Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 教材回归课文填空 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

**基本信息** 聚焦教材回归的语法填空专项训练，通过语篇语境融合语言知识与文化主题，强化单元核心语法应用。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |Reading and Thinking|44空（林巧稚事迹）|语法填空（词形转换/介词/连词等）|以人物生平为载体，考查时态/非谓语/词性转换，构建"语篇理解-语法分析-文化感知"逻辑链| |Reading for Writing|35空（寓言故事）|语法填空（固定搭配/从句引导词等）|通过寓言情境强化语境语法应用，衔接阅读与写作，提升语言综合运用能力|

人教英语（2019）必修三教材回归课文填空Unit2--练习版 Unit2: Morals and Virtues 【Reading and Thinking】（P16-17） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Unit2: MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES “Life is precious. ... To a person nothing is more precious ____1__their life, and if they entrust me ___2____ that life, how could I refuse that trust, ___3___ (say) I’m cold, hungry, or ____4___ (tire) ?” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us ___5___ look into the heart of this ____6___ (amaze) woman, and    7   carried her through a life of hard ___8__ (choose) . _____9___ a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was ___10___ (deep) affected by her mother’s ____11____ (die) . At age 18, instead of ___12____ (follow) the traditional path of ___13___ (marry) like the majority of girls, she chose __14____ (work) and study. “Why should girls learn so much? ___15__ (find) a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother    16   (complain), ____17___ (think) of the high tuition fees. She ___18___ (respond) , “I’d rather stay single __19__(study) all my life!” Later, she went on to study medicine ___20___ she had wished. In 1929, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize ___21___ (give) to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever ___22___ (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position ____23___ usually took four years ___24____ (achieve) . After ___25____ (work) for a few years, she was sent __26____ (study) in Europe and then, in 1939, in the US. She greatly impressed her American colleagues, ____27____ invited her to stay. Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer. She wanted to serve the women and children at home. In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever ___28____ (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months __29___ (later), the department was closed because __30___ the war. ___31___ (think) of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often ___32___ (reduce) costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages    33   (provide) medical care. The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. In 1954, she ___34____ (elect) to the first National People’s Congress and, over the next several ___35___ (decade) , she held many important positions. Her heart, however, was elsewhere. She was more interested in    36   (tend) patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and ___37___ (train) the next generation of doctors. “The OB-GYN department cares for two lives,” she told new staff in her department. “As doctors, we should be ____38___ (responsibility) for the patients and treat them as our sisters.” Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known ___39____ the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. Dr Lin did not retire ____40____ the day she died, 22 April 1983. Since she had no children of her own, she left her    41  (saving) to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. And even as she lay __42____ (die), her final ___43___ (think) were for others: “I’m ready ___44___ (go),” she said. “Don’t try to rescue me any more. Don’t waste the medicine any more.” 语法填空答题卡 1 16 31 2 17 32 3 18 33 4 19 34 5 20 35 6 21 36 7 22 37 8 23 38 9 24 39 10 25 40 11 26 41 12 27 42 13 28 43 14 29 44 15 30 45 Unit2: 【Reading for Writing】（P20) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Unit2: THE STONE IN THE ROAD Once upon a time there was a king ___1___often thought, "Nothing good can come to a nation ___2____ people only complain and expect others ____3__ (solve) their problems." One day, he had an idea. Early one morning, the king __4___ (disguise) himself and went to a local village. He placed a large stone in the middle of ___5___ main street and hid gold coins under the stone. Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and ____6___ (watch) . The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart. He crashed into the stone, ___7__ (spill) the milk everywhere. "What fool put this stone here?" he ___8___ (shout) . He picked himself up and ____9___ (angry) went away. After a while, a group of women came along, each ___10___ (balance) a pot of water on her head. One woman ___11__ (trip) over the stone and her water pot went ___12___ (crash) to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away in _____ (tear) tears. Neither she nor her friends thought about ___13____ (move) the stone out of the road. The king watched all day as many people complained ____14___ the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt ___15____ (move) it. The king was ___16___ despair. "Is there no one in this village __17____ (who) feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours ___18___ harm?" Just then, the king saw a young girl ____19__ (come) along. She was the daughter of a local farmer. She ___20____ (work) all day and was very ___21___ (tire) . But when she saw the stone, she said ___22___ herself, "This stone is a danger to anyone __23___ comes down the street after dark. I'll move it out of the way." The girl pushed the stone ___24___ all her might. After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded ____25__ moving it to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins ____26___ the stone had been! Just then, the king stepped out ____27__ behind the tree. "Oh sir," the girl said, "does this gold belong ___28___ you? If not, we surely must find the owner, for he will __29___ (certain) miss it." The king said, "My dear, the gold is ___30__ (my) . I put it in the road __31___ moved the stone over it. Now the gold is ___32___ (you) , because you are ___33__ only person ___34___ has learnt the lesson ___35__ I wanted to teach my people." 语法填空答题卡 1 16 31 2 17 32 3 18 33 4 19 34 5 20 35 6 21 36 7 22 37 8 23 38 9 24 39 10 25 40 11 26 41 12 27 42 13 28 43 14 29 44 15 30 45 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教英语（2019）必修三教材回归课文填空Unit2--练习+答案与解析 Unit2: Morals and Virtues 【Reading and Thinking】（P16-17） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Unit2: MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES “Life is precious. ... To a person nothing is more precious ____1__their life, and if they entrust me ___2____ that life, how could I refuse that trust, ___3___ (say) I’m cold, hungry, or ____4___ (tire) ?” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us ___5___ look into the heart of this ____6___ (amaze) woman, and    7   carried her through a life of hard ___8__ (choose) . _____9___ a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was ___10___ (deep) affected by her mother’s ____11____ (die) . At age 18, instead of ___12____ (follow) the traditional path of ___13___ (marry) like the majority of girls, she chose __14____ (work) and study. “Why should girls learn so much? ___15__ (find) a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother    16   (complain), ____17___ (think) of the high tuition fees. She ___18___ (respond) , “I’d rather stay single __19__(study) all my life!” Later, she went on to study medicine ___20___ she had wished. In 1929, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship, the highest prize ___21___ (give) to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever ___22___ (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position ____23___ usually took four years ___24____ (achieve) . After ___25____ (work) for a few years, she was sent __26____ (study) in Europe and then, in 1939, in the US. She greatly impressed her American colleagues, ____27____ invited her to stay. Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer. She wanted to serve the women and children at home. In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever ___28____ (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months __29___ (later), the department was closed because __30___ the war. ___31___ (think) of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often ___32___ (reduce) costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages    33   (provide) medical care. The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. In 1954, she ___34____ (elect) to the first National People’s Congress and, over the next several ___35___ (decade) , she held many important positions. Her heart, however, was elsewhere. She was more interested in    36   (tend) patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and ___37___ (train) the next generation of doctors. “The OB-GYN department cares for two lives,” she told new staff in her department. “As doctors, we should be ____38___ (responsibility) for the patients and treat them as our sisters.” Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known ___39____ the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. Dr Lin did not retire ____40____ the day she died, 22 April 1983. Since she had no children of her own, she left her    41  (saving) to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. And even as she lay __42____ (die), her final ___43___ (think) were for others: “I’m ready ___44___ (go),” she said. “Don’t try to rescue me any more. Don’t waste the medicine any more.” 【文章导读】 本文讲述了“万婴之母”林巧稚医生的感人生平。她自幼受母亲病逝影响，立志学医，冲破传统婚姻束缚，终身未婚，将全部精力奉献给妇产科事业。她拒绝海外优厚待遇，回国服务，在抗战期间开设诊所低价救治贫苦患者，新中国成立后当选人大代表，培养后辈，直至生命最后一刻仍心系他人。文章通过细节展现她无私奉献、医者仁心的崇高品格。 【参考答案】 1. than 2.with 3.saying 4.tired 5.a 6.amazing 7.what 8.choices 9.As 10.deeply 11.death 12.following 13.marriage 14.to work 15.Finding 16.complained 17.thinking 18.responded 19.to study 20.as 21.given 22.to be hired 23.that 24.to achieve 25.working 26.to study 27.who 28.to be appointed 29. later 30.of 31.Thinking 32.reduced 33. to provide 34.was elected 35.decades 36.tending 37.training 38.responsible 39.as 40.until 41.savings 42. dying 43.thoughts 44. to go 【答案解析】 1. than 解析：句中“nothing is more precious ____ their life”为比较级结构，more…than… 表示“比……更……”，故填than。 技巧：见到more，优先考虑than引导比较对象。 2. with 解析：entrust sb. with sth. 为固定搭配，意为“把……托付给某人”，故填with。 技巧：牢记动词与介词的固定搭配。 3. saying 解析：此处为现在分词作伴随状语，主语I与say之间为主动关系，表示“说（着）”，故填saying。 技巧：动词作状语，主动关系用现在分词。 4. tired 解析：与cold, hungry并列作表语，描述人的状态，用形容词tired（疲惫的）。 技巧：形容词作表语，注意-ed形式表人的感受。 5. a 解析：give sb. a look into… 为固定搭配，意为“使某人了解……”，look此处为可数名词，故填a。 技巧：可数名词单数前加冠词，表泛指。 6. amazing 解析：修饰woman（物/人引起的感受），用amazing表示“令人惊叹的”。 技巧：-ing形容词修饰事物或人的特质，-ed修饰人的主观感受，此处指“这位令人惊叹的女性”。 7. what 解析：引导宾语从句，并在从句中作carried的宾语，表示“（那些话语）所承载的东西”，what = the thing that。 技巧：缺宾语的宾语从句用what。 长难句解读： 原句：These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices. (1) 句子总体结构 这是一个并列复合句。主干由并列连词 and 连接，但 and 连接的并非两个完整的句子，而是连接了两个并列的介词宾语，共同作介词 into 的宾语。 (2) 第一层：主句主干 主语（Subject）：These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi（林巧稚医生的这些话） 核心名词：words 介词短语作定语：of Dr Lin Qiaozhi 谓语动词（Predicate Verb）：give（给予） 间接宾语（Indirect Object）：us（我们） 直接宾语（Direct Object）：a look（一瞥、了解） 介词短语（Prepositional Phrase）：into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices（作后置定语，修饰 a look，说明“了解什么内容”） (3) 第二层：介词“into”后的并列宾语结构（核心难点） 介词 into 后面接了由 and 连接的两个并列成分，共同充当其宾语： 宾语1)（名词短语）：the heart of this amazing woman（这位非凡女性的内心世界），heart 为核心名词，of this amazing woman 为定语。 宾语2)（名词性从句）：what carried her through a life of hard choices（是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生），此处 what 引导的是名词性从句（亦称关系代词型 what 从句，相当于 the thing that），整体充当介词 into 的宾语，与前面的 the heart 形成平行并列。 (4) 第三层：深入剖析“what”引导的名词性从句 : what carried her through a life of hard choices 主语（Subject）：what（指代“那种东西/那种力量”，在从句中作主语） 谓语动词（Predicate）：carried（支撑、使……度过） 宾语（Object）：her（她，指林巧稚） 状语（Adverbial）：through a life of hard choices（穿过/度过……的一生），through 表路径；a life 后接介词短语 of hard choices 作定语。 (5) 语法难点点睛 并列连词and 连接的是介词 into 的两个并列宾语（一个是名词短语，一个是名词性从句）。即“give us a look into A and B”，其中 A = the heart...，B = what carried her...。 省略现象：第二个宾语前省略了介词 into，但语义上依然与之呼应，这是英语并列结构中的常见省略（介词的共用）。 (6) 参考译文 林巧稚医生的这一席话，不仅让我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，也让我们了解到，是什么力量支撑她度过了充满艰难抉择的一生。 (7)分析小结： 主句：These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi | give | us | a look | (into the heart of this amazing woman, and (into) what carried her through...). 主句 = These words give us a look；修饰 = into (A and B)； A = the heart...（名词）；B = what carried her...（从句，what 作主语）。 这样拆分，主谓宾和并列层次就一目了然了。 （8）句子关系思维导图 8. choices 解析：hard为形容词，后接名词；life of hard choices表示“充满艰难选择的一生”，choice为可数名词，此处表泛指用复数。 技巧：可数名词复数表类别，且前文无单数限定词。 9. As 解析：表示“当……的时候”或“作为”，此处“As a five-year-old girl”意为“作为一个五岁女孩时”。 技巧：As + 名词/年龄，表时间或身份。 10. deeply 解析：修饰动词was affected需用副词deeply（深深地）。 技巧：副词修饰动词或形容词。 11. death 解析：mother’s后接名词，die的名词形式为death（死亡）。 技巧：所有格后接名词，注意词形变化。 12. following 解析：instead of为介词，后接动名词following（遵循）。 技巧：介词后动词用-ing形式。 13. marriage 解析：of后接名词，marry的名词形式marriage（婚姻）。 技巧：介词后接名词。 14. to work 解析：choose to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“选择做某事”。 技巧：动词不定式作宾语。 15. Finding 解析：此处动名词短语作主语，表示“找到一个好丈夫”。句首单词首字母大写。 技巧：动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 16. complained 解析：描述过去的行为，用一般过去时，complain的过去式complained。 技巧：上下文均为过去时态。 17. thinking 解析：现在分词作伴随状语，her brother与think主动关系，表示“想着高昂学费”。 技巧：主动伴随用现在分词。 18. responded 解析：叙述过去动作，用一般过去时responded（回答）。 技巧：时态与前文一致。 19. to study 解析：stay single后接不定式表目的，“为了学习”，也可理解为“宁愿单身一辈子学习”。 技巧：不定式作目的状语。 20. as 解析：study medicine as she had wished，as引导方式状语，意为“正如她所愿”。 技巧：as表示“正如，按照”。 21. given 解析：the highest prize与give为被动关系，过去分词短语作后置定语，表示“被授予毕业生的”。 技巧：过去分词作定语表被动。 22. to be hired 解析：the first woman后常接不定式作定语，且woman与hire为被动关系（被雇佣），故填to be hired。 技巧：序数词/最高级+名词后，用不定式，注意被动。 23. that 解析：定语从句，先行词position指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词that（也可用which，参考答案为that）。 技巧：定语从句缺主语，先行词指物。 24. to achieve 解析：took four years to achieve，不定式作真正主语或目的，“需要四年才能达成”。 技巧：It takes time to do sth. 结构。 25. working 解析：After为介词，后接动名词working（工作）。 技巧：介词后接动名词。 26. to study 解析：be sent to do sth. 表示“被派去做某事”，不定式表目的。 技巧：动词不定式作目的状语。 27. who 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词colleagues指人，从句缺主语，用who。 技巧：非限制定语从句，指人用who。 28. to be appointed 解析：the first Chinese woman后接不定式作定语，且appoint与woman为被动（被任命），故填to be appointed。 技巧：序数词+名词后接不定式，注意被动。 29. later 解析：a few months later表示“几个月后”，later为副词。 技巧：时间名词+later表示“一段时间之后”。 30. of 解析：because of + 名词/代词，表示“因为战争”。 技巧：because后接句子，because of接名词。 31. Thinking 解析：现在分词作状语，Dr Lin与think主动，表示“想到所有需要帮助的人”。句首首字母大写。 技巧：主动伴随状语用现在分词。 32. reduced 解析：与charged并列，描述过去动作，用一般过去时reduced（降低）。 技巧：并列谓语时态一致。 33. to provide 解析：不定式作目的状语，“骑着驴去偏远的村庄提供医疗护理”。 技巧：不定式表目的。 34. was elected 解析：she与elect为被动关系（被选为），且为过去事件，用一般过去时的被动was elected。 技巧：被动语态，主语与动词被动。 35. decades 解析：several后接可数名词复数，decade的复数为decades。 技巧：several修饰复数名词。 36. tending 解析：in后接动名词，且与publishing, training并列，故填tending（照料）。 技巧：介词后接动名词，并列结构保持一致。 37. training 解析：与tending, publishing并列，作was interested in的宾语，用动名词training。 技巧：并列结构词形一致。 38. responsible 解析：be responsible for为固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。 技巧：固定形容词短语。 39. as 解析：be known as表示“作为……而闻名”，此处意为“作为‘万婴之母’而闻名”。 技巧：be known as + 身份/称号；be known for + 原因/特征。 40. until 解析：did not retire until表示“直到……才退休”，引导时间状语从句。 技巧：not…until…结构。 41. savings 解析：her后接名词，saving常用复数savings表示“存款、积蓄”。 技巧：固定复数形式名词。 42. dying 解析：lie dying表示“奄奄一息”，dying为形容词（临终的）。 技巧：lie + 形容词表状态。 43. thoughts 解析：her final后接名词，thought作“想法”时可数，此处用复数thoughts（最后的想法）。 技巧：可数名词复数表多个念头。 44. to go 解析：be ready to do sth. 表示“准备好做某事”，填to go。 技巧：形容词后接不定式。 【考点小结】 词性转换（动名形副互变）：如11 death, 13 marriage, 10 deeply, 4 tired, 6 amazing等。 非谓语动词：现在分词作状语（3,17,31）、过去分词作定语（21）、不定式作定语/目的（14,22,24,26,28,33,44）、动名词作宾语（12,25,36,37）。 时态与语态：一般过去时（16,18,32）、被动语态（34）、过去完成（无）。 从句连接词：宾语从句（7）、定语从句（23,27）、状语从句（20,40）。 固定搭配与介词：entrust with, because of, be responsible for, be known as, not…until等。 冠词：give a look into。 比较级：more…than。 【参考翻译】 万婴之母 “生命是宝贵的。……对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更宝贵的了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能借口说我冷、饿或累，从而拒绝那份信任呢？”林巧稚大夫的这些话让我们得以窥见这位了不起的女性的内心世界，以及是什么支撑她度过了充满艰难抉择的一生。 在五岁那年，林巧稚深受母亲去世的影响。18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之路，而是选择了学医。“女孩子为什么要学这么多东西？找个好丈夫才是她们的最终目标！”考虑到高昂的学费，她的哥哥抱怨道。她回答说：“我宁愿一辈子单身也要学习！” 八年后，林巧稚以文海奖学金（颁发给毕业生的最高奖项）从北京协和医学院（PUMC）毕业。她随即成为协和医院妇产科有史以来聘用的第一位女性住院医师。不到六个月，她就被任命为总住院医师，而这个职位通常需要四年的时间才能达到。工作几年后，她被派往欧洲学习，然后在1939年去了美国。她给美国同事留下了深刻的印象，他们邀请她留下来。然而，林大夫拒绝了这个邀请。她想为祖国的妇女和儿童服务。 1941年，林大夫成为有史以来第一位被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，但仅仅几个月后，该科室就因战争而关闭。想到还有那么多人需要帮助，林大夫开了一家私人诊所。她收取极低的费用来治疗病人，并经常为贫困患者减免费用。有时甚至有人看到她骑着毛驴到偏远的村庄去提供医疗服务。 崭新的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚大夫发挥的关键作用。1954年，她当选为第一届全国人民代表大会代表，在接下来的几十年里，她担任了许多重要职务。然而，她的心却在别处。她更热衷于照料病人、发表关于妇幼保健的医学研究以及培养下一代医生。“妇产科关系到两条生命，”她对科室的新员工说。“作为医生，我们应该对病人负责，把她们当成自己的姐妹一样对待。” 尽管林巧稚终生未婚，但她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中接生了五万多名婴儿。林大夫直到1983年4月22日去世的那天才退休。由于她自己没有孩子，她把积蓄留给了一所幼儿园和一个为新医生设立的基金。甚至当她奄奄一息时，她最后的念头依然是别人。“我准备好走了，”她说。“别再试图抢救我了。别再浪费药了。” Unit2: 【Reading for Writing】（P20) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Unit2: THE STONE IN THE ROAD Once upon a time there was a king ___1___often thought, "Nothing good can come to a nation ___2____ people only complain and expect others ____3__ (solve) their problems." One day, he had an idea. Early one morning, the king __4___ (disguise) himself and went to a local village. He placed a large stone in the middle of ___5___ main street and hid gold coins under the stone. Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and ____6___ (watch) . The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart. He crashed into the stone, ___7__ (spill) the milk everywhere. "What fool put this stone here?" he ___8___ (shout) . He picked himself up and ____9___ (angry) went away. After a while, a group of women came along, each ___10___ (balance) a pot of water on her head. One woman ___11__ (trip) over the stone and her water pot went ___12___ (crash) to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away in _____ (tear) tears. Neither she nor her friends thought about ___13____ (move) the stone out of the road. The king watched all day as many people complained ____14___ the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt ___15____ (move) it. The king was ___16___ despair. "Is there no one in this village __17____ (who) feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours ___18___ harm?" Just then, the king saw a young girl ____19__ (come) along. She was the daughter of a local farmer. She ___20____ (work) all day and was very ___21___ (tire) . But when she saw the stone, she said ___22___ herself, "This stone is a danger to anyone __23___ comes down the street after dark. I'll move it out of the way." The girl pushed the stone ___24___ all her might. After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded ____25__ moving it to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins ____26___ the stone had been! Just then, the king stepped out ____27__ behind the tree. "Oh sir," the girl said, "does this gold belong ___28___ you? If not, we surely must find the owner, for he will __29___ (certain) miss it." The king said, "My dear, the gold is ___30__ (my) . I put it in the road __31___ moved the stone over it. Now the gold is ___32___ (you) , because you are ___33__ only person ___34___ has learnt the lesson ___35__ I wanted to teach my people." 【参考答案】 1.who/that 2.whose 3.to solve 4.disguised 5.the 6.watched 7.spilling 8.shouted 9.angrily 10.balancing 11.tripped 12.crashing 13.moving 14.about 15.to move 16.in 17.who 18.from 19.coming 20.had been working 21.tired 22.to 23.who 24.with 25.in 26.where 27.from 28.to 29.certainly 30.mine 31. and 32.yours 33.the 34.who 35.that/which 【文章导读】 本文是一则寓言故事。一位国王认为，如果国民只会抱怨而期待他人解决问题，国家便无希望。于是他设计了一个考验：在村中主路放置一块巨石，下藏金币，自己暗中观察。一天中，推车夫、妇女们纷纷被石头绊倒，却只顾抱怨、哭泣，无人尝试移开石头。直到傍晚，一位劳累的农家女孩路过，主动费力将石头推到路边，发现了金币。国王现身，将金币奖赏给她，因为她领悟了国王想教给子民的道理——承担责任、主动解决问题。 【答案解析】 1. who/that 解析：定语从句，先行词king指人，从句缺主语，用who/that。 技巧：先行词指人，从句缺主语用who/that。 2. whose 解析：定语从句，先行词nation，从句中people前缺定语（“这个国家的人民”），用whose。 技巧：先行词与从句主语构成所属关系（nation's people）用whose。 3. to solve 解析：expect sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“期望某人做某事”。 技巧：动词后接宾语+不定式作宾补。 4. disguised 解析：描述过去动作（一天清晨），用一般过去时；disguise oneself为固定短语，意为“乔装打扮”。 技巧：一般过去时，固定短语。 5. the 解析：main street为主路，特指该村庄的主路，用定冠词the。 技巧：独一无二或特指的事物用the。 拓展归纳：形容词main, only（唯一的）, very（正是，就是）, same, following等通常与定冠词the连用修饰名词作定语。 6. watched 解析：与hid并列作谓语，描述过去动作，用一般过去时watched。 技巧：并列谓语时态一致。 7. spilling 解析：现在分词作结果状语，表示“撞上石头，导致牛奶洒得到处都是”。 技巧：主动关系用现在分词作结果状语。 8. shouted 解析：描述过去动作，用一般过去时shouted。 技巧：叙述过去事件用一般过去时。 9. angrily 解析：修饰动词went away需副词angrily（生气地）。 技巧：副词修饰动词。 10. balancing 解析：独立主格结构（each + 现在分词），each与balance主动，表示“每个人头上顶着一罐水”。 技巧：独立主格结构，主动用现在分词。 11. tripped 解析：描述过去动作，用一般过去时tripped（绊倒）。 技巧：一般过去时。 12. crashing 解析：went crashing为固定结构，表示“砰地一声掉下去”，现在分词作伴随状语。 技巧：go + 现在分词表动作的突然发生或持续状态。 拓展归纳：“go doing”结构用法小结 （1）go doing 是英语中非常常见的固定搭配结构，主要用于表达“去从事某项活动（运动、）”，侧重于活动本身，与活动地点关系不大。如： 户外休闲与运动：如游泳、跑步、徒步、露营等（go swimming, go running, go hiking, go camping, go skating去滑冰, go boating去划船, go hunting去打猎。 消遣与娱乐：如观光、跳舞、购物等（go sightseeing, go dancing, go shopping）。 注意：该结构仅适用于休闲、运动、娱乐活动；日常办事（如“去洗衣服”）不能使用 go doing，而应使用 go to do（如 go to wash clothes）。 （2）go doing也常用来 常用来表达“动作的突然发生”或“动作的持续状态（伴随状态）”。具体用法与语境归纳如下： 1）表达“动作的突然发生”（突发、剧烈、瞬间动作） 当“go”表示“移动”或“发生”时，后接表示剧烈、瞬间动作的现在分词，强调动作的突然性、猛烈性或瞬间完成的状态，常带有画面感。如：go+flying飞出/crashing猛撞/rushing冲出/skidding打滑/hurtling疾冲等。例句： His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.（他的眼镜飞了出去掉落在草丛里。→ 强调瞬间飞出的状态） The car went skidding off the road into a ditch.（汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。→ 强调打滑的瞬间动作） She slipped and went hurtling downstairs.（她一失足咕噜噜跌下楼梯。→ 强调跌落的瞬间状态）（hurtle美 [ˈhɜːrt(ə)l]vi.猛冲；猛烈碰撞;vt.猛投；冲向 n.碰撞；猛冲) 2)表达“动作的持续状态”（伴随、进行、持续动作） 当“go”表示“移动”或“进行”时，后接表示持续动作的现在分词，强调在移动的过程中同时发生的动作，或动作的持续进行状态，常作伴随状语。如：go+running跑着/crying哭着/laughing笑着/sobbing呜咽着等。例句： She went sobbing up the stairs.（她呜咽着上楼。→ 强调“上楼”与“呜咽”同时持续发生） The car went running along the country road.（汽车沿着乡村公路飞驰。→ 强调“飞驰”的持续状态） He went running to welcome us.（他跑着来欢迎我们。→ 强调“跑”的持续动作伴随“来”） 注：在实际语境中，这两种用法常有交叉，即“突然发生”往往伴随着“瞬间的持续状态”，具体翻译需结合上下文语境灵活处理。 13. moving 解析：about为介词，后接动名词moving作宾语，表示“考虑移开石头”。 技巧：介词后动词用-ing形式。 14. about 解析：complained about为固定搭配，意为“抱怨……”。 技巧：动词与介词固定搭配。 15. to move 解析：make an attempt to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“尝试做某事”。 技巧：名词后接不定式作定语。 16. in 解析：in despair为固定短语，意为“绝望地”。 技巧：固定短语，介词+抽象名词。 17. who 解析：定语从句，先行词anyone（指人），从句缺主语，用who（不用that，因anyone作先行词时常用who）。 技巧：先行词指人，从句缺主语用who。 18. from 解析：keep sb. from harm为固定搭配，意为“保护某人免受伤害”。 技巧：动词与介词固定搭配，keep...from...。 19. coming 解析：see sb. coming为感官动词+现在分词作宾补，表示“看见某人正走过来”。 技巧：感官动词后接现在分词表动作正在进行。 20. had been working 解析：all day表示从早到晚持续的动作，且发生在saw之前（过去的过去），强调一直干活，用过去完成进行时had been working。 技巧：过去完成进行时表过去某时之前一直持续的动作。 21. tired 解析：was后接形容词作表语，tired表示“疲惫的”，修饰人。 技巧：-ed形容词表人的感受。 22. to 解析：said to herself为固定短语，意为“自言自语”。 技巧：动词与介词固定搭配。 23. who 解析：定语从句，先行词anyone指人，从句缺主语，用who。 技巧：同第17空。 24. with 解析：with all her might为固定短语，意为“用尽全力”。 技巧：介词with表方式或工具。 25. in 解析：succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”。 技巧：动词与介词固定搭配。 26. where 解析：状语从句，连接副词where引导地点状语从句，意思是“在原石头所在的地方”，用连接副词where。 技巧：连接副词where引导状语从句表示地点。 27. from 解析：stepped out from behind the tree表示“从树后面走出来”，from表来源。类似结构有： from behind the door, from around the old ones, from under the bed等。 技巧：介词from表“从……”。 拓展归纳：“双重介词”（或复合介词短语）结构 “from behind” 属于英语中的“双重介词”（或复合介词短语）结构，其核心语法逻辑为：“from”（表示动作的起点或来源） + “方位/位置介词”（表示具体的空间位置），整体意为“从……（方位）出来/升起/出现”。常见的类似结构有： （1）表示“从……的下方” (from + under)：from under the bed（从床底下）、from under the table（从桌子底下） （2）表示“从……的中间/周围” (from + around / from + among)：from around the old ones（从老人们的周围）、from among the crowd（从人群中间） （3）表示“从……的上方” (from + above / from + over)：from above the clouds（从云层上方）、from over the mountain（从山的那边） （4）表示“从……的前方” (from + in front of)：from in front of the building（从大楼的前面） （5）表示“从……的内部” (from + inside / from + out of)：from inside the bag（从包里面）、from out of the room（从房间里面出来） 这类“from + 方位介词”的结构在英语中非常常见，主要用于精确描述动作的起点（from）与具体空间位置（方位介词）的结合，使描述更加生动、准确。尤其是在读后续写中与动词的结合的准确运用更有助于提高表达画面感。 28. to 解析：belong to为固定搭配，意为“属于”。 技巧：动词与介词固定搭配。 29. certainly 解析：修饰动词miss需副词certainly（肯定地）。 技巧：副词修饰动词。 30. mine 解析：is后接名词性物主代词作表语，mine = my gold。 技巧：名词性物主代词作表语。 31. and 解析：put...and moved...为并列谓语，用and连接。 技巧：并列结构用and。 32. yours 解析：is后接名词性物主代词作表语，yours = your gold。 技巧：同第30空。 33. the 解析：only前用定冠词the，表示“唯一的”。 技巧：the only + 名词。 34. who 解析：定语从句，先行词person指人，从句缺主语，用who。 技巧：先行词指人，从句缺主语用who。 35. that/which（→ that/which） 解析：定语从句，先行词lesson指物，从句缺宾语（wanted to teach），用that/which。 技巧：先行词指物，从句缺宾语用that/which。 【考点归纳】 考点类别 题号 解题要点 定语从句 1,2,17,23,26,34,35 关系词选择：指人缺主语→who/that（1,17,23,34）；所属关系→whose（2）；指物缺宾语→that/which（35）；地点状语→where（26） 非谓语动词 3,7,10,12,13,15,19 不定式作宾补/定语/目的（3,15,19）；现在分词作结果状语/独立主格/伴随（7,10,12,13） 时态与语态 4,6,8,11,20 一般过去时（4,6,8,11）；过去完成进行时（20） 词性转换 9,14,16,21,22,24,25,28,29,30,32 形容词→副词（9）；介词短语（14,16,22,24,25,28）；形容词（21）；代词（30,32）；副词（29） 固定搭配 3,13,14,15,16,18,22,24,25,28 expect sb. to do（3）；complain about（14）；make an attempt to do（15）；in despair（16）；keep...from（18）；say to oneself（22）；with all one's might（24）；succeed in（25）；belong to（28） 冠词/连词 5,31,33 the表特指（5,33）；and连接并列谓语（31） 并列结构 31 put...and moved...并列谓语 【总技巧提醒】 1. 定语从句关系词判断三步法：①找先行词（人/物/时间/地点/原因）；②看从句缺什么成分（主语/宾语/状语/定语）；③选择对应关系词。 2. 非谓语动词： 作状语时，看逻辑主语与动词的主动/被动关系； 作宾补时，看宾语与动词的关系（感官动词+doing表进行，+done表被动）； 介词后接动名词。 3. 时态判断：本文为寓言故事，以一般过去时为主；注意“过去的过去”（过去完成进行时）表持续。 4. 词性转换： 修饰动词→副词（-ly）； 作表语描述人→-ed形容词； 物主代词→名词性物主代词（mine/yours）。 5. 固定搭配需日常积累，尤其动词+介词（complain about, succeed in, belong to）、名词+介词（attempt to）、形容词+介词（tired of）等。 【参考翻译】 路上的石头 从前，有一位国王，他经常想：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨并指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家是不会有任何好结果的。” 有一天，他想出了一个主意。 一天清晨，国王伪装了自己，来到当地的一个村庄。他在主干道的中央放了一块大石头，并在石头下面藏了金币。然后他躲在一棵巨大的枫树后面观察。 第一个沿着街道走过来的是一个推着手推车的送奶工。他撞上了石头，牛奶洒得到处都是。“哪个傻瓜把这块石头放在这儿的？”他大喊道。他爬起来，生气地走开了。 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。一个妇女被石头绊倒了，她的水罐摔在地上碎了。她爬起来，流着泪一瘸一拐地走开了。她和她的朋友都没有想过把石头从路上移走。 国王看了一整天，许多人抱怨这块石头，但他发现没有人试图去移走它。国王感到很绝望。“难道这个村子里就没有人觉得有责任保护邻居免受伤害吗？” 就在这时，国王看到一个小女孩走了过来。她是一个当地农民的女儿。她工作了一整天，非常疲倦。但是当她看到那块石头时，她自言自语道：“天黑以后，这块石头对任何路过这条街的人来说都是个危险。我要把它移开。” 女孩用尽全力推那块石头。费了很大的劲，她终于成功地把它移到了街道旁边。想象一下，当她看到石头原来所在的地方有金币时，她是多么惊讶啊！ 就在这时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说，“这些金子是您的吗？如果不是，我们一定要找到失主，因为他肯定会很着急的。” 国王说：“亲爱的，这金子是我的。我把它放在路上，然后把石头移到上面。现在这金子是你的了，因为你是唯一一个学到了我想教给人民的教训的人。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $