disease │ │ │ ├── 主句部分: it also produced a number of side effects │ │ ├── 主语: it（指代the drug） │ │ ├── 谓语: produced │ │ └── 宾语: a number of side effects │ │ └── 定语从句: that were so severe that many patients chose to discontinue the treatment despite the potential benefits it offered │ │ │ │ │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代side effects，在从句中作主语） │ │ ├── 系动词: were │ │ ├── 表语: so severe │ │ │ │ │ └── 结果状语从句: that many patients chose to discontinue the treatment despite the potential benefits (that) it offered │ │ ├── 连接词: that（与so构成so...that...结构） │ │ ├── 主语: many patients │ │ ├── 谓语: chose to discontinue │ │ ├── 宾语: the treatment │ │ ├── 让步状语: despite the potential benefits │ │ │ └── 定语从句: (that) it offered（省略关系代词） │ │ │ ├── 关系代词: that（作offered的宾语，已省略） │ │ │ ├── 主语: it（指代the drug） │ │ │ └── 谓语: offered 【语法精讲】 一、多重从句嵌套——五个连接词在同一句中的作用 本句包含五个连接词/关系词，各司其职： 连接词 类型 功能 引导的从句 that1 从属连词 引导宾语从句 that ... it produced side effects although 从属连词 引导让步状语从句 although the drug was effective that2 关系代词 引导定语从句，修饰side effects that were so severe that3 从属连词 引导结果状语从句（so...that） that many patients chose to discontinue (that)4 关系代词 引导定语从句，修饰benefits（省略） (that) it offered 阅读策略：不要试图一次理解所有从句。先找到主句主干 "The researchers discovered that..."，然后在一个that从句内部分析其内部的嵌套。 二、so + adj. + that从句——so...that...结果状语从句 `were so severe that many patients chose to discontinue` 形成"so...that..."结构，表示"如此严重以至于……"。 三、despite + 名词——介词表示让步 `despite the potential benefits` 是介词短语作让步状语，相当于 `although the drug offered potential benefits`。注意：despite是介词，后接名词或动名词，不能接从句。如果想接从句要用 `despite the fact that...` 或 `although`。 【翻译技巧】 1. 多层嵌套的翻译顺序：先翻译主句"研究人员发现……"，再翻译that宾语从句内部的"虽然……但是……"结构 2. so...that的翻译：`were so severe that...` 译为"如此严重以至于……" 3. despite的翻译：`despite the potential benefits it offered` 译为"尽管它提供了潜在益处"，介词转为连词结构 【参考译文】 研究人员发现，尽管该药物在治疗疾病症状方面是有效的，但它也产生了一些严重的副作用，以至于许多患者尽管知道它提供了潜在益处，但依然选择中止治疗。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 多个that同时出现时的区分方法：本句出现了三个that，区分方法——(1)在动词后引导宾语从句（that1）；(2)在名词后且在从句中作成分的是定语从句的关系代词（that2、that4）；(3)与so连用构成so...that...的是结果状语从句（that3）。口诀："动后that宾从，名后that定从，so后that结从。" —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第12句：并列连词与从属连词混用 No.12 | 难度系数：★★★★☆ | 来源：2020年全国卷II 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 Many educators believe that while technology has brought unprecedented opportunities to the field of education, it has also created new challenges that teachers must face, such as the decreasing attention spans of students who are constantly exposed to digital devices and social media platforms. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 educator /ˈedʒukeɪtə/ n. n. 教育工作者，教师。professional **educator** 专业教育工作者；a group of **educators** 一群教育工作者。例：Many **educators** are concerned about the impact of technology on learning. unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ （见搭配） adj. 前所未有的，空前的。**unprecedented** opportunity 前所未有的机遇；**unprecedented** level 空前水平。例：The Internet has brought **unprecedented** access to information. opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. n. 机会，机遇。**opportunity** to do sth. 做某事的机会；have the **opportunity** 有机会；take the **opportunity** 抓住机会。例：Online learning provides **opportunities** for students worldwide. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. n./v. 挑战。face **challenges** 面临挑战；pose a **challenge** 构成挑战；**challenging** adj. 有挑战性的。例：Teachers face new **challenges** in the digital age. decreasing /dɪˈkriːsɪŋ/ （见搭配） adj. 正在减少的。**decreasing** attention span 日益缩短的注意力持续时间；**decrease** v. 减少；**decrease** in 在……方面减少。例：The **decreasing** attention span of students is a growing concern. attention span /əˈtenʃn spæn/ n. n. 注意力持续时间。short **attention span** 注意力持续时间短；limited **attention span** 有限的注意力时长。例：Children today have shorter **attention spans** than previous generations. constantly /ˈkɒnstəntli/ （见搭配） adv. 持续地，不断地。**constantly** exposed to 持续暴露于；**constant** adj. 持续的。例：Young people are **constantly** exposed to digital media. expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v. v. 使暴露，使接触。be **exposed** to 接触到/暴露于；**expose** sb. to sth. 使某人接触某物；**exposure** n. 接触/暴露。例：Children are **exposed** to screens from a very young age. digital device /ˈdɪdʒɪtl dɪˈvaɪs/ n. n. 数字设备。**digital** technology 数字技术；**device** n. 设备。例：Many students spend too much time on **digital devices**. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): Many educators believe that ... │ ├── 主语: Many educators │ ├── 谓语: believe │ │ │ └── 宾语从句 (Object Clause): that while technology has brought unprecedented opportunities ..., it has also created new challenges ... │ │ │ ├── 连接词: that │ │ │ ├── 让步状语从句: while technology has brought unprecedented opportunities to the field of education │ │ ├── 连接词: while（虽然，表让步） │ │ ├── 主语: technology │ │ ├── 谓语: has brought（现在完成时） │ │ └── 宾语: unprecedented opportunities to the field of education │ │ │ ├── 主句部分: it has also created new challenges that teachers must face │ │ ├── 主语: it（指代technology） │ │ ├── 谓语: has created（现在完成时） │ │ ├── 宾语: new challenges │ │ └── 定语从句: that teachers must face（关系代词that在从句中作face的宾语） │ │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代challenges，可省略） │ │ ├── 主语: teachers │ │ └── 谓语: must face │ │ │ └── 举例插入语: , such as the decreasing attention spans of students │ └── 定语从句: who are constantly exposed to digital devices and social media platforms │ ├── 关系代词: who（指代students，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: are constantly exposed（被动语态） │ └── 状语: to digital devices and social media platforms 【语法精讲】 一、while在从句中的让步含义——"虽然" 本句中while出现在宾语从句内部，引导让步状语从句，相当于 `although`。判断依据：从句说"技术带来机遇"，主句说"技术也创造了挑战"，前后形成对比/转折关系。 二、被动语态（are constantly exposed to） `students who are constantly exposed to digital devices` 中，`exposed to` 是固定搭配，意为"接触到、暴露于"。被动结构在此表示"学生被置于……的环境中"。 三、such as + 举例说明 `such as the decreasing attention spans of students...` 是对前面 `new challenges` 的具体举例说明。such as后面跟名词或名词短语。 【翻译技巧】 1. While在宾语从句中的翻译：`that while...it has also...` 译为"虽然……但……也……"或"一方面……另一方面……" 2. 被动语态的翻译：`who are constantly exposed to` 译为"持续接触……的（学生）"，将英语被动转化为汉语主动 3. such as的翻译：译为"例如"或"比如"，引出具体例子 【参考译文】 许多教育工作者认为，虽然技术为教育领域带来了前所未有的机遇，但同时也创造了教师必须面对的新挑战，例如那些持续接触数字设备和社交媒体平台的学生的注意力持续时间日益缩短的问题。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ while在从句中的位置：while引导的让步状语从句可以放在句首（主句前）、句中（如本句，在主句的宾语从句内）或句末。无论位置如何，while的意思不变。关键是根据主从句之间的逻辑关系判断while是"虽然"还是"当……时"。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 52：分隔结构 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第13句：同位语/插入语将主语和谓语分隔 No.13 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2021年新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The concept of emotional intelligence, which was first introduced by psychologists in the 1990s and has since become one of the most influential ideas in modern psychology, refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions as well as the emotions of others. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. n. 概念，观念。the **concept** of ……的概念；a new **concept** 新概念；**conceptual** adj. 概念的。例：The **concept** of emotional intelligence has gained wide acceptance. emotional /ɪˈməʊʃənl/ （见搭配） adj. 情感的，情绪的。**emotional** intelligence 情商；**emotional** state 情绪状态；**emotion** n. 情感。例：**Emotional** intelligence is as important as academic ability. intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ n. n. 智力，智能。emotional **intelligence** 情商；artificial **intelligence** 人工智能；**intelligent** adj. 聪明的。例：**Intelligence** is not the only factor that determines success. psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n. n. 心理学家。clinical **psychologist** 临床心理学家；**psychology** n. 心理学；**psychological** adj. 心理的。例：**Psychologists** have studied emotional intelligence for decades. influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ （见搭配） adj. 有影响力的，重要的。an **influential** idea 有影响力的思想；**influence** n./v. 影响。例：This book is one of the most **influential** works in psychology. refer to /rɪˈfɜː tuː/ v. v. 指的是，参考。**refer to** sth. as 把……称为；**refer to** 指的是/参考。例：The term "EQ" **refers to** emotional intelligence. recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. v. 认出，识别；承认。**recognize** emotions 识别情绪；be **recognized** as 被认可是……；**recognition** n. 识别/认可。例：It is important to **recognize** and manage our emotions. as well as /æz wel æz/ （见搭配） conj. 以及，和。A **as well as** B 不仅B而且A（强调A）；**as well** 也。例：He can speak French **as well as** English. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主语 (Subject): The concept of emotional intelligence │ ├── 非限制性定语从句（插入的分隔结构）: , which was first introduced by psychologists in the 1990s and has since become one of the most influential ideas in modern psychology, │ │ │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代concept，在从句中作主语） │ │ │ ├── 并列谓语 1: was first introduced by psychologists in the 1990s │ │ ├── 谓语: was introduced（被动语态） │ │ ├── 施动者: by psychologists │ │ └── 时间状语: in the 1990s │ │ │ ├── 并列连词: and │ │ │ └── 并列谓语 2: has since become one of the most influential ideas in modern psychology │ ├── 谓语: has become（现在完成时） │ ├── 状语: since │ └── 表语: one of the most influential ideas in modern psychology │ ├── 谓语 (Predicate): refers to │ └── 宾语 (Object): the ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions as well as the emotions of others ├── 核心名词: the ability └── 不定式短语作后置定语: to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions as well as the emotions of others ├── 并列动词1: recognize ├── 并列动词2: understand ├── 并列动词3: manage └── 宾语: our own emotions as well as the emotions of others 【语法精讲】 一、主语与谓语被长插入成分分隔——高考最难的分隔结构之一 主语 The concept 和谓语 refers to 之间插入了一个很长的非限制性定语从句，形成了典型的主谓分隔。 The concept ← 主语 [which was first introduced by psychologists...and has since become...] ← 插入的定语从句 refers to the ability... ← 谓语（找到主干！） 这种"主谓分隔"的阅读技巧： 1. 先读主语 The concept of emotional intelligence 2. 看到逗号（, which...），意识到是插入的定语从句 3. 跳过整个which从句（一直到第二个逗号） 4. 找到谓语 refers to——主干出现！ 二、which从句中的并列谓语 which引导的定语从句内部包含两个由 `and` 连接的并列谓语： - `was first introduced`（被首次引入） - `has since become`（从此成为） 这两个谓语描述了情商概念的"历史"和"现状"。 三、三个并列的不定式——to recognize, understand, and manage `the ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions` 中的三个不定式并列，修饰ability。注意第三个manage前有and，前面的recognize和understand之间用逗号。这是英语中并列三个以上项目的标准写法（A, B, and C）。 【翻译技巧】 1. 主谓分隔的处理：英语中主语和谓语之间的插入内容在汉语翻译时需要合理安置。将which定语从句转化为前置或单独成句。"情商概念"先翻译，定语从句作为补充信息单独成句或用"这一概念"指代。 2. the ability to do的翻译：`ability to recognize, understand, and manage` 译为"识别、理解和管理的能力" 3. as well as的翻译：`our own emotions as well as the emotions of others` 译为"我们自己的情绪以及他人的情绪"，注意as well as强调前者 【参考译文】 情商这一概念由心理学家在20世纪90年代首次提出，此后已成为现代心理学中最具影响力的思想之一，它指的是识别、理解和管理我们自己情绪以及他人情绪的能力。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 分隔结构的解题技巧：阅读时遇到主语后跟逗号，可以先把主语和逗号之间的内容用括号框起来，然后继续往后找谓语动词。如果遇到长的从句插入，不要逐词阅读，先找到谓语确认主干。口诀："主语后面有逗号，插入成分先跳过；找到谓语再回头，从句内容慢慢读。" —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第14句：从句将先行词和关系词分隔 No.14 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2022年全国甲卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The latest research on climate change, which was conducted by an international team of scientists from more than twenty different countries and whose findings were published in a leading scientific journal last week, suggests that the pace of global warming is accelerating at a rate that is substantially faster than what scientists had previously predicted. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. n./v. 研究。conduct **research** 进行研究；**research** on 关于……的研究；**researcher** n. 研究人员。例：The latest **research** on climate change is alarming. climate change /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ n. n. 气候变化。fight **climate change** 应对气候变化；the effects of **climate change** 气候变化的影响。例：**Climate change** is one of the greatest challenges of our time. international /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ （见搭配） adj. 国际的。an **international** team 国际团队；**international** cooperation 国际合作。例：An **international** team of scientists worked on the study. journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/ n. n. 期刊，杂志。scientific **journal** 科学期刊；academic **journal** 学术期刊；published in a **journal** 发表在期刊上。例：The findings were published in a leading scientific **journal**. pace /peɪs/ n. n. 速度，步伐。the **pace** of 以……的速度；at a rapid **pace** 以快速；keep **pace** with 跟上。例：The **pace** of global warming is accelerating. global warming /ˈɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ n. n. 全球变暖。**global warming** 全球变暖；slow down **global warming** 减缓全球变暖。例：The effects of **global warming** are becoming more evident. accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ v. v. 加速。**accelerate** at a rate 以某种速度加速；**acceleration** n. 加速；**accelerating** adj. 加速的。例：The rate of ice melting is **accelerating**. substantially /səbˈstænʃəli/ （见搭配） adv. 显著地，大幅度地。**substantially** faster 显著更快；**substantially** different 显著不同；**substantial** adj. 大量的。例：The new method is **substantially** more efficient. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. v. 预测，预言。**predict** that... 预测……；be **predicted** to do 被预测会……；**prediction** n. 预测。例：Scientists **predict** that temperatures will continue to rise. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主语 (Subject): The latest research on climate change │ ├── 并列的非限制性定语从句（插入的分隔结构）: │ │ │ ├── 定语从句1: , which was conducted by an international team of scientists from more than twenty different countries │ │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代research，在从句中作主语） │ │ ├── 谓语: was conducted（被动语态） │ │ └── 施动者: by an international team of scientists from more than twenty different countries │ │ │ ├── 并列连词: and │ │ │ └── 定语从句2: whose findings were published in a leading scientific journal last week │ ├── 关系代词: whose（= of which，表示"研究的"） │ ├── 主语: findings │ ├── 谓语: were published（被动语态） │ └── 状语: in a leading scientific journal last week │ ├── 谓语 (Predicate): suggests │ └── 宾语从句 (Object Clause): that the pace of global warming is accelerating at a rate ... │ ├── 连接词: that ├── 主语: the pace of global warming ├── 谓语: is accelerating（现在进行时） ├── 状语: at a rate └── 定语从句: that is substantially faster than what scientists had previously predicted ├── 关系代词: that（指代rate，在从句中作主语） ├── 系动词: is ├── 表语: substantially faster ├── 比较对象: than what scientists had previously predicted └── 宾语从句（介词than的宾语）: what scientists had previously predicted ├── 连接代词: what（在从句中作predicted的宾语） ├── 主语: scientists ├── 状语: previously └── 谓语: had predicted（过去完成时） 【语法精讲】 一、并列的双重定语从句——which和whose的同时使用 本句有两个并列的非限制性定语从句修饰主语 `research`： - 第一个由 `which` 引导：说明研究由谁进行 - 第二个由 `whose` 引导：说明研究的发现被发表 `whose` 在此相当于 `of which`，表示"该研究的"。 二、"than + 从句"的比较结构——比较从句中的嵌套 `faster than what scientists had previously predicted` 中，`than` 后面跟的是一个`what`引导的宾语从句，意为"比科学家之前预测的速度"。 三、过去完成时（had previously predicted） `what scientists had previously predicted` 中使用过去完成时，表示"预测"发生在研究的"暗示"之前，即"过去的过去"。 【翻译技巧】 1. 双重定语从句的翻译：两个并列的定语从句较长，不适合前置，可以单独翻译成一个独立的句子，用"该研究"指代主语 2. whose的翻译：`whose findings` 译为"其研究结果"或"该研究的结果" 3. than + what从句的翻译：`faster than what scientists had previously predicted` 译为"比科学家之前预测的（速度）要快得多" 【参考译文】 关于气候变化的最新研究是由来自二十多个不同国家的国际科学家团队进行的，其研究结果上周发表在一家领先的科学期刊上。该研究表明，全球变暖的速度正在加快，其速度快于科学家之前预测的水平。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ whose在定语从句中的用法：whose可以指人，也可以指物（= of which）。在指物时，`whose findings` = `the findings of which`。在阅读中看到whose + 名词时，立即想到这是"该名词属于前面先行词"的关系。口诀："whose表所属，人的物的都能用。" —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 53：高考阅读真题长难句攻关 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第15句：2020-2022年全国卷阅读真题超长句 No.15 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2022年全国甲卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The findings of the study, which have been published in a leading scientific journal and have attracted widespread attention from researchers around the world, suggest that the approach could be applied to a wide range of fields, from medicine to environmental science, offering new solutions to some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 findings /ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ n. n. 发现，研究结果。the **findings** of the study 研究发现；research **findings** 研究结果。例：The **findings** of the study were published in a scientific journal. publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. v. 出版，发表。be **published** in 发表在……；**publish** a paper 发表论文。例：The results were **published** in a leading journal. widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ （见搭配） adj. 广泛的，普遍的。attract **widespread** attention 引起广泛关注；**widespread** concern 普遍担忧。例：The discovery attracted **widespread** attention from the media. approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n. n. 方法，途径。an **approach** to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法；a new **approach** 新方法。例：This **approach** could revolutionize the field. a wide range of /ə waɪd reɪndʒ ɒv/ （见搭配） 广泛的。a **wide range** of fields 广泛的领域；a **wide range** of products 多种产品。例：The technology can be applied to a **wide range** of industries. apply to /əˈplaɪ tuː/ v. v. 应用于。be **applied** to 被应用于……；**apply** for 申请。例：The new method can be **applied to** various fields. pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/ （见搭配） adj. 紧迫的，迫切的。**pressing** challenges 紧迫的挑战；**pressing** issue 紧迫的问题。例：Climate change is one of the most **pressing** issues of our time. humanity /hjuːˈmænəti/ n. n. 人类；人性。challenges facing **humanity** 人类面临的挑战；the future of **humanity** 人类的未来。例：The new technology offers hope for **humanity**. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主语 (Subject): The findings of the study │ ├── 非限制性定语从句（插入的分隔结构）: , which have been published ... and have attracted ... from researchers around the world, │ │ │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代findings，在从句中作主语） │ │ │ ├── 并列谓语 1: have been published in a leading scientific journal │ │ └── 现在完成时的被动语态 │ │ │ ├── 并列连词: and │ │ │ └── 并列谓语 2: have attracted widespread attention from researchers around the world │ └── 现在完成时的主动语态 │ ├── 谓语 (Predicate): suggest（注意：主语是findings，谓语用复数） │ ├── 宾语从句 (Object Clause): that the approach could be applied to a wide range of fields, from medicine to environmental science │ ├── 连接词: that │ ├── 主语: the approach │ ├── 谓语: could be applied（情态动词的被动语态） │ └── 状语: to a wide range of fields, from medicine to environmental science │ └── 现在分词短语作结果状语: , offering new solutions to some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity ├── 现在分词: offering（表示自然结果） ├── 宾语: new solutions └── 定语（现在分词短语）: to some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity └── 现在分词作后置定语: facing humanity（修饰challenges，相当于which face humanity） 【语法精讲】 一、主语 + which从句 + 谓语 + that从句——主谓分隔的再次巩固 本句再次出现主谓分隔结构： The findings ← 主语 [which have been published...and have attracted...] ← 插入的定语从句 suggest that... ← 谓语（找到主干） 二、并列的现在完成时——主动和被动 which从句中两个并列的谓语，一个是现在完成时的被动语态（`have been published`），一个是现在完成时的主动语态（`have attracted`）。这取决于主语与动词的关系： - findings被发表（被动）→ have been published - findings本身引起关注（主动）→ have attracted 三、现在分词短语作结果状语 `, offering new solutions to...` 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示主句动作的自然结果。这种结构在学术写作中极为常见。 【翻译技巧】 1. 主谓分隔的处理：将which从句转化为独立的补充说明句，与主句用逗号隔开 2. from...to...的翻译：`from medicine to environmental science` 译为"从医学到环境科学"，表示范围 3. 现在分词结果状语的翻译：`offering new solutions to...` 译为"为……提供了新的解决方案" 4. facing humanity的翻译：`challenges facing humanity` 译为"人类面临的挑战" 【参考译文】 该研究的发现已发表在一家领先的科学期刊上，并引起了世界各地研究人员的广泛关注。这些发现表明，这种方法可应用于从医学到环境科学的广泛领域，为人类面临的一些最紧迫的挑战提供了新的解决方案。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 现在分词作结果状语的识别：现在分词短语在句末且有逗号与主句隔开时，通常表示结果（自然而然的结局）。判断方法：可以在前面加"and this"来理解——`...fields, offering new solutions` = `...fields and this offers new solutions`。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第16句：2021年全国卷阅读真题长句 No.16 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2021年全国乙卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The phenomenon that the researchers observed during their experiment, which lasted for more than three years and involved thousands of participants from diverse backgrounds, has provided valuable insights into how the human brain processes complex information and makes decisions under conditions of uncertainty and pressure. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 phenomenon /fɪˈnɒmɪnən/ n. n. 现象（复数phenomena）。a natural **phenomenon** 自然现象；observe a **phenomenon** 观察现象；**phenomenal** adj. 非凡的。例：The **phenomenon** has puzzled scientists for years. observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. v. 观察，注意到。**observe** a phenomenon 观察现象；**observation** n. 观察；**observer** n. 观察者。例：The researchers **observed** an interesting pattern. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ v. v. 涉及，包含。**involve** sb./sth. 涉及某人/某事；be **involved** in 参与/涉及；**involvement** n. 参与。例：The experiment **involved** thousands of participants. participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ n. n. 参与者。study **participants** 研究参与者；**participate** v. 参与；**participation** n. 参与。例：All **participants** were between 18 and 65 years old. diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ （见搭配） adj. 多样的，不同的。**diverse** backgrounds 多样的背景；**diversity** n. 多样性；**diversify** v. 使多样化。例：The study included participants from **diverse** backgrounds. insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. n. 洞察，深刻理解。provide **insights** into 提供对……的洞见；gain **insight** into 深入了解；**insightful** adj. 有洞察力的。例：The research provided valuable **insights** into brain function. process /ˈprəʊses/ v. v./n. 处理；过程。**process** information 处理信息；in the **process** of 在……过程中。例：The brain **processes** information at an incredible speed. uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtnti/ n. n. 不确定性，不确定。under conditions of **uncertainty** 在不确定条件下；**uncertain** adj. 不确定的。例：The ability to make decisions under **uncertainty** is crucial. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主语 (Subject): The phenomenon │ └── 限制性定语从句: that the researchers observed during their experiment │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代phenomenon，在从句中作observed的宾语） │ ├── 主语: the researchers │ ├── 谓语: observed │ └── 时间状语: during their experiment │ ├── 非限制性定语从句（插入）: , which lasted for more than three years and involved thousands of participants from diverse backgrounds, │ │ │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代experiment，在从句中作主语） │ │ │ ├── 并列谓语 1: lasted for more than three years │ │ │ ├── 并列连词: and │ │ │ └── 并列谓语 2: involved thousands of participants from diverse backgrounds │ ├── 谓语 (Predicate): has provided（现在完成时） │ └── 宾语 (Object): valuable insights into ... └── 介词into后的宾语从句: how the human brain processes complex information and makes decisions under conditions of uncertainty and pressure ├── 连接副词: how（在从句中作方式状语） ├── 主语: the human brain ├── 并列谓语 1: processes complex information ├── 并列连词: and ├── 并列谓语 2: makes decisions └── 状语: under conditions of uncertainty and pressure 【语法精讲】 一、限制性定语从句 + 非限制性定语从句同时出现 本句中出现了两种定语从句： 类型 引导词 先行词 功能 限制性定语从句 that phenomenon 说明是"哪一个"现象（必不可少） 非限制性定语从句 which experiment 补充说明实验信息（可去掉） 区分方法：有限制性定语从句时，去掉后句子意思不完整（哪个现象？）；有非限制性定语从句时，去掉后句子仍然完整。 二、语法点的综合嵌套 本句将多个语法点融合在一起： 1. 限制性定语从句（that the researchers observed...） 2. 非限制性定语从句（which lasted...and involved...） 3. 现在完成时（has provided） 4. how引导的宾语从句（how the brain processes...） 5. 并列谓语（processes...and makes...） 【翻译技巧】 1. 限制性定语从句的翻译：`The phenomenon that the researchers observed during their experiment` 译为"研究人员在实验中观察到的这个现象" 2. 非限制性定语从句的翻译：转化为独立分句，译为"该实验持续了三年多，并涉及了数千名来自不同背景的参与者" 3. provide insights into的翻译：`provided valuable insights into how...` 译为"为了解……提供了宝贵的洞见" 【参考译文】 研究人员在实验中观察到的这个现象——该实验持续了三年多，并涉及了数千名来自不同背景的参与者——为了解人类大脑如何处理复杂信息以及在不确定和压力条件下如何做出决策提供了宝贵的洞见。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 限制性定语从句vs非限制性定语从句：最直观的判断方法——看逗号！有限制性定语从句前没有逗号，去掉后句子意思不完整；非限制性定语从句前有逗号，去掉后句子仍然完整。口诀："无逗限制不可少，有逗非限补充说。" —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 54：高考完形填空长难句 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第17句：完形填空中结构复杂的句子 No.17 | 难度系数：★★★★☆ | 来源：2020年全国卷I 完形填空 【原句】 What the old fisherman had learned from his fifty years at sea was that the ocean, which could be calm and beautiful one moment and violent and dangerous the next, demanded respect from those who sought to make their living from its waters. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n. n. 渔民，渔夫。an old **fisherman** 老渔夫；**fishermen**（复数）渔民们。例：The old **fisherman** had spent his whole life at sea. calm /kɑːm/ （见搭配） adj. 平静的，镇定的。**calm** sea 平静的海面；stay **calm** 保持冷静；**calmly** adv. 平静地。例：The sea was **calm** in the morning but became rough later. violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ （见搭配） adj. 猛烈的，暴力的。**violent** storm 猛烈的风暴；**violent** reaction 强烈反应；**violence** n. 暴力/猛烈。例：The **violent** waves crashed against the rocks. demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ v. v./n. 要求，需要。**demand** respect 要求尊重；**demand** that... 要求……；**demanding** adj. 要求高的/费力的。例：The ocean **demands** respect from those who sail on it. respect /rɪˈspekt/ n. n./v. 尊重，尊敬。show **respect** for 对……表示尊重；**respect** sb./sth. 尊重某人/某物；**respectful** adj. 恭敬的；**respectable** adj. 值得尊敬的。例：We should show **respect** for nature. seek to /siːk tuː/ v. v. 试图，寻求。**seek** to do sth. 试图做某事；**seek** for 寻找；**seek** advice 寻求建议。例：Many people **seek to** make a living from the sea. make a living /meɪk ə ˈlɪvɪŋ/ （见搭配） phrase 谋生。**make a living** from/by 靠……谋生；**earn a living** 谋生。例：He **made a living** by fishing. waters /ˈwɔːtəz/ n. n. 水域（常用复数）。the **waters** of the sea 海域；coastal **waters** 沿海水域；in these **waters** 在这片水域。例：Many fish species live in these **waters**. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主语从句 (Subject Clause): What the old fisherman had learned from his fifty years at sea │ ├── 连接代词: What（在从句中作had learned的宾语） │ ├── 主语: the old fisherman │ ├── 谓语: had learned（过去完成时） │ └── 状语: from his fifty years at sea │ ├── 系动词: was │ └── 表语从句 (Predicative Clause): that the ocean ... demanded respect from those who sought to make their living from its waters │ ├── 连接词: that │ ├── 从句主语: the ocean │ └── 非限制性定语从句: , which could be calm and beautiful one moment and violent and dangerous the next, │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代ocean，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 系动词1: could be │ ├── 表语1: calm and beautiful │ ├── 时间状语1: one moment │ ├── 系动词2: and (could be) violent and dangerous │ └── 时间状语2: the next │ ├── 谓语: demanded ├── 宾语: respect ├── 状语: from those │ └── 定语从句: who sought to make their living from its waters │ ├── 关系代词: who（指代those，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: sought to make │ └── 宾语: their living from its waters 【语法精讲】 一、"主语从句 + 表语从句"的双重名词性从句结构 本句是"主语从句（What...）+ 系动词（was）+ 表语从句（that...）"的结构。阅读方法： 1. 先读主语从句——老渔夫学到的 2. 找到系动词was 3. 再读表语从句——具体内容是什么 二、过去完成时（had learned）——过去的过去 `had learned from his fifty years at sea` 使用过去完成时，强调"学到"这个动作发生在叙述的"过去"时间点之前。整个故事是在叙述过去发生的事情，而"学习"发生在更早之前。 三、which从句中的并列结构——"one moment...the next..." `which could be calm and beautiful one moment and violent and dangerous the next` 中，使用"one moment...the next..."结构，生动地表现海洋在"一瞬间"和"下一瞬间"截然不同的状态。 【翻译技巧】 1. What主语从句的翻译：`What the old fisherman had learned...was that...` 译为"那位老渔夫……学到的是……" 2. one moment...the next的翻译：`could be calm...one moment and violent...the next` 译为"前一秒可以风平浪静，后一秒就变得狂暴危险" 3. demand respect from的翻译：`demanded respect from those who...` 译为"要求那些……的人保持敬畏" 【参考译文】 那位老渔夫在海上五十年所学到的是，海洋可以在前一秒风平浪静、美丽动人，后一秒就变得狂暴危险——它要求那些靠其水域谋生的人保持敬畏。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 主语从句 + 表语从句句型：这是完形填空中常见的高级句型。把握方法：将"What...was that..."看作一个固定框架，"What..."部分提出问题（"什么是什么"），"that..."部分给出答案。阅读时只需关注"what"和"that"之间的内容，主句的系动词"was"只是一个连接。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第18句：完形填空中含非谓语和从句的句子 No.18 | 难度系数：★★★★☆ | 来源：2020年全国卷III 完形填空 【原句】 Having traveled thousands of miles across the vast desert, the explorers finally reached the ancient city that had been hidden from the world for centuries, only to discover that most of its treasures had already been taken by those who had come before them. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 travel /ˈtrævl/ v. v. 旅行，行进。**travel** across 穿越；**travel** through 穿过；**traveler** n. 旅行者。例：The explorers **traveled** across the desert for weeks. vast /vɑːst/ （见搭配） adj. 广阔的，巨大的。a **vast** desert 广阔的沙漠；**vast** amounts of 大量的；**vastly** adv. 巨大地。例：The explorers crossed a **vast** expanse of desert. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə/ n. n. 探险家，探索者。a team of **explorers** 一组探险家；**explore** v. 探索；**exploration** n. 探索。例：The **explorers** set out on their journey across the desert. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ （见搭配） adj. 古代的，古老的。**ancient** city 古城；**ancient** ruins 古代遗址；**ancient** times 古代。例：They discovered the ruins of an **ancient** city. hidden /ˈhɪdn/ v. v.（hide的过去分词）隐藏。be **hidden** from 对……隐藏；**hide** v. 隐藏；**hidden** adj. 隐藏的。例：The treasures had been **hidden** for centuries. treasure /ˈtreʒə/ n. n. 宝藏，财富。hidden **treasure** 隐藏的宝藏；**treasure** hunt 寻宝；precious **treasure** 珍贵的财富。例：The **treasures** of the ancient city were beyond imagination. only to do /ˈəʊnli tuː duː/ （见搭配） 结果却……（表示出乎意料的结果）。**only to** find/discover/learn 结果却发现……（表示意外的结果）。例：He returned home, **only to** find that his house had been broken into. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 现在分词完成式短语作时间状语: Having traveled thousands of miles across the vast desert │ ├── 现在分词的完成式: Having traveled（先于主句动作发生） │ ├── 宾语: thousands of miles │ └── 状语: across the vast desert │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): the explorers finally reached the ancient city │ ├── 主语: the explorers │ ├── 谓语: finally reached │ └── 宾语: the ancient city │ └── 限制性定语从句: that had been hidden from the world for centuries │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代city，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: had been hidden（过去完成时的被动语态） │ ├── 状语: from the world │ └── 时间状语: for centuries │ └── 不定式短语作结果状语: , only to discover that most of its treasures had already been taken by those who had come before them │ ├── 不定式标记: only to（表示意外/失望的结果） ├── 谓语: discover │ └── 宾语从句: that most of its treasures had already been taken by those ├── 连接词: that ├── 主语: most of its treasures ├── 谓语: had already been taken（过去完成时的被动语态） ├── 施动者: by those └── 定语从句: who had come before them ├── 关系代词: who（指代those，在从句中作主语） ├── 谓语: had come（过去完成时） └── 状语: before them 【语法精讲】 一、"only to do"结构——表示意料之外的结果 `only to discover` 是不定式作结果状语的固定结构，表示前面动作带来的意外的、令人失望的结果。 结构 含义 例句 only to + 动词 结果却……（意外/失望） arrived, only to find the door locked 现在分词作结果状语 自然而然地导致…… ..., offering new solutions 二、三个"过去完成时"的并列使用 本句连续使用三个过去完成时，分别表示不同时间层次的"过去的过去"： 动作 时态 时间关系 had been hidden 过去完成时被动 城市被隐藏发生在探险家到达之前 had been taken 过去完成时被动 宝藏被拿走发生在探险家到达之前 had come 过去完成时 那些人到来发生在探险家到达之前 三、"Having + 过去分词"在句首——非谓语的完成式 `Having traveled thousands of miles` 是现在分词的完成式，表示"旅行"这个动作发生在主句动作"到达"之前，且与主句主语the explorers是主动关系。 【翻译技巧】 1. Having traveled...的翻译：译为"在穿越了……之后"，体现时间先后 2. only to discover的翻译：译为"结果却发现"或"却意外发现"，体现意外的转折 3. had been taken by those who had come before them的翻译：译为"已经被那些早于他们到来的人拿走了" 【参考译文】 在穿越了数千英里的广阔沙漠之后，探险家们终于到达了那座已经对世界隐藏了几个世纪的古城，结果却发现，城中大部分宝藏已经被那些早于他们到来的人拿走了。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ "only to do" vs. 现在分词作结果状语：两者都表示结果，但感情色彩不同——"only to do"表示"意外/令人失望的结果"（常用于故事叙述）；现在分词（-ing）表示"自然而然的结果"（常用于说明文/议论文）。口诀："only to + 动词表意外，-ing表自然结果。" —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 55：高考七选五/语法填空长难句 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第19句：语法填空中需要分析结构才能解题的长句 No.19 | 难度系数：★★★★☆ | 来源：2022年全国乙卷 语法填空 【原句】 According to a survey that was conducted among high school students in five major cities, those who spent at least thirty minutes reading each day scored significantly higher on comprehension tests compared to their peers who spent the same amount of time on social media. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ n. n./v. 调查。conduct a **survey** 进行调查；according to a **survey** 根据一项调查。例：A **survey** was conducted among high school students. conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. v. 进行，实施。**conduct** a survey/experiment 进行调查/实验；**conduct** research 进行研究。例：The research was **conducted** by a team of experts. high school /haɪ skuːl/ n. n. 高中。**high school** students 高中生；attend **high school** 上高中。例：The survey covered over 5,000 **high school** students. score /skɔː/ v. v./n. 得分。**score** highly 得高分；**score** on a test 在测试中得分；a high **score** 高分。例：Students who read regularly **scored** higher on tests. significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ （见搭配） adv. 显著地。**significantly** higher 显著更高；**significantly** different 显著不同。例：The reading group performed **significantly** better. comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn/ n. n. 理解力，阅读理解。reading **comprehension** 阅读理解；**comprehension** test 阅读理解测试；**comprehend** v. 理解。例：Reading improves **comprehension** skills. compared to /kəmˈpeəd tuː/ （见搭配） 与……相比。**compared to**/with 与……相比；**compare** A to/with B 比较A和B。例：**Compared to** their peers, the readers performed better. peer /pɪə/ n. n. 同龄人。**peer** group 同龄群体；**peer** pressure 同龄人压力。例：Many teenagers are influenced by their **peers**. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 介词短语作状语: According to a survey │ └── 定语从句: that was conducted among high school students in five major cities │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代survey，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: was conducted（被动语态） │ └── 状语: among high school students in five major cities │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): those ... scored significantly higher on comprehension tests │ │ │ ├── 主语: those │ │ └── 定语从句: who spent at least thirty minutes reading each day │ │ ├── 关系代词: who（指代those，在从句中作主语） │ │ ├── 谓语: spent │ │ └── 宾语: at least thirty minutes reading each day（spend time doing） │ │ │ ├── 谓语: scored │ └── 状语: significantly higher on comprehension tests │ └── 过去分词短语作比较状语: compared to their peers └── 定语从句: who spent the same amount of time on social media ├── 关系代词: who（指代peers，在从句中作主语） ├── 谓语: spent └── 宾语: the same amount of time └── 状语: on social media 【语法精讲】 一、compared to——过去分词短语作比较状语 `compared to their peers` 是过去分词短语作比较状语，相当于 `when they were compared to their peers`。在阅读中可以理解为"与……相比"。 二、spend time (in) doing——高频考点 `spent at least thirty minutes reading` 中的 `reading` 是动名词，作介词 `in` 的宾语（in被省略）。这是语法填空和短文改错中的核心考点。 三、语法填空解题提示 本句可作为语法填空的素材，可能的考查点包括： - `that` was conducted（关系代词，不能用what） - `who` spent（关系代词指人作主语） - `scored`（谓语动词的时态） - `compared` to（过去分词，注意拼写） - `who` spent（第二个who，关系代词） 【翻译技巧】 1. According to...that was conducted...的翻译：`According to a survey that was conducted...` 译为"根据一项在五个主要城市的高中生中进行的调查" 2. 比较结构的翻译：`scored significantly higher...compared to` 译为"得分显著高于……" 3. each day的翻译：副词 `each day` 译为"每天" 【参考译文】 根据一项在五个主要城市的高中生中进行的调查，那些每天至少花30分钟阅读的人在阅读理解测试中的得分显著高于那些在社交媒体上花费相同时间的同龄人。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 语法填空中的非谓语动词考点：看到"spend + 时间"后面要填动词时，记住固定搭配 `spend time (in) doing sth.`，必须用动名词形式。类似的搭配还有：`have difficulty (in) doing`、`be busy (in) doing`、`waste time (in) doing`。口诀："spend后跟doing，in字可以省。" —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第20句：七选五中的长难句 No.20 | 难度系数：★★★★☆ | 来源：2021年新高考I卷 七选五 【原句】 While it is true that the Internet has made it easier for people to access information than ever before in human history, experts warn that the ability to evaluate the reliability of sources and think critically about what we read online has become increasingly important. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 access /ˈækses/ v. v./n. 访问，获取。**access** information 获取信息；have **access** to 能够获得/接触到；**accessible** adj. 可获得的。例：The Internet makes it easy to **access** information. information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ n. n. 信息（不可数）。a piece of **information** 一条信息；**information** age 信息时代；**informative** adj. 信息量大的。例：We live in the **information** age. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. v. 评估，评价。**evaluate** the reliability 评估可信度；**evaluation** n. 评估；**evaluate** the quality 评价质量。例：It is important to **evaluate** the sources of information. reliability /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ n. n. 可靠性，可信度。the **reliability** of sources 来源的可靠性；**reliable** adj. 可靠的；**rely** v. 依赖。例：We should check the **reliability** of online information. source /sɔːs/ n. n. 来源，出处。reliable **source** 可靠来源；**source** of information 信息来源。例：Always check your **sources** when doing research. think critically /θɪŋk ˈkrɪtɪkli/ （见搭配） 批判性思考。**critical** thinking 批判性思维；**critically** adv. 批判地。例：Students need to learn to **think critically** about what they read. increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ （见搭配） adv. 越来越，日益。**increasingly** important 越来越重要；**increasingly** popular 日益流行；**increase** v. 增加。例：Digital literacy has become **increasingly** important. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 让步状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Concession): While it is true that the Internet has made it easier for people to access information than ever before in human history │ │ │ ├── 连接词: While（虽然，引导让步状语从句） │ │ │ └── 形式主语结构: it is true that ... │ │ │ ├── 形式主语: it │ ├── 系动词: is │ ├── 表语: true │ │ │ └── 真正主语（主语从句）: that the Internet has made it easier for people to access information than ever before in human history │ │ │ ├── 连接词: that │ ├── 主语: the Internet │ ├── 谓语: has made（现在完成时） │ ├── 形式宾语: it │ ├── 宾语补足语: easier │ ├── 真正宾语: for people to access information │ └── 比较状语: than ever before in human history │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): experts warn that ... │ ├── 主语: experts │ └── 谓语: warn │ └── 宾语从句 (Object Clause): that the ability ... has become increasingly important │ │ │ ├── 连接词: that │ │ │ ├── 从句主语: the ability │ │ └── 不定式短语作后置定语: to evaluate the reliability of sources and think critically about what we read online │ │ ├── 不定式1: to evaluate the reliability of sources │ │ ├── 并列连词: and │ │ └── 不定式2: (to) think critically about what we read online │ │ └── 宾语从句（about的宾语）: what we read online │ │ ├── 连接代词: what（在从句中作read的宾语） │ │ ├── 主语: we │ │ └── 谓语: read online │ │ │ ├── 系动词: has become │ └── 表语: increasingly important 【语法精讲】 一、While在句首的让步含义——七选五中的逻辑关系标志 While位于句首，意为"虽然"，引出让步状语从句。七选五中句首While是强烈的逻辑关系词，表示"虽然一方面……，但另一方面……"的对比关系。 二、"make it + adj. + for sb. + to do"结构——双宾语 `the Internet has made it easier for people to access information` 中： 结构成分 本句中的对应 主语 the Internet 谓语 has made 形式宾语 it（代替后面的不定式） 宾语补足语 easier 逻辑主语 for people 真正宾语 to access information 这种结构在高考阅读和写作中极为常见。 三、and连接两个并列不定式 `ability to evaluate the reliability of sources and think critically about what we read online` 中，and连接两个并列的不定式（共享to）：`to evaluate...and (to) think...`。 【翻译技巧】 1. While + it is true that的翻译：`While it is true that...` 译为"虽然确实……"或"虽然……是事实" 2. has made it easier...than ever before的翻译：译为"使……变得比以往任何时候都更容易" 3. the ability to...and...的翻译：`the ability to evaluate...and think...` 译为"评估……以及批判性思考……的能力" 【参考译文】 虽然互联网确实使人们比人类历史上任何时候都更容易获取信息，但专家警告说，评估信息来源的可靠性以及对我们在线阅读的内容进行批判性思考的能力已经变得越来越重要。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 七选五解题中的While：While位于句首时，往往引导让步状语从句，与主句形成对比。在七选五中，如果选项开头是"While..."，通常意味着这个选项是在"先承认某个事实，再引出相反的观点"。阅读七选五时，遇到句首While可以立即预判：后面一定有"但是"的内容。这是解题的重要线索！ —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📚 第51-55天知识点卡片 语法点 关键规则 高考考查方式 多连接词嵌套 先找主句主干，再逐个分析每个从句 阅读中理解多重嵌套的长句结构 while一词多义 "虽然"（让步）/ "当……时"（时间）/ "然而"（对比） 阅读理解和完形填空中考词义辨析 主谓分隔结构 主语后插入定语从句/同位语从句时，跳过插入找到谓语 阅读理解中影响长句解析速度 whose定语从句 whose可以指人也可以指物（= of which） 语法填空和阅读中考查关系代词 only to do结构 表示"意外/失望的结果"，不同于-ing的自然结果 完形填空中考查上下文逻辑 compared to/with 过去分词短语作比较状语 语法填空考查分词形式 spend time (in) doing 固定搭配，in可以省略 语法填空和改错中必考 限制性vs非限制性定语从句 限制性无逗号、必不可少；非限制性有逗号、补充说明 语法填空中关系词的选择 形式宾语 it make it + adj. + for sb. + to do 改错和写作中高频考点 what宾语从句 what在从句中充当成分（主语/宾语） 语法填空中引导词的选择 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $