Unit 1 Friendship Word power要点讲义2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦形容词比较级、最高级的构成与用法及后缀-ful/-less构词规则，从两者比较（比较级+than）到三者及以上比较（the+最高级），再到词缀构词，构建递进学习支架，帮助学生系统掌握核心知识。 资料通过例句解析、构词表汇总及综合练习强化应用，提升学生语言能力（准确运用比较级、最高级及派生词）和思维品质（归纳构词规律）。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后学生可借助练习与答案自查，巩固知识，弥补盲点。

Unit 1 Friendship Word power 【课文要点】 1. Betty's hair is longer than mine. 贝蒂的头发比我的长。 - longer 是比较级形式（long + er） - than 用于比较级之后，表示“比” - e.g. Betty's hair is ____________ than mine. 2. Max is more interesting than his classmates. 马克斯比他的同学更有趣。 - more interesting 是多音节形容词interesting的比较级 - e.g. Max is ____________ interesting than his classmates. 3. Betty is the most helpful person in our class. 贝蒂是我们班最乐于助人的人。 - the most helpful 是最高级形式 - e.g. Betty is the ____________ helpful person in our class. 4. Max is the tallest boy in our class. 马克斯是我们班最高的男生。 - the tallest 是最高级形式（tall + est） - e.g. Max is the ____________ boy in our class. 5. We use "comparative adjectives + than" to compare two people or things. 我们用“比较级形容词 + than”来比较两个人或事物。 - e.g. We use comparative adjectives + than to compare ____________ people or things. 6. We use "the + superlative adjectives" to compare three or more people or things. 我们用“the + 最高级形容词”来比较三个或三个以上的人或事物。 - e.g. We use the + superlative adjectives to compare ____________ or more people or things. 7. The suffix -ful means “full of”. The suffix -less means “without”. 后缀-ful意为“充满……的”。后缀-less意为“没有……的”。 - suffix n. 后缀 - full of 充满 - without 没有 - e.g. The suffix -ful means “____________”. The suffix -less means “____________”. 8. care → careful / careless 关心 → 小心的 / 粗心的 - careful adj. 小心的（由care + -ful构成） - careless adj. 粗心的（由care + -less构成） - e.g. Be ____________ when you cross the road. / Don't be ____________ with your homework. 9. hope → hopeful / hopeless 希望 → 有希望的 / 无望的 - hopeful adj. 有希望的 - hopeless adj. 无望的 - e.g. We are ____________ about the future. / The situation seems ____________. 10. use → useful / useless 使用 → 有用的 / 无用的 - useful adj. 有用的 - useless adj. 无用的 - e.g. This book is very ____________. / This tool is completely ____________. 11. My best friend Max is a cheerful person. 我最好的朋友马克斯是个开朗的人。 - cheerful adj. 开朗的（由cheer + -ful构成） - e.g. Max is a ____________ person. 12. Once I had a sleepless night because I was worried about a volleyball match. 有一次我因为担心一场排球比赛而彻夜未眠。 - sleepless adj. 不眠的（由sleep + -less构成） - be worried about 担心 - e.g. I had a ____________ night because I was worried about the exam. 13. I felt helpless. 我感到无助。 - helpless adj. 无助的（由help + -less构成） - e.g. I felt ____________ when I lost my way. 14. He gave me some useful advice. 他给了我一些有用的建议。 - advice n. 建议（不可数名词） - e.g. He gave me some ____________ advice. 15. It was a wonderful day with a cloudless blue sky. 那是美好的一天，天空湛蓝无云。 - wonderful adj. 精彩的（由wonder + -ful构成） - cloudless adj. 无云的（由cloud + -less构成） - e.g. It was a ____________ day with a ____________ blue sky. 16. Simon was very thoughtful and brought water for me. 西蒙非常体贴，给我带了水。 - thoughtful adj. 体贴的（由thought + -ful构成） - e.g. Simon was very ____________ and brought water for me. 17. I'm hopeless at most sports. 我在大多数运动方面都很差劲。 - be hopeless at 在……方面很差劲 - e.g. I'm ____________ at most sports. 18. He is kind enough to give me many useful tips. 他足够好心地给我很多有用的建议。 - enough adv. 足够地（放在形容词/副词后面） - tips n. 建议，提示（复数） - e.g. He is kind ____________ to give me many useful tips. 19. There were many colourful kites in the sky. 天空中有许多色彩斑斓的风筝。 - colourful adj. 色彩斑斓的（由colour + -ful构成） - e.g. There were many ____________ kites in the sky. 20. He's always helpful like that. 他总是那样乐于助人。 - helpful adj. 乐于助人的 - e.g. He's always ____________ like that. 【后缀 -ful 和 -less 构词法】 care careful（小心的） careless（粗心的） hope hopeful（有希望的） hopeless（无望的） use useful（有用的） useless（无用的） help helpful（乐于助人的） helpless（无助的） sleep — sleepless（不眠的） thought thoughtful（体贴的） thoughtless（欠考虑的） colour colourful（色彩斑斓的） colourless（无色的） wonder wonderful（精彩的） — cheer cheerful（开朗的） cheerless（无精打采的） meaning meaningful（有意义的） meaningless（无意义的） taste tasteful（有品味的） tasteless（无味的） 【高频短语汇总】中英互译 1. comparative adjectives ____________ 2. ____________ 比较级 3. superlative adjectives ____________ 4. ____________ 最高级 5. be worried about ____________ 6. ____________ 担心 7. be hopeless at ____________ 8. ____________ 在……方面很差劲 9. give advice ____________ 10. ____________ 给建议 11. kind enough ____________ 12. ____________ 足够好心地 13. colour ful ____________ 14. ____________ 色彩斑斓的 15. helpful like that ____________ 16. ____________ 总是那样乐于助人 17. sleepless night ____________ 18. ____________ 不眠之夜 综合练习 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. Betty's hair is ____________ than mine. A. long B. longer C. longest D. more long ( ) 2. Max is ____________ interesting than his classmates. A. much B. more C. most D. many ( ) 3. Betty is the ____________ helpful person in our class. A. much B. more C. most D. many ( ) 4. Max is the ____________ boy in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. most tall ( ) 5. The suffix -ful means “____________”. A. without B. full of C. full D. have ( ) 6. The suffix -less means “____________”. A. with B. full of C. without D. have ( ) 7. Be ____________ when you cross the road. A. careful B. careless C. care D. caring ( ) 8. This book is very ____________. A. use B. useful C. useless D. used ( ) 9. Max is a ____________ person. A. cheer B. cheers C. cheerful D. cheerless ( ) 10. I felt ____________ when I lost my way. A. help B. helpful C. helpless D. helping 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（比较级或最高级） 1. Betty's hair is ____________ (long) than mine. 2. Max is ____________ (interesting) than his classmates. 3. Betty is the ____________ (helpful) person in our class. 4. Max is the ____________ (tall) boy in our class. 5. Peter is ____________ (short) than Simon. 6. Simon is the ____________ (tall) of the six students. 7. Amy is ____________ (light) than Sandy. 8. Simon is the ____________ (heavy) of the six students. 9. Millie is the ____________ (slow) swimmer among the six students. 10. Amy is the ____________ (fast) swimmer of the six students. 11. Simon's test score is ____________ (good) than Peter's. 12. Simon's test score is the ____________ (good) of the six students. 13. She is ____________ (slim) than her sister. 14. This book is ____________ (interesting) than that one. 15. He is the ____________ (smart) student in our class. 三、用后缀 -ful 或 -less 填空（用括号内名词的正确形式） 1. It was a ____________ (wonder) day with a ____________ (cloud) blue sky. 2. Simon was very ____________ (thought) and brought water for me. 3. I'm ____________ (hope) at most sports. 4. He gave me many ____________ (use) tips. 5. There were many ____________ (colour) kites in the sky. 6. He's always ____________ (help) like that. 7. I had a ____________ (sleep) night because I was worried about the exam. 8. I felt ____________ (help) when I lost my way. 9. Be ____________ (care) when you cross the road. 10. Don't be ____________ (care) with your homework. 11. We are ____________ (hope) about the future. 12. The situation seems ____________ (hope). 13. This tool is completely ____________ (use). 14. He is a ____________ (cheer) person. 15. The food was ____________ (taste) because there was no salt. 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Betty's hair is ____________ (long) than mine. 2. Max is ____________ (interesting) than his classmates. 3. Betty is the ____________ (helpful) person in our class. 4. Max is the ____________ (tall) boy in our class. 5. The suffix -ful means “full of”. (改为否定句) The suffix -ful ____________ mean “full of”. 6. The suffix -less means “without”. (改为一般疑问句) ____________ the suffix -less mean “without”? 7. Be ____________ (care) when you cross the road. 8. This book is very ____________ (use). 9. Max is a ____________ (cheer) person. 10. I felt ____________ (help) when I lost my way. 11. He gave me many ____________ (use) tips. 12. There were many ____________ (colour) kites in the sky. 13. He's always ____________ (help) like that. 14. I had a ____________ (sleep) night. 15. It was a ____________ (wonder) day. 16. She is ____________ (slim) than her sister. 17. This book is ____________ (interesting) than that one. 18. He is the ____________ (smart) student in our class. 19. My room is ____________ (tidy) than yours. 20. This is the ____________ (good) day of my life. 答案 一、单项选择 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（比较级或最高级） 1. longer 2. more interesting 3. most helpful 4. tallest 5. shorter 6. tallest 7. lighter 8. heaviest 9. slowest 10. fastest 11. better 12. best 13. slimmer 14. more interesting 15. smartest 三、用后缀 -ful 或 -less 填空 1. wonderful; cloudless 2. thoughtful 3. hopeless 4. useful 5. colourful 6. helpful 7. sleepless 8. helpless 9. careful 10. careless 11. hopeful 12. hopeless 13. useless 14. cheerful 15. tasteless 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. longer 2. more interesting 3. most helpful 4. tallest 5. does not 6. Does 7. careful 8. useful 9. cheerful 10. helpless 11. useful 12. colourful 13. helpful 14. sleepless 15. wonderful 16. slimmer 17. more interesting 18. smartest 19. tidier 20. best 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $