Unit1知识点与语法精讲精练2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了新人教版八年级上册Unit1的知识体系。从词汇分类（名词、动词、形容词、副词）及变形规律入手，结合短语攻关，进而解析重点句型，最后过渡到一般过去时和复合不定代词语法，构建从基础积累到语法应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型-语法”逻辑递进，每个环节配有即时练习和拓展延伸。词汇变形通过对比（如bore→boring/bored）培养思维品质，语法讲解结合标志词和句式变化提升语言能力，多样化习题（单选、阅读、填空）强化学习能力，助力学生形成完整的语言知识框架。

新人教版八年级上册Unit1知识点与语法精讲精练 1、 词汇梳理 （1） 完成单词梳理 名词：1._____度假营 2._____战斗 3._____呼吸的空气 4._____风景 5._____假期 6. _____镇，商业区 7._____丝绸 8._____围巾 9._____旅馆 10._____广场 11._____胜利 12._____俄罗斯人，俄语 13._____导游 14._____艺术作品 15._____眼泪 16._____和平 17._____王宫，宫殿 18._____手风琴 19.___塔 20._____预算 21._____护照 22._____乡村，农村 23._____鹿 动词：1._____露营 2._____打仗，打架 3._____给某人带路 4._____提醒；使想起 5. _____忘记 6._____把...编入预算 7._____使厌烦 8._____使惊奇，使惊讶 9. _____参观 10._____放松 11._____决定 形容词：1._____古代的 2._____奇怪的；陌生的 3._____极好的 4._____舒服的 5._____准备好的 6._____厌倦的 7._____俄罗斯的 8._____生病的9._____健忘的 10._____惊奇的 11._____和平的 12._____平常的；有规律的 13.___令人惊叹的 14._____有趣的 15._____令人放松的 16._____感到兴奋的 副词：1._____尤其，特别 2._____在任何地方 3._____在某处 4._____容易地 5._____大概 6._____大量地 7._____确切地 8._____有规律地 （2） 词汇变形小结 1. bore（v.使人厌烦）---_______（adj.令人厌烦的）---_______（adj感到厌烦的） 2. surprise（v使人惊讶）---_______（adj.令人惊讶的）---_______（adj感到惊讶的） 3. interest（v.使人感兴趣）---_______（adj.令人感兴趣的）---_______（adj.感兴趣的） 4. excite（v.使人兴奋）---_______（adj.令人兴奋的）---_______（adj.感到兴奋的） 5. relax（v.使人放松）---_______（adj.令人放松的）---_______（adj.感到放松的） 6. decide（v.决定）---_______（n.决定） 7. forget（v.忘记）---_______（adj.健忘的）---_______（过去式形式.忘记 ） 8. peace（n.和平）---_______（adj.和平的）---_______（adv.和平地） 9. Russia（n.俄国）---_______（adj/n.俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人） 10. different（adj.不同的）---_______（n.不同） 11. possible（adj.可能的）---_______（adj.不可能的）---_______（n.可能性） 12. polite（adj.礼貌的）---_______（adj.不礼貌的） （3） 短语攻关 1. ____________去度假 11.____________ 令人惊叹 2. ____________去山区/爬山 12._____________玩得开心 3.____________参观古建筑 13.____________想要做某事 4.____________参加夏令营 14._____________决定做某事 5.____________参加节日活动 15._____________提醒某人做某事 6.____________上音乐课 16._____________因...而著名 7.____________看望祖父母 17._____________体验不同的文化 8.____________ 拍照 18._____________从...中学习 9.____________买纪念品 19._____________超出预算 10.____________品尝当地美食 20._____________转身 二、知识点梳理 Section A How do people spend their holidays? 1.vacation (n.) 假期；度假 短语：be on vacation/go on vacation 正在度假/去度假 例句：Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了？ 【即学即用】 (1) Where did you go _____ vacation? A.in B.at C.on D.for (2)Can you tell me where Tom is? ----He is ______ ______in chongqing. 2.fantastic (adj.) 极好的；了不起的，常用于描述对某事物的极高评价. 例句：The scenery in the countryside is fantastic. (乡村的风景好极了.) 【即学即用】 (1) How was your summer vacation? ----It was ______ 3. bored (adj.) 厌倦的；烦闷的.（修饰人） boring(adj.)令人厌倦的.（修饰物） 例句：I was so bored that I decided to find something to read. 我太无聊了，以至于决定找点东西读. 【即学即用】 (1) The movie was so _____ that my brother fell asleep in the cinema. A. bored B.bores C.boring D.boringly (2)It was so _____ for me to help my mother clean the house. 4.remind (v.) 提醒；使想起 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事. remind sb to do sth提醒某人去做某事. 例句：The old photo reminds me of my childhood. 这张老照片让我想起了我的童年. 例句：Please remind me to buy milk after work. 【即学即用】 (1) Please remind him _____ the door when he leaves. A. lock B.locked C.locking D.to lock (2) 这张老照片让我想起了我的童年. The old photo _____ me _____ my childhood. 5.guide (n./v.) 导游；指南 / 给某人领路；指导 作名词时，常见搭配为 （导游）；作动词时，表示指引方向。 例句：As we walked through the halls, the tour guide told us stories. 当我们穿过展厅时，导游给我们讲述了故事. 例句：This book is a useful guide to city travel. 【即学即用】 (1)The tour _____ showed us around the ancient town yesterday. 6.budget (n./v.) 预算 / 把……编入预算；精打细算 常见搭配：budget for sth为...预留预算 on a budget预算有限，省钱 balance the budget平衡收支 within/over budget 在预算内/超出预算 例句：We have a small budget for this trip. 我们这次旅行的预算不多。 【即学即用】 (1) We need to make a _____ before going shopping. A. budget B.budgets C.budgeting D.budgeted (2)If you don’t _____ ,you will run out of money soon. 7. take one's breath away令人惊叹；让人叹为观止，形容风景或事物极其美丽、震撼. 例句：The beautiful landscape took my breath away. 美丽的风景让我叹为观止. 拓展延伸：hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 lose one’s breath喘不上气 【即学即用】 黄山的风景让我叹为观止. _____________________________________. 8.fight against与……作战；与……作斗争.against 是介词，后面接名词或代词. 例句：We should fight against bad habits. 我们应该抵制坏习惯. 拓展延伸：fight with sb 和某人并肩作战 fight for sth 为...而奋斗 9.thousands of数以千计的；成千上万的. 用法详解：类似与hundred,thousand...等词语，当这些词语前面有具体的数字修饰的时候，这些词语的后面不加“s”和“of”;反之，这些词语面可以加“s”和“of”,表示许多。 例句：There are three thousand students in our school. 例句：There are thousands of visitors in the square. 广场上有成千上万的游客. 【即学即用】 (1) There are _____ of animals in the new zoo. (2) We need several ______ of old books to help the poor students. 10.nothing but只有；只是.后面通常接动词原形或名词. 例句：I could do nothing but stay at home. 除了待在家里，我什么也做不了. 11.get together聚会；相聚.常用于节假日或假期期间亲朋好友的团聚. 例句：We usually get together during the Spring Festival. 春节期间我们通常会聚在一起. 12.询问假期整体感受的问句 How was your holiday? It was fantastic/great/terrible 你的假期怎么样？ 棒极了/很糟糕 How did you feel about the trip? It took my breath away. 你觉得这次旅行如何？ 景色美得让人惊叹. 13.询问地点的特殊疑问句 Where did you go on holiday? I went to Mount Huangshan with my family. 你假期去了哪里？ 我和家人去了黄山. 课堂小测 1.— Did you buy ______ special for your mother during the trip? — Yes, I bought a beautiful scarf for her. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 2.The math problem was so difficult that nobody in our class could work it out by ______. A. them B. themselves C. ourselves D. himself 3.— How was your weekend? — It was fantastic! We went to the beach and the weather was really ______. A. bored B. boring C. excited D. exciting 4.My parents decided ______ to Yunnan for our summer holiday because they wanted to relax. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 5.— Is there ______ interesting in today’s newspaper? — No, there isn’t. It’s just some normal news. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 6.Tom didn't go to the museum with us yesterday. He ______ at home to finish his homework. A. stay B. stays C. staying D. stayed 7.— Where did you go on vacation last year? — I went ______. I just stayed at home and read books all day. A. somewhere quiet B. anywhere quiet C. nowhere D. everywhere 8.There is ______ wrong with my computer. It doesn't work well, so I need to get it repaired. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything 9.Listen! Someone ______ in the next room. But when I walked past, I couldn't see ______. A. sings; someone B. is singing; anyone C. sang; no one D. was singing; everyone 10.— How about ______ to the park together this Sunday? — Sounds like a good idea. I really want to enjoy the fresh air. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 单元语法精讲精练 语法1.一般过去时 1.含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常搭配过去时间状语. 2.标志词：yesterday,last week,...ago,just now,in 2020,on vacation last summer... 3.动词的变化规则： ①直接加-ed ②以e结尾只加d ③辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-ed ④重读闭音节，双写尾字母+-ed 4.肯定句/否定句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问句 语法2.复合不定代词(something,anyone,nothing等) 1.分类 ①指人：someone,anyone,everyone,no one ②指物：something,anything,everything,nothing 2.核心规则 ①作主语时，谓语动词用单数. Everyone was happy. ②形容词后置 something interesting nothing special 3.用法区别 ①something用于肯定句 ②anything用于否定句和疑问句 ③nothing=not anything 4.习题训练 ①I _____(go) to Sanya with my family last vacation. ②She _____ (not visit) her uncle yesterday. ③They _____ (take) many photos last weekend. ④My mother _____(buy) a new dress yesterday afternoon. ⑤He _____ (eat) noodles for breakfast this morning. ⑥Did you buy _____ (something) special? ⑦I ate _______ _______(一些特殊的东西)last night. ⑧There wasn’t _____ (任何人)there. 课后训练 一、 单项选择（共10小题） 1.—Did you buy ______ special for your mother on Mother's Day? —Yes, I bought a beautiful scarf for her. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 2.My family and I ______ to the mountains last weekend. We had a great time there. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 3.—How was your vacation in Sanya? —It was ______! I really enjoyed the sunshine and the beach. A. boring B. terrible C. wonderful D. cheap 4.I ______ like I was a bird when I tried paragliding in Malaysia. A. felt B. feel C. feels D. feeling 5.It was raining heavily, ______ we decided to stay at home and watch TV. A. but B. so C. because D. although 6.There are quite a few old ______ in this town. Many tourists come to visit them every year. A. build B. builds C. building D. buildings 7.—Did you go ______ interesting during the summer vacation? —Yes, I went to Beijing with my parents. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere 8.We waited ______ over an hour for the train because there were too many people. A. at B. in C. for D. on 9.My brother enjoys ______ around the town after dinner. He says it's good for his health. A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walks 10.—What did you do on vacation? —I did ______ special. I just stayed at home and read books. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 二、 任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题. July 15th, Sunny Today my family and I arrived in Penang, Malaysia. The weather was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. My sister and I tried paragliding. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! For lunch, we had Malaysian yellow noodles. They were delicious! July 16th, Rainy What a difference a day makes! Today it rained heavily. We couldn't go out, so we visited a museum in Georgetown. There were many old buildings and beautiful paintings. I wondered what life was like here in the past. In the afternoon, we went shopping in a mall. I bought a nice gift for my best friend, but I didn't buy anything for myself. Although it rained, we still had a good time. 1. What was the weather like on July 15th? 2. What did the writer and her sister try on the beach? 3. Why did they visit a museum on July 16th? 4. Did the writer buy anything for herself on the second day? 5. How did the writer feel about the vacation in Penang? 三、 阅读理解 Passage A Last summer, Cathy went to New York City with her parents for their summer vacation. They stayed there for two weeks. New York City is the largest city in the United States. First, they visited the Statue of Liberty (自由女神像). It is one of New York’s most well-known historic sites (古迹). Millions of people visit New York City every year to see it. On the second day, they went to the Empire State Building (帝国大厦). From the top of the building, they saw most parts of New York. It was really exciting. On the third day, they visited the Metropolitan Museum (大都会博物馆). In this museum, they saw a lot of famous paintings. During the rest of the week, they went to the Bronx Zoo. There they were glad to see a lot of their favorite animals, such as tigers, lions, monkeys and elephants. The next week, the family visited Long Island. On the island, they spent most of their time swimming, sunbathing and playing on the beach. They all had a good time. 1.How long did Cathy stay in New York City? A. One week. B. Two weeks. C. Three days. D. A month. 2.What did they do on the second day? A. They visited the Statue of Liberty. B. They went to the Metropolitan Museum. C. They went to the Empire State Building. D. They went to the Bronx Zoo. 3.Where did they see famous paintings? A. In the Empire State Building. B. In the Metropolitan Museum. C. In the Bronx Zoo. D. On Long Island. 4.What animals did they see in the Bronx Zoo EXCEPT (除了) ______? A. tigers B. pandas C. lions D. monkeys 5.What is the best title for the passage? A. A Beautiful City B. Famous Museums in New York C. Cathy’s Vacation in New York City D. Animals in the Bronx Zoo 四、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空.（共10小题） 1.I didn’t buy __________ (something) for myself, but I bought a gift for my mother. 2.The movie was really __________ (bore), so I felt __________ (bore) and fell asleep. 3.We decided __________ (go) to the beach near our hotel yesterday. 4.Everyone in my class __________ (be) happy when we won the basketball game last Friday. 5.My parents had a __________ (discuss) about my vacation plan last night. 6.I really enjoy __________ (walk) around the town and taking photos. 7.There are many tall __________ (build) in this modern city. 8.Because of the bad weather, we could do __________ (something) but stay at home. 9.It seems that he __________ (have) a great time in Beijing last week. 10.We waited for over an hour because there were too __________ (many) people at the station. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $