人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划(7-9)

2026-07-03
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摘要:

**基本信息** 聚焦初高中语法衔接,以代词、数词、介词为核心,通过分类对比、衔接总结及梯度训练,系统构建从基础到高阶的语法能力体系,提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |代词|8类分类精讲+40+训练题|初高中对比分层(基础识记vs高阶辨析)、特殊句式陷阱规避|从基础形式到句法功能,再到复合句适配,层层递进| |数词|3类核心考点+30+训练题|确数/概数规则、倍数句型转换、主谓一致辨析|从基数词到序数词,再到分数与倍数表达,逻辑链条清晰| |介词|3大核心类别+30+训练题|时间/地点/方式介词辨析、固定搭配记忆法|从基础语义到语境活用,再到高阶句式适配,逐步深化|

内容正文:

人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划 (7-9) 第七天•代词 代词是英语核心基础词性,用于替代名词、名词短语或整句内容,规避语句重复、精简句式结构,是贯穿初高中语法的核心必考考点。代词覆盖语法填空、单项选择、短文改错、书面表达、句式分析等全部题型,同时是定语从句、名词性从句、主谓一致等高中重难点的学习根基。 英语代词共分为八大核心类别:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词、相互代词。各类代词用法层层递进,初中侧重基础识别与简单句式运用,高中侧重语境辨析、特殊陷阱、复合句式活用与语法适配,是初高中语法衔接的核心模块。 一、代词整体初高中衔接总览 代词学习无断层、层层递进,初高中考查核心差异集中在基础应用与高阶辨析的区别,整体衔接规律如下:初中侧重“识记、变形、简单造句”,掌握代词基础形式与基础句法功能;高中侧重“辨析、特殊用法、句式适配、避坑纠错”,深挖同类代词差异、特殊句式搭配、复合句适配规则。 学习维度 初中基础要求 高中进阶要求 形式掌握 熟记各类代词单复数、格的基础变形,无复杂拓展 掌握特殊变形、隐性变形,区分形近、义近代词差异 句法功能 掌握主、宾、定基础成分,适配简单句 掌握表语、同位语、替代省略用法,适配复合句 语境运用 单一语境选词,无干扰项,规则固定 结合肯否定、疑问、倒装、从句语境,灵活辨析 考点难度 基础识记、简单填空、基础单选 易混辨析、句式改错、语法填空、写作升格 二、八大代词分类精讲(含初高中衔接用法) (一)人称代词 定义:专门指代人或事物的代词,是所有代词的基础,核心区分主格与宾格,承担句子核心主干成分。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心分类 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 主格 I/you/he/she/it/we/they,句首作主语,发出动作 适配倒装句、强调句,可用于独立主格结构 He always keeps working hard for his future dreams. 他始终为自己的未来梦想奋力拼搏。 宾格 me/you/him/her/it/us/them,动词、介词后作宾语 可用于省略句、口语省略结构,介词后置必用宾格 Our teachers always encourage us to stick to our goals. 老师常常鼓励我们坚守自己的目标。 【衔接核心总结】 初中只需熟记变形、掌握简单句主谓宾用法;高中重点突破特殊句式中的格的选用,规避倒装、省略、介词搭配中的易错陷阱,是复合句句式分析的基础。 【经典例句】 We should learn to reflect on ourselves every single day. 我们应当学会每日反思自我。 It helps him improve his ability to solve practical problems. 这帮助他提升解决实际问题的能力。 They support each other and make progress together daily. 他们互相扶持,每日共同进步成长。 She shows great patience to every student around her. 她对身边的每一位学生都极具耐心。 【小试牛刀】 用正确的人称代词形式填空 1. _______ (I) am willing to help others in need at any time. 2. My parents always care about _______ (I) study and life. 3. _______ (they) are preparing for the coming school sports meeting. 4. The kind boy often helps _______ (she) with her homework. 参考答案:1.I 2.my 3.They 4.her (二)物主代词 定义:专门表示人或事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两类,是书面表达高频用词。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心分类 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 形容词性物主代词 my/your/his/her,后必须接名词,作定语修饰名词 适配固定搭配、抽象名词,用于书面表达升格句式 His positive attitude influences everyone in our class greatly. 他积极的心态深深影响着班里每个人。 名词性物主代词 mine/yours/his/hers,单独使用,等同于形物代+名词 用于对比句式、省略结构,规避语句重复,适配复合句 My dream is simple while yours is more meaningful and great. 我的梦想简单,而你的更有意义、更加伟大。 【衔接核心总结】 初中核心掌握“形物代接名词、名物代单独用”;高中重点突破对比句式、省略句式中的名物代活用,解决写作重复啰嗦问题,适配完形与语法填空高频考点。 【经典例句】 Our classroom is bright and tidy every single morning. 我们的教室每日清晨都明亮又整洁。 Yours is a precious chance that you must cherish fully. 你的机会十分珍贵,你必须好好珍惜。 Her patience and kindness win respect from all teachers. 她的耐心与善良赢得了所有老师的尊重。 Their effort finally brings them unexpected good results. 他们的努力最终为自己带来了惊喜的收获。 【小试牛刀】 用合适的物主代词填空 1. This is not my pen. _______ (I) is in my schoolbag. 2. We should value _______ (we) time during junior high school. 3. Her grades are better than _______ (you) in this exam. 4. _______ (he) advice is always useful for our daily study. 参考答案:1.Mine 2.our 3.yours 4.His (三)反身代词 定义:表示“自身、自己”的代词,主要用于强调动作作用于主语本身,或构成固定搭配。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心用法 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 固定搭配 by oneself独自、enjoy oneself玩得开心等基础搭配 adapt oneself to、devote oneself to 高阶动词搭配 We can adapt ourselves to the new school life quickly. 我们可以快速适应全新的校园生活。 句法功能 作宾语、同位语,简单句中表自我动作 用于复合句、非谓语结构,强化句式严谨性 He taught himself English and made great progress soon. 他自学英语,很快就取得了巨大进步。 【衔接核心总结】 初中掌握基础固定搭配与简单句法;高中拓展高阶动词搭配、复合句中反身代词的主谓一致用法,是写作高级句式的常用素材。 【经典例句】 You should believe yourself and stick to your own choice. 你要相信自己,坚守自己的选择。 They enjoyed themselves during the meaningful study trip. 他们在有意义的研学之旅中收获满满。 She pushes herself to make progress every single day. 她督促自己每一天都努力取得进步。 We should remind ourselves to keep humble all the time. 我们要时刻提醒自己保持谦逊。 【小试牛刀】 用反身代词正确形式填空 1. He can finish all his homework by _______ (he). 2. We should challenge _______ (we) in difficult situations. 3. The little girl can dress _______ (she) now. 4. Please help _______ (you) to some fresh fruit, kids. 参考答案:1.himself 2.ourselves 3.herself 4.yourselves (四)指示代词 定义:用于指代远近、前后的人或事物,核心区分单复数与时间、空间差异,指代明确。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心词汇 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 this/these 近指当下事物、近处物品,单数/复数区分 指代前文整句话内容,用于句式承接与总结 This is the key reason why we keep working hard. 这就是我们坚持努力的核心原因。 that/those 远指远处、过往事物,区分单复数基础指代 用于同类事物对比,that代单数/不可数,those代复数 The rules today are stricter than those in the past. 如今的规则比过去的更加严格规范。 【衔接核心总结】 初中仅掌握空间远近指代、单复数区分;高中核心突破对比替代用法、整句指代用法,是完形填空、语法填空高频考点,也是写作句式衔接的关键。 【经典例句】 These small efforts will finally bring you big success. 这些微小的努力终将为你带来巨大的成功。 That wonderful experience changes my attitude towards life. 那段美好的经历改变了我的生活态度。 This is the best way to improve your oral English quickly. 这是快速提升英语口语的最佳方式。 Those who persist in studying will gain endless progress. 坚持学习的人会收获源源不断的进步。 【小试牛刀】 选用 this/these/that/those 填空 1. _______ book on the desk is very useful for beginners. 2. The weather in spring is warmer than _______ in winter. 3. _______ beautiful flowers attract many visitors every day. 4. The opinions of young people are different from _______ of the old. 参考答案:1.This 2.that 3.These 4.those (五)疑问代词 定义:用于引导特殊疑问句、对人或事物进行提问的代词,可在句中充当多种成分。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心词汇 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 who/whom/whose who问主语、whom问宾语、whose问所属 可引导名词性从句,适配复合句式,辨析主宾用法 Who is responsible for this meaningful group activity? 谁负责这场有意义的集体活动? what/which what泛指提问事物,which特指限定范围事物 what无范围、which有范围,适配从句与省略问句 Which subject do you think is the most interesting one? 你认为哪一门学科最有趣? 【衔接核心总结】 初中仅掌握简单疑问句用法;高中衔接名词性从句引导用法,是高中从句体系的入门基础,实现简单问句到复合句式的进阶。 【经典例句】 What makes you keep moving forward in tough times? 是什么让你在困境中坚持前行? Whose advice do you usually trust and follow most? 你最常信任并听从谁的建议? Which way is more effective to memorize English words? 哪种背英语单词的方法更加高效? Whom will you invite to join your birthday party? 你会邀请谁来参加你的生日派对? 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的疑问代词 1. _______ is your favorite season in the whole year? 2. _______ bag is the most suitable for your daily school life? 3. _______ did you meet during your summer vacation? 4. _______ dream is the most worthy of persistent pursuit? 参考答案:1.What 2.Which 3.Who 4.Whose (六)关系代词 定义:专门用于引导定语从句、连接主句与从句的代词,是初高中语法衔接的核心重难点。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心词汇 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 who/whom/that who/that指人,基础引导简单定语从句 辨析省略规则、介词提前用法、特殊先行词适配 The girl who helps others is very popular in our class. 这个乐于助人的女孩在班里很受欢迎。 which/whose which指物,whose表所属,基础从句应用 非限制性定语从句用法、as/which特殊辨析 The book which I read yesterday is extremely inspiring. 我昨天读的这本书极具启发意义。 【衔接核心总结】 初中仅掌握限制性定语从句基础引导;高中重点突破非限制性定语从句、介词+关系代词、特殊先行词陷阱,是高中复合句核心考点,衔接初高中句式体系。 【经典例句】 The teacher who teaches us English is always patient. 教我们英语的老师始终十分耐心温柔。 The dream that we stick to will come true one day. 我们坚守的梦想终有一天会实现。 The book which covers basic knowledge is very helpful. 这本涵盖基础知识的书籍十分实用。 The boy whose attitude is positive always makes progress. 心态积极的男孩总能不断取得进步。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的关系代词 1. The person _______ helps me a lot is my English teacher. 2. The book _______ I bought last week is quite useful. 3. This is the best movie _______ I have ever watched. 4. The girl _______ handwriting is beautiful sits beside me. 参考答案:1.who/that 2.which/that 3.that 4.whose (七)不定代词 定义:指代不确定、不特指的人或事物,是初高中最易混淆、考查频率最高的代词类别。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 易混组别 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 some/any some肯定句、any否定疑问句基础用法 some用于委婉请求问句,any表“任一”特殊含义 Could you give me some useful advice on English study? 你能给我一些英语学习的实用建议吗? all/both both两者都、all三者及以上都 适配部分否定、全部否定句式,辨析主谓一致 All of the students take part in the voluntary activity. 全体学生都参与了这次志愿活动。 none/nothing 均表否定,基础理解“没有、无” none指代数量可接of,nothing指代事物不接of None of the plans in the meeting are difficult to carry out. 会议中的所有计划都不难落实执行。 【衔接核心总结】 初中只需识记基础语义与句式适配;高中核心攻克否定句式、主谓一致、形近义近精准辨析,是语法填空、改错、完形的高频易错考点。 【经典例句】 Nothing can stop a determined person from chasing dreams. 没有什么能阻挡坚定的人追逐梦想。 Both of my best friends support my study and growth. 我的两个挚友都支持我的学习与成长。 Any student can make progress with proper learning methods. 任何学生用对方法都能取得进步。 Some small changes can bring huge differences in study. 一些微小的改变能带来学习上的巨大差异。 【小试牛刀】 选用合适的不定代词填空 1. I don’t have _______ spare time to play games on weekdays. 2. _______ of the two answers is wrong, they are both correct. 3. There is _______ new in today’s school newspaper. 4. _______ of the five books is useless for our study. 参考答案:1.any 2.Neither 3.nothing 4.None (八)相互代词 定义:表示双方或多方之间相互动作、彼此关系的代词,分为两两相互与多方相互。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心词汇 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 each other 特指两者之间互相、彼此,基础句式运用 所有格 each other’s,修饰名词表彼此的事物 The two sisters always help each other in daily life. 这对姐妹在日常生活中总是互相帮助。 one another 泛指三者及以上互相、彼此,基础识记 高中可通用,侧重多方协作、彼此依存关系 Team members should respect one another and cooperate well. 团队成员应互相尊重、良好协作。 【衔接核心总结】 初中掌握两者/多者基础区分;高中重点掌握相互代词所有格用法、写作句式升格,适配书面表达合作、友谊类话题,优化句式表达。 【经典例句】 We should learn from each other and make progress together. 我们应当互相学习,共同进步成长。 Classmates support one another during tough learning days. 同学们在艰难的学习时光中互相扶持。 They understand each other’s shortcomings and accept them. 他们了解并接纳彼此的缺点与不足。 Good friends always encourage one another to pursue dreams. 好朋友总会互相鼓励、追寻梦想。 【小试牛刀】 选用 each other / one another 填空 1. The two brothers trust _______ deeply in all situations. 2. All group members communicate with _______ actively. 3. They have known _______ for more than ten years. 4. The three girls always share stories with _______. 参考答案:1.each other 2.one another 3.each other 4.one another 三、代词专项综合训练 (一)句子填空(语法变形填空) 根据句意,用括号内代词的正确形式填空,每空一词 1. We should trust _______ (we) and face difficulties bravely. 2. This book is mine and _______ (you) is on the shelf over there. 3. The girl _______ handwriting is good studies very hard every day. 4. _______ (no) of the students in our class hates studying hard. 5. He can finish the difficult task by _______ (he) finally. 6. The weather here is better than _______ in big cities. 7. _______ (who) will take part in the coming English competition? 8. All classmates should help _______ (相互) in daily study. 9. I find _______ easy to memorize English words with methods. 10. There isn’t _______ (some) water in the empty bottle. 参考答案:1.ourselves 2.yours 3.whose 4.None 5.himself 6.that 7.Who 8.each other 9.it 10.any (二)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. My brother likes reading and _______ always reads books after dinner. A. he B. his C. him D. himself 2. This new dictionary is _______, not my sister’s. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 3. You must learn to rely on _______ in your growth journey. A. your B. yours C. yourself D. you 4. There is _______ milk left in the fridge for breakfast. A. few B. many C. some D. no 5. _______ of the two ways is useful for improving listening skills. A. All B. Both C. Neither D. None 6. I find _______ necessary to keep a good learning habit every day. A. that B. it C. this D. one 7. The trees in our school are taller than _______ in the park. A. those B. that C. one D. ones 8. The person _______ we met yesterday is a famous teacher. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 9. They are good friends and they help _______ all the time. A. one another B. another C. other D. the other 10. I need a new pen, so I will buy _______ this afternoon. A. it B. that C. one D. those 11. _______ of the students has finished the homework ahead of time. A. All B. Every C. Each D. Both 12. The climate in the south is much warmer than _______ in the north. A. it B. that C. those D. one 13. She taught _______ foreign languages and achieved great progress. A. her B. hers C. herself D. she 14. Could you show me _______ way to solve this difficult problem? A. some B. any C. either D. one 15. The book _______ cover is blue belongs to my deskmate. A. that B. which C. whose D. who 参考答案:1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C (三)完成句子 根据中文提示,用代词知识点完成英文句子,每空一词 1. 我发现坚持每日阅读对提升英语很有帮助。 I find _______ helpful for _______ to read English every day. 2. 这两本书都对我们的语法学习很有帮助。 _______ _______ the two books are useful for our grammar study. 3. 我们应当学会互相帮助、共同进步。 We should learn to help _______ and make progress together. 4. 这里的空气比城市里的空气更加清新。 The air here is fresher than _______ in the city. 5. 我的学习方法很普通,你的更加高效。 My learning method is common while _______ is more efficient. 6. 所有学生都应当珍惜宝贵的学习时光。 _______ _______ the students should value precious study time. 7. 没有人能轻易放弃自己的梦想。 _______ of us can give up our own dreams easily. 8. 那位乐于助人的男孩赢得了大家的喜爱。 The boy _______ is willing to help others wins everyone’s love. 9. 我们必须适应新环境,让自己变得更加优秀。 We must adapt _______ to the new environment and become better. 10. 我没有什么可以倾诉心事的朋友。 I have _______ friend to share my feelings with. 参考答案:1.it; me 2.Both of 3.each other 4.that 5.yours 6.All of 7.None 8.who/that 9.ourselves 10.no 第八天•数词 数词是英语核心基础词性,用于表示数量、顺序、比例、年代、时间、倍数等概念,是贯穿初高中语法的高频必考考点。数词广泛覆盖语法填空、单项选择、短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解数据解读等全部题型,同时是主谓一致、倍数表达、非谓语结构等高中重难点的学习根基。 英语数词核心分为三大必考类别:基数词、序数词、分数词。三类数词用法层层递进,初中侧重基础读写、简单计数与句式运用,高中侧重特殊变形、固定搭配、语境辨析、倍数与比例高阶用法,是初高中语法衔接的关键基础模块。 一、数词整体初高中衔接总览 数词学习无断层、层层递进,初高中考查核心差异集中在基础识记与高阶活用的区别,整体衔接规律如下:初中侧重“认读、拼写、基础运用”,掌握数词基础形式、简单计数与时间日期表达;高中侧重“辨析、特殊搭配、句式适配、数据表达”,深挖数词固定短语、主谓一致、倍数表达、模糊数字等高阶考点。 学习维度 初中基础要求 高中进阶要求 形式掌握 熟记基础数词拼写、单复数、常规变形,无复杂拓展 掌握特殊变形、复合数词、分数规范写法,规避拼写陷阱 句法功能 掌握作定语、主语、宾语基础用法,适配简单句 掌握倍数表达、比例修饰、模糊数字,适配复合句与写作 语境运用 单一计数、日期、时间语境,规则固定无干扰 结合数据分析、对比句式、固定短语,灵活辨析选用 考点难度 基础拼写、简单填空、基础单选、日期表达 数词辨析、主谓一致、倍数句型、语法填空、写作升格 二、三大数词分类精讲(含初高中衔接用法) (一)基数词 定义:表示人或事物数量多少的数词,是所有数词的基础,核心用于计数、编号、时间、年龄、数量统计。 【分类精讲】 基数词主要用于表示事物的具体数量,是数词体系的基础。本节统一整合全学段核心考点,不分初高中拆分,从基础计数表达、模糊概数表达、编号表达三个维度,结合完整规则、易错点与例句系统讲解。 表格1:基础计数表达(完整读写规则) 分类维度 核心规则与内容 经典例句 1-21基础基数词 1 one、2 two、3 three、4 four、5 five、6 six、7 seven、8 eight、9 nine、10 ten、11 eleven、12 twelve、13 thirteen、14 fourteen、15 fifteen、16 sixteen、17 seventeen、18 eighteen、19 nineteen、20 twenty、21 twenty-one。其中11-19为-teen特殊后缀,无通用规律,需单独识记;21及以上两位数,十位与个位之间必须加连字符。 There are twenty-one students in our reading group. 我们阅读小组有二十一名学生。 整十数词(20-90) 20 twenty、30 thirty、40 forty、50 fifty、60 sixty、70 seventy、80 eighty、90 ninety,统一以-ty结尾。重点易错拼写:forty(无u)、fifty、eighty(无重复字母),是考试高频拼写考点。 Thirty students will take part in the school play. 三十名学生将参演校园话剧。 100以上数词 核心单位为hundred(百),通用结构:基数词+hundred+(and)+尾数。英式表达常加and,美式表达可省略。示例:100 one hundred、105 one hundred (and) five、120 one hundred (and) twenty、158 one hundred (and) fifty-eight。 One hundred and fifty people attended the lecture. 一百五十人出席了本次讲座。 1000以上数词 核心单位为thousand(千),遵循英语三位分段读数规则。示例:1000 one thousand、2000 two thousand、1250 one thousand two hundred (and) fifty。英语无“万、十万”独立单词,需换算表达:一万 ten thousand、十万 one hundred thousand。 Two thousand books have been donated to the rural school. 两千本图书已被捐赠给乡村学校。 确数核心规则 当前面有具体数字(one/two等)修饰hundred/thousand时,不加s、不加of,表精准确定数量。多位数书写规范,百位与十位间可加连字符,适配写作、语法填空标准用法。 There are thirty students studying hard in our classroom. 我们教室里有三十名认真学习的学生。 表格2:模糊数字表达(概数短语) 核心短语 固定含义 用法规则 经典例句 hundreds of 数百的、成百上千的 无具体数字修饰,必须搭配of,后接可数名词复数;作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Hundreds of teenagers take part in the voluntary activity yearly. 每年数百名青少年参与这项志愿活动。 thousands of 数千的、成千上万的 无具体数字修饰,必须搭配of,后接可数名词复数,表数量庞大的泛指。 Thousands of visitors come to this scenic spot every holiday. 每个假期都有成千上万的游客来到这个景区。 tens of 数十的、十几个的 无具体数字修饰,搭配of使用,侧重数量较少的零散泛指数量。 Tens of students have finished their homework ahead of time. 数十名学生提前完成了作业。 dozens of 几十个的、许多的 无具体数字修饰,搭配of使用,为日常高频泛指短语,适用场景广泛。 Dozens of books are displayed on the shelf for us to read. 书架上陈列着几十本供我们阅读的书籍。 必考易错规则 确数、概数不可混用 有数字无s无of(two hundred),有s有of无数字(hundreds of),混用即为错误。 错:two hundreds of students 表格3:编号表达(序号用法) 编号类型 核心格式 适用场景 经典例句 专用编号 大写名词 + 基数词(无冠词) 例:Page 20、Room 301 页码、房间号、班级、年级、公交、章节等固定专有标识编号。 You can find key knowledge on Page fifty of this book. 你可以在本书第五十页找到核心知识点。 普通排序 the + 序数词 + 名词(必加the) 例:the first floor、the second prize 楼层、排名、场次、步骤等通用顺序、层级排序场景。 Our classroom is on the third floor of this teaching building. 我们的教室在这栋教学楼的三楼。 长编号/缩写 No. + 数字,直接顺写 例:No. 10 bus、No. 5 Middle School 学号、线路、航班、长序列数字编号,适配读写场景。 The No. 102 bus will take you to the city center directly. 102路公交车可直达市中心。 核心规范 专有无冠、排序带the 仅标识名词首字母大写,基数词无需大写;非正式场景可直接用阿拉伯数字。 错:the Page 50 【经典例句】 Ninety percent of students prefer group learning in daily study. 百分之九十的学生日常更喜欢小组学习。 This school has two thousand students from different cities. 这所学校有两千名来自不同城市的学生。 We have six main subjects to learn during senior high school. 高中阶段我们有六门主要学科需要学习。 Thirty days of persistent practice can improve your English greatly. 三十天的坚持练习能大幅提升你的英语水平。 【小试牛刀】 用括号内基数词的正确形式填空 1. There are _______ (20) boys in our grade class. 2. _______ (hundred) of people join the running race every year. 3. This factory has _______ (two thousand) workers in total. 4. We will finish the task in _______ (nine) days. 参考答案:1.twenty 2.Hundreds 3.two thousand 4.nine (二)序数词 定义:表示人或事物顺序、次第的数词,核心含义为“第几”,常用于日期、排名、顺序、层级表达,是书面表达高频用词。 【分类精讲】 序数词主要表示事物的顺序、次第,含义为“第几”,核心覆盖拼写变形、基础搭配、特殊句式三大考点。本节统一整合全学段核心知识点,不分初高中拆分,通过三张独立表格系统讲解完整用法、规则及易错点。 表格1:序数词基础变形规则(拼写体系) 分类类型 变形规则与详细说明 经典例句 1-20基础序数词 多数基数词直接加后缀-th;存在5组必考特殊变形,需重点识记:one→first、two→second、three→third、five→fifth、eight→eighth、nine→ninth、twelve→twelfth。其余常规变形:fourth、sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh、thirteenth等。 She is the first student to arrive at school every day. 她是每天第一个到校的学生。 整十数序数词 20、30、40...90整十基数词,变y为ie,再加-th。变形公式:整十数基数词→变y为ie+th。例:twenty→twentieth、thirty→thirtieth、forty→fortieth、fifty→fiftieth。 He finished the twentieth task in the competition. 他完成了比赛中的第二十个任务。 复合数序数词 几十几的复合基数词,仅个位变序数词,十位保持基数词原形,中间必须加连字符。例:twenty-one→twenty-first、thirty-five→thirty-fifth、ninety-nine→ninety-ninth。 This is my twenty-third year of learning English. 这是我学习英语的第二十三年。 序数词缩写规则 通用缩写:数字+单词最后两个字母。1st (first)、2nd (second)、3rd (third)、4th (fourth),其余数字基本统一加th,是写作、题型填写高频用法。 He lives on the 15th floor of the apartment. 他住在公寓的15楼。 表格2:序数词核心用法与固定搭配 用法场景 核心规则与搭配说明 经典例句 表顺序、排名 序数词表“第几”的固定顺序时,必须加定冠词the,可修饰名词,用于楼层、名次、序号、日期、章节等场景,是最基础、最高频用法。 Our classroom is on the third floor of the building. 我们的教室在教学楼三楼。 表日期、年月 英语日期表达中,月份后接序数词表具体日期,可完整书写或用缩写,整体结构:月份+序数词,可搭配年份使用。 We will have a test on the tenth of October. 我们将在十月十日进行一场测试。 固定高阶句型 the + 序数词 + 名词 + to do sth. 表示“第几个做某事的人/物”,是初高中通用核心句型,常用于人物特征、事件描述。 She is the fifth student to win the school prize. 她是第五位获得校级奖项的学生。 高频固定短语 熟记必考搭配:for the first time 第一次、the first time that... 第一次……、at first 起初,适配单选、语法填空、书面表达。 I joined the club for the first time last term. 我上学期第一次加入这个社团。 表格3:序数词特殊用法与易错点 特殊考点 规则解析与易错警示 经典例句 无the表“再一、又一” 序数词前加不定冠词a/an时,不再表示顺序“第几”,而是引申含义又一、再一,是初高中核心易错陷阱,无顺序含义,侧重重复动作。 We need a second chance to correct our mistakes. 我们需要再一次机会改正错误。 序数词修饰最高级 序数词可修饰形容词最高级,结构:the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词,表示“第几最……的人/物”,适配高中高阶句式与写作升格。 He is the second tallest boy in our grade. 他是我们年级身高第二的男生。 零冠词特殊场景 序数词用于专有名词、固定节日、编号、标题时,默认省略the,首字母常大写,属于固定用法,无需加定冠词。 He won First Prize in the national competition. 他在全国竞赛中荣获一等奖。 核心易错总结 1. 表顺序必加the,表再一用a/an;2. 复合序数词仅个位变形;3. 整十序数词变y为ie+th;4. 专有编号场景省略冠词。 错:a first floor / 对:the first floor 【衔接核心总结】 初中核心掌握序数词变形规则、带the表顺序;高中重点突破无the表“再一、又一”、序数词高阶固定句型,适配复合句与写作升格,是单选与语法填空核心陷阱考点。 【经典例句】 This is the first time that I take part in a big English contest. 这是我第一次参加大型英语竞赛。 People celebrate National Day on the first day of October yearly. 人们每年十月一日庆祝国庆节。 He ranks second in his class after long-term hard work. 经过长期努力,他在班级排名第二。 We will try a third method to solve this complex problem. 我们将尝试第三种方法解决这个复杂问题。 【小试牛刀】 用括号内序数词的正确形式填空 1. This is the _______ (one) time I visit this beautiful city. 2. He is the _______ (five) boy to join the study group. 3. We will have our sports meeting on the _______ (twenty) day. 4. She wants to try a _______ (two) time to improve her score. 参考答案:1.first 2.fifth 3.twentieth 4.second (三)分数词 定义:用于表示事物部分与整体比例关系的数词,广泛用于数据描述、比例分析、倍数表达,是初高中衔接的重难点考点。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心分类 基础用法(初中)+ 示例 进阶用法(高中衔接)+ 示例 经典例句 书写规则 通用公式:分子基数词,分母序数词;分子大于1时,分母必须加s。 示例:1/3 one third、2/3 two thirds、1/5 one fifth、3/4 three fourths 掌握复杂分数、固定简化写法,规避拼写错误,适配写作规范。 示例:1/2 one half(无second)、1/4 one fourth / one quarter、3/7 three sevenths Two thirds of the land here is covered with green plants. 这里三分之二的土地被绿植覆盖。 修饰用法 固定结构:分数 + of + 名词,用于简单句修饰人或事物,基础描述数量比例。 示例:one third of students 三分之一的学生、one fifth of water 五分之一的水 核心考点:主谓一致。分数作主语时,谓语动词单复数由of后的名词决定。 示例:Two fifths of the room is empty.(不可数名词,谓语单数) Two fifths of the desks are new.(可数复数,谓语复数) One fourth of the students choose to study online at home. 四分之一的学生选择在家线上学习。 语境拓展 用于基础比例描述,适配简单陈述句,单一语境运用。 示例:One half of the apples are red. 一半的苹果是红色的。 结合倍数、对比句式,用于阅读理解数据解读、图表作文数据表达,适配高阶复合句。 示例:Three fourths of the task has been finished, which saves much time. 四分之三的任务已完成,节省了大量时间。 Three fifths of the task has been finished ahead of time. 五分之三的任务已经提前完成。 【衔接核心总结】 初中只需掌握分数基础书写规则;高中核心攻克分数修饰名词的主谓一致、数据对比句式,是语法填空、改错、阅读理解数据题型的核心考点,也是写作图表作文的必备素材。 【经典例句】 One third of our spare time is used for reading and thinking. 我们三分之一的课余时间用于阅读和思考。 Four fifths of the teachers support this new learning plan. 五分之四的老师都支持这项全新的学习方案。 Two sevenths of the area is covered with clean fresh water. 这片区域的七分之二被洁净的淡水覆盖。 One half of the homework can be finished during class time. 一半的作业可以在课堂时间内完成。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意写出正确的分数英文形式 1. ________ (三分之一) of the trees in the park are tall. 2. ________ (五分之二) of the students like doing sports. 3. ________ (四分之一) of the time has been wasted. 4. ________ (七分之三) of the books are about science. 参考答案:1.One third 2.Two fifths 3.One fourth 4.Three sevenths (四)倍数表达法 定义:英语倍数表达是初高中核心衔接考点,用于描述两个事物之间的数量、大小、高低、长短、比例的倍数关系,广泛适配单选、语法填空、改错、书面表达、阅读理解数据对比场景,是数词高阶应用的核心模块。 【分类精讲】 本节统一整合全学段倍数核心考点,不分初高中拆分,从基础核心句型、进阶对比用法、高频易错规则三个维度,通过三张独立表格系统精讲完整用法、搭配及例句,贴合数词整体知识体系。 表格1:三大基础核心倍数句型(必考万能句型) 句型分类 完整结构与详细解析 经典例句 句型一:as...as 同级倍数 结构:倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as + 比较对象。适用于所有形容词、副词同级对比,是最通用、零难度的基础句型。常用倍数:twice(2倍)、three times(3倍)、four times(4倍)。 This room is twice as large as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 句型二:比较级倍数 结构:倍数 + 比较级 + than + 比较对象。侧重“多出几倍”的差值表达,语义为“比……多/大/高几倍”,适配长短、大小、数量、速度对比。 This river is three times longer than that stream. 这条河比那条小溪长三倍。 句型三:名词型倍数 结构:倍数 + the + 计量名词(size/length/height/width/age)+ of + 比较对象。书面表达高级句型,适配写作升格,计量名词固定专用、不可随意替换。 This building is four times the height of the house. 这栋楼是那栋平房的四倍高。 表格2:高频计量名词与进阶用法 计量维度 固定名词+用法示例 经典例句 尺寸/面积 size(尺寸、面积)、area(面积),多用于描述空间、场地、物体大小对比。示例:twice the size of...(是……的两倍大) Our playground is twice the size of yours. 我们的操场是你们操场的两倍大。 长短/距离 length(长度)、distance(距离),用于道路、河流、线路、行程对比。示例:three times the length of...(是……的三倍长) This road is three times the length of the old one. 这条路是老路的三倍长。 高度/宽度 height(高度)、width(宽度),用于建筑、物体、身形高低宽窄对比。示例:twice the height of...(是……的两倍高) The tower is twice the height of the tree. 这座塔是这棵树的两倍高。 数量/年龄 number(数量)、age(年龄),用于人数、物件数量、年龄差值对比。示例:twice the number of...(是……的两倍数量) The club has twice the number of members now. 这个社团现在的成员数量翻倍了。 表格3:核心易错点与特殊规则 易错考点 规则解析与避坑指南 正误示例 倍数词汇特殊变形 两倍固定用twice(无two times常规写法);三倍及以上统一用「基数词+times」(three times、four times),无特殊变形,是拼写高频考点。 正:twice larger 错:two times larger 句型语义差值 as...as句型、the+名词+of句型表“是……几倍”;比较级+than句型表“比……多几倍”,二者语义差值不同,不可混用。 A is twice as big as B(A是B两倍) 固定搭配禁忌 the+计量名词结构中,必须加定冠词the;倍数词前置,不可后置;计量名词无复数变形,统一用单数形式。 正:twice the size 错:twice size 主谓一致规则 倍数结构作主语时,谓语动词单复数由核心名词决定,和倍数词无关,适配语法填空高频考点。 Twice the number is enough. 双倍数量足够了。 【衔接核心总结】 初中重点掌握as...as基础倍数句型,能识别简单倍数句子;高中进阶掌握三大完整句型互换、高级名词型倍数结构、语义辨析与写作运用,是图表作文数据表达、复合句升格的核心素材,也是语法填空易错考点。 【经典例句】 The new library is three times as big as the old one in our school. 新图书馆的面积是我校旧图书馆的三倍。 The population of this town is twice the size of it ten years ago. 这个小镇的人口是十年前的两倍。 This new highway is twice longer than the original country road. 这条新公路比原来的乡间公路长两倍。 The number of students is four times that of five years ago. 现在的学生人数是五年前的四倍。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意补全倍数句型,每空一词 1. This garden is _______ _______ as big as the balcony.(两倍) 2. This box is three times the _______ of that one.(尺寸) 3. The river is twice _______ than the small stream.(更长) 4. The new classroom is four times _______ large _______ the old one. 参考答案:1.twice as 2.size 3.longer 4.as; as 三、数词专项综合训练 本板块整合基数词、序数词、分数词全部考点,综合考查基础变形、拼写规则、词义辨析、主谓一致、初高中衔接高阶用法,全面巩固数词核心知识点。 (一)句子填空(语法变形填空) 根据句意,用括号内数词的正确形式填空,每空一词 1. This is the _______ (three) time we take part in the team activity. 2. _______ (hundred) of books are stored in our school library. 3. Two _______ (five) of the village is covered with green grass. 4. There are _______ (thirty) days in this month of the year. 5. He is the _______ (twenty) student to receive the prize. 6. _______ (thousand) of visitors come here every holiday. 7. One _______ (four) of the money is used for public welfare. 8. We have learned _______ (nine) units of English this term. 9. She wants to have a _______ (two) try to get better grades. 10. Three _______ (seven) of the workers are young people. 参考答案:1.third 2.Hundreds 3.fifths 4.thirty 5.twentieth 6.Thousands 7.fourth 8.nine 9.second 10.sevenths (二)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. There are over two _______ students in our senior high school. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of 2. He became the _______ person to finish the long difficult race. A. one B. two C. first D. twice 3. _______ of the land in this area is covered with forests. A. Two third B. Second third C. Two three D. Two thirds 4. _______ of teenagers love listening to music in free time. A. Hundred B. Two hundred C. Hundreds D. Two hundreds 5. This is the _______ time that I visit this famous museum. A. five B. fifth C. fives D. fifths 6. About _______ students took part in the school English test. A. three hundreds B. three hundred C. hundred of D. three hundred of 7. One _______ of the books on the shelf are story books. A. third B. three C. threes D. thirds 8. She tried a _______ time and finally succeeded in the end. A. two B. twice C. double D. second 9. _______ of the teachers in our school are young graduates. A. Three fifth B. Third five C. Three fifths D. Third fifths 10. There are _______ beautiful flowers in the city park in spring. A. thousand of B. two thousands C. thousands of D. two thousand of 11. He is the _______ tallest boy in our entire grade. A. fourth B. four C. fours D. fourths 12. Two _______ of the water in the lake has been polluted. A. ten B. tenth C. tens D. tenths 13. We need a _______ chance to correct our careless mistakes. A. three B. third C. thrice D. threes 14. Over five _______ people joined the charity activity last weekend. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 15. _______ of the homework has been finished before dinner. A. One seconds B. Two first C. One second D. Two one 参考答案:1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.C (三)完成句子 根据中文提示,用数词知识点完成英文句子,每空一词 1. 这是我第二次参加英语演讲比赛。 This is the _______ _______ that I join the English speech competition. 2. 我们学校有八百名学生勤奋好学。 There are _______ _______ students studying hard in our school. 3. 五分之三的学生每天坚持进行体育锻炼。 _______ _______ of students keep doing sports every day. 4. 每年有成百上千的游客来到这座美丽的小城。 _______ _______ visitors come to this beautiful town every year. 5. 四分之一的作业需要在课前完成。 _______ _______ of the homework needs finishing before class. 6. 他再一次尝试,最终成功解决了这道难题。 He tried a _______ _______ and solved the hard problem finally. 7. 这片区域三分之二的树木四季常青。 _______ _______ of the trees in this area are evergreen. 8. 这座大楼有二十层,十分高大壮观。 This tall building has _______ _______ and looks very grand. 9. 我们班五分之二的同学擅长英语口语。 _______ _______ of the students in our class are good at oral English. 10. 上千本图书被捐赠给乡村学校。 _______ _______ books are donated to rural schools. 参考答案:1.second time 2.eight hundred 3.Three fifths 4.Hundreds of 5.One fourth 6.second time 7.Two thirds 8.twenty floors 9.Two fifths 10.Thousands of 第九天•介词 介词是英语最基础、考频最高的功能词性,用于表示名词、代词、从句与句中其他成分的逻辑关系,涵盖时间、地点、方式、原因、伴随、所属等语义。介词贯穿初高中全部题型,是语法填空、单项选择、短文改错、书面表达、完形填空的核心得分点,同时也是复合句、非谓语、固定搭配的学习根基。 英语介词体系核心分为三大必考类别:时间介词、地点方位介词、方式伴随介词,同时包含初高中重难点:固定介词搭配、介词辨析、介词复合结构、介词短语高阶用法。初中侧重基础识记与简单运用,高中侧重语境辨析、固定搭配、句式升格与易错陷阱,是初高中语法衔接的核心基础模块。 一、介词整体初高中衔接总览 介词知识点层层递进、无学习断层,初高中考查核心差异集中在“基础识记”与“语境活用、辨析避坑”的能力跃迁。初中侧重识别基础介词、掌握简单搭配;高中侧重形近义近介词辨析、特殊固定短语、介词复合结构、抽象语境运用,是语法失分重灾区。 学习维度 初中基础要求 高中进阶要求 词义掌握 熟记常用基础介词字面含义,掌握时间、地点基础用法,无复杂辨析 掌握近义介词细微差异、抽象引申含义、一词多义、语境精准选用 搭配运用 识记简单固定搭配,适配基础单句、简单语境填空 掌握动词/名词/形容词高阶介词搭配、介词短语、固定句式结构 句法功能 掌握介词短语作定语、状语基础用法,适配简单句 掌握介词复合结构、介词短语作插入语、独立成分,适配复合句与写作升格 考点难度 基础填空、简单单选、基础改错,考点单一无干扰 词义辨析、固定搭配、语法填空、短文改错、写作高级句式运用 二、三大核心介词分类精讲(含初高中衔接用法) (一)时间介词 定义:用于表示动作、状态发生的具体时间、时段、先后顺序的介词,是初高中最基础、最高频的介词考点,核心用于时间填空、句式时态搭配。 【分类精讲】 时间介词体系清晰、规则性强,本节整合全学段考点,不分初高中拆分,从点时间介词、段时间介词、特殊时间介词、易混辨析四个维度,通过三张独立表格系统精讲用法、规则与易错点。 表格1:基础时间介词(on/in/at 必考三巨头) 介词 核心规则与适用场景 经典例句 at 用于具体时刻、短暂时间点、固定节日。适配整点、黎明、夜晚、年龄节点。常用搭配:at six、at noon、at night、at the age of ten。 We usually have breakfast at seven o'clock every morning. 我们通常早上七点吃早餐。 on 用于具体某日、星期、节日、有修饰的早中晚。只要时间精准到某一天,统一用on。例:on Monday、on June 1st、on a rainy morning。 Our school sports meeting will be held on Friday. 我们学校的运动会将在周五举行。 in 用于宽泛时间段:年、月、季节、世纪、泛指早中晚。常用搭配:in 2025、in winter、in May、in the morning。高中拓展:in+时间段表“多久之后”。 Many flowers bloom in spring and make the world beautiful. 许多花儿在春天绽放,装点世界。 表格2:时段与先后时间介词(拓展高频词) 介词 核心规则与初高中差异 经典例句 for 后接时间段,表动作持续时长,是现在完成时核心标志词。初中识记搭配,高中重点考查与since的时态辨析。例:for three days、for a year。 I have learned English for more than eight years. 我已经学了八年多英语。 since 后接过去时间点,表“自从……以来”,专属完成时搭配。初中基础识记,高中重点考查时态主谓一致。例:since 2020、since last week。 He has lived here since he was a little child. 他从小就居住在这里。 before/after before表“在……之前”,after表“在……之后”,可接时间名词或时间从句。初中基础用法,高中拓展用于非谓语结构句式。 We should wash hands before every meal to keep healthy. 我们应该饭前洗手保持健康。 during 后接时间段名词,表“在……期间”,强调动作在时段内发生,不接从句,是初高中通用高频词。 We took many photos during the summer vacation. 我们在暑假期间拍了很多照片。 表格3:时间介词高频易错辨析(初高中重难点) 易混组合 辨析规则与避坑要点 正误示例 in / after in+时间段:用于将来时,表“多久之后”;after+时间段:用于过去时,表“多久之后”,时态适配是高中核心考点。 正:He will return in three days. 正:He returned after three days. for / since for+时长(段),since+起点(点);二者均搭配完成时,是语法填空最高频辨析陷阱。 正:for two years 正:since 2023 on特殊修饰 早中晚被形容词、天气、日期修饰时,必须用on,替换默认in,是初中必考、高中常考易错点。 正:on a cold morning 错:in a cold morning 【衔接核心总结】 初中核心掌握on/in/at基础时间规则、for/during简单用法;高中重点突破时态搭配辨析、in与after时态差异、since句式用法,是完成时、将来时语法填空的核心考点。 【经典例句】 The new semester will start in September this year. 新学期将于今年九月开启。 We have an important school meeting on Tuesday afternoon. 我们周二下午有一场重要的校会。 He has kept the good habit for nearly ten years. 他保持这个好习惯将近十年了。 Many students take part in all kinds of activities during weekends. 许多学生周末参与各类活动。 【小试牛刀】 用正确的时间介词填空 1. We will have a picnic _______ Sunday morning. 2. People usually go to bed late _______ night. 3. She has studied piano _______ five years. 4. Trees turn green _______ spring every year. 参考答案:1.on 2.at 3.for 4.in (二)地点方位介词 定义:用于表示人、事物所处位置、方位、相对距离的介词,覆盖静态位置、动态移动、方位对比三大场景,是初高中改错、填空、写作高频考点。 【分类精讲】 本节整合全学段方位介词考点,从静态位置介词、动态移动介词、方位对比易错辨析三个维度,三张独立表格系统精讲,适配初高中基础与高阶用法。 表格1:核心静态地点介词 介词 核心规则与适用场景 经典例句 in 表示大范围、内部空间,用于城市、国家、房间、区域内部。高中拓展:用于抽象领域、方面。 There are many bright classrooms in our new school. 我们的新学校有许多明亮的教室。 on 表示物体表面接触,强调附着、贴合。用于桌面、墙面、地面、楼层等平面场景。 There is a beautiful picture on the white wall. 白色的墙面上挂着一幅漂亮的画。 at 表示小地点、具体点位,用于车站、门口、路口、站点等精准小位置。 I will wait for you at the school gate after class. 放学后我会在校门口等你。 under/below under指正下方、垂直下方;below泛指位置低于,无垂直限制,是高中辨析重点。 The little cat is sleeping under the wooden table. 小猫正在木桌底下睡觉。 over/above over指正上方、悬空覆盖;above泛指位置高于,无垂直、覆盖限制。 A bridge stretches over the wide river peacefully. 一座大桥横跨宽阔的河面。 表格2:动态移动与方位介词 介词 核心规则与用法 经典例句 into/out of into表“进入内部”,out of表“从内部出去”,强调动态位移过程,区别于in/out静态状态。 Please come into the classroom and take your seat. 请走进教室并入座。 across/through across横穿表面(马路、河流);through穿过内部(森林、人群、隧道),是初高中顶级易错点。 We must look carefully before walking across the road. 过马路前我们必须仔细观察。 along 表“沿着、顺着”,用于道路、河岸、线路延伸方向,适配动态行走、行驶场景。 Many people take a walk along the river after dinner. 许多人饭后沿河散步。 past 表“经过、路过”,侧重从物体旁顺势经过,不停留、不穿过。 The fast train runs past small villages every day. 这辆快车每天途经许多小村庄。 表格3:方位介词高阶辨析(高中必考) 易混考点 详细辨析与避坑规则 示例对比 in / on / at 地点 大区域用in,平面接触用on,具体小点位用at;写作、改错高频考查混用错误。 in Beijing / on the desk / at the station across / through 表面横穿across,内部穿透through;马路、河流用across,森林、人群、空间用through。 across the street / through the forest over / above over含覆盖、垂直正对;above仅位置更高,无垂直、覆盖含义,抽象温度、高度多用above。 over the river / above zero 【衔接核心总结】 初中掌握基础方位介词字面用法、简单辨析;高中重点攻克across/through、over/above精准辨析、静态与动态介词差异,是完形、改错、语法填空核心失分点。 【经典例句】 Several lovely birds are flying above the green mountains. 几只可爱的小鸟在青山上空飞翔。 We walked through the quiet forest and enjoyed fresh air. 我们穿过幽静的森林,呼吸新鲜空气。 Students line up along the corridor and walk quietly. 学生们沿着走廊列队安静行走。 You can find the bookstore at the corner of this street. 你可以在这条街的拐角处找到这家书店。 【小试牛刀】 用正确的方位介词填空 1. The plane is flying _______ the clouds. 2. Walk _______ the bridge and you will see the park. 3. He lives _______ a small village in the countryside. 4. The ball rolls _______ the chair. 参考答案:1.above 2.across 3.in 4.under (三)方式、原因、伴随介词(高阶核心) 定义:用于表示动作发生的方式、手段、原因、伴随状态、所属关系的介词,是初高中衔接最高阶、考频最高的板块,适配写作升格、复合句、固定搭配考点。 【分类精讲】 本节整合初高中全部高阶考点,从方式手段介词、原因目的介词、伴随所属介词、高频固定搭配四个维度,三张表格系统精讲,攻克介词难点。 表格1:方式与手段核心介词 介词 核心规则与初高中差异 经典例句 by 表方式、手段、交通工具,后接名词/动名词。初中掌握交通方式;高中拓展by doing(通过做某事)高阶句型。 We can improve English by reading every day. 我们可以通过每日阅读提升英语。 with 表用工具、伴随、带有,后接具体工具、身体部位、伴随特征,是写作万能介词。 She writes beautiful articles with her pen. 她用笔写出优美的文章。 in 表方式、语言、音色、材料,后接语言、声音、字体、材质,抽象方式专用。例:in English、in a low voice。 We usually communicate in English in our oral class. 口语课上我们常用英语交流。 through 表凭借途径、渠道,侧重抽象方式、过程途径,是高中写作升格高级用法。 We gain knowledge through constant learning. 我们通过不断学习获取知识。 表格2:原因、目的、伴随介词 介词 核心规则与辨析 经典例句 for 表目的、原因、对象,侧重为了某人/某事,适配目的状语、感谢、道歉等固定搭配。 He studies hard for his future and dreams. 他为自己的未来和梦想努力学习。 because of 纯介词短语,后接名词/代词,表直接原因,区别于because从句,是改错高频考点。 The sports meeting was put off because of bad weather. 运动会因天气恶劣推迟。 with/without 表伴随拥有/缺失,with表带有、伴随;without表没有、缺失,高中可引导独立主格结构。 We cannot finish the task without your help. 没有你的帮助我们无法完成任务。 of 表所属、性质、特征,用于所有格、品质描述、固定形容词搭配。 It is very kind of you to help me out. 你能帮我摆脱困境真是太好了。 表格3:方式介词终极易错辨析(初高中必考) 易混组合 精准辨析规则 对比例句 by / with / in by表方式手段/交通;with表具体工具;in表抽象方式、语言、材质,三者不可混用。 by bus / with a pen / in French because / because of because连词+完整从句;because of介词短语+名词,是改错最高频陷阱。 because it rains / because of rain for / to 目的 for侧重对象、用途;to侧重动作指向、目的地,适配固定搭配辨析。 a gift for you / go to school 【衔接核心总结】 初中掌握基础方式、交通、伴随介词用法;高中重点突破by doing句型、because of介词短语、with伴随结构、形近义近辨析,是写作升格、语法填空、短文改错核心考点。 【经典例句】 We can solve many problems through teamwork and communication. 我们可以通过团队合作与沟通解决许多问题。 Most students go to school by bike in our neighborhood. 我们小区大多数学生骑自行车上学。 He was late for school because of the heavy morning traffic. 他因早高峰交通拥堵上学迟到。 A girl with long hair stood quietly by the window just now. 刚才一位长发女孩静静站在窗边。 【小试牛刀】 用合适的介词或介词短语填空 1. I usually go to school _______ foot every day. 2. She improved her grades _______ practicing every night. 3. We stopped hiking _______ the heavy rain. 4. Please talk to others _______ a polite way. 参考答案:1.on 2.by 3.because of 4.in (四)初高中高频固定介词搭配(提分专项) 说明:介词固定搭配是初高中最大拉分点,初中侧重基础短语,高中侧重高阶动词、形容词、名词介词搭配,本节统一整合必考短语,适配考试与写作。 表格1:动词+介词 必考搭配 固定搭配 中文释义 经典例句 look for 寻找(强调过程) I am looking for my missing notebook everywhere. 我正在到处寻找我丢失的笔记本。 wait for 等待、等候 We should wait for our turn politely in public. 我们在公共场合应礼貌排队等候。 depend on 依靠、取决于(高中高频) Success depends on your hard work and persistence. 成功取决于你的努力与坚持。 believe in 信任、信仰、相信价值 We should believe in ourselves when facing difficulties. 面对困境我们要相信自己。 表格2:形容词+介词 必考搭配 固定搭配 中文释义 经典例句 good at 擅长做某事 Most of the students are good at learning new knowledge. 大多数学生擅长学习新知识。 afraid of 害怕、担心 Don't be afraid of challenges in your study life. 不要害怕学习生活中的挑战。 famous for 因……而出名 This city is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 这座城市因优美的自然风光闻名。 strict with/in strict with sb.对人严格;strict in sth.对事严格 Teachers are strict with us in our daily study. 老师对我们的日常学习严格要求。 【衔接核心总结】 介词固定搭配是初高中英语的核心提分关键点,存在明显学习梯度。初中以记忆基础、高频简单搭配为主,侧重机械识记、适配基础填空和简单句式;高中不再局限于单一背诵,重点考查搭配精准辨析、语境灵活运用、写作句式升格,同一介词搭配不同动词/形容词会产生完全不同的语义,也是短文改错、语法填空、书面表达的高频失分点。熟练掌握固定介词搭配,能彻底解决搭配混用、错用的问题,夯实长难句分析与高级写作基础。 【经典例句】 We should always believe in our ability to overcome difficulties in study and life. 我们要始终相信自己有能力克服学习和生活中的困难。 Our teachers are strict with every student and strict in all teaching tasks. 我们的老师对每一位学生严格要求,对各项教学工作严谨细致。 The beautiful small town is famous for its clean environment and special local snacks. 这座美丽的小镇因干净的环境和特色本地小吃而闻名。 Our final success always depends on our daily efforts and persistent practice. 我们最终的成功往往取决于日常的付出与持之以恒的练习。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意,选用合适的固定介词搭配填空 1. As students, we should be good _______ managing our time wisely. 2. The little girl is afraid _______ speaking in front of strangers. 3. Good grades depend _______ hard work and correct learning methods. 4. Guilin is famous _______ its amazing natural mountains and waters. 参考答案:1.at 2.of 3.on 4.for 三、介词专项综合训练 (一)句子填空(语法变形填空) 根据句意,填入合适的介词,每空一词 1. We will have a school trip _______ October 12th. 2. He goes to school _______ bike every weekday morning. 3. You should be careful _______ your spelling in the exam. 4. Many birds live _______ the big trees in summer. 5. She succeeded _______ practicing day and night. 6. We can't finish the task _______ your help. 7. The meeting was put off _______ the heavy rain. 8. He is good _______ playing the piano and singing songs. 9. People usually stay indoors _______ winter. 10. Walk _______ the road carefully to keep safe. 参考答案:1.on 2.by 3.with 4.in 5.by 6.without 7.because of 8.at 9.in 10.across (二)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. We usually have our first class _______ eight o'clock in the morning. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. He has lived in this city _______ ten years ago. A. for B. since C. in D. after 3. We traveled _______ the forest and saw many wild flowers. A. across B. through C. over D. above 4. She improved her oral English _______ speaking every day. A. by B. with C. in D. for 5. The sports meeting was canceled _______ bad weather. A. because B. because of C. so D. though 6. There is a bright lamp _______ the big desk. A. over B. under C. in D. at 7. We should be strict _______ ourselves in senior high school. A. in B. on C. with D. for 8. He will come back _______ three days. A. in B. after C. before D. at 9. Many students take a walk _______ the river after dinner. A. across B. along C. through D. past 10. We can communicate _______ English in our English class. A. with B. by C. in D. on 11. The little girl is afraid _______ walking alone at night. A. of B. to C. with D. in 12. This small town is famous _______ its fresh fruits. A. as B. for C. with D. about 13. No one can succeed _______ hard work. A. with B. without C. by D. through 14. He waited _______ me at the school gate yesterday. A. for B. to C. with D. on 15. You can improve your writing _______ more practice. A. in B. at C. through D. above 参考答案:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C (三)完成句子 根据中文提示,用介词知识点完成英文句子,每空一词 1. 我们在五月一日举办校园艺术节。 We hold our school art festival _______ _______ _______. 2. 他通过每天晨读提升英语水平。 He improves his English _______ _______ every morning. 3. 孩子们喜欢沿着河边散步。 Children like walking _______ the river bank. 4. 因为大雨,航班延误了。 The flight was delayed _______ _______ the heavy rain. 5. 我们应该严格要求自己的学习态度。 We should be strict _______ our study attitude. 6. 这位老师擅长用简单的方式讲解知识点。 The teacher is good at explaining knowledge _______ a simple way. 7. 没有坚持,我们无法取得进步。 We can't make progress _______ perseverance. 8. 这座古镇因古朴的建筑闻名于世。 This ancient town is famous _______ its old-style buildings. 9. 这位小男孩害怕在黑暗中独自走路。 The little boy is afraid _______ walking alone in the dark. 10. 三年来,我一直坚持每天练习英语口语。 I have kept practicing oral English every day _______ three years. 参考答案:1.on May 1st 2.by reading 3.along 4.because of 5.in 6.in 7.without 8.for 9.of 10.for 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划 (7-9) 第七天•代词 代词是英语核心基础词性,用于替代名词、名词短语或整句内容,规避语句重复、精简句式结构,是贯穿初高中语法的核心必考考点。代词覆盖语法填空、单项选择、短文改错、书面表达、句式分析等全部题型,同时是定语从句、名词性从句、主谓一致等高中重难点的学习根基。 英语代词共分为八大核心类别:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词、相互代词。各类代词用法层层递进,初中侧重基础识别与简单句式运用,高中侧重语境辨析、特殊陷阱、复合句式活用与语法适配,是初高中语法衔接的核心模块。 一、代词整体初高中衔接总览 代词学习无断层、层层递进,初高中考查核心差异集中在基础应用与高阶辨析的区别,整体衔接规律如下:初中侧重“识记、变形、简单造句”,掌握代词基础形式与基础句法功能;高中侧重“辨析、特殊用法、句式适配、避坑纠错”,深挖同类代词差异、特殊句式搭配、复合句适配规则。 学习维度 初中基础要求 高中进阶要求 形式掌握 熟记各类代词单复数、格的基础变形,无复杂拓展 掌握特殊变形、隐性变形,区分形近、义近代词差异 句法功能 掌握主、宾、定基础成分,适配简单句 掌握表语、同位语、替代省略用法,适配复合句 语境运用 单一语境选词,无干扰项,规则固定 结合肯否定、疑问、倒装、从句语境,灵活辨析 考点难度 基础识记、简单填空、基础单选 易混辨析、句式改错、语法填空、写作升格 二、八大代词分类精讲(含初高中衔接用法) (一)人称代词 定义:专门指代人或事物的代词,是所有代词的基础,核心区分主格与宾格,承担句子核心主干成分。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心分类 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 主格 I/you/he/she/it/we/they,句首作主语,发出动作 适配倒装句、强调句,可用于独立主格结构 He always keeps working hard for his future dreams. 他始终为自己的未来梦想奋力拼搏。 宾格 me/you/him/her/it/us/them,动词、介词后作宾语 可用于省略句、口语省略结构,介词后置必用宾格 Our teachers always encourage us to stick to our goals. 老师常常鼓励我们坚守自己的目标。 【衔接核心总结】 初中只需熟记变形、掌握简单句主谓宾用法;高中重点突破特殊句式中的格的选用,规避倒装、省略、介词搭配中的易错陷阱,是复合句句式分析的基础。 【经典例句】 We should learn to reflect on ourselves every single day. 我们应当学会每日反思自我。 It helps him improve his ability to solve practical problems. 这帮助他提升解决实际问题的能力。 They support each other and make progress together daily. 他们互相扶持,每日共同进步成长。 She shows great patience to every student around her. 她对身边的每一位学生都极具耐心。 【小试牛刀】 用正确的人称代词形式填空 1. _______ (I) am willing to help others in need at any time. 2. My parents always care about _______ (I) study and life. 3. _______ (they) are preparing for the coming school sports meeting. 4. The kind boy often helps _______ (she) with her homework. (二)物主代词 定义:专门表示人或事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两类,是书面表达高频用词。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心分类 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 形容词性物主代词 my/your/his/her,后必须接名词,作定语修饰名词 适配固定搭配、抽象名词,用于书面表达升格句式 His positive attitude influences everyone in our class greatly. 他积极的心态深深影响着班里每个人。 名词性物主代词 mine/yours/his/hers,单独使用,等同于形物代+名词 用于对比句式、省略结构,规避语句重复,适配复合句 My dream is simple while yours is more meaningful and great. 我的梦想简单,而你的更有意义、更加伟大。 【衔接核心总结】 初中核心掌握“形物代接名词、名物代单独用”;高中重点突破对比句式、省略句式中的名物代活用,解决写作重复啰嗦问题,适配完形与语法填空高频考点。 【经典例句】 Our classroom is bright and tidy every single morning. 我们的教室每日清晨都明亮又整洁。 Yours is a precious chance that you must cherish fully. 你的机会十分珍贵,你必须好好珍惜。 Her patience and kindness win respect from all teachers. 她的耐心与善良赢得了所有老师的尊重。 Their effort finally brings them unexpected good results. 他们的努力最终为自己带来了惊喜的收获。 【小试牛刀】 用合适的物主代词填空 1. This is not my pen. _______ (I) is in my schoolbag. 2. We should value _______ (we) time during junior high school. 3. Her grades are better than _______ (you) in this exam. 4. _______ (he) advice is always useful for our daily study. (三)反身代词 定义:表示“自身、自己”的代词,主要用于强调动作作用于主语本身,或构成固定搭配。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心用法 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 固定搭配 by oneself独自、enjoy oneself玩得开心等基础搭配 adapt oneself to、devote oneself to 高阶动词搭配 We can adapt ourselves to the new school life quickly. 我们可以快速适应全新的校园生活。 句法功能 作宾语、同位语,简单句中表自我动作 用于复合句、非谓语结构,强化句式严谨性 He taught himself English and made great progress soon. 他自学英语,很快就取得了巨大进步。 【衔接核心总结】 初中掌握基础固定搭配与简单句法;高中拓展高阶动词搭配、复合句中反身代词的主谓一致用法,是写作高级句式的常用素材。 【经典例句】 You should believe yourself and stick to your own choice. 你要相信自己,坚守自己的选择。 They enjoyed themselves during the meaningful study trip. 他们在有意义的研学之旅中收获满满。 She pushes herself to make progress every single day. 她督促自己每一天都努力取得进步。 We should remind ourselves to keep humble all the time. 我们要时刻提醒自己保持谦逊。 【小试牛刀】 用反身代词正确形式填空 1. He can finish all his homework by _______ (he). 2. We should challenge _______ (we) in difficult situations. 3. The little girl can dress _______ (she) now. 4. Please help _______ (you) to some fresh fruit, kids. (四)指示代词 定义:用于指代远近、前后的人或事物,核心区分单复数与时间、空间差异,指代明确。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心词汇 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 this/these 近指当下事物、近处物品,单数/复数区分 指代前文整句话内容,用于句式承接与总结 This is the key reason why we keep working hard. 这就是我们坚持努力的核心原因。 that/those 远指远处、过往事物,区分单复数基础指代 用于同类事物对比,that代单数/不可数,those代复数 The rules today are stricter than those in the past. 如今的规则比过去的更加严格规范。 【衔接核心总结】 初中仅掌握空间远近指代、单复数区分;高中核心突破对比替代用法、整句指代用法,是完形填空、语法填空高频考点,也是写作句式衔接的关键。 【经典例句】 These small efforts will finally bring you big success. 这些微小的努力终将为你带来巨大的成功。 That wonderful experience changes my attitude towards life. 那段美好的经历改变了我的生活态度。 This is the best way to improve your oral English quickly. 这是快速提升英语口语的最佳方式。 Those who persist in studying will gain endless progress. 坚持学习的人会收获源源不断的进步。 【小试牛刀】 选用 this/these/that/those 填空 1. _______ book on the desk is very useful for beginners. 2. The weather in spring is warmer than _______ in winter. 3. _______ beautiful flowers attract many visitors every day. 4. The opinions of young people are different from _______ of the old. (五)疑问代词 定义:用于引导特殊疑问句、对人或事物进行提问的代词,可在句中充当多种成分。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心词汇 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 who/whom/whose who问主语、whom问宾语、whose问所属 可引导名词性从句,适配复合句式,辨析主宾用法 Who is responsible for this meaningful group activity? 谁负责这场有意义的集体活动? what/which what泛指提问事物,which特指限定范围事物 what无范围、which有范围,适配从句与省略问句 Which subject do you think is the most interesting one? 你认为哪一门学科最有趣? 【衔接核心总结】 初中仅掌握简单疑问句用法;高中衔接名词性从句引导用法,是高中从句体系的入门基础,实现简单问句到复合句式的进阶。 【经典例句】 What makes you keep moving forward in tough times? 是什么让你在困境中坚持前行? Whose advice do you usually trust and follow most? 你最常信任并听从谁的建议? Which way is more effective to memorize English words? 哪种背英语单词的方法更加高效? Whom will you invite to join your birthday party? 你会邀请谁来参加你的生日派对? 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的疑问代词 1. _______ is your favorite season in the whole year? 2. _______ bag is the most suitable for your daily school life? 3. _______ did you meet during your summer vacation? 4. _______ dream is the most worthy of persistent pursuit? (六)关系代词 定义:专门用于引导定语从句、连接主句与从句的代词,是初高中语法衔接的核心重难点。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心词汇 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 who/whom/that who/that指人,基础引导简单定语从句 辨析省略规则、介词提前用法、特殊先行词适配 The girl who helps others is very popular in our class. 这个乐于助人的女孩在班里很受欢迎。 which/whose which指物,whose表所属,基础从句应用 非限制性定语从句用法、as/which特殊辨析 The book which I read yesterday is extremely inspiring. 我昨天读的这本书极具启发意义。 【衔接核心总结】 初中仅掌握限制性定语从句基础引导;高中重点突破非限制性定语从句、介词+关系代词、特殊先行词陷阱,是高中复合句核心考点,衔接初高中句式体系。 【经典例句】 The teacher who teaches us English is always patient. 教我们英语的老师始终十分耐心温柔。 The dream that we stick to will come true one day. 我们坚守的梦想终有一天会实现。 The book which covers basic knowledge is very helpful. 这本涵盖基础知识的书籍十分实用。 The boy whose attitude is positive always makes progress. 心态积极的男孩总能不断取得进步。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的关系代词 1. The person _______ helps me a lot is my English teacher. 2. The book _______ I bought last week is quite useful. 3. This is the best movie _______ I have ever watched. 4. The girl _______ handwriting is beautiful sits beside me. (七)不定代词 定义:指代不确定、不特指的人或事物,是初高中最易混淆、考查频率最高的代词类别。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 易混组别 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 some/any some肯定句、any否定疑问句基础用法 some用于委婉请求问句,any表“任一”特殊含义 Could you give me some useful advice on English study? 你能给我一些英语学习的实用建议吗? all/both both两者都、all三者及以上都 适配部分否定、全部否定句式,辨析主谓一致 All of the students take part in the voluntary activity. 全体学生都参与了这次志愿活动。 none/nothing 均表否定,基础理解“没有、无” none指代数量可接of,nothing指代事物不接of None of the plans in the meeting are difficult to carry out. 会议中的所有计划都不难落实执行。 【衔接核心总结】 初中只需识记基础语义与句式适配;高中核心攻克否定句式、主谓一致、形近义近精准辨析,是语法填空、改错、完形的高频易错考点。 【经典例句】 Nothing can stop a determined person from chasing dreams. 没有什么能阻挡坚定的人追逐梦想。 Both of my best friends support my study and growth. 我的两个挚友都支持我的学习与成长。 Any student can make progress with proper learning methods. 任何学生用对方法都能取得进步。 Some small changes can bring huge differences in study. 一些微小的改变能带来学习上的巨大差异。 【小试牛刀】 选用合适的不定代词填空 1. I don’t have _______ spare time to play games on weekdays. 2. _______ of the two answers is wrong, they are both correct. 3. There is _______ new in today’s school newspaper. 4. _______ of the five books is useless for our study. (八)相互代词 定义:表示双方或多方之间相互动作、彼此关系的代词,分为两两相互与多方相互。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心词汇 基础用法(初中) 进阶用法(高中衔接) 经典例句 each other 特指两者之间互相、彼此,基础句式运用 所有格 each other’s,修饰名词表彼此的事物 The two sisters always help each other in daily life. 这对姐妹在日常生活中总是互相帮助。 one another 泛指三者及以上互相、彼此,基础识记 高中可通用,侧重多方协作、彼此依存关系 Team members should respect one another and cooperate well. 团队成员应互相尊重、良好协作。 【衔接核心总结】 初中掌握两者/多者基础区分;高中重点掌握相互代词所有格用法、写作句式升格,适配书面表达合作、友谊类话题,优化句式表达。 【经典例句】 We should learn from each other and make progress together. 我们应当互相学习,共同进步成长。 Classmates support one another during tough learning days. 同学们在艰难的学习时光中互相扶持。 They understand each other’s shortcomings and accept them. 他们了解并接纳彼此的缺点与不足。 Good friends always encourage one another to pursue dreams. 好朋友总会互相鼓励、追寻梦想。 【小试牛刀】 选用 each other / one another 填空 1. The two brothers trust _______ deeply in all situations. 2. All group members communicate with _______ actively. 3. They have known _______ for more than ten years. 4. The three girls always share stories with _______. 三、代词专项综合训练 (一)句子填空(语法变形填空) 根据句意,用括号内代词的正确形式填空,每空一词 1. We should trust _______ (we) and face difficulties bravely. 2. This book is mine and _______ (you) is on the shelf over there. 3. The girl _______ handwriting is good studies very hard every day. 4. _______ (no) of the students in our class hates studying hard. 5. He can finish the difficult task by _______ (he) finally. 6. The weather here is better than _______ in big cities. 7. _______ (who) will take part in the coming English competition? 8. All classmates should help _______ (相互) in daily study. 9. I find _______ easy to memorize English words with methods. 10. There isn’t _______ (some) water in the empty bottle. (二)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. My brother likes reading and _______ always reads books after dinner. A. he B. his C. him D. himself 2. This new dictionary is _______, not my sister’s. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 3. You must learn to rely on _______ in your growth journey. A. your B. yours C. yourself D. you 4. There is _______ milk left in the fridge for breakfast. A. few B. many C. some D. no 5. _______ of the two ways is useful for improving listening skills. A. All B. Both C. Neither D. None 6. I find _______ necessary to keep a good learning habit every day. A. that B. it C. this D. one 7. The trees in our school are taller than _______ in the park. A. those B. that C. one D. ones 8. The person _______ we met yesterday is a famous teacher. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 9. They are good friends and they help _______ all the time. A. one another B. another C. other D. the other 10. I need a new pen, so I will buy _______ this afternoon. A. it B. that C. one D. those 11. _______ of the students has finished the homework ahead of time. A. All B. Every C. Each D. Both 12. The climate in the south is much warmer than _______ in the north. A. it B. that C. those D. one 13. She taught _______ foreign languages and achieved great progress. A. her B. hers C. herself D. she 14. Could you show me _______ way to solve this difficult problem? A. some B. any C. either D. one 15. The book _______ cover is blue belongs to my deskmate. A. that B. which C. whose D. who (三)完成句子 根据中文提示,用代词知识点完成英文句子,每空一词 1. 我发现坚持每日阅读对提升英语很有帮助。 I find _______ helpful for _______ to read English every day. 2. 这两本书都对我们的语法学习很有帮助。 _______ _______ the two books are useful for our grammar study. 3. 我们应当学会互相帮助、共同进步。 We should learn to help _______ and make progress together. 4. 这里的空气比城市里的空气更加清新。 The air here is fresher than _______ in the city. 5. 我的学习方法很普通,你的更加高效。 My learning method is common while _______ is more efficient. 6. 所有学生都应当珍惜宝贵的学习时光。 _______ _______ the students should value precious study time. 7. 没有人能轻易放弃自己的梦想。 _______ of us can give up our own dreams easily. 8. 那位乐于助人的男孩赢得了大家的喜爱。 The boy _______ is willing to help others wins everyone’s love. 9. 我们必须适应新环境,让自己变得更加优秀。 We must adapt _______ to the new environment and become better. 10. 我没有什么可以倾诉心事的朋友。 I have _______ friend to share my feelings with. 第八天•数词 数词是英语核心基础词性,用于表示数量、顺序、比例、年代、时间、倍数等概念,是贯穿初高中语法的高频必考考点。数词广泛覆盖语法填空、单项选择、短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解数据解读等全部题型,同时是主谓一致、倍数表达、非谓语结构等高中重难点的学习根基。 英语数词核心分为三大必考类别:基数词、序数词、分数词。三类数词用法层层递进,初中侧重基础读写、简单计数与句式运用,高中侧重特殊变形、固定搭配、语境辨析、倍数与比例高阶用法,是初高中语法衔接的关键基础模块。 一、数词整体初高中衔接总览 数词学习无断层、层层递进,初高中考查核心差异集中在基础识记与高阶活用的区别,整体衔接规律如下:初中侧重“认读、拼写、基础运用”,掌握数词基础形式、简单计数与时间日期表达;高中侧重“辨析、特殊搭配、句式适配、数据表达”,深挖数词固定短语、主谓一致、倍数表达、模糊数字等高阶考点。 学习维度 初中基础要求 高中进阶要求 形式掌握 熟记基础数词拼写、单复数、常规变形,无复杂拓展 掌握特殊变形、复合数词、分数规范写法,规避拼写陷阱 句法功能 掌握作定语、主语、宾语基础用法,适配简单句 掌握倍数表达、比例修饰、模糊数字,适配复合句与写作 语境运用 单一计数、日期、时间语境,规则固定无干扰 结合数据分析、对比句式、固定短语,灵活辨析选用 考点难度 基础拼写、简单填空、基础单选、日期表达 数词辨析、主谓一致、倍数句型、语法填空、写作升格 二、三大数词分类精讲(含初高中衔接用法) (一)基数词 定义:表示人或事物数量多少的数词,是所有数词的基础,核心用于计数、编号、时间、年龄、数量统计。 【分类精讲】 基数词主要用于表示事物的具体数量,是数词体系的基础。本节统一整合全学段核心考点,不分初高中拆分,从基础计数表达、模糊概数表达、编号表达三个维度,结合完整规则、易错点与例句系统讲解。 表格1:基础计数表达(完整读写规则) 分类维度 核心规则与内容 经典例句 1-21基础基数词 1 one、2 two、3 three、4 four、5 five、6 six、7 seven、8 eight、9 nine、10 ten、11 eleven、12 twelve、13 thirteen、14 fourteen、15 fifteen、16 sixteen、17 seventeen、18 eighteen、19 nineteen、20 twenty、21 twenty-one。其中11-19为-teen特殊后缀,无通用规律,需单独识记;21及以上两位数,十位与个位之间必须加连字符。 There are twenty-one students in our reading group. 我们阅读小组有二十一名学生。 整十数词(20-90) 20 twenty、30 thirty、40 forty、50 fifty、60 sixty、70 seventy、80 eighty、90 ninety,统一以-ty结尾。重点易错拼写:forty(无u)、fifty、eighty(无重复字母),是考试高频拼写考点。 Thirty students will take part in the school play. 三十名学生将参演校园话剧。 100以上数词 核心单位为hundred(百),通用结构:基数词+hundred+(and)+尾数。英式表达常加and,美式表达可省略。示例:100 one hundred、105 one hundred (and) five、120 one hundred (and) twenty、158 one hundred (and) fifty-eight。 One hundred and fifty people attended the lecture. 一百五十人出席了本次讲座。 1000以上数词 核心单位为thousand(千),遵循英语三位分段读数规则。示例:1000 one thousand、2000 two thousand、1250 one thousand two hundred (and) fifty。英语无“万、十万”独立单词,需换算表达:一万 ten thousand、十万 one hundred thousand。 Two thousand books have been donated to the rural school. 两千本图书已被捐赠给乡村学校。 确数核心规则 当前面有具体数字(one/two等)修饰hundred/thousand时,不加s、不加of,表精准确定数量。多位数书写规范,百位与十位间可加连字符,适配写作、语法填空标准用法。 There are thirty students studying hard in our classroom. 我们教室里有三十名认真学习的学生。 表格2:模糊数字表达(概数短语) 核心短语 固定含义 用法规则 经典例句 hundreds of 数百的、成百上千的 无具体数字修饰,必须搭配of,后接可数名词复数;作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Hundreds of teenagers take part in the voluntary activity yearly. 每年数百名青少年参与这项志愿活动。 thousands of 数千的、成千上万的 无具体数字修饰,必须搭配of,后接可数名词复数,表数量庞大的泛指。 Thousands of visitors come to this scenic spot every holiday. 每个假期都有成千上万的游客来到这个景区。 tens of 数十的、十几个的 无具体数字修饰,搭配of使用,侧重数量较少的零散泛指数量。 Tens of students have finished their homework ahead of time. 数十名学生提前完成了作业。 dozens of 几十个的、许多的 无具体数字修饰,搭配of使用,为日常高频泛指短语,适用场景广泛。 Dozens of books are displayed on the shelf for us to read. 书架上陈列着几十本供我们阅读的书籍。 必考易错规则 确数、概数不可混用 有数字无s无of(two hundred),有s有of无数字(hundreds of),混用即为错误。 错:two hundreds of students 表格3:编号表达(序号用法) 编号类型 核心格式 适用场景 经典例句 专用编号 大写名词 + 基数词(无冠词) 例:Page 20、Room 301 页码、房间号、班级、年级、公交、章节等固定专有标识编号。 You can find key knowledge on Page fifty of this book. 你可以在本书第五十页找到核心知识点。 普通排序 the + 序数词 + 名词(必加the) 例:the first floor、the second prize 楼层、排名、场次、步骤等通用顺序、层级排序场景。 Our classroom is on the third floor of this teaching building. 我们的教室在这栋教学楼的三楼。 长编号/缩写 No. + 数字,直接顺写 例:No. 10 bus、No. 5 Middle School 学号、线路、航班、长序列数字编号,适配读写场景。 The No. 102 bus will take you to the city center directly. 102路公交车可直达市中心。 核心规范 专有无冠、排序带the 仅标识名词首字母大写,基数词无需大写;非正式场景可直接用阿拉伯数字。 错:the Page 50 【经典例句】 Ninety percent of students prefer group learning in daily study. 百分之九十的学生日常更喜欢小组学习。 This school has two thousand students from different cities. 这所学校有两千名来自不同城市的学生。 We have six main subjects to learn during senior high school. 高中阶段我们有六门主要学科需要学习。 Thirty days of persistent practice can improve your English greatly. 三十天的坚持练习能大幅提升你的英语水平。 【小试牛刀】 用括号内基数词的正确形式填空 1. There are _______ (20) boys in our grade class. 2. _______ (hundred) of people join the running race every year. 3. This factory has _______ (two thousand) workers in total. 4. We will finish the task in _______ (nine) days. (二)序数词 定义:表示人或事物顺序、次第的数词,核心含义为“第几”,常用于日期、排名、顺序、层级表达,是书面表达高频用词。 【分类精讲】 序数词主要表示事物的顺序、次第,含义为“第几”,核心覆盖拼写变形、基础搭配、特殊句式三大考点。本节统一整合全学段核心知识点,不分初高中拆分,通过三张独立表格系统讲解完整用法、规则及易错点。 表格1:序数词基础变形规则(拼写体系) 分类类型 变形规则与详细说明 经典例句 1-20基础序数词 多数基数词直接加后缀-th;存在5组必考特殊变形,需重点识记:one→first、two→second、three→third、five→fifth、eight→eighth、nine→ninth、twelve→twelfth。其余常规变形:fourth、sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh、thirteenth等。 She is the first student to arrive at school every day. 她是每天第一个到校的学生。 整十数序数词 20、30、40...90整十基数词,变y为ie,再加-th。变形公式:整十数基数词→变y为ie+th。例:twenty→twentieth、thirty→thirtieth、forty→fortieth、fifty→fiftieth。 He finished the twentieth task in the competition. 他完成了比赛中的第二十个任务。 复合数序数词 几十几的复合基数词,仅个位变序数词,十位保持基数词原形,中间必须加连字符。例:twenty-one→twenty-first、thirty-five→thirty-fifth、ninety-nine→ninety-ninth。 This is my twenty-third year of learning English. 这是我学习英语的第二十三年。 序数词缩写规则 通用缩写:数字+单词最后两个字母。1st (first)、2nd (second)、3rd (third)、4th (fourth),其余数字基本统一加th,是写作、题型填写高频用法。 He lives on the 15th floor of the apartment. 他住在公寓的15楼。 表格2:序数词核心用法与固定搭配 用法场景 核心规则与搭配说明 经典例句 表顺序、排名 序数词表“第几”的固定顺序时,必须加定冠词the,可修饰名词,用于楼层、名次、序号、日期、章节等场景,是最基础、最高频用法。 Our classroom is on the third floor of the building. 我们的教室在教学楼三楼。 表日期、年月 英语日期表达中,月份后接序数词表具体日期,可完整书写或用缩写,整体结构:月份+序数词,可搭配年份使用。 We will have a test on the tenth of October. 我们将在十月十日进行一场测试。 固定高阶句型 the + 序数词 + 名词 + to do sth. 表示“第几个做某事的人/物”,是初高中通用核心句型,常用于人物特征、事件描述。 She is the fifth student to win the school prize. 她是第五位获得校级奖项的学生。 高频固定短语 熟记必考搭配:for the first time 第一次、the first time that... 第一次……、at first 起初,适配单选、语法填空、书面表达。 I joined the club for the first time last term. 我上学期第一次加入这个社团。 表格3:序数词特殊用法与易错点 特殊考点 规则解析与易错警示 经典例句 无the表“再一、又一” 序数词前加不定冠词a/an时,不再表示顺序“第几”,而是引申含义又一、再一,是初高中核心易错陷阱,无顺序含义,侧重重复动作。 We need a second chance to correct our mistakes. 我们需要再一次机会改正错误。 序数词修饰最高级 序数词可修饰形容词最高级,结构:the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词,表示“第几最……的人/物”,适配高中高阶句式与写作升格。 He is the second tallest boy in our grade. 他是我们年级身高第二的男生。 零冠词特殊场景 序数词用于专有名词、固定节日、编号、标题时,默认省略the,首字母常大写,属于固定用法,无需加定冠词。 He won First Prize in the national competition. 他在全国竞赛中荣获一等奖。 核心易错总结 1. 表顺序必加the,表再一用a/an;2. 复合序数词仅个位变形;3. 整十序数词变y为ie+th;4. 专有编号场景省略冠词。 错:a first floor / 对:the first floor 【衔接核心总结】 初中核心掌握序数词变形规则、带the表顺序;高中重点突破无the表“再一、又一”、序数词高阶固定句型,适配复合句与写作升格,是单选与语法填空核心陷阱考点。 【经典例句】 This is the first time that I take part in a big English contest. 这是我第一次参加大型英语竞赛。 People celebrate National Day on the first day of October yearly. 人们每年十月一日庆祝国庆节。 He ranks second in his class after long-term hard work. 经过长期努力,他在班级排名第二。 We will try a third method to solve this complex problem. 我们将尝试第三种方法解决这个复杂问题。 【小试牛刀】 用括号内序数词的正确形式填空 1. This is the _______ (one) time I visit this beautiful city. 2. He is the _______ (five) boy to join the study group. 3. We will have our sports meeting on the _______ (twenty) day. 4. She wants to try a _______ (two) time to improve her score. (三)分数词 定义:用于表示事物部分与整体比例关系的数词,广泛用于数据描述、比例分析、倍数表达,是初高中衔接的重难点考点。 【分类精讲·初高中衔接】 核心分类 基础用法(初中)+ 示例 进阶用法(高中衔接)+ 示例 经典例句 书写规则 通用公式:分子基数词,分母序数词;分子大于1时,分母必须加s。 示例:1/3 one third、2/3 two thirds、1/5 one fifth、3/4 three fourths 掌握复杂分数、固定简化写法,规避拼写错误,适配写作规范。 示例:1/2 one half(无second)、1/4 one fourth / one quarter、3/7 three sevenths Two thirds of the land here is covered with green plants. 这里三分之二的土地被绿植覆盖。 修饰用法 固定结构:分数 + of + 名词,用于简单句修饰人或事物,基础描述数量比例。 示例:one third of students 三分之一的学生、one fifth of water 五分之一的水 核心考点:主谓一致。分数作主语时,谓语动词单复数由of后的名词决定。 示例:Two fifths of the room is empty.(不可数名词,谓语单数) Two fifths of the desks are new.(可数复数,谓语复数) One fourth of the students choose to study online at home. 四分之一的学生选择在家线上学习。 语境拓展 用于基础比例描述,适配简单陈述句,单一语境运用。 示例:One half of the apples are red. 一半的苹果是红色的。 结合倍数、对比句式,用于阅读理解数据解读、图表作文数据表达,适配高阶复合句。 示例:Three fourths of the task has been finished, which saves much time. 四分之三的任务已完成,节省了大量时间。 Three fifths of the task has been finished ahead of time. 五分之三的任务已经提前完成。 【衔接核心总结】 初中只需掌握分数基础书写规则;高中核心攻克分数修饰名词的主谓一致、数据对比句式,是语法填空、改错、阅读理解数据题型的核心考点,也是写作图表作文的必备素材。 【经典例句】 One third of our spare time is used for reading and thinking. 我们三分之一的课余时间用于阅读和思考。 Four fifths of the teachers support this new learning plan. 五分之四的老师都支持这项全新的学习方案。 Two sevenths of the area is covered with clean fresh water. 这片区域的七分之二被洁净的淡水覆盖。 One half of the homework can be finished during class time. 一半的作业可以在课堂时间内完成。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意写出正确的分数英文形式 1. ________ (三分之一) of the trees in the park are tall. 2. ________ (五分之二) of the students like doing sports. 3. ________ (四分之一) of the time has been wasted. 4. ________ (七分之三) of the books are about science. (四)倍数表达法 定义:英语倍数表达是初高中核心衔接考点,用于描述两个事物之间的数量、大小、高低、长短、比例的倍数关系,广泛适配单选、语法填空、改错、书面表达、阅读理解数据对比场景,是数词高阶应用的核心模块。 【分类精讲】 本节统一整合全学段倍数核心考点,不分初高中拆分,从基础核心句型、进阶对比用法、高频易错规则三个维度,通过三张独立表格系统精讲完整用法、搭配及例句,贴合数词整体知识体系。 表格1:三大基础核心倍数句型(必考万能句型) 句型分类 完整结构与详细解析 经典例句 句型一:as...as 同级倍数 结构:倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as + 比较对象。适用于所有形容词、副词同级对比,是最通用、零难度的基础句型。常用倍数:twice(2倍)、three times(3倍)、four times(4倍)。 This room is twice as large as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 句型二:比较级倍数 结构:倍数 + 比较级 + than + 比较对象。侧重“多出几倍”的差值表达,语义为“比……多/大/高几倍”,适配长短、大小、数量、速度对比。 This river is three times longer than that stream. 这条河比那条小溪长三倍。 句型三:名词型倍数 结构:倍数 + the + 计量名词(size/length/height/width/age)+ of + 比较对象。书面表达高级句型,适配写作升格,计量名词固定专用、不可随意替换。 This building is four times the height of the house. 这栋楼是那栋平房的四倍高。 表格2:高频计量名词与进阶用法 计量维度 固定名词+用法示例 经典例句 尺寸/面积 size(尺寸、面积)、area(面积),多用于描述空间、场地、物体大小对比。示例:twice the size of...(是……的两倍大) Our playground is twice the size of yours. 我们的操场是你们操场的两倍大。 长短/距离 length(长度)、distance(距离),用于道路、河流、线路、行程对比。示例:three times the length of...(是……的三倍长) This road is three times the length of the old one. 这条路是老路的三倍长。 高度/宽度 height(高度)、width(宽度),用于建筑、物体、身形高低宽窄对比。示例:twice the height of...(是……的两倍高) The tower is twice the height of the tree. 这座塔是这棵树的两倍高。 数量/年龄 number(数量)、age(年龄),用于人数、物件数量、年龄差值对比。示例:twice the number of...(是……的两倍数量) The club has twice the number of members now. 这个社团现在的成员数量翻倍了。 表格3:核心易错点与特殊规则 易错考点 规则解析与避坑指南 正误示例 倍数词汇特殊变形 两倍固定用twice(无two times常规写法);三倍及以上统一用「基数词+times」(three times、four times),无特殊变形,是拼写高频考点。 正:twice larger 错:two times larger 句型语义差值 as...as句型、the+名词+of句型表“是……几倍”;比较级+than句型表“比……多几倍”,二者语义差值不同,不可混用。 A is twice as big as B(A是B两倍) 固定搭配禁忌 the+计量名词结构中,必须加定冠词the;倍数词前置,不可后置;计量名词无复数变形,统一用单数形式。 正:twice the size 错:twice size 主谓一致规则 倍数结构作主语时,谓语动词单复数由核心名词决定,和倍数词无关,适配语法填空高频考点。 Twice the number is enough. 双倍数量足够了。 【衔接核心总结】 初中重点掌握as...as基础倍数句型,能识别简单倍数句子;高中进阶掌握三大完整句型互换、高级名词型倍数结构、语义辨析与写作运用,是图表作文数据表达、复合句升格的核心素材,也是语法填空易错考点。 【经典例句】 The new library is three times as big as the old one in our school. 新图书馆的面积是我校旧图书馆的三倍。 The population of this town is twice the size of it ten years ago. 这个小镇的人口是十年前的两倍。 This new highway is twice longer than the original country road. 这条新公路比原来的乡间公路长两倍。 The number of students is four times that of five years ago. 现在的学生人数是五年前的四倍。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意补全倍数句型,每空一词 1. This garden is _______ _______ as big as the balcony.(两倍) 2. This box is three times the _______ of that one.(尺寸) 3. The river is twice _______ than the small stream.(更长) 4. The new classroom is four times _______ large _______ the old one. 三、数词专项综合训练 本板块整合基数词、序数词、分数词全部考点,综合考查基础变形、拼写规则、词义辨析、主谓一致、初高中衔接高阶用法,全面巩固数词核心知识点。 (一)句子填空(语法变形填空) 根据句意,用括号内数词的正确形式填空,每空一词 1. This is the _______ (three) time we take part in the team activity. 2. _______ (hundred) of books are stored in our school library. 3. Two _______ (five) of the village is covered with green grass. 4. There are _______ (thirty) days in this month of the year. 5. He is the _______ (twenty) student to receive the prize. 6. _______ (thousand) of visitors come here every holiday. 7. One _______ (four) of the money is used for public welfare. 8. We have learned _______ (nine) units of English this term. 9. She wants to have a _______ (two) try to get better grades. 10. Three _______ (seven) of the workers are young people. (二)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. There are over two _______ students in our senior high school. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of 2. He became the _______ person to finish the long difficult race. A. one B. two C. first D. twice 3. _______ of the land in this area is covered with forests. A. Two third B. Second third C. Two three D. Two thirds 4. _______ of teenagers love listening to music in free time. A. Hundred B. Two hundred C. Hundreds D. Two hundreds 5. This is the _______ time that I visit this famous museum. A. five B. fifth C. fives D. fifths 6. About _______ students took part in the school English test. A. three hundreds B. three hundred C. hundred of D. three hundred of 7. One _______ of the books on the shelf are story books. A. third B. three C. threes D. thirds 8. She tried a _______ time and finally succeeded in the end. A. two B. twice C. double D. second 9. _______ of the teachers in our school are young graduates. A. Three fifth B. Third five C. Three fifths D. Third fifths 10. There are _______ beautiful flowers in the city park in spring. A. thousand of B. two thousands C. thousands of D. two thousand of 11. He is the _______ tallest boy in our entire grade. A. fourth B. four C. fours D. fourths 12. Two _______ of the water in the lake has been polluted. A. ten B. tenth C. tens D. tenths 13. We need a _______ chance to correct our careless mistakes. A. three B. third C. thrice D. threes 14. Over five _______ people joined the charity activity last weekend. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 15. _______ of the homework has been finished before dinner. A. One seconds B. Two first C. One second D. Two one (三)完成句子 根据中文提示,用数词知识点完成英文句子,每空一词 1. 这是我第二次参加英语演讲比赛。 This is the _______ _______ that I join the English speech competition. 2. 我们学校有八百名学生勤奋好学。 There are _______ _______ students studying hard in our school. 3. 五分之三的学生每天坚持进行体育锻炼。 _______ _______ of students keep doing sports every day. 4. 每年有成百上千的游客来到这座美丽的小城。 _______ _______ visitors come to this beautiful town every year. 5. 四分之一的作业需要在课前完成。 _______ _______ of the homework needs finishing before class. 6. 他再一次尝试,最终成功解决了这道难题。 He tried a _______ _______ and solved the hard problem finally. 7. 这片区域三分之二的树木四季常青。 _______ _______ of the trees in this area are evergreen. 8. 这座大楼有二十层,十分高大壮观。 This tall building has _______ _______ and looks very grand. 9. 我们班五分之二的同学擅长英语口语。 _______ _______ of the students in our class are good at oral English. 10. 上千本图书被捐赠给乡村学校。 _______ _______ books are donated to rural schools. 第九天•介词 介词是英语最基础、考频最高的功能词性,用于表示名词、代词、从句与句中其他成分的逻辑关系,涵盖时间、地点、方式、原因、伴随、所属等语义。介词贯穿初高中全部题型,是语法填空、单项选择、短文改错、书面表达、完形填空的核心得分点,同时也是复合句、非谓语、固定搭配的学习根基。 英语介词体系核心分为三大必考类别:时间介词、地点方位介词、方式伴随介词,同时包含初高中重难点:固定介词搭配、介词辨析、介词复合结构、介词短语高阶用法。初中侧重基础识记与简单运用,高中侧重语境辨析、固定搭配、句式升格与易错陷阱,是初高中语法衔接的核心基础模块。 一、介词整体初高中衔接总览 介词知识点层层递进、无学习断层,初高中考查核心差异集中在“基础识记”与“语境活用、辨析避坑”的能力跃迁。初中侧重识别基础介词、掌握简单搭配;高中侧重形近义近介词辨析、特殊固定短语、介词复合结构、抽象语境运用,是语法失分重灾区。 学习维度 初中基础要求 高中进阶要求 词义掌握 熟记常用基础介词字面含义,掌握时间、地点基础用法,无复杂辨析 掌握近义介词细微差异、抽象引申含义、一词多义、语境精准选用 搭配运用 识记简单固定搭配,适配基础单句、简单语境填空 掌握动词/名词/形容词高阶介词搭配、介词短语、固定句式结构 句法功能 掌握介词短语作定语、状语基础用法,适配简单句 掌握介词复合结构、介词短语作插入语、独立成分,适配复合句与写作升格 考点难度 基础填空、简单单选、基础改错,考点单一无干扰 词义辨析、固定搭配、语法填空、短文改错、写作高级句式运用 二、三大核心介词分类精讲(含初高中衔接用法) (一)时间介词 定义:用于表示动作、状态发生的具体时间、时段、先后顺序的介词,是初高中最基础、最高频的介词考点,核心用于时间填空、句式时态搭配。 【分类精讲】 时间介词体系清晰、规则性强,本节整合全学段考点,不分初高中拆分,从点时间介词、段时间介词、特殊时间介词、易混辨析四个维度,通过三张独立表格系统精讲用法、规则与易错点。 表格1:基础时间介词(on/in/at 必考三巨头) 介词 核心规则与适用场景 经典例句 at 用于具体时刻、短暂时间点、固定节日。适配整点、黎明、夜晚、年龄节点。常用搭配:at six、at noon、at night、at the age of ten。 We usually have breakfast at seven o'clock every morning. 我们通常早上七点吃早餐。 on 用于具体某日、星期、节日、有修饰的早中晚。只要时间精准到某一天,统一用on。例:on Monday、on June 1st、on a rainy morning。 Our school sports meeting will be held on Friday. 我们学校的运动会将在周五举行。 in 用于宽泛时间段:年、月、季节、世纪、泛指早中晚。常用搭配:in 2025、in winter、in May、in the morning。高中拓展:in+时间段表“多久之后”。 Many flowers bloom in spring and make the world beautiful. 许多花儿在春天绽放,装点世界。 表格2:时段与先后时间介词(拓展高频词) 介词 核心规则与初高中差异 经典例句 for 后接时间段,表动作持续时长,是现在完成时核心标志词。初中识记搭配,高中重点考查与since的时态辨析。例:for three days、for a year。 I have learned English for more than eight years. 我已经学了八年多英语。 since 后接过去时间点,表“自从……以来”,专属完成时搭配。初中基础识记,高中重点考查时态主谓一致。例:since 2020、since last week。 He has lived here since he was a little child. 他从小就居住在这里。 before/after before表“在……之前”,after表“在……之后”,可接时间名词或时间从句。初中基础用法,高中拓展用于非谓语结构句式。 We should wash hands before every meal to keep healthy. 我们应该饭前洗手保持健康。 during 后接时间段名词,表“在……期间”,强调动作在时段内发生,不接从句,是初高中通用高频词。 We took many photos during the summer vacation. 我们在暑假期间拍了很多照片。 表格3:时间介词高频易错辨析(初高中重难点) 易混组合 辨析规则与避坑要点 正误示例 in / after in+时间段:用于将来时,表“多久之后”;after+时间段:用于过去时,表“多久之后”,时态适配是高中核心考点。 正:He will return in three days. 正:He returned after three days. for / since for+时长(段),since+起点(点);二者均搭配完成时,是语法填空最高频辨析陷阱。 正:for two years 正:since 2023 on特殊修饰 早中晚被形容词、天气、日期修饰时,必须用on,替换默认in,是初中必考、高中常考易错点。 正:on a cold morning 错:in a cold morning 【衔接核心总结】 初中核心掌握on/in/at基础时间规则、for/during简单用法;高中重点突破时态搭配辨析、in与after时态差异、since句式用法,是完成时、将来时语法填空的核心考点。 【经典例句】 The new semester will start in September this year. 新学期将于今年九月开启。 We have an important school meeting on Tuesday afternoon. 我们周二下午有一场重要的校会。 He has kept the good habit for nearly ten years. 他保持这个好习惯将近十年了。 Many students take part in all kinds of activities during weekends. 许多学生周末参与各类活动。 【小试牛刀】 用正确的时间介词填空 1. We will have a picnic _______ Sunday morning. 2. People usually go to bed late _______ night. 3. She has studied piano _______ five years. 4. Trees turn green _______ spring every year. (二)地点方位介词 定义:用于表示人、事物所处位置、方位、相对距离的介词,覆盖静态位置、动态移动、方位对比三大场景,是初高中改错、填空、写作高频考点。 【分类精讲】 本节整合全学段方位介词考点,从静态位置介词、动态移动介词、方位对比易错辨析三个维度,三张独立表格系统精讲,适配初高中基础与高阶用法。 表格1:核心静态地点介词 介词 核心规则与适用场景 经典例句 in 表示大范围、内部空间,用于城市、国家、房间、区域内部。高中拓展:用于抽象领域、方面。 There are many bright classrooms in our new school. 我们的新学校有许多明亮的教室。 on 表示物体表面接触,强调附着、贴合。用于桌面、墙面、地面、楼层等平面场景。 There is a beautiful picture on the white wall. 白色的墙面上挂着一幅漂亮的画。 at 表示小地点、具体点位,用于车站、门口、路口、站点等精准小位置。 I will wait for you at the school gate after class. 放学后我会在校门口等你。 under/below under指正下方、垂直下方;below泛指位置低于,无垂直限制,是高中辨析重点。 The little cat is sleeping under the wooden table. 小猫正在木桌底下睡觉。 over/above over指正上方、悬空覆盖;above泛指位置高于,无垂直、覆盖限制。 A bridge stretches over the wide river peacefully. 一座大桥横跨宽阔的河面。 表格2:动态移动与方位介词 介词 核心规则与用法 经典例句 into/out of into表“进入内部”,out of表“从内部出去”,强调动态位移过程,区别于in/out静态状态。 Please come into the classroom and take your seat. 请走进教室并入座。 across/through across横穿表面(马路、河流);through穿过内部(森林、人群、隧道),是初高中顶级易错点。 We must look carefully before walking across the road. 过马路前我们必须仔细观察。 along 表“沿着、顺着”,用于道路、河岸、线路延伸方向,适配动态行走、行驶场景。 Many people take a walk along the river after dinner. 许多人饭后沿河散步。 past 表“经过、路过”,侧重从物体旁顺势经过,不停留、不穿过。 The fast train runs past small villages every day. 这辆快车每天途经许多小村庄。 表格3:方位介词高阶辨析(高中必考) 易混考点 详细辨析与避坑规则 示例对比 in / on / at 地点 大区域用in,平面接触用on,具体小点位用at;写作、改错高频考查混用错误。 in Beijing / on the desk / at the station across / through 表面横穿across,内部穿透through;马路、河流用across,森林、人群、空间用through。 across the street / through the forest over / above over含覆盖、垂直正对;above仅位置更高,无垂直、覆盖含义,抽象温度、高度多用above。 over the river / above zero 【衔接核心总结】 初中掌握基础方位介词字面用法、简单辨析;高中重点攻克across/through、over/above精准辨析、静态与动态介词差异,是完形、改错、语法填空核心失分点。 【经典例句】 Several lovely birds are flying above the green mountains. 几只可爱的小鸟在青山上空飞翔。 We walked through the quiet forest and enjoyed fresh air. 我们穿过幽静的森林,呼吸新鲜空气。 Students line up along the corridor and walk quietly. 学生们沿着走廊列队安静行走。 You can find the bookstore at the corner of this street. 你可以在这条街的拐角处找到这家书店。 【小试牛刀】 用正确的方位介词填空 1. The plane is flying _______ the clouds. 2. Walk _______ the bridge and you will see the park. 3. He lives _______ a small village in the countryside. 4. The ball rolls _______ the chair. (三)方式、原因、伴随介词(高阶核心) 定义:用于表示动作发生的方式、手段、原因、伴随状态、所属关系的介词,是初高中衔接最高阶、考频最高的板块,适配写作升格、复合句、固定搭配考点。 【分类精讲】 本节整合初高中全部高阶考点,从方式手段介词、原因目的介词、伴随所属介词、高频固定搭配四个维度,三张表格系统精讲,攻克介词难点。 表格1:方式与手段核心介词 介词 核心规则与初高中差异 经典例句 by 表方式、手段、交通工具,后接名词/动名词。初中掌握交通方式;高中拓展by doing(通过做某事)高阶句型。 We can improve English by reading every day. 我们可以通过每日阅读提升英语。 with 表用工具、伴随、带有,后接具体工具、身体部位、伴随特征,是写作万能介词。 She writes beautiful articles with her pen. 她用笔写出优美的文章。 in 表方式、语言、音色、材料,后接语言、声音、字体、材质,抽象方式专用。例:in English、in a low voice。 We usually communicate in English in our oral class. 口语课上我们常用英语交流。 through 表凭借途径、渠道,侧重抽象方式、过程途径,是高中写作升格高级用法。 We gain knowledge through constant learning. 我们通过不断学习获取知识。 表格2:原因、目的、伴随介词 介词 核心规则与辨析 经典例句 for 表目的、原因、对象,侧重为了某人/某事,适配目的状语、感谢、道歉等固定搭配。 He studies hard for his future and dreams. 他为自己的未来和梦想努力学习。 because of 纯介词短语,后接名词/代词,表直接原因,区别于because从句,是改错高频考点。 The sports meeting was put off because of bad weather. 运动会因天气恶劣推迟。 with/without 表伴随拥有/缺失,with表带有、伴随;without表没有、缺失,高中可引导独立主格结构。 We cannot finish the task without your help. 没有你的帮助我们无法完成任务。 of 表所属、性质、特征,用于所有格、品质描述、固定形容词搭配。 It is very kind of you to help me out. 你能帮我摆脱困境真是太好了。 表格3:方式介词终极易错辨析(初高中必考) 易混组合 精准辨析规则 对比例句 by / with / in by表方式手段/交通;with表具体工具;in表抽象方式、语言、材质,三者不可混用。 by bus / with a pen / in French because / because of because连词+完整从句;because of介词短语+名词,是改错最高频陷阱。 because it rains / because of rain for / to 目的 for侧重对象、用途;to侧重动作指向、目的地,适配固定搭配辨析。 a gift for you / go to school 【衔接核心总结】 初中掌握基础方式、交通、伴随介词用法;高中重点突破by doing句型、because of介词短语、with伴随结构、形近义近辨析,是写作升格、语法填空、短文改错核心考点。 【经典例句】 We can solve many problems through teamwork and communication. 我们可以通过团队合作与沟通解决许多问题。 Most students go to school by bike in our neighborhood. 我们小区大多数学生骑自行车上学。 He was late for school because of the heavy morning traffic. 他因早高峰交通拥堵上学迟到。 A girl with long hair stood quietly by the window just now. 刚才一位长发女孩静静站在窗边。 【小试牛刀】 用合适的介词或介词短语填空 1. I usually go to school _______ foot every day. 2. She improved her grades _______ practicing every night. 3. We stopped hiking _______ the heavy rain. 4. Please talk to others _______ a polite way. (四)初高中高频固定介词搭配(提分专项) 说明:介词固定搭配是初高中最大拉分点,初中侧重基础短语,高中侧重高阶动词、形容词、名词介词搭配,本节统一整合必考短语,适配考试与写作。 表格1:动词+介词 必考搭配 固定搭配 中文释义 经典例句 look for 寻找(强调过程) I am looking for my missing notebook everywhere. 我正在到处寻找我丢失的笔记本。 wait for 等待、等候 We should wait for our turn politely in public. 我们在公共场合应礼貌排队等候。 depend on 依靠、取决于(高中高频) Success depends on your hard work and persistence. 成功取决于你的努力与坚持。 believe in 信任、信仰、相信价值 We should believe in ourselves when facing difficulties. 面对困境我们要相信自己。 表格2:形容词+介词 必考搭配 固定搭配 中文释义 经典例句 good at 擅长做某事 Most of the students are good at learning new knowledge. 大多数学生擅长学习新知识。 afraid of 害怕、担心 Don't be afraid of challenges in your study life. 不要害怕学习生活中的挑战。 famous for 因……而出名 This city is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 这座城市因优美的自然风光闻名。 strict with/in strict with sb.对人严格;strict in sth.对事严格 Teachers are strict with us in our daily study. 老师对我们的日常学习严格要求。 【衔接核心总结】 介词固定搭配是初高中英语的核心提分关键点,存在明显学习梯度。初中以记忆基础、高频简单搭配为主,侧重机械识记、适配基础填空和简单句式;高中不再局限于单一背诵,重点考查搭配精准辨析、语境灵活运用、写作句式升格,同一介词搭配不同动词/形容词会产生完全不同的语义,也是短文改错、语法填空、书面表达的高频失分点。熟练掌握固定介词搭配,能彻底解决搭配混用、错用的问题,夯实长难句分析与高级写作基础。 【经典例句】 We should always believe in our ability to overcome difficulties in study and life. 我们要始终相信自己有能力克服学习和生活中的困难。 Our teachers are strict with every student and strict in all teaching tasks. 我们的老师对每一位学生严格要求,对各项教学工作严谨细致。 The beautiful small town is famous for its clean environment and special local snacks. 这座美丽的小镇因干净的环境和特色本地小吃而闻名。 Our final success always depends on our daily efforts and persistent practice. 我们最终的成功往往取决于日常的付出与持之以恒的练习。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意,选用合适的固定介词搭配填空 1. As students, we should be good _______ managing our time wisely. 2. The little girl is afraid _______ speaking in front of strangers. 3. Good grades depend _______ hard work and correct learning methods. 4. Guilin is famous _______ its amazing natural mountains and waters. 三、介词专项综合训练 (一)句子填空(语法变形填空) 根据句意,填入合适的介词,每空一词 1. We will have a school trip _______ October 12th. 2. He goes to school _______ bike every weekday morning. 3. You should be careful _______ your spelling in the exam. 4. Many birds live _______ the big trees in summer. 5. She succeeded _______ practicing day and night. 6. We can't finish the task _______ your help. 7. The meeting was put off _______ the heavy rain. 8. He is good _______ playing the piano and singing songs. 9. People usually stay indoors _______ winter. 10. Walk _______ the road carefully to keep safe. (二)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. We usually have our first class _______ eight o'clock in the morning. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. He has lived in this city _______ ten years ago. A. for B. since C. in D. after 3. We traveled _______ the forest and saw many wild flowers. A. across B. through C. over D. above 4. She improved her oral English _______ speaking every day. A. by B. with C. in D. for 5. The sports meeting was canceled _______ bad weather. A. because B. because of C. so D. though 6. There is a bright lamp _______ the big desk. A. over B. under C. in D. at 7. We should be strict _______ ourselves in senior high school. A. in B. on C. with D. for 8. He will come back _______ three days. A. in B. after C. before D. at 9. Many students take a walk _______ the river after dinner. A. across B. along C. through D. past 10. We can communicate _______ English in our English class. A. with B. by C. in D. on 11. The little girl is afraid _______ walking alone at night. A. of B. to C. with D. in 12. This small town is famous _______ its fresh fruits. A. as B. for C. with D. about 13. No one can succeed _______ hard work. A. with B. without C. by D. through 14. He waited _______ me at the school gate yesterday. A. for B. to C. with D. on 15. You can improve your writing _______ more practice. A. in B. at C. through D. above (三)完成句子 根据中文提示,用介词知识点完成英文句子,每空一词 1. 我们在五月一日举办校园艺术节。 We hold our school art festival _______ _______ _______. 2. 他通过每天晨读提升英语水平。 He improves his English _______ _______ every morning. 3. 孩子们喜欢沿着河边散步。 Children like walking _______ the river bank. 4. 因为大雨,航班延误了。 The flight was delayed _______ _______ the heavy rain. 5. 我们应该严格要求自己的学习态度。 We should be strict _______ our study attitude. 6. 这位老师擅长用简单的方式讲解知识点。 The teacher is good at explaining knowledge _______ a simple way. 7. 没有坚持,我们无法取得进步。 We can't make progress _______ perseverance. 8. 这座古镇因古朴的建筑闻名于世。 This ancient town is famous _______ its old-style buildings. 9. 这位小男孩害怕在黑暗中独自走路。 The little boy is afraid _______ walking alone in the dark. 10. 三年来,我一直坚持每天练习英语口语。 I have kept practicing oral English every day _______ three years. 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划(7-9)
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人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划(7-9)
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人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划(7-9)
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