第6讲 Unit 3核心词汇（暑假预习讲义）（知识全梳理&考点精准练）新八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第6讲 U3核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握心理、感官、自然类单词词义与词形转换； · 熟练区分 - ing/-ed 情感 / 描述类形容词、固定介词搭配； · 掌握不定式高频句型，能完成单词变形、阅读、语法各类题型； · 可运用词汇描述事物特质、心理感受与自然现象。 学习重点 · 词根变形：动词、名词、形容词、副词互相转换； · 易混形容词辨析（surprised/surprising、touching/touched 等）； · 核心短语：be crazy about、be unfamiliar with、shake hands 等； · 不定式固定句式（ask/tell/encourage/plan to do）； · 不规则动词变形（shake-shook）。 学习难点 · -ing（修饰事物）与 - ed（修饰人）形容词语境区分； · unfamiliar 搭配 with/to 两种用法差异； · 大量不定式固定结构记忆与灵活运用； · 短文、阅读中结合语境判断词性变形。 单词 1：inborn 音标：/ˌɪnˈbɔːn/ 词性：adj. 天生的；与生俱来的 派生词：birth n. 出生；born v. 出生（bear 过去分词） 用法：可作定语、表语，多用于修饰天赋、能力、特质 短语：inborn talent 天赋；inborn ability 天生的学习能力 中考例句：Her inborn musical gift makes her good at playing the piano. 译文：她与生俱来的音乐天赋让她擅长弹钢琴。 【典例】The little girl has an love for painting. A. inborn B. grown-up C. recent 【即练 1】翻译：每个人都有与生俱来的学习能力。 【即练 2】改错：This inborns skill helps him win the game. 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：Everyone has an inborn ability to learn. 即练 2：将 inborns 改为 inborn 单词 2：unfamiliar 音标：/ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ 词性：adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的 派生词：familiar adj. 熟悉的；familiarly adv. 熟悉地 用法：固定搭配 be unfamiliar with sth.（人对事物不熟悉）；be unfamiliar to sb.（事物对人来说陌生） 短语：unfamiliar place 陌生的地方；unfamiliar face 陌生面孔 中考例句：I am unfamiliar with this new metro line in the city. 译文：我不熟悉城市里这条新地铁线路。 【典例】The street is to me, so I get lost easily. A. fantastic B. unfamiliar C. surprising 【即练 1】固定搭配填空：Most students are unfamiliar this word. 【即练 2】同义句转换：This song is strange to me. = I this song. 参考答案 典例：B 即练 1：with 即练 2：am unfamiliar with 单词 3：continuous 音标：/kənˈtɪnjuəs/ 词性：adj. 不断的；持续的；连续的 派生词：continue v. 持续；continuously adv. 持续地 用法：修饰名词，强调过程无间断 短语：continuous rain 连绵阴雨；continuous progress 持续进步 中考例句：The continuous noise makes me feel annoyed all day. 译文：持续不断的噪音让我一整天都心烦。 【典例】We can’t stand the loud music next door. A. continuous B. recent C. magical 【即练 1】词形转换：It rained for three days. (continuous) 【即练 2】翻译：连续的练习能提升你的视力。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：continuously 即练 2：Continuous practice can improve your eyesight. 单词 4：ruin 音标：/ˈruːɪn/ 词性：v. 毁坏；破坏 n. 废墟 派生词：ruined adj. 毁坏的；毁灭的 用法：ruin sth. 毁掉某物；ruin one’s mood 破坏心情 短语：ruin the plan 破坏计划；fall into ruin 沦为废墟 中考例句：Don’t let your bad temper ruin your friendship with classmates. 译文：不要让坏脾气毁掉你和同学的友谊。 【典例】If you stay up late, you will your eyesight. A. ruin B. deepen C. shake 【即练 1】填空：The heavy rain ruined (we) trip to the park. 【即练 2】句型改写：The mistake destroyed the whole show.（用 ruin 替换动词） 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：our 即练 2：The mistake ruined the whole show. 单词 5：eyesight 音标：/ˈaɪsaɪt/ 词性：n. 视力（不可数名词） 派生词：eye n. 眼睛；sight n. 视觉；景象 用法：常搭配 improve /protect/hurt eyesight 短语：poor eyesight 视力差；protect eyesight 保护视力 中考例句：Watching screens for long will hurt your eyesight. 译文：长时间看电子屏幕会损害你的视力。 【典例】Reading in the dark is bad for your \\\\\\. A. brain B. eyesight C. trick 【即练 1】翻译：做眼保健操可以保护我们的视力。 【即练 2】选词填空：eyesight /brain His bad stops him from reading small words. 参考答案 典例：B 即练 1：Doing eye exercises can protect our eyesight. 即练 2：eyesight 单词 6：fantastic 音标：/fænˈtæstɪk/ 词性：adj. 极好的；了不起的 派生词：fantasy n. 幻想；fantastically adv. 极好地 用法：口语中夸赞人、事物、游玩体验 短语：fantastic movie 超好看的电影；fantastic news 好消息 中考例句：We had a fantastic time watching cartoon films yesterday. 译文：昨天我们看动画片度过了超棒的时光。 【典例】—How was your trip? —It was ! I love it. A. annoying B. fantastic C. crazy 【即练 1】同义替换改写句子：The show is wonderful. (使用 fantastic) 【即练 2】词形转换：The trip was amazing. (fantastic) 参考答案 典例：B 即练 1：The show is fantastic. 即练 2：fantastically 单词 7：surprising 音标：/səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ 词性：adj. 令人吃惊的（修饰事物） 派生词：surprise n./v. 惊讶；surprised adj. 感到惊讶的（修饰人） 用法：surprising 修饰事、物；surprised 修饰人 短语：surprising result 出人意料的结果；surprising news 惊人消息 中考例句：It’s a surprising fact that ants have strong power. 译文：蚂蚁力气很大，这是一个令人吃惊的事实。 【典例】The story makes all of us shocked. A. surprising B. surprised C. surprise 【即练 1】选词填空：surprising /surprised He is at the ending of the cartoon. 【即练 2】翻译：这个令人意外的结果让研究者十分困惑。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：surprised; surprising 即练 2：This surprising result confuses the researchers. 单词 8：touching 音标：/ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ 词性：adj. 令人同情的；感人的 派生词：touch v. 触摸；触动；touched adj. （人）受感动的 用法：多用于修饰故事、电影、画面等事物 短语：touching movie 感人电影；touching story 感人故事 中考例句：This touching cartoon teaches us to love our family. 译文：这部感人的动画片教会我们爱护家人。 【典例】The video makes many people cry. A. touching B. never-ending C. recent 【即练 1】词形转换：We are deeply by the touching story. (touch) 【即练 2】单项选择：I saw a film last night. A. touch B. touching C. touched 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：touched 即练 2：B 单词 9：never-ending 音标：/ˌnevə(r) ˈendɪŋ/ 词性：adj. 永无止境的；没完没了的 派生词：end n./v. 结束；endless adj. 无尽的 用法：复合形容词，常修饰噪音、作业、争吵等负面事物 短语：never-ending homework 写不完的作业；never-ending noise 没完没了的噪音 中考例句：The never-ending homework makes teenage students tired every day. 译文：写不完的作业让青少年学生每天都疲惫。 【典例】I hate the arguments at home every night. A. never-ending B. inborn C. fantastic 【即练 1】同义改写：The endless housework annoys grown-ups.（替换为 never-ending） 【即练 2】翻译：没完没了的把戏让我感到恼火。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：The never-ending housework annoys grown-ups. 即练 2：The never-ending tricks make me annoyed. 单词 10：researcher 音标：/rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ 词性：n. 研究者；研究员（可数名词） 派生词：research n./v. 研究；调查 用法：指代从事科学、实验研究的人员 短语：a brain researcher 脑部研究员；science researcher 科研人员 中考例句：Many researchers are studying kids’ continuous learning ability. 译文：许多研究者正在研究儿童持续学习的能力。 【典例】The does lots of tests on kids’ eyesight. A. magician B. researcher C. puppy 【即练 1】词形转换填空：He animal habits. He is a \\\\\\. (research) 【即练 2】单复数变形：Two (researcher) wrote this report. 参考答案 典例：B 即练 1：researches; researcher 即练 2：researchers 单词 11：understanding 音标：/ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ 词性：n. 理解；领悟；了解（不可数名词） 派生词：understand v. 理解；懂得 用法：常用搭配 deep understanding 深刻理解 短语：deep understanding 深刻领悟；mutual understanding 互相理解 中考例句：More communication deepens our understanding of each other. 译文：更多交流加深我们对彼此的理解。 【典例】Reading helps us get a better of the world. A. understanding B. result C. trick 【即练 1】词形转换填空：Can you this word? Your matters a lot. (understand) 【即练 2】翻译：这次谈话加深了我对青少年烦恼的理解。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：understand; understanding 即练 2：This talk deepens my understanding of teenage problems. 单词 12：crazy 音标：/ˈkreɪzi/ 词性：adj. 热衷的；狂热的；疯狂的 派生词：crazily adv. 狂热地；craze n. 狂热 用法：固定搭配 be crazy about 痴迷于…… 短语：be crazy about magic tricks 痴迷魔术；crazy fans 狂热粉丝 中考例句：Lots of teenagers are crazy about cartoon movies these days. 译文：如今很多青少年痴迷动画片。 【典例】My cousin is about magicians and their tricks. A. crazy B. annoying C. continuous 【即练 1】固定搭配填空：He is crazy raising small puppies. 【即练 2】同义句转换：She loves painting very much. = She painting. 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：about 即练 2：is crazy about 单词 13：wonder 音标：/ˈwʌndə(r)/ 词性：v. 想知道；想弄明白 n. 奇迹 派生词：wonderful adj. 极好的；绝妙的 用法：wonder + if/whether/ 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句 短语：wonder about sth. 琢磨某事；the seven wonders 七大奇迹 中考例句：I wonder if the surprising result comes from inborn talent. 译文：我想知道这个出人意料的结果是否来自天生天赋。 【典例】I why the bark of the puppy sounds so strange. A. wonder B. rate C. ruin 【即练 1】合并宾语从句：Where does he live? I wonder. → I wonder . 【即练 2】翻译：我想知道这种持续的噪音会不会损害视力。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：where he lives 即练 2：I wonder if this continuous noise will ruin eyesight. 单词 14：shake 音标：/ʃeɪk/ 词性：v. 摇动；抖动 派生词：shook（过去式）；shaken（过去分词） 用法：shake hands 握手；shake one’s head 摇头 短语：shake hands 握手；shake with fear 吓得发抖 中考例句：The little puppy will shake its tail when it sees you. 译文：这只小狗见到你会摇尾巴。 【典例】Don’t the bottle, or the water will spill out. A. shake B. deepen C. rate 【即练 1】词形变形（过去式）：He my hand warmly yesterday. (shake) 【即练 2】翻译：小狗害怕的时候会浑身发抖。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：shook 即练 2：The puppy will shake all over when it’s scared. 单词 15：bark 音标：/bɑːk/ 词性：v.（狗等）吠叫 n. 吠声；树皮 派生词：barker n. 爱吠叫的狗；大喊大叫的人 用法：固定搭配 bark at sb./sth. 对着…… 吠叫 短语：bark loudly 大声吠叫；the bark of a dog 狗叫声 中考例句：The puppy will bark at unfamiliar people passing by. 译文：小狗会对路过的陌生人吠叫。 【典例】The dog will when it sees a stranger. A. bark B. trick C. wonder 【即练 1】固定搭配填空：The dog barked the strange ant on the ground. 【即练 2】改错：The puppy barks loud all night. 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：at 即练 2：将 loud 改为 loudly 一、单词拼写 1．Students need _____ practice to master difficult maths concepts. (continue) 2．Kelly is kind and ________ (understand), so she has lots of good friends. 3．His mother asks him ________ (take) a shower in the bathroom before he goes to bed. 4．用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 Let’s clean up the park ________ (protect) the environment. 5．My mother told me ________ (drink) more water. 6．The teacher encouraged us ________ (keep) trying new ideas. 7．We should work hard ________ (ride) the waves of our dreams. 8．We plan ________ (visit) my grandparents during the vacation. 9．They decided ________ (go) shopping for picnic food this afternoon. 10．The engineer asked the workers ________ (check) the machines first. 11．He failed ________ (explain) his meaning generally. 12．When I first moved to the city, all the things around me were ________. (familiar) 13．It’s really ________ (annoy) when a train is late and there’s no explanation. 14．Don’t forget ________ (boil) eggs for breakfast tomorrow. 15．He tries his best ________ (remember) English words after school. 16．The five-month-old baby tried ________ (walk) on his own, but he failed again. 17．He promised ________ (tell) me an interesting story about the Ganjiang River. 18．My mother asked me ________ (finish) my homework before dinner. 19．More and more people would like to choose electric cars ________ (save) money on gas. 20．My mother asks me ________ (clean) my room every weekend. 21．We should do our best ________ (stop) animals from dying out. 22．She asked us ________ (watch) and study the video of the match to find our problems. 23．He had some difficulty adapting to (适应) the ________ culture when he first moved to Britain.（familiar） 24．I am sorry that I failed ________ (pass) the driving test. 25．My mother told me ________ (fill) all the bottles with water. 26．She is one of the most famous _________ (research) studying the future of humans. 27．He is so ________ about collecting old coins that his parents are worried about him. (craze) 28．The movie’s ending is so ________ that it made the audience cry. (touch) 29．Mobile payment allows us ________ (use) our smartphones to pay for things easily. 30．We started our journey early ________ (avoid) the bad traffic. 二、选词填空 Complete the following passage with the proper words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每个单词或词组只能填一次) A．submissions    B．smoothly    C． scientific D．preparing for    E. connection    F. exploring the unknown Recently, remarkable progress has been made in China’s manned lunar exploration mission. The names of the manned lunar landing suit and lunar rover have been revealed. The landing suit is named “Wangyu” (meaning “gazing into the vast universe”), while the rover is named “Tansuo” (meaning“exploration”), symbolizing the pursuit of the unknown. These names were chosen from over 9,000 31 in a naming campaign by the China Manned Space Engineering Office from September to October 2024. Wangyu reflects China’s dream to explore the cosmos and its 32 to the Feitian spacesuit used in space station missions. It shows the transition from building a “space home” to 33 lunar landings and deeper space exploration. Moreover, it embodies China’s traditional harmony-seeking philosophy and the thirst for knowledge, as well as the nation’s commitment to peaceful space use for the betterment of humanity. Tansuo spotlights the lunar rover’s key task of uncovering lunar secrets. It aligns with China’s ambitious aerospace dream, highlighting the bold spirit of constantly trying new things and 34 . The Wangyu landing suit is designed to provide astronauts with essential life support and protection in the harsh lunar environment, while the Tansuo rover is equipped with advanced instruments for scientific research and exploration. Currently, both the Wangyu landing suit and the Tansuo rover have entered the initial prototype development stage, and work is progressing 35 . This is a significant step forward for China’s manned lunar exploration, bringing the dream of Chinese astronauts walking on the Moon closer to reality. This mission is expected to yield valuable 36 data and drive advancements in space technology, contributing to the global understanding of the Moon and beyond. 三、阅读理解 Imagine you are in a field at night, and suddenly, you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a gathering of fireflies, and their twinkling lights are like a secret language. This nighttime lights show, especially in the forest, has fascinated people for a long time. Let’s explore the mystery of fireflies. Did you ever wonder how fireflies make their tails glow? The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光), a special ability that some animals, like fireflies, have to create their own light through a chemical reaction. It happens when two chemicals in their bodies combine (结合) and generate a chemical reaction that produces light. However, why do fireflies need to make light in the dark? Now, imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr. or Ms. Right? Fireflies use their glowing lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special pattern of flashes, like a secret code. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better, so that they can mate and produce the next generation of fireflies. But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the shadows, and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light! Your bright glow is like a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. Do not eat me!” This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its fascinating organisms (生物), no matter how small they are. 37．The writer explains how fireflies make light ________. A．by explaining the chemistry behind it B．by giving an example C．by physical experiments D．by showing some facts 38．Why do fireflies use their lights to send messages? A．To scare away predators. B．To find food in the dark. C．To communicate and find mates. D．To show their strength to other fireflies. 39．What might happen if fireflies could not produce light? A．They would find it easier to hide from predators. B．They would have difficulty finding mates. C．They would become more active during the day. D．They would stop eating spiders. 40．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(①= Paragraph 1………) A．①/②/③④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①/②/③/④⑤ 41．What is the main purpose of fireflies’ glowing behaviour? A．To create a beautiful light show for humans. B．To communicate, find mates, and protect themselves. C．To attract spiders and other predators. D．To produce heat and stay warm at night. 选择恰当的句子完成短文       China has entered the business of making planes. The first Chinese-made commercial (商业的) aircraft took off from Shanghai on Sunday and landed at Beijing Airport. 42 . The company that made the plane is the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd. 43 . Newspapers in China called the C919 “a symbol of industrial prowess and national pride”. A passenger on the flight was impressed with the plane. He said, “The flight was quite smooth, comfortable and unforgettable. 44 .” COMAC hopes to be a major player in the commercial plane market. It hopes to compete with industry giants such as Boeing and Airbus. COMAC started developing the C919 in 2008. 45 . In September 2022, it passed the standards to fly commercially in China. COMAC’s first customer was China Eastern Airlines, which bought five of the aircraft. COMAC plans to build 150 planes each year for the next five years. A spokesperson said there were orders for more than 1,000 C919s from different Chinese airlines. 46 . He added that the plane was an “important milestone (里程碑)” for China’s aircraft industry. A．Production began in late 2011 B．This is shortened to “COMAC” C．I’ll remember it fondly for some time to come D．More and more C919 planes will be made in the future E．The narrow-bodied C919 plane had 128 passengers on board F．He hoped airlines from other countries would soon start placing orders 四、语法选择 选择最恰当的答案。 In Wuhan, people 47 flowers have been lining up at the general building of the 719 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Group to pay their respects to Huang Xuhua. Born in 1926, in Shanwei, Guangdong Province, Huang grew up in the shadow (影子) of war. When he was a little boy, he was curious about science. He said that curiosity is his best teacher. In 1945, he entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University 48 shipbuilding, hoping to use his knowledge to protect the country. After 49 in 1949, Huang joined the nation’s shipbuilding industry. The top-secret nature of the project meant Huang could not visit his mother for three 50 . When he finally visited her in the late 1980s, she was in 51 90s. And his father passed away. “I believe loyalty (忠诚) to the country is the greatest form of filial piety (孝心) 52 my parents,” Huang said in a TV program. During his life, Huang earned awards for his hard work, 53 the National Moral Model, Medal of the Republic, and State Pre-eminent Science and Technology Award. He became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering 54 1994. While some media called him the “father of China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇)”, Huang 55 this title, saying, “China’s nuclear submarines were the result of collective (共同的) effort. I was doing 56 duty.” “We are sorry for his passing, and it is a great loss. We must tell our children about Huang’s story, helping them appreciate history and inspiring them to fight for the nation,” said a Wuhan resident who came to mourn Huang with his son and grandson. 47．A．carry B．carried C．carrying 48．A．study B．to study C．studying 49．A．graduate B．graduated C．graduating 50．A．decade B．decades C．decades-old 51．A．her B．hers C．she 52．A．in B．to C．with 53．A．include B．included C．including 54．A．in B．on C．at 55．A．reject B．rejects C．rejected 56．A．me B．my C．mine / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第6讲 U3核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握心理、感官、自然类单词词义与词形转换； · 熟练区分 - ing/-ed 情感 / 描述类形容词、固定介词搭配； · 掌握不定式高频句型，能完成单词变形、阅读、语法各类题型； · 可运用词汇描述事物特质、心理感受与自然现象。 学习重点 · 词根变形：动词、名词、形容词、副词互相转换； · 易混形容词辨析（surprised/surprising、touching/touched 等）； · 核心短语：be crazy about、be unfamiliar with、shake hands 等； · 不定式固定句式（ask/tell/encourage/plan to do）； · 不规则动词变形（shake-shook）。 学习难点 · -ing（修饰事物）与 - ed（修饰人）形容词语境区分； · unfamiliar 搭配 with/to 两种用法差异； · 大量不定式固定结构记忆与灵活运用； · 短文、阅读中结合语境判断词性变形。 单词 1：inborn 音标：/ˌɪnˈbɔːn/ 词性：adj. 天生的；与生俱来的 派生词：birth n. 出生；born v. 出生（bear 过去分词） 用法：可作定语、表语，多用于修饰天赋、能力、特质 短语：inborn talent 天赋；inborn ability 天生的学习能力 中考例句：Her inborn musical gift makes her good at playing the piano. 译文：她与生俱来的音乐天赋让她擅长弹钢琴。 【典例】The little girl has an love for painting. A. inborn B. grown-up C. recent 【即练 1】翻译：每个人都有与生俱来的学习能力。 【即练 2】改错：This inborns skill helps him win the game. 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：Everyone has an inborn ability to learn. 即练 2：将 inborns 改为 inborn 单词 2：unfamiliar 音标：/ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ 词性：adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的 派生词：familiar adj. 熟悉的；familiarly adv. 熟悉地 用法：固定搭配 be unfamiliar with sth.（人对事物不熟悉）；be unfamiliar to sb.（事物对人来说陌生） 短语：unfamiliar place 陌生的地方；unfamiliar face 陌生面孔 中考例句：I am unfamiliar with this new metro line in the city. 译文：我不熟悉城市里这条新地铁线路。 【典例】The street is to me, so I get lost easily. A. fantastic B. unfamiliar C. surprising 【即练 1】固定搭配填空：Most students are unfamiliar this word. 【即练 2】同义句转换：This song is strange to me. = I this song. 参考答案 典例：B 即练 1：with 即练 2：am unfamiliar with 单词 3：continuous 音标：/kənˈtɪnjuəs/ 词性：adj. 不断的；持续的；连续的 派生词：continue v. 持续；continuously adv. 持续地 用法：修饰名词，强调过程无间断 短语：continuous rain 连绵阴雨；continuous progress 持续进步 中考例句：The continuous noise makes me feel annoyed all day. 译文：持续不断的噪音让我一整天都心烦。 【典例】We can’t stand the loud music next door. A. continuous B. recent C. magical 【即练 1】词形转换：It rained for three days. (continuous) 【即练 2】翻译：连续的练习能提升你的视力。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：continuously 即练 2：Continuous practice can improve your eyesight. 单词 4：ruin 音标：/ˈruːɪn/ 词性：v. 毁坏；破坏 n. 废墟 派生词：ruined adj. 毁坏的；毁灭的 用法：ruin sth. 毁掉某物；ruin one’s mood 破坏心情 短语：ruin the plan 破坏计划；fall into ruin 沦为废墟 中考例句：Don’t let your bad temper ruin your friendship with classmates. 译文：不要让坏脾气毁掉你和同学的友谊。 【典例】If you stay up late, you will your eyesight. A. ruin B. deepen C. shake 【即练 1】填空：The heavy rain ruined (we) trip to the park. 【即练 2】句型改写：The mistake destroyed the whole show.（用 ruin 替换动词） 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：our 即练 2：The mistake ruined the whole show. 单词 5：eyesight 音标：/ˈaɪsaɪt/ 词性：n. 视力（不可数名词） 派生词：eye n. 眼睛；sight n. 视觉；景象 用法：常搭配 improve /protect/hurt eyesight 短语：poor eyesight 视力差；protect eyesight 保护视力 中考例句：Watching screens for long will hurt your eyesight. 译文：长时间看电子屏幕会损害你的视力。 【典例】Reading in the dark is bad for your \\\\\\. A. brain B. eyesight C. trick 【即练 1】翻译：做眼保健操可以保护我们的视力。 【即练 2】选词填空：eyesight /brain His bad stops him from reading small words. 参考答案 典例：B 即练 1：Doing eye exercises can protect our eyesight. 即练 2：eyesight 单词 6：fantastic 音标：/fænˈtæstɪk/ 词性：adj. 极好的；了不起的 派生词：fantasy n. 幻想；fantastically adv. 极好地 用法：口语中夸赞人、事物、游玩体验 短语：fantastic movie 超好看的电影；fantastic news 好消息 中考例句：We had a fantastic time watching cartoon films yesterday. 译文：昨天我们看动画片度过了超棒的时光。 【典例】—How was your trip? —It was ! I love it. A. annoying B. fantastic C. crazy 【即练 1】同义替换改写句子：The show is wonderful. (使用 fantastic) 【即练 2】词形转换：The trip was amazing. (fantastic) 参考答案 典例：B 即练 1：The show is fantastic. 即练 2：fantastically 单词 7：surprising 音标：/səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ 词性：adj. 令人吃惊的（修饰事物） 派生词：surprise n./v. 惊讶；surprised adj. 感到惊讶的（修饰人） 用法：surprising 修饰事、物；surprised 修饰人 短语：surprising result 出人意料的结果；surprising news 惊人消息 中考例句：It’s a surprising fact that ants have strong power. 译文：蚂蚁力气很大，这是一个令人吃惊的事实。 【典例】The story makes all of us shocked. A. surprising B. surprised C. surprise 【即练 1】选词填空：surprising /surprised He is at the ending of the cartoon. 【即练 2】翻译：这个令人意外的结果让研究者十分困惑。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：surprised; surprising 即练 2：This surprising result confuses the researchers. 单词 8：touching 音标：/ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ 词性：adj. 令人同情的；感人的 派生词：touch v. 触摸；触动；touched adj. （人）受感动的 用法：多用于修饰故事、电影、画面等事物 短语：touching movie 感人电影；touching story 感人故事 中考例句：This touching cartoon teaches us to love our family. 译文：这部感人的动画片教会我们爱护家人。 【典例】The video makes many people cry. A. touching B. never-ending C. recent 【即练 1】词形转换：We are deeply by the touching story. (touch) 【即练 2】单项选择：I saw a film last night. A. touch B. touching C. touched 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：touched 即练 2：B 单词 9：never-ending 音标：/ˌnevə(r) ˈendɪŋ/ 词性：adj. 永无止境的；没完没了的 派生词：end n./v. 结束；endless adj. 无尽的 用法：复合形容词，常修饰噪音、作业、争吵等负面事物 短语：never-ending homework 写不完的作业；never-ending noise 没完没了的噪音 中考例句：The never-ending homework makes teenage students tired every day. 译文：写不完的作业让青少年学生每天都疲惫。 【典例】I hate the arguments at home every night. A. never-ending B. inborn C. fantastic 【即练 1】同义改写：The endless housework annoys grown-ups.（替换为 never-ending） 【即练 2】翻译：没完没了的把戏让我感到恼火。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：The never-ending housework annoys grown-ups. 即练 2：The never-ending tricks make me annoyed. 单词 10：researcher 音标：/rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ 词性：n. 研究者；研究员（可数名词） 派生词：research n./v. 研究；调查 用法：指代从事科学、实验研究的人员 短语：a brain researcher 脑部研究员；science researcher 科研人员 中考例句：Many researchers are studying kids’ continuous learning ability. 译文：许多研究者正在研究儿童持续学习的能力。 【典例】The does lots of tests on kids’ eyesight. A. magician B. researcher C. puppy 【即练 1】词形转换填空：He animal habits. He is a \\\\\\. (research) 【即练 2】单复数变形：Two (researcher) wrote this report. 参考答案 典例：B 即练 1：researches; researcher 即练 2：researchers 单词 11：understanding 音标：/ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ 词性：n. 理解；领悟；了解（不可数名词） 派生词：understand v. 理解；懂得 用法：常用搭配 deep understanding 深刻理解 短语：deep understanding 深刻领悟；mutual understanding 互相理解 中考例句：More communication deepens our understanding of each other. 译文：更多交流加深我们对彼此的理解。 【典例】Reading helps us get a better of the world. A. understanding B. result C. trick 【即练 1】词形转换填空：Can you this word? Your matters a lot. (understand) 【即练 2】翻译：这次谈话加深了我对青少年烦恼的理解。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：understand; understanding 即练 2：This talk deepens my understanding of teenage problems. 单词 12：crazy 音标：/ˈkreɪzi/ 词性：adj. 热衷的；狂热的；疯狂的 派生词：crazily adv. 狂热地；craze n. 狂热 用法：固定搭配 be crazy about 痴迷于…… 短语：be crazy about magic tricks 痴迷魔术；crazy fans 狂热粉丝 中考例句：Lots of teenagers are crazy about cartoon movies these days. 译文：如今很多青少年痴迷动画片。 【典例】My cousin is about magicians and their tricks. A. crazy B. annoying C. continuous 【即练 1】固定搭配填空：He is crazy raising small puppies. 【即练 2】同义句转换：She loves painting very much. = She painting. 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：about 即练 2：is crazy about 单词 13：wonder 音标：/ˈwʌndə(r)/ 词性：v. 想知道；想弄明白 n. 奇迹 派生词：wonderful adj. 极好的；绝妙的 用法：wonder + if/whether/ 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句 短语：wonder about sth. 琢磨某事；the seven wonders 七大奇迹 中考例句：I wonder if the surprising result comes from inborn talent. 译文：我想知道这个出人意料的结果是否来自天生天赋。 【典例】I why the bark of the puppy sounds so strange. A. wonder B. rate C. ruin 【即练 1】合并宾语从句：Where does he live? I wonder. → I wonder . 【即练 2】翻译：我想知道这种持续的噪音会不会损害视力。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：where he lives 即练 2：I wonder if this continuous noise will ruin eyesight. 单词 14：shake 音标：/ʃeɪk/ 词性：v. 摇动；抖动 派生词：shook（过去式）；shaken（过去分词） 用法：shake hands 握手；shake one’s head 摇头 短语：shake hands 握手；shake with fear 吓得发抖 中考例句：The little puppy will shake its tail when it sees you. 译文：这只小狗见到你会摇尾巴。 【典例】Don’t the bottle, or the water will spill out. A. shake B. deepen C. rate 【即练 1】词形变形（过去式）：He my hand warmly yesterday. (shake) 【即练 2】翻译：小狗害怕的时候会浑身发抖。 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：shook 即练 2：The puppy will shake all over when it’s scared. 单词 15：bark 音标：/bɑːk/ 词性：v.（狗等）吠叫 n. 吠声；树皮 派生词：barker n. 爱吠叫的狗；大喊大叫的人 用法：固定搭配 bark at sb./sth. 对着…… 吠叫 短语：bark loudly 大声吠叫；the bark of a dog 狗叫声 中考例句：The puppy will bark at unfamiliar people passing by. 译文：小狗会对路过的陌生人吠叫。 【典例】The dog will when it sees a stranger. A. bark B. trick C. wonder 【即练 1】固定搭配填空：The dog barked the strange ant on the ground. 【即练 2】改错：The puppy barks loud all night. 参考答案 典例：A 即练 1：at 即练 2：将 loud 改为 loudly 一、单词拼写 1．Students need _____ practice to master difficult maths concepts. (continue) 【答案】continuous 【详解】句意：学生们需要持续的练习来掌握困难的数学概念。根据“Students need...practice to master difficult Maths concepts.”可知，此处是形容词修饰名词practice，continue“继续”，动词，其形容词形式为continuous，意为“持续的”。故填continuous。 2．Kelly is kind and ________ (understand), so she has lots of good friends. 【答案】understanding 【详解】句意：凯莉既善良又善解人意，所以她有很多好朋友。根据“is kind and”可知，此处需要填与kind并列的形容词，understand的形容词形式是understanding，意为“善解人意的”，契合此处语境。故填understanding。 3．His mother asks him ________ (take) a shower in the bathroom before he goes to bed. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：他妈妈要求他睡前在浴室冲个澡。ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，固定搭配，后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to take。 4．用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 Let’s clean up the park ________ (protect) the environment. 【答案】to protect 【详解】句意：让我们清理公园来保护环境吧。protect“保护”。根据“Let’s clean up the park...the environment.”可知，清理公园的目的是保护环境，用动词不定式表目的。故填to protect。 5．My mother told me ________ (drink) more water. 【答案】to drink 【详解】句意：我妈妈告诉我多喝水。题干中动词told后应接宾语补足语，构成tell sb. (not) to do sth.结构，意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”。因此这里需要用动词不定式形式。故填to drink。 6．The teacher encouraged us ________ (keep) trying new ideas. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：老师鼓励我们不断尝试新的想法。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，因此用动词不定式to keep。故填to keep。 7．We should work hard ________ (ride) the waves of our dreams. 【答案】to ride 【详解】句意：我们应该努力工作以驾驭梦想的浪潮。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示努力工作的目的是驾驭梦想的浪潮，用to ride。故填to ride。 8．We plan ________ (visit) my grandparents during the vacation. 【答案】to visit 【详解】句意：我们计划在假期期间看望我的祖父母。visit“看望”是动词。plan to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，因此填动词不定式。故填to visit。 9．They decided ________ (go) shopping for picnic food this afternoon. 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：他们决定今天下午去购买野餐食物。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to go。 10．The engineer asked the workers ________ (check) the machines first. 【答案】to check 【详解】句意：工程师让工人们先检查机器。check“检查”，是动词，根据ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”可知，此处应填其不定式作补语，故填to check。 11．He failed ________ (explain) his meaning generally. 【答案】to explain 【详解】句意：他没能把自己的意思解释清楚。 “fail”后接动词时，要接不定式形式，即“fail to do sth.”，表示“未能做某事”，所以“explain”需用不定式“to explain”。故填to explain。 12．When I first moved to the city, all the things around me were ________. (familiar) 【答案】unfamiliar 【详解】句意：当我第一次搬到这座城市时，我周围的所有事物都是不熟悉的。根据“When I first moved to the city”以及所给单词“familiar”可知，此处表示“不熟悉的”含义。familiar的反义词是unfamiliar，意为“不熟悉的”，符合语境。故填unfamiliar。 13．It’s really ________ (annoy) when a train is late and there’s no explanation. 【答案】annoying 【详解】句意：当火车晚点且没有任何解释时，这真让人恼火。根据“It’s really…when a train is late and there’s no explanation.”可知，it是形式主语，指代后面when引导的情况（火车晚点且无解释），这件事让人感到恼火。annoyed意为“感到恼火的”，修饰人；annoying意为“令人恼火的”，修饰事物。此处描述的是事情，应用annoying。故填annoying。 14．Don’t forget ________ (boil) eggs for breakfast tomorrow. 【答案】to boil 【详解】句意：别忘了明天早餐煮鸡蛋。句中“tomorrow”表示将来的时间，提示动作还未发生。固定搭配forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事（事情还未做）”，而forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事（事情已做）”，此处“煮鸡蛋”是还未发生的动作，需用to boil。 15．He tries his best ________ (remember) English words after school. 【答案】to remember 【详解】句意：他放学后尽最大努力记英语单词。remember意为“记住”，是动词。try one’s best to do sth为固定搭配，表示“尽某人最大努力做某事”，后接不定式作宾语。 16．The five-month-old baby tried ________ (walk) on his own, but he failed again. 【答案】to walk 【详解】句意：这个五个月大的婴儿试图自己走路，但他又失败了。walk“走路”，try to do sth“试图做某事”，此处用动词不定式to walk作宾语。故填to walk。 17．He promised ________ (tell) me an interesting story about the Ganjiang River. 【答案】to tell 【详解】句意：他承诺要给我讲一个关于赣江的有趣故事。根据“promised”可知，此处考查promise的用法，promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，因此横线处需填动词不定式，tell“告诉”，动词，其不定式形式为to tell。故填to tell。 18．My mother asked me ________ (finish) my homework before dinner. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：我妈妈要求我在晚饭前完成作业。finish“完成”，ask sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“要求某人做某事”，这里需要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to finish。 19．More and more people would like to choose electric cars ________ (save) money on gas. 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：越来越多的人愿意选择电动汽车来节省汽油钱。根据“More and more people would like to choose electric cars…money on gas.”可知，越来越多的人选择电动汽车的目的是节省汽油钱，此处需用动词不定式作目的状语。save“节省”，动词，其不定式形式为to save。故填to save。 20．My mother asks me ________ (clean) my room every weekend. 【答案】to clean 【详解】句意：我妈妈要求我每个周末打扫我的房间。clean“打扫”，固定搭配“ask sb. to do sth.”意为“要求某人做某事”，因此填动词不定式to clean。故填to clean。 21．We should do our best ________ (stop) animals from dying out. 【答案】to stop 【详解】句意：我们应该尽最大努力阻止动物灭绝。do one’s best to do sth.表示“尽某人最大努力做某事”，设空处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。 22．She asked us ________ (watch) and study the video of the match to find our problems. 【答案】to watch 【详解】句意：她让我们观看并研究比赛视频来找出我们的问题。根据“She asked us…”可知，“ask sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“要求某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式“to watch”。故填to watch。 23．He had some difficulty adapting to (适应) the ________ culture when he first moved to Britain.（familiar） 【答案】unfamiliar 【详解】句意：他刚搬到英国时，很难适应陌生的文化。名词culture前需要形容词作定语，结合括号内提示familiar（熟悉的）及“适应困难、刚搬到英国”的语境，填unfamiliar（陌生的、不熟悉的），符合句子表意和语法要求。 24．I am sorry that I failed ________ (pass) the driving test. 【答案】to pass 【详解】句意:很抱歉我没能通过驾照考试。句中“failed”是动词，其固定搭配为fail to do sth.“未能做某事”，应填动词不定式“to pass”。 25．My mother told me ________ (fill) all the bottles with water. 【答案】to fill 【详解】句意：我妈妈让我把所有的瓶子都装满水。根据“My mother told me...all the bottles with water.”可知，这里考查tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，应用动词不定式。故填to fill。 26．She is one of the most famous _________ (research) studying the future of humans. 【答案】researchers 【详解】句意：她是研究人类未来问题的最著名的研究人员之一。根据主语“she”可知此处指人，researcher“研究人员”符合语境，且one of后加复数名词，故填researchers。 27．He is so ________ about collecting old coins that his parents are worried about him. (craze) 【答案】crazy 【详解】句意：他对收集旧硬币如此痴迷，以至于他的父母都很担心他。根据“He is so ... about collecting old coins that his parents are worried about him.”可知，“crazy” 是形容词，意为“痴迷的、疯狂的”，在句中作表语；“be crazy about”是固定短语，意为“对……痴迷”，符合句子“对收集旧硬币痴迷”的语义。故填crazy。 28．The movie’s ending is so ________ that it made the audience cry. (touch) 【答案】touching 【详解】句意：这部电影的结局非常感人，以至于让观众都落泪了。此处是形容词作表语，修饰ending，touch的形容词形式touching“感人的”符合语境。故填touching。 29．Mobile payment allows us ________ (use) our smartphones to pay for things easily. 【答案】to use 【详解】句意：移动支付让我们可以轻松地使用智能手机支付商品费用。“allow sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，需接动词不定式。 30．We started our journey early ________ (avoid) the bad traffic. 【答案】to avoid 【详解】句意：为了避开拥挤的交通，我们很早就出发了。所给词“avoid”是动词原形，此处应填入不定式to avoid，在句中作目的状语。故填to avoid。 二、选词填空 Complete the following passage with the proper words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每个单词或词组只能填一次) A．submissions    B．smoothly    C． scientific D．preparing for    E. connection    F. exploring the unknown Recently, remarkable progress has been made in China’s manned lunar exploration mission. The names of the manned lunar landing suit and lunar rover have been revealed. The landing suit is named “Wangyu” (meaning “gazing into the vast universe”), while the rover is named “Tansuo” (meaning“exploration”), symbolizing the pursuit of the unknown. These names were chosen from over 9,000 31 in a naming campaign by the China Manned Space Engineering Office from September to October 2024. Wangyu reflects China’s dream to explore the cosmos and its 32 to the Feitian spacesuit used in space station missions. It shows the transition from building a “space home” to 33 lunar landings and deeper space exploration. Moreover, it embodies China’s traditional harmony-seeking philosophy and the thirst for knowledge, as well as the nation’s commitment to peaceful space use for the betterment of humanity. Tansuo spotlights the lunar rover’s key task of uncovering lunar secrets. It aligns with China’s ambitious aerospace dream, highlighting the bold spirit of constantly trying new things and 34 . The Wangyu landing suit is designed to provide astronauts with essential life support and protection in the harsh lunar environment, while the Tansuo rover is equipped with advanced instruments for scientific research and exploration. Currently, both the Wangyu landing suit and the Tansuo rover have entered the initial prototype development stage, and work is progressing 35 . This is a significant step forward for China’s manned lunar exploration, bringing the dream of Chinese astronauts walking on the Moon closer to reality. This mission is expected to yield valuable 36 data and drive advancements in space technology, contributing to the global understanding of the Moon and beyond. 【答案】31．A 32．E 33．D 34．F 35．B 36．C 【导语】本文介绍中国载人探月任务命名等有进展，助力航天及全球对月了解。 31．句意：这些名字是从中国载人航天工程办公室在2024年9月至10月开展的一次命名活动的9000多份投稿中挑选出来的。此处说这些名字是从命名活动中的9000多个“事物”里选出来的。“submissions”意为“提交的作品、方案”，符合“从众多提交的命名中挑选”的语境。故选A。 32．句意：“望宇”体现了中国探索宇宙的梦想，以及它与空间站任务中使用的“飞天”舱外航天服的关联。此处要表达“望宇”航天服和“飞天”航天服之间的关系。“connection”表示“联系、关联”，能体现二者的关联。故选E。 33．句意：它展示了从建造“太空家园”到为月球着陆和更深入的太空探索做准备的转变。句子说从建造“太空家园”过渡到对月球着陆和深空探索的某个动作。“preparing for”是“为……做准备”，符合“为月球着陆等做准备”的逻辑。故选D。 34．句意：它与中国宏大的航天梦想相契合，彰显了不断尝试新事物和探索未知的大胆精神。前文提到象征对未知的追求，“exploring the unknown”（探索未知）与“追求未知、尝试新事物”的语境呼应。故选F。 35．句意：目前，“望宇”登月服和“探索”月球车都已进入初始原型研制阶段，且工作进展顺利。这里需要一个副词描述工作进展的状态。“smoothly”是“顺利地”，能体现工作进展顺利。故选B。 36．句意：这项任务有望产生有价值的科学数据，并推动航天技术的进步，有助于全球对月球及更遥远太空的了解。太空任务产生的应该是“科学的”数据，“scientific”表示“科学的”，符合“为太空技术进步提供科学数据”的语境。故选C。 三、阅读理解 Imagine you are in a field at night, and suddenly, you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a gathering of fireflies, and their twinkling lights are like a secret language. This nighttime lights show, especially in the forest, has fascinated people for a long time. Let’s explore the mystery of fireflies. Did you ever wonder how fireflies make their tails glow? The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光), a special ability that some animals, like fireflies, have to create their own light through a chemical reaction. It happens when two chemicals in their bodies combine (结合) and generate a chemical reaction that produces light. However, why do fireflies need to make light in the dark? Now, imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr. or Ms. Right? Fireflies use their glowing lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special pattern of flashes, like a secret code. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better, so that they can mate and produce the next generation of fireflies. But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the shadows, and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light! Your bright glow is like a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. Do not eat me!” This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its fascinating organisms (生物), no matter how small they are. 37．The writer explains how fireflies make light ________. A．by explaining the chemistry behind it B．by giving an example C．by physical experiments D．by showing some facts 38．Why do fireflies use their lights to send messages? A．To scare away predators. B．To find food in the dark. C．To communicate and find mates. D．To show their strength to other fireflies. 39．What might happen if fireflies could not produce light? A．They would find it easier to hide from predators. B．They would have difficulty finding mates. C．They would become more active during the day. D．They would stop eating spiders. 40．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(①= Paragraph 1………) A．①/②/③④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①/②/③/④⑤ 41．What is the main purpose of fireflies’ glowing behaviour? A．To create a beautiful light show for humans. B．To communicate, find mates, and protect themselves. C．To attract spiders and other predators. D．To produce heat and stay warm at night. 【答案】37．A 38．C 39．B 40．B 41．B 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍萤火虫发光奥秘与意义，呼吁保护自然。 【详解】37．细节理解题。根据文章“The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光), a special ability that some animals, like fireflies, have to create their own light through a chemical reaction. It happens when two chemicals in their bodies combine (结合) and generate a chemical reaction that produces light.”可知，从化学角度，通过解释化学反应过程来说明发光原理。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据文章“Fireflies use their glowing lights to send ‘hello’ messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special pattern of flashes, like a secret code. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better, so that they can mate and produce the next generation of fireflies.”可知，说明萤火虫发光是为了互相打招呼，并以此为邀请去了解彼此、交配繁殖。故选C。 39．细节理解题。根据文章“They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better, so that they can mate and produce the next generation of fireflies.”可知，发光是萤火虫寻找伴侣、繁殖后代的关键方式。若不能发光，就难以完成“交流-互相了解-交配”流程，会出现找伴侣困难的情况。故选B。 40．篇章结构题。第一段通过描绘场景引出“探索萤火虫奥秘”的话题，是总起段；第二段讲“萤火虫发光的化学原理”；第三段讲 “发光用于交流、找伴侣”；第四段讲“发光用于自保（躲避捕食者）”；这三段是分述萤火虫发光的原理和用途；第五段总结萤火虫故事体现的自然奇妙，以及呼吁保护自然，是总结段；所以结构为“①/②③④/⑤”。故选B。 41．主旨大意题。文中提到萤火虫发光用于交流、找伴侣和自我保护。故选B。 选择恰当的句子完成短文       China has entered the business of making planes. The first Chinese-made commercial (商业的) aircraft took off from Shanghai on Sunday and landed at Beijing Airport. 42 . The company that made the plane is the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd. 43 . Newspapers in China called the C919 “a symbol of industrial prowess and national pride”. A passenger on the flight was impressed with the plane. He said, “The flight was quite smooth, comfortable and unforgettable. 44 .” COMAC hopes to be a major player in the commercial plane market. It hopes to compete with industry giants such as Boeing and Airbus. COMAC started developing the C919 in 2008. 45 . In September 2022, it passed the standards to fly commercially in China. COMAC’s first customer was China Eastern Airlines, which bought five of the aircraft. COMAC plans to build 150 planes each year for the next five years. A spokesperson said there were orders for more than 1,000 C919s from different Chinese airlines. 46 . He added that the plane was an “important milestone (里程碑)” for China’s aircraft industry. A．Production began in late 2011 B．This is shortened to “COMAC” C．I’ll remember it fondly for some time to come D．More and more C919 planes will be made in the future E．The narrow-bodied C919 plane had 128 passengers on board F．He hoped airlines from other countries would soon start placing orders 【答案】42．E 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国自主研制的首架商用客机C919的首飞情况、研制历程、生产计划及市场前景，强调C919是中国航空工业的重要里程碑，象征着中国的工业实力与民族自豪感。 42．根据“The first Chinese-made commercial aircraft took off from Shanghai on Sunday and landed at Beijing Airport.”可知，前文提到C919首飞的起降地点，选项E“这架窄体C919客机上载有128名乘客”补充了首飞航班的乘客数量，丰富了首飞相关信息，故选E。 43．根据“The company that made the plane is the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd.”及后文多次出现的“COMAC”可知，前文提到飞机制造商的全称，选项B“其缩写为’COMAC’”解释了“COMAC”的由来，故选B。 44．根据“He said, ‘The flight was quite smooth, comfortable and unforgettable.’”可知，前文乘客评价航班平稳、舒适且难忘，选项C“在未来一段时间里，我都会深情地记得这次飞行”承接乘客的感受，进一步表达对此次飞行的深刻印象，符合语境，故选C。 45．根据“COMAC started developing the C919 in 2008.”及“In September 2022, it passed the standards to fly commercially in China.”可知，前文提到C919的研发起始时间，后文提到商业飞行标准通过时间，选项A“2011年底开始生产”补充了研发与商业认证之间的关键时间节点（生产启动），使时间线更完整，故选A。 46．根据“A spokesperson said there were orders for more than 1,000 C919s from different Chinese airlines.”及“He added that the plane was an ‘important milestone’ for China’s aircraft industry.”可知，前文提到国内航空公司的大量订单，选项F“他希望其他国家的航空公司很快也会开始下订单”拓展了订单的潜在来源（国外市场），符合发言人对C919市场前景的展望，故选F。 四、语法选择 选择最恰当的答案。 In Wuhan, people 47 flowers have been lining up at the general building of the 719 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Group to pay their respects to Huang Xuhua. Born in 1926, in Shanwei, Guangdong Province, Huang grew up in the shadow (影子) of war. When he was a little boy, he was curious about science. He said that curiosity is his best teacher. In 1945, he entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University 48 shipbuilding, hoping to use his knowledge to protect the country. After 49 in 1949, Huang joined the nation’s shipbuilding industry. The top-secret nature of the project meant Huang could not visit his mother for three 50 . When he finally visited her in the late 1980s, she was in 51 90s. And his father passed away. “I believe loyalty (忠诚) to the country is the greatest form of filial piety (孝心) 52 my parents,” Huang said in a TV program. During his life, Huang earned awards for his hard work, 53 the National Moral Model, Medal of the Republic, and State Pre-eminent Science and Technology Award. He became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering 54 1994. While some media called him the “father of China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇)”, Huang 55 this title, saying, “China’s nuclear submarines were the result of collective (共同的) effort. I was doing 56 duty.” “We are sorry for his passing, and it is a great loss. We must tell our children about Huang’s story, helping them appreciate history and inspiring them to fight for the nation,” said a Wuhan resident who came to mourn Huang with his son and grandson. 47．A．carry B．carried C．carrying 48．A．study B．to study C．studying 49．A．graduate B．graduated C．graduating 50．A．decade B．decades C．decades-old 51．A．her B．hers C．she 52．A．in B．to C．with 53．A．include B．included C．including 54．A．in B．on C．at 55．A．reject B．rejects C．rejected 56．A．me B．my C．mine 【答案】 47．C 48．B 49．C 50．B 51．A 52．B 53．C 54．A 55．C 56．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的生平事迹，包括他的求学经历、投身国家造船事业的奉献、所获荣誉及对个人头衔的谦逊态度，同时提及武汉民众自发悼念他的场景，体现其精神对后人的影响。 【详解】47．句意：在武汉，人们手持鲜花在中国船舶重工集团719研究所的综合大楼前排队，向黄旭华致敬。 carry携带，动词原形；carried动词过去式/过去分词；carrying动词现在分词/动名词。根据“have been lining up”可知，句子已有谓语动词，people是主语，与“carry”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词carrying作后置定语，表示“手持鲜花的人”。故选C。 48．句意：1945年，他考入上海交通大学学习造船，希望用自己的知识保卫国家。 study学习，动词原形；to study动词不定式；studying现在分词/动名词。根据“shipbuilding”可知，此处表求学目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。 49．句意：1949年毕业后，黄旭华加入了国家造船行业。 graduate毕业，动词原形；graduated动词过去式/过去分词；graduating动词现在分词/动名词。“after”是介词，后接动词时用动名词作宾语，故选C。 50．句意：该项目的绝密性质意味着黄旭华在30年内不能探望他的母亲。 decade十年，名词单数；decades几十年，名词复数；decades-old几十年历史的，形容词。根据“three”可知，后接可数名词复数，“three decades”意为“三十年”，故选B。 51．句意：20世纪80年代末，当他终于去探望母亲时，她已经90多岁了。 her她的，形容词性物主代词/宾格；hers她的，名词性物主代词；she她，主格。“in one’s + 基数词复数”是固定搭配，表“在某人几十多岁时”，此处指“母亲的90多岁”，用形容词性物主代词her。故选A。 52．句意：黄旭华在一档电视节目中说：“我认为，对国家的忠诚是对父母最大的孝心。” in在……里面；to朝，向；with和。“filial piety to sb.”意为“对某人的孝心”，此处表“对父母的孝心”，用介词to。故选B。 53．句意：一生中，黄旭华因辛勤工作获得了许多奖项，包括全国道德模范、共和国勋章和国家最高科学技术奖。 include包含，动词原形；included动词过去式/过去分词；including包含，介词/动名词。根据“the National Moral Model...”可知，这些是列举奖项，应用including作介词。故选C。 54．句意：1994年，他当选为中国工程院院士。 in后接年/月/季节；on后接具体日期；at后接具体时刻。根据“1994”可知，此处用介词in，故选A。 55．句意：当一些媒体称他为“中国核潜艇之父”，但黄旭华拒绝了这个头衔。 reject拒绝，动词原形；rejects动词三单形式；rejected动词过去式/过去分词。根据“While some media called him the “father of China’s nuclear submarines”可知，此处用过去时态，动词应用过去式，故选C。 56．句意：我只是在尽我的职责。 me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。根据“duty”可知，修饰名词需用形容词性物主代词。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $