2027届高三英语一轮复习-英语名词后缀分类精讲 导学案

该高中英语导学案系统梳理了名词后缀构词法核心考点，涵盖动词变名词（9类后缀）、形容词变名词（6类后缀）、表“人”的名词后缀（9类）及特殊变形，通过分类精讲和例词归纳构建知识网络，引导学生自主总结后缀规律，形成层次分明的构词认知体系。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层练习设计，如单词变形填空分四组针对性训练，选词填空和单项选择强化应用，培养学生学习能力和思维品质。参考答案助力学生自主纠错，教师可通过练习反馈精准把握学情，支持个性化复习指导，提升备考实效。

英语名词后缀分类精讲精练 高三英语一轮复习语法精讲+精练 一、9 类动词 + 后缀 → 名词 1. -al（表人、物、行为、状态；特殊：去 e+-al） 例词： approve → approval 赞成 survive → survival 幸存 arrive → arrival 到达；到达者 appear → appearance 出现；外貌 refuse → refusal 拒绝 propose → proposal 提议；建议 2. -ance /-ence（表性质、状态或行为） 例词： prefer → preference 偏爱 refer → reference 参考；查阅 depend → dependence 依赖；依靠 guide → guidance 引导；指导perform → performance表演,演出 exist → existence 存在 3. -ion /-tion/-ation（表状态或行为） 例词： direct → direction 方向；指导 expect → expectation 期待；期望 explain → explanation 解释 invite → invitation 邀请；请柬 solve → solution 解决，答案 compete → competition 比赛；竞争 pronounce → pronunciation 发音 describe → description 描述 repeat → repetition 重复 4. -(s) sion（表行为或状态） 例词： discuss → discussion 讨论 admit → admission承认；准许加入 decide → decision 决定 5. -ing（具有…… 特征的；表动作名词） 例词： hear → hearing 听力；听觉 listen → listening 听；听力 begin → beginning 开始部分 6. -ment（表行为、结果等） 例词： achieve → achievement 成就 develop → development 发展 argue → argument 争论；论据 7. -ure /-ture（表行为或状态） 例词： fail → failure 失败 press → pressure 压力 mix → mixture 混合物 expose → exposure 面临；暴露 8. -y（表示…… 的动作 (或过程)） 例词： recover → recovery恢复；痊愈 discover → discovery 发现 9. -age（表行为、状态、结果或费用） 例词： marry → marriage 婚姻 carry → carriage 客车厢；运输 pack → package 包；盒 post → postage 邮资；邮费 store → storage 贮存 二、6 类形容词 + 后缀 → 名词 1. -cy（表性质、状态） 例词： fluent → fluency 流利；流畅 accurate → accuracy 准确 (性) private → privacy 隐私 efficient → efficiency 效率 2. -dom（表地位、状况等） 例词： free → freedom 自由 wise → wisdom 智慧 3. -ness（表性质、状态） 例词： dark → darkness 黑暗 weak → weakness 虚弱 kind → kindness 善良 cold → coldness 冷淡；冷漠 aware → awareness 知道；意识 4. -th（表结果、过程、性质、状态） 例词： warm → warmth 温暖 true → truth 真相 deep → depth 深 (度) strong → strength 力量 long → length 长度 wide → width 宽度 5. -y /-ty/-ity（表性质或状态） 例词： difficult → difficulty 困难 honest → honesty 诚实 safe → safety 安全 cruel → cruelty 残忍 responsible → responsibility 责任 6. -ent 变 - ence，-ant 变 - ance 例词： different → difference不同 (之处) silent → silence 寂静 patient → patience 耐心 absent → absence 缺席 present → presence 出席 confident → confidence 信心 convenient → convenience 便利 important → importance 重要 (性) 三、9 类表 “人” 的名词后缀 表 “人” 的 名 词 后 缀 -or translator, actor, conductor, educator -ar beggar -er stranger, teacher, performer -ee trainee, interviewee -ess waitress, hostess, actress -ist journalist, scientist, tourist, pianist -ian musician, librarian -ant assistant, accountant, attendant -(at)ive representative, detective 四、无规律变形（动词 / 形容词→名词特殊变化） applaud → applause believe → belief choose → choice enthusiastic → enthusiasm high → height proud → pride tour → tourism weigh → weight vary → variety lose → loss behave → behaviour poor → poverty 名词后缀专项练习题 一、单词变形填空 第一组：动词 + 后缀变名词 1.approve → ________ (赞成) 2.survive → ________ (幸存) 3.prefer → ________ (偏爱) 4.depend → ________ (依赖) 5.direct → ________ (方向;指导) 6.compete → ________ (比赛) 7.discuss → ________ (讨论) 8.admit → ________ (承认) 9.decide → ________ (决定) 10.achieve → ________ (成就) 11.develop → ________ (发展) 12.fail → ________ (失败) 13.expose → ________ (暴露) 14.recover → ________ (恢复) 15.discover → ________ (发现) 16.marry → ________ (婚姻) 17.store → ________ (贮存) 第二组：形容词 + 后缀变名词 18.fluent → ________ (流利) 19.free → ________ (自由) 20.wise → ________ (智慧) 21.weak → ________ (虚弱) 22.warm → ________ (温暖) 23.deep → ________ (深度) 24.difficult → ________ (困难) 25.safe → ________ (安全) 26.different → ________ (不同) 27.silent → ________ (寂静) 28.patient → ________ (耐心) 29.confident → ________ (信心) 30.important → ________ (重要性) 第三组：表 “人” 的后缀，根据提示写名词 31.translate (翻译) → ________ (翻译家，-or) 32.teach (教) → ________ (老师，-er) 33.train (培训) → ________ (受训者，-ee) 34.act (表演) → ________ (男演员，-or) 35.act (表演) → ________ (女演员，-ess) 36.music (音乐) → ________ (音乐家，-ian) 37.science (科学) → ________ (科学家，-ist) 38.assist (协助) → ________ (助手，-ant) 第四组：无规律特殊变形 39.believe → ________ (信念) 40.choose → ________ (选择) 41.high → ________ (高度) 42.proud → ________ (骄傲) 43.lose → ________ (损失) 44.poor → ________ (贫穷) 45.behave → ________ (行为) 二、选词填空（用所给词的正确名词形式填空） 1.His ________ (argue) sounded reasonable and won everyone’s support. 2.The ________ (mix) of milk and chocolate tastes amazing. 3.We value the ________ (friend) and mutual trust between us. 4.Everyone was shocked by the ________ (deep) of the river. 5.It is our ________ (responsible) to protect cultural heritage. 6.The ________ (perform) of the young singer impressed the audience deeply. 7.Without proper ________ (guide), kids may get lost online. 8.The ________ (pronounce) of this word is hard for beginners. 9.His ________ (decide) to give up the plan surprised all his family. 10.The ________ (long) of the bridge is over 2 kilometers. 三、单项选择（后缀辨析） 1.The scientist made a great ________ (achieve) in environmental protection. A. achievement B. achievment C. achieve 2.We all admire her ________ (wise) and calmness in trouble. A. wisdom B. wisedom C. wisely 3.As a famous ________ (music), he holds concerts every year. A. musician B. musicer C. musical 4.The ________ (absent) of the teacher made the class noisy. A. absence B. absent C. absention 5.The ________ (discover) of the ancient relic excited archaeologists. A. discovery B. discoverment C. discover 四、英汉互译（写出名词） 1.存在（exist v.）________ 2.拒绝（refuse v.）________ 3.压力（press v.）________ 4.邮资（post v.）________ 5.准确（accurate adj.）________ 6.善良（kind adj.）________ 7.真相（true adj.）________ 8.便利（convenient adj.）________ 9.记者（journal n.，-ist）________ 10.侦探（detect v.，-(a) tive）________ 完整参考答案 一、单词变形填空 1.approval 2. survival 3. preference 4. dependence 5.direction 6. competition 7. discussion 8. admission 9.decision 10. achievement 11. development 12. failure 13.exposure 14. recovery 15. discovery 16. marriage 17.storage 18. fluency 19. freedom 20. wisdom 21.weakness 22. warmth 23. depth 24. difficulty 25.safety 26. difference 27. silence 28. patience 29.confidence 30. importance 31. translator 32. teacher 33.trainee 34. actor 35. actress 36. musician 37.scientist 38. assistant 39. belief 40. choice 41.height 42. pride 43. loss 44. poverty 45. behaviour 二、选词填空 1.argument 2. mixture 3. friendship 4. depth 5.responsibility 6. performance 7. guidance 8. pronunciation 9.decision 10. length 三、单项选择 1.A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A 四、英汉互译 1.existence 2. refusal 3. pressure 4. postage 5. accuracy 6.kindness 7. truth 8. convenience 9. journalist 10. detective 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $