第02讲 Unit 2 Amazing numbers（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材沪教版上册

第02讲 Unit 2 Amazing numbers （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 能正确理解并运用challenge, promise, win, beat, reply, hesitate, wonder, agree, realize, schedule等动词的含义及用法。 2. 掌握would like (sb.) to do sth.、the rest of、instead of、without hesitation等短语的用法。 3. 能区分the amount of / an amount of / the number of / a number of 的用法及主谓一致。 4. 掌握基数词、序数词的构成规则及读法，并能正确表达分数、时刻、年龄、年月日、编号等。 5. 能理解故事中棋盘放米粒的数学逻辑（翻倍增长），并读懂相关英文叙述。 学习重点 1. win与beat的辨析（win后接比赛/奖品，beat后接对手）。 2. reply与answer的辨析（reply to sb. / answer sb.）。 3. the rest of + n.作主语时的主谓一致（看名词单复数）。 4. amount of与number of的区别（修饰不可数/可数名词）。 5. without hesitation等短语的语境运用。 6. 基数词1-100及以上的读写规则，序数词的变化规律（一二三特殊记，八去t九去e等）。 7. 分数、百分数、倍数、时刻、年份、年代、编号的表达法6. 复合不定代词在肯定句、否定句、疑问句中的选用及形容词后置 学习难点 1. 在具体语境中准确区分使用win/beat、reply/answer、amount/number等近义词组。 2. “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数判断。 3. hundred/thousand/million在确切数字与概数中的不同用法（加s与of的搭配）。 4. 基数词变序数词的特殊变化（如twelfth, twentieth, fifty-ninth等）。 5. 用英语正确读写大数字（如1,234,567）以及带分数的表达（如five and three fifths）。 6. 故事中“翻倍”逻辑对应的英文表达（double the amount for each of the rest of the squares）的理解与翻译。 知识导图记忆 考点1 One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. 一天，一位智者来到皇宫，国王向他挑战一场比赛。（教材P20） 【详解】challenge用作名词时，意思是“挑战” 。用作动词时，意思是“挑战”。 【典例】The king decided to ______ the wise man to a chess game. A. challenge B. beat C. win D. promise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：国王决定向那位智者挑战一盘棋。考查动词词义辨析。challenge意为“挑战”，常用搭配challenge sb. to sth.，符合句意。beat击败，win赢得，promise承诺。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) Our teacher often encourages us to ______ ourselves to do better in study. A. challenge B. beat C. win D. reply 【答案】A 【简析】句意：老师经常鼓励我们挑战自己，在学习上做得更好。challenge oneself意为“挑战自我”，符合语境。beat击败（对手），win赢得（比赛），reply回复。故选A。 考点2 “You can have any prize if you win the game,” the king promised the old man. “如果你赢了这场比赛，你可以得到任何奖品。”国王向老人保证。（教材P20） 【详解】①．promise用作动词时，意思是“许诺” ； 用作名词，意思是“诺言, 希望, 约定” 【详解】②win 动词：赢得；获得（win-won-won） winner n. 获胜者，赢家 【拓展辨析】win 和 beat（beat-beat-beaten） 含义及用法 例句 win 及物动词（宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词） Our team won the game last night.我们队昨晚赢得了比赛。 不及物动词（意为“获胜”） She always tries hard to win.她总是努力去获胜。 beat 及物动词（宾语是比赛或竞争的对手，即指人或团队的名词或代词） I beat my classmate in the running race. 我在跑步比赛中击败了我的同学。 不及物动词（意为“（风雨等）拍打，（心脏）跳动”） Her heart was beating fast with excitement. 她的心因兴奋而快速跳动。 【典例】— Dad, I ______ the first prize in the math competition. — Well done! I’m proud of you. A. beat B. won C. challenged D. promised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我在数学竞赛中赢得了一等奖。——做得好！我为你骄傲。考查动词辨析。win后接比赛、奖品等，win the first prize“赢得一等奖”。beat后接对手。challenge挑战，promise承诺。故选B。 【即练】 ( ) Our football team ______ the team from No.2 Middle School and ______ the game yesterday. A. beat; won B. won; beat C. beat; beat D. won; won 【答案】A 【简析】句意：我们的足球队昨天击败了二中足球队，并且赢得了比赛。beat后接对手（团队），win后接比赛（game）。故选A。 考点3 I’d like you to double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.我希望你把剩下的每个方块的数量都翻倍。(教材P20) 【详解】①would like（sb.）to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事= want（sb.）to do sth. would like+名词 例：I would like you to have a cup of coffee with me. 我想要你跟我一起去喝杯咖啡。 例：Would you like a cup of coffee? 你想要来杯咖啡吗？ 例：I would like to have a cup of coffee. 我想要喝杯咖啡。 【详解】②【拓展】辨析the amount of ；an amount of ；the number of；a number of A.the amount of +不可数名词，意思为“...... 的数量”，谓语用单数。 例：The amount of milk is 250ml. 牛奶的量是250毫升。 B.an amount of +不可数名词，意为 “一定量的...”,a small/large amount of少量；大量  意为 “大量/少量的......”谓语用单数。 例：An amount of energy is required to start the machine.（启动机器需要一定量的能量。） C.the number of+可数名词复数，意思为“...... 的数量”，谓语用单数。 例：The number of students in our class is 20. 我们班学生的数量是20。 D.a number of +可数名词复数，“若干”或“许多”， a small/large number of少量；大量  意为 “大量/少量的......”,谓语用复数。 例：A number of students have passed the exam.（许多学生通过了考试。） 【详解】③the rest of... 意为“剩余的......”,其后既可以加可数名词，也可以加不可数名词。当“the rest of +n. ”做主语时，谓语动词单复数由其后的名词决定。 例：The rest of the students are playing basketball on the playground.（剩余的学生正在操场上打篮球。） （主语核心是复数名词students，因此谓语用复数are） The rest of the milk is enough for breakfast.（剩余的牛奶足够当早餐。） （主语核心是不可数名词milk，因此谓语用单数is） 【拓展】rest  n. 休息 Let’s have a rest. 让我们休息一下。  v. 休息 例：We will rest for half an hour. 我们将休息半小时。 【典例】— Would you like ______ a cup of tea with me? — Yes, I’d love to. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你愿意和我喝杯茶吗？——是的，我很乐意。考查固定搭配。would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，故选B。 【即练】 ( ) The rest of the bread ______ on the table. Please don’t forget to put it away. A. are B. is C. were D. have 【答案】B 【简析】句意：剩下的面包在桌子上。请别忘了把它收起来。“the rest of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。bread为不可数名词，故选B。 考点4 Wouldn't you like gold or silver instead？你不喜欢金或银吗？（教材P21） 【详解】instead adv. 代替；顶替  adv. 而  例句：She chose to walk to work instead of driving.她选择步行上班，而不是开车。 Instead, we can try a new method to solve the problem.相反，我们可以尝试一种新方法解决这个问题。 【典例】She didn’t go to the party. ______, she stayed at home and read a book. A. Instead B. Instead of C. But D. So 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她没有去参加聚会。相反，她待在家里看书。考查副词辨析。instead意为“相反，代替”，常单独使用，位于句首或句末。instead of后需接宾语。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) We decided to walk to the park ______ taking the bus because the weather was nice. A. instead B. instead of C. but D. and 【答案】B 【简析】句意：因为天气好，我们决定步行去公园而不是坐公交车。instead of意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词或动名词。故选B。 考点5 "No, just rice," the old man replied without hesitation. “不，就只要大米。”老人毫不犹豫地回答。（教材P21） 【详解】①reply v. /n. 回答；回复 作不及物动词，单独使用。若加宾语，需要加介词to，即reply to+宾语。 reply to：回应，答复，如“reply to a letter”（回信）、“reply to a comment”（回复评论） 【拓展】辨析：reply 和answer a.“answer”可自由地用作及物或不及物动词；“reply”除后接that从句或引出直接引语时是及物动词外，一般只用作不及物动词，其后若接名词或代词作宾语，应借助介词“to” 。 例如：He replied that he had changed his mind.（他回答说他改变了主意）； He didn’t answer [reply to] my question.（他没有回答我的问题） b.“answer”除表示“回答”外，还可表示接听（电话）或对门铃等声响作出反应等（常与telephone、door、bell、door - bell等连用），“reply”不能这样用。 例如：Who answered the telephone?（谁接的电话？） A little girl answered the door.（一个小女孩应声去开门） C.名词用法：两者都可用作名词，要表示“对……的回答（答复、答案）”等，其后均接介词“to”（不用“of”）。不过，“answer”作名词时有“答案”的意思，“reply”作名词时一般不作“答案”讲。 例如：Have you had an answer to your letter?（你寄出的信有回音没有？） I received no reply to my request.（我的要求没有收到任何答复） The answer is correct.（答案是正确的） ② hesitation n. 犹豫→ hesitate v. 犹豫 常用短语： hesitate to do sth：表示犹豫做某事、不愿做某事。 without hesitation 毫不犹豫 例句：She hesitated to hurt the child's feelings.（她不想伤害孩子的感情） He jumped into the river to save the kid without hesitation. 他毫不犹豫地跳进河里救那个孩子。 【典例】I asked him a question, but he didn’t ______ to me. A. answer B. reply C. reply to D. replied 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我问了他一个问题，但他没有回答我。考查动词用法。reply作不及物动词时，后接宾语需加介词to，即reply to sb.。answer可作及物动词直接接宾语。根据空格后to me，可知需用reply to。故选C。 【即练】 ( ) When the teacher asked who broke the window, Tom stood up and answered ______. A. with hesitation B. without hesitation C. hesitate D. hesitant 【答案】B 【简析】句意：当老师问谁打破了窗户时，汤姆毫不犹豫地站起来回答。without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫”，符合语境。with hesitation“犹豫地”，与句意相反。故选B。 考点6 "How many grains of rice will this be?" the king wondered. “这将有多少粒米？”国王想知道。（教材P21） 【详解】wonder v.想知道；琢磨 例句：He wondered to find the right way to apologize.他想知道如何找到合适的道歉方式。 She wondered what had happened to her lost keys.她想知道她丢失的钥匙出了什么事。 I wonder if he will come to the party tonight. 我想知道他今晚是否会来参加聚会。 Tourists all wonder at the ancient building’s delicate carvings.游客们都对这座古建筑的精美雕刻赞叹不已。 It’s no wonder that she passed the exam—she studied day and night.难怪她通过了考试——她日夜苦读。 The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in human history.长城是人类历史上最伟大的奇迹之一。 【典例】I ______ whether you could help me with this problem. A. wonder B. wander C. want D. wish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道你是否能帮我解决这个问题。考查动词辨析。wonder whether/if意为“想知道是否……”，符合句意。wander闲逛；want想要；wish希望。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) ______ that you’ve been working so hard, you passed the exam easily. A. No problem B. No wonder C. No way D. No idea 【答案】B 【简析】句意：难怪你一直那么努力，你轻松通过了考试。No wonder意为“难怪”，表示理解某事的原因。故选B。 考点7 After thinking about it for a moment, the king agreed.国王想了一会儿，同意了。（教材P21） 【详解】①agree v. 同意 反义词：disagree 不同意 【详解】② for a moment 片刻，一会儿= for a while 【典例】— Do you think we should start now? — I ______ with you. Let’s go. A. agree B. disagree C. realize D. promise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得我们现在应该开始吗？——我同意你的看法。我们走吧。考查动词辨析。agree with sb.意为“同意某人”。disagree不同意；realize意识到；promise承诺。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) Please wait here ______. The teacher will come soon. A. for a moment B. for a long time C. at the moment D. in a moment 【答案】A 【简析】句意：请在这里等一会儿。老师马上就来。for a moment意为“一会儿”，符合语境。at the moment“此刻”；in a moment“立刻，马上”。故选A。 考点8 After a few squares, the king realized the problem... 几个方块之后，国王意识到一个问题...（教材P21） 【详解】realize v. 意识到； 用法如下 （1）realize + n. At last she realized her mistakes. 最后她意识到了她的错误。 （2）realize + that 从句 I realized that is was time to go to school. 我意识到该上学了。 （3）realize + 疑问词+其他 I don’t think you realize how important this is to her. 我认为你没有意识到这对她多重要。 （4） realize还有“实现”的意思。 She finally realized her dream. 她终于实现了自己的梦想。 【典例】He didn’t ______ how serious the problem was until it was too late. A. realize B. agree C. wonder D. reply 【答案】A 【详解】句意：直到为时已晚，他才意识到问题有多严重。考查动词辨析。realize意为“意识到”，后可接从句。agree同意；wonder想知道；reply回复。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) After ten years of hard work, she finally ______ her dream of becoming a doctor. A. realized B. realized to C. came D. achieved to 【答案】A 【简析】句意：经过十年的努力，她终于实现了成为一名医生的梦想。realize one‘s dream意为“实现梦想”，为固定搭配。achieve也可表示“实现”，但需说achieve one’s dream，不需要加to。故选A。 考点9 And then we need to check the train or flight schedule.然后我们需要核对火车或航班时刻表。 【详解】 【典例】The train ______ says the next train to Beijing will arrive at 3:00 p.m. A. schedule B. ticket C. map D. clock 【答案】A 【详解】句意：火车时刻表显示下一趟去北京的火车将在下午3点到达。考查名词辨析。schedule意为“时刻表；日程安排”，train schedule“火车时刻表”。ticket票；map地图；clock钟表。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) The meeting is ______ for 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. Don’t be late. A. scheduled B. scheduled to C. schedule D. scheduling 【答案】A 【简析】句意：会议安排在明天早上9点。不要迟到。be scheduled for意为“安排在（时间）”，为固定搭配。故选A。 考点10 rise（sharply，quickly，slowly），grow，go up, double 上升（急剧、迅速、缓慢），增长，上升，翻倍 fall（sharply，quickly，slowly）, drop, go down 下降（急剧、迅速、缓慢），掉落，下降(教材P28) 【详解】①sharply adv. 急剧；突然；大幅度地 → sharp adj. 锋利的;敏锐的；急剧的 ②go up/ go down 上升/ 下降 【典例】The temperature has ______ sharply these days. Many people caught a cold. A. risen B. raised C. dropped D. went down 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些天气温急剧下降。许多人感冒了。考查动词辨析。drop sharply意为“急剧下降”。rise上升；raised是及物动词；went down虽可表示下降，但本句使用现在完成时has + 过去分词，应为dropped。故选C。 【即练】 ( ) The price of houses in this city has ______ in the past five years. It’s hard for young people to buy one. A. gone down B. dropped C. gone up D. fallen 【答案】C 【简析】句意：过去五年里这个城市的房价上涨了。年轻人很难买得起。根据句意，房价应是“上涨”，go up表示上升。gone down/dropped/fallen都是下降。故选C。 Grammar Cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers 基数词和序数词（教材P25） 知识导图 表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少，序数词表示顺序或等级。数词的功能相当于名词或形容词，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或同位语。 一、基数词的表示法 表示方法 示例 1~12单独记忆 one 1; two 2; three 3; four 4; five 5; six 6; seven 7; eight 8; nine 9; ten 10; eleven 11; twelve 12 13~19的数字以-teen结尾 thirteen 13; fourteen 14; fifteen 15; sixteen 16; seventeen 17; eighteen 18; nineteen 19 20~90等整十基数词以-ty结尾 twenty 20; thirty 30; forty 40; fifty 50; sixty 60; seventy 70; eighty 80; ninety 90 21~99之间非整十基数词是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符 twenty-two 22; thirty-three 33; forty-four 44; fifty-five 55; sixty-six 66; seventy-seven 77; eighty-eight 88; ninety-nine 99 101～999:基数词+hundred+and+整十位数+连字符+个位数 108:one hundred and eight 256:two hundred and fifty-six 908: nine hundred and eight 1,000以上的基数词：英语用千、百万等单位计数，大数字从右向左数，每隔三位加一个逗号。从右开始，第一个逗号处读thousand(千),第二个逗号处读million(百万),第三个逗号处读billion(十亿) 1,001:one thousand and one 1,813:one thousand,eight hundred and thirteen 12,345:twelve thousand,three hundred and forty-five 1,234,567 :one million,two hundred and thirty-four thousand,five hundred and sixty-seven 5,123,456,789:five billion,one hundred and 单位词 hundred百；thousand千；million百万；billion十亿 记忆口诀: 基数词很容易，1~12词各异。 13至19，以-teen结尾不要丢。 20至90，整十后面有-ty。 几十几，也容易，先说几十再说几，中间短杠“-”加上去。 hundred是一百，百内数字记心怀。 几百几，挺容易，先说几百再说几，中间and 加上去。 thousand是一千，千内数字记心间。 易错警示： ①英语中的基数词只有表示“百""千"“百万”“十化”的单位词，没有表示“万”亿”的单位词，故常用 thousand (十)和million(百万)来表达。表示“一万”时要用ten/10 thousand;表示“一亿”时用a hundred million或100 million。②and只用在hundred后面。 二、基数词的位置 用法 例句 基数词放在another、all之后 We'll have to wait another three weeks for the results. 我们还得再等三周才能知道结果。 The boy lost all the five pencils last week. 这个男孩上周把五支铅笔全丢了。 基数词位于such、more之前 I can finish reading two such books in three days. 三天内我能读完两本这样的书。 Please give me one more banana to eat. 请再给我一个香蕉吃。 基数词可置于last、next、other之后 His last two books are written in English. 他的最后两本书是用英语写的。 Mr.Liu will teach you the next four lessons. 下面的四节课将由刘先生教你们。 ★知识点2 序数词 1.序数词的表示法 第 1 ~ 第 1 0 第 1 1 ~ 第 1 9 第 2 0 ~ 第 9 0 ( 整 十 ) first 1st eleventh 11th twentieth 20th second 2nd twelfth 12th twenty-first 21th third 3rd thirteenth 13th thirtieth 30th fourth 4th fourteenth 14th fortieth 40th fifth 5th fifteenth 15th fiftieth 50th sixth 6th sixteenth 16th sixtieth 60th seventh 7th seventeenth 17th seventieth 70th eighth 8th eighteenth 18th eightieth 80th ninth 9th nineteenth 19th ninetieth 90th tenth 10th —— —— ninety-ninth 99th 2.序数词的构成 构成 示例 1～3:形式不同，需要单独记忆 one→first(1st) two→second(2nd) three→third(3rd) 4~19:由相应的基数词变形后加-th构成 four→ fourth(4th) five→fifth(5th) nine→ninth(9th) eight→eighth(8th) twelve→twelfth(12th) sixteen→sixteenth(16th) 20～90中整十的序数词： 由相应的基数词词尾-y变为i,再加-eth twenty→twentieth(20th) thirty→thirtieth(30th) forty→fortieth(40th) fifty→fiftieth(50th) sixty→sixtieth(60th) seventy→seventieth(70th) eighty→eightieth(80th) ninety→ninetieth(90th) 21～99中非整十的序数词：只将个位数变为序数词，十位数不变，中间用连字符连接 twenty-one→twenty-first(21st) thirty-two→thirty-second(32th) fifty-eight→fifty-eighth(58th) fifty-nine→fifty-ninth(59th) eighty-nine→eighty-ninth(89th) ninety-nine→ninety-ninth(99th) 百、千、百万、十亿、万亿：均在其后加-th hundred→hundredth thousand→thousandth million→millionth 记忆口诀： 基变序，很容易， 结尾加上-th。 一二三，特殊记， 结尾各是t,d,d 。 八去t,九去e, ve 要用f 替。 整十变化需注意，去掉y加-ieth。 若想表示第几十几，只变个位就可以。 ★知识点3 数的应用 一、分数、小数、百分数和倍数的表示法 基数词表示数目的多少，大于1的基数词后接可数名词时，可数名词用复数；序数词表示事物的先后顺序时，往往与定冠词the连用，其后接可数名词单数表示分数、百分数、小数、倍数。 类别 表示方法 示例 分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大1时，分母变复数形式；分子与分母之间可以加连字符也可以不加 a third/one third four fifths/four-fifths 带分数用"整数+and+分数"表示 Four and a third 4 five and three fifths 5 百分数 基数词+percent(%) twenty-five percent 25% fifty-two percent 52 小数 基数词+point(.)+基数词 three point six two 3.62 one point five 1.5 倍数 倍数为1,用once;倍数为2,用twice/ double;倍数≥3,用"基数词+times" once 1倍 five times 5倍 three times 3倍 倍数+the size/weight/height/depth width/ length /age of... China is almost five times the size of Mexico in area. 在面积上，中国几乎是墨西哥的五倍大。 倍数+比较级+than.. I am twice older than you. 我的年龄是你的(年龄的)两倍大。 倍数+as...as.. This school is four times as big as that one. 这个学校是那个学校的4倍大。 易错警示： “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面的名词的单复数决定。 As we ll know,71%of the surface of the earth is covered with water. 众所周知，地球表面有71%被水覆盖。 记忆口诀： 分数的表达 分子基数词，分母序数词。 分子大于1, 分母加s。 带分数莫着急，前加整数and连。 分母若是2或4, half,quarter 可代替。 二、表示时刻 类别 表示方法 示例 几点整 小时(基数词)(+o'clock) eight o'clock 8点钟 差几分到几点 分钟数>30时，用“60-分钟”+to+“小时+1” twenty to eight 7点40分 几点过几分 分钟数≤30时，用“分钟+ past+小时” ten past nine9点10分 半小时 half half past six 六点半 一刻钟 (15分钟) quarter ①a quarter to six5点45分 ② a quarter past three3点15分 三、表示年龄 类别 表示方法 示例 表示“具体年龄” 基数词+year(s)+old nine years old 9岁 Fifteen years old 15岁 at the age of+基数词 at the age of four在4岁时 At the age of sixteen 在16岁时 冠词+基数-year-old +可数名词单数 an eight-year- old boy一个8岁的男孩 a nine-year-old girl 一个九岁的女孩 表示“大概年龄” in+one's+整十基数词的复数形式 in his thirties 在他三十多岁时 in her fifties 在她五十多岁时 表示“几岁生日” the/形容词性物主代词+序数词+ birthday her ninth birthday 她的九岁生日 His eighteenth birthday 他的十八岁生日 四、表示年、月、日、世纪、年代 类别 表示方法 示例 年、月、日 “年”用基数词，“日”用序数词 (美：月/日/年; 英：日/月/年) 2024年1月11日： 美：January 11st,2024 英：11st January,2024 世纪 the+序数词+century 20世纪：the twentieth century 年代 the+整十年份+s/'s 20世纪90年代：the 1990s/1990's 五、表示编号 表示方法 示例 可数名词单数(首字母大写)+基数词(英语单词首字母需大写) 第九十页：Page Ninety 408号房间：Room 408 No.+基数词 20路公交车：Bus No.20 基数词 常用电话号码： 110公安报警电话 120急救热线 119 消防报警热线 基数词+专有名词 中山路105号：105 Zhongshan Road 北海路301号：301 Beihai Road the+序数词+可数名词单数/专有名词 第一节课：the first lesson 第二次世界大战：the Second World War 六、表示计量 类别 表示方法 示例 长、宽、 高、面积 基数词+单位词+形容词 (long/ wide/ high等) ①5米长:five meters long =five meters in length ②8米宽：eight meters wide =eight meters in width ③2米高：two meters high=two meters in height 基数词+单位词+in+名词 (length/width/ height/ weight等) 温度 非零下温度：基数词+degree(s) (+单位词) 1℃: one degree(centigrade) 零下温度：①基数词+degree(s) +below zero(+单位词);②minus +基数词+degree(s)(+单位词) ①零下5℃:five degrees below zero (centigrade) =minus five degrees (centigrade) ②零下10℃:minus ten degrees(centigrade) =minus ten degrees (centigrade) ★知识点4 确切数字和概数的表达 hundred、thousand、million等的用法 类别 表示方法 短语和例句 表示确切的数字 表示确切的数字基数词+hundred/ thousand/...+可数名词复数  four hundred cars四百辆汽车 three thousand people三千人 ‌Our school has six hundred students in total. 我们学校总共有六百名学生。 表示概数 hundreds/thousands/...+of+可数名词复数 hundreds of new tall buildings（数以百计的新高楼） thousands of students（数以千计的学生） The company earned millions of dollars in profit last year. 这家公司去年盈利数百万美元。 The universe is estimated to have billions of galaxies. 据估计，宇宙中有数十亿个星系。 【即练】 一、完成下面填表 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 one first thirteen ___1___ thirty ___2___ two ___3___ ___4___ fourteenth forty fortieth ___5___ third fifteen ___6___ fifty ___7___ four ___8___ ___9___ sixteenth ___10___ sixtieth ___11___ fifth seventeen ___12___ seventy ___13___ six ___14___ ___15___ eighteenth ___16___ eightieth ___17___ seventh nineteen ninety ___18___ eight ___19___ nine ___20___ 解析：1．thirteenth 2．thirtieth 3．second 4．fourteen 5．three 6．fifteenth 7．fiftieth 8．fourth 9．sixteen 10．sixty 11．five 12．seventeenth 13．seventieth 14．sixth 15．eighteen 16．eighty 17．seven 18．ninetieth 19．eighth 20．ninth 【解析】1．thirteen的序数词形式为thirteenth，表示“第十三”。故填thirteenth。 2．thirty的序数词形式为thirtieth，表示“第三十”。故填thirtieth。 3．two的序数词形式为second，表示“第二”。故填second。 4．fourteenth的基数词形式为fourteen，表示“十四”。故填fourteen。 5．third的基数词形式为three，表示“三”。故填three。 6．fifteen的序数词形式为fifteenth，表示“第十五”。故填fifteenth。 7．fifty的序数词形式为fiftieth，表示“第五十”。故填fiftieth 8．four的序数词形式为fourth，表示“第四”。故填fourth。 9．sixteenth的基数词形式为sixteen，表示“十六”。故填sixteen。 10．sixtieth的基数词形式为sixty，表示“六十”。故填sixty。 11．fifth的基数词形式为five，表示“五”。故填five。 12．seventeen的序数词形式为seventeenth，表示“第十七”。故填seventeenth。 13．seventy的序数词形式为seventieth，表示“第七十”。故填seventieth。 14．six的序数词形式为sixth，表示“第六”。故填sixth。 15．eighteenth的基数词形式为eighteen，表示“十八”。故填eighteen。 16．eightieth的基数词形式为eighty，表示“八十”。故填eighty。 17．seventh的基数词形式为seven，表示“七”。故填seven。 18．ninety的序数词形式为ninetieth，表示“第九十”。故填ninetieth。 19．eight的序数词形式为eighth，表示“第八”。故填eighth。 20．nine的序数词形式为ninth，表示“第九”。故填ninth。 二、单项选择 21．More than ________ people died in the war between the two countries two years ago. A．two millions B．two million C．million of D．two million of 22．________ Susan Baur, with her team members, often ________ to nearby rivers and lakes to clean up garbage (垃圾) in them. A．65-years-old; goes B．65-year-old; goes C．65-years-old; go D．65-year-old; go 23．The weight of the moon is only about ________ of that of the earth. A．one eighty B．one of eighty C．one the eightieth D．one eightieth 24．December is ________ and last month in a year. A．the twelveth B．twelveth C．the twelfth D．twelfth 25．—Can you read the number 36.36 correctly?   —Yes, I can read it as ________. A．thirty-six point three six B．three six point three six C．thirty-six point thirty-six D．three six point thirty-six 26．I was told they would stay in China for ________. A．one and a half years B．one and a half year C．one and half years D．one half and one year 27．________ of the boys________ playing basketball. A．Two thirds; is B．Two thirds; are C．Second three; is D．Seconds three; are 28．________, Mr. Smith came to China. He was ________ then, I remember. A．In 1990s, in the thirties B．On the 1990s, in the thirty C．In the 1990s, in his thirties D．On 1990s, in his thirties 29．— ________ is it from here?   — It’s about ________ ride away. A．How far; twenty minutes B．How long; twenty minutes’ C．How long; twenty minute’s D．How far; twenty minutes’ 30．About ________ of the teachers in our school ________ born in ________. 解析：21．B 【详解】句意：两年前，在这两个国家的战争中，超过两百万人死亡。 考查数词用法。two millions错误表达；two million两百万；million of错误表达；two million of 错误表达。根据“More than…people died in the war between the two countries two years ago.”可知，million前有具体数字时，用单数形式，且不加of。故选B。 22．B 【详解】句意：65岁的苏珊·鲍尔和她的团队成员经常去附近的河流和湖泊清理垃圾。 考查年龄表达和时态。65-years-old表达错误；65-year-old 65岁的；goes三单形式；go动词原形。表示年龄的复合形容词需用连字符连接，且单位词用单数形式，即65-year-old，排除选项A、C；主语是Susan Baur，谓语动词需用第三人称单数goes。故选B。 23．D 【详解】句意：月球的重量只有地球的八十分之一左右。 考查分数的表达。在分数表达中，基数词作分子，序数词作分母，此句分子是一，序数词用单数形式，one eightieth八十分之一。故选D。 24．C 【详解】句意：12月是一年中的第12个月，也是最后一个月。 考查序数词。此空应填序数词，第12的英语表达为twelfth，序数词前面应用定冠词the。故选C。 25．A 【详解】句意：—— 你能正确读出数字36.36吗？—— 是的，我可以把它读成 thirty-six point three six。 考查小数的英语读法。小数的读法是：整数部分按整数读法读，“.”读作“point”，小数部分依次读出每个数字。36读作“thirty-six”，“.36”读作“point three six”，所以36.36读作“thirty-six point three six”，故选A。 26．A 【详解】句意：我听说他们将在中国待一年半。 考查时间表达法。one and a half years或one year and a half表示“一年半”，其他选项表达错误。故选A。 27．B 【详解】句意：三分之二的男孩正在打篮球。在英语中，在表达分数时，分子要用基数词，分母用序数词；若分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。two thirds2/3，排除选项C和D。分数后面的the boys是复数形式，be动词用are，故答案选B。 【点睛】本题考查的知识点有分数的表达和主谓一致，一般情况下，表示分数时，分子要用基数词，分母要用序数词，如果分子大于1，表示分母的序数词要用复数形式，如：two thirds 三分之二。由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：60% of the students in our class are girls. 我们班60%的学生是女生。Two thirds of the apple is red.这个苹果的三分之二是红色的。 28．C 【详解】句意：20世纪90年代，史密斯先生来到中国。我记得他当时三十多岁。 考查数词的用法。第一空表示年代，用In the 1990s表示“在20世纪90年代”；第二空表示年龄，用“in one’s +数词复数”表示“在某人多少岁的时候”。故选C。 29．D 【详解】句意：——离这里有多远？——大约二十分钟车程。 考查特殊疑问句和名词所有格。how far有多远；how long多长时间；twenty minutes二十分钟；twenty minutes’二十分钟的。根据“…is it from here? ”及答语可知，此处是询问距离，how far“多远”，符合语境；根据“It’s about…ride away.”可知，此处指的是大约二十分钟的车程，twenty minutes’“二十分钟的”，名词所有格修饰名词“ride”，符合语境。故选D。 30．B 【详解】句意：我们学校大约三分之二的教师出生在20世纪70年代。 考查分数的表达、主谓一致以及年代的表达。分数的表达方式为：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，分子大于一，分母加s。所以此处三分之二的表达方式为two-thirds，所以排除C和D；当分数作主语时，其后的谓语动词形式取决于后边的名词；teachers为复数，be born意为“出生于……”，且用于过去时，故此处用were，所以排除A；in the 1970s表示“20世纪70年代”。故选B。 三、单词拼写 36．Even a child knows September is the _________ (nine) month of a year. 37．We Chinese celebrated the ________ (ninety) birthday of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) in many ways. 38．The ________ (two) Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. 39．My family live on the ________ (five) floor of the tall building. 40．My uncle lives on the ______ (twelve) floor of the building. 41．I’ve bought a present for my father’s _________ (forty) birthday. 42．Climb up to the ________ (thirty-two) floor, and you can enjoy a better view. 43．I brush my teeth ________ (two) a day. 44．There are fifty students in our class, and two-________ (three) of them are girls. 45．The man died in his ________ (sixty). 解析：36．ninth 【详解】句意：连孩子都知道九月是一年中的第九个月。根据“September is the...month of a year.”可知，此处是指第九个月份，应用序数词ninth“第九”，表示顺序。故填ninth。 37．ninetieth/90th 【详解】句意：我们中国人用许多方式庆祝中国共产党的九十岁生日。分析句子可知，此处修饰birthday，且空前有定冠词the修饰，所给提示词为数词，由此可推断此处使用序数词作定语修饰birthday；ninety九十，基数词，其对应的序数词为ninetieth/90th；此处使用序数词ninetieth/90th，表示“中国共产党的九十岁生日”。故填ninetieth/90th。 38．second 【详解】句意：五月的第二个星期天是母亲节。根据句意以及“the”可知，此空需要序数词。故填second。 39．fifth 【详解】句意：我家住在高楼的第五层。根据空前定冠词“the”和空后的名词单数“floor”可知，基数词“five”应变为序数词“fifth”，意为“第五”，作定语，修饰“floor”。故填fifth。 40．twelfth 【详解】句意：我叔叔住在这栋楼的12楼。twelve“十二”，基数词；根据“My uncle lives on the...floor”可知，此处指住在第十二层楼，应用序数词twelfth“第十二”表示顺序。故填twelfth。 41．fortieth 【详解】句意：我为父亲四十岁生日买了一件礼物。空处修饰其后的名词“birthday”，应用序数词表示顺序，故填fortieth。 42．thirty-second 【详解】句意：爬到三十二楼，你可以欣赏到更好的风景。根据“the...floor”可知，此处表示“第几层楼”，应用序数词形式，thirty-two“三十二”，基数词，其序数词形式为thirty-second。故填thirty-second。 43．twice 【详解】句意：我每天刷两次牙。twice a day“每天两次”，此处表示频率，故填twice。 44．thirds 【详解】句意：我们班有50名学生，其中三分之二是女生。空处表示“三分之二”，分母应用序数词，且分子大于1，序数词需用复数形式。故填thirds。 45．sixties 【详解】句意：那人在六十多岁时去世了。sixty“六十”，基数词。“in one’s+整十的基数词复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，故sixty用其复数形式。故填sixties。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、单词拼写 1．I am _______ (目前) reading an interesting book in my free time. 2．I need to _______ (检查) the train schedule online to plan our trip. 3．We have a strict _______(预算) for our class party, so we need to plan wisely. 4．Guangdong is a southern _______ (省份) in China with many big cities. 5．She turned her head ________ (突然大幅度地) when she heard someone call her name. 6．Can you help me _______ (数数) the number of books on this shelf? 7．Our school uses a new online _______ (系统) for students to check homework. 8．In China, long noodles are a ________ (象征) of long life. 9．The blue lines on the map _______ (代表) rivers and lakes. 10．________ (准确地), my English teacher is an excellent lady. 11．The airport display shows the _______ (航班时刻表) for all arriving planes. 12．I liked the shirt, but the ________ (价格标签) was too high for my budget. 13．She stopped and thought _______ (片刻) before making her decision. 14．The brave firefighter ran into the burning building _______ (没有犹豫). 15．The building has many floors. We can take the lift to _______ (上升) . 16．The sun will ________ (下降) in about an hour, so let’s go home soon. 17．Please _________ (写下) your name and phone number on this piece of paper. 18．Let’s go for a walk in the park _______ (代替) staying at home all day. 解析： 1．currently 【详解】句意：我目前在空闲时间读一本有趣的书。根据“I am…reading”可知，横线处需填副词，目前“currently”，副词，用来修饰动词“reading”，表示“目前正在读”。故填currently。 2．check 【详解】句意：我需要在线查看火车时刻表来规划我们的旅行。“检查”对应的英文单词是“check”，“need to do sth.”表示“需要做某事”，to后面接动词原形，所以这里用check。故填check。 3．budget 【详解】句意：我们班级派对有严格的预算，所以需要明智地规划。根据“We have a strict...”以及汉语提示“预算”可知，此处应用名词budget；根据语境，这里“预算”指整体的计划，为单数意义，用单数形式即可。故填budget。 4．province 【详解】句意：广东是中国的一个南方省份，有许多大城市。“省份”对应的英文是“province”，前面有不定冠词“a”修饰，要用单数形式。故填province。 5．sharply 【详解】句意：当她听到有人叫她的名字时，她突然大幅度地转过头来。根据汉语提示可知，sharply“突然大幅度地”，副词，修饰动词。故填sharply。 6．count 【详解】句意：你能帮我数一下这个书架上的书的数量吗？“数数”对应的英文是“count”，“help sb. do sth.”结构中要用动词原形。故填count。 7．system 【详解】句意：我们学校使用一个新的在线系统供学生检查作业。根据“new online”以及汉语提示“系统”可知，此处需要填名词system，且前面有不定冠词a，用单数形式即可。故填system。 8．symbol 【详解】句意：在中国，长面条是长寿的象征。根据汉语提示可知，symbol“象征”，可数名词，根据“a”可知，此处用其单数形式。故填symbol。 9．represent 【详解】句意：地图上的蓝线代表河流和湖泊。根据汉语提示“代表”可知，其对应英文为“represent”。此句描述的是客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语“The blue lines”是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填represent。 10．Exactly 【详解】句意：确实，我的英语老师是一位优秀的女士。结合汉语提示可知，此处应用副词exactly修饰整个句子，表达对后续陈述的强调及认同，且句首首字母大写。故填Exactly。 11．flight schedule 【详解】句意：机场显示屏会显示所有抵达航班的飞行时刻表。结合汉语提示可知，“航班时刻表”的常见英文表达为“flight schedule”，为名词短语。故填flight schedule。 12．price tag 【详解】句意：我喜欢这件衬衫，但价格标签对我的预算来说太高了。根据汉语提示可知，price tag意为“价格标签”，句中定冠词the表明此处用单数形式即可。故填price tag。 13．for a moment 【详解】句意：在做出决定之前，她停下来思考了片刻。根据中文提示“片刻”可知，此处表示“片刻，一会儿”，可用短语for a moment表示。故填for a moment。 14．without hesitation 【详解】句意：这位勇敢的消防员毫不犹豫地冲进了着火的大楼。根据中文提示“没有犹豫”，英文表达为“without hesitation”，其中without是介词，表示“没有”，hesitation是名词，表示“犹豫”。故填without hesitation。 15．go up 【详解】句意：这栋楼有很多层。我们可以乘电梯上升。“上升”对应的英文短语是“go up”，“take the lift to do sth.”结构中要用动词原形。故填go up。 16．go down 【详解】句意：太阳大约一小时后会下降，所以我们赶紧回家吧。“下降”对应的英文短语是“go down”，根据“will”可知，句子是一般将来时，will后接动词原形。故填go down。 17．write down 【详解】句意：请在这张纸上写下你的姓名和电话号码。“写下”对应的英文是“write down”，此句是祈使句，要用动词原形。故填write down。 18．instead of 【详解】句意：让我们去公园散步，代替整天待在家里。“代替”，对应的英文固定搭配是“instead of”。故填instead of。 二、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。 agree    carry    challenge    explore    four     make    one    reply    win    wonder 1．Life is . You never know what you’re going to face in the next minute. 2．In China, spring is a season to enjoy beautiful flowers. 3．All of us have the same opinion about it. I think we will be in with their decision. 4．I phoned Julia to make a date three times yesterday, but there were no . 5．John worked very hard and first place in the competition. 6．My mother promises a birthday cake for me every year. 7．—It is said that three of my classmates love listening to music in their free time. —It’s a good way to take a break from long time study. 8．There are so many desks and chairs. You should make enough people them out of the room. 9．The emperor ordered Zheng He the lands outside China. 10．The new bookshop is on the floor of the shopping centre. 1．challenging 2．wonderful 3．agreement 4．replies 5．won 6．to make 7．fourths 8．carry 9．to explore 10．first 【详解】1．句意：生活充满挑战。你永远不知道下一分钟你会面对什么。根据“Life is”及所给词可知，此处用形容词作表语，备选词challenge的形容词形式是challenging，意为“具有挑战性的”，符合语境。故填challenging。 2．句意：在中国，春天是一个欣赏美丽花朵的美好季节。根据“a…season”可知，此处需形容词修饰名词，备选词wonder的形容词形式是wonderful，意为“美好的”，符合“春天是赏花的美好季节”的语境。故填wonderful。 3．句意：我们所有人对此都有相同的看法。我认为我们会同意他们的决定。根据“be in…with”可知，此处需名词，备选词agree的名词形式是agreement，构成固定搭配be in agreement with“与……一致”。故填agreement。 4．句意：我昨天给茱莉亚打了三次电话想约会，但都没有回复。根据“there were no”可知，此处需名词复数，备选词reply的复数形式是replies，意为“回复”，符合“没有回复”的语境。故填replies。 5．句意：约翰非常努力，并在比赛中获得了第一名。根据“worked very hard and…”可知，此处需动词过去式与worked并列，备选词win的过去式是won，意为“赢得”，符合“赢得第一名”的语境。故填won。 6．句意：我妈妈承诺每年给我做一个生日蛋糕。根据“promises…”可知，此处需动词不定式，构成固定搭配promise to do sth“承诺做某事”，备选词make的不定式是to make，make a cake“做蛋糕”符合语境。故填to make。 7．句意：——据说我的同学中有四分之三喜欢在空闲时间听音乐。——这是从长时间学习中休息的好方法。根据“three…of”可知，此处需分数表达，分母用序数词的复数形式，备选词four的序数词是fourth，复数形式为fourths，three fourths“四分之三”。故填fourths。 8．句意：有这么多桌椅。你应该让足够的人把它们搬出房间。根据“make enough people…”可知，此处需动词原形，构成固定搭配make sb do sth“让某人做某事”，备选词carry意为“搬运”，carry out“搬出”符合语境。故填carry。 9．句意：皇帝命令郑和探索中国以外的土地。根据“ordered Zheng He…”可知，此处需动词不定式，构成固定搭配order sb to do sth“命令某人做某事”，备选词explore意为“探索”，符合“探索国外土地”的语境。故填to explore。 10．句意：新书店在购物中心的一楼。根据“on the…floor”可知，此处需序数词，备选词one的序数词是first，意为“第一”，符合“一楼”的语境。故填first。 三、完形填空 Many people are superstitious(迷信的) about numbers. They think that there are lucky numbers and 1 numbers. The number 13 is often considered(被认为) unlucky. In 2 parts of the world, buildings don’t have the 3 floor. People go from the twelfth to the fourteenth 4 . Some door numbers are like that 5 . In Japan, the number 4 is considered unlucky because in Japan the word “four” is pronounced the same as the word “death”. The Japanese 6 give gifts of four knives, four napkins or four of anything. 7 are lucky numbers? 7 is a lucky number in many places, and 8 is considered a lucky number both in Japan and China. In China, businesses often open 8 August 8, and many couples get married at 8: 08 on August 8. Some people 9 lucky numbers very deeply. They would like to get a telephone number with “8” or “6” in it, although it 10 them much more money. They think that the lucky numbers can really bring them good luck, and, at least no evidence(证据) says they can not. 1．A．true B．bad C．wise D．unlucky 2．A．every B．any C．some D．all 3．A．thirteen B．thirteenth C．thirty D．thirtieth 4．A．amount B．number C．room D．floor 5．A．as well B．and so on C．for example D．as though 6．A．usually B．always C．sometimes D．never 7．A．What B．Why C．When D．How many 8．A．in B．with C．at D．on 9．A．realize B．discuss C．believe D．promise 10．A．costs B．spends C．pays D．takes 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了各个国家的人们认为哪些数字是幸运的，哪些是不幸运的。 1．句意：他们认为有幸运数字和不幸运数字。 true真实的；bad坏的；wise明智的；unlucky不幸运的。根据“there are lucky numbers and…numbers”可知，有幸运数字和不幸运的数字。故选D。 2．句意：在世界上的一些地方，建筑物没有第十三层。 every每个；any任何；some一些；all所有。根据“The number 13 is often considered(被认为) unlucky.”可知，3在一些地方被认为是不幸运的。故选C。 3．句意：在世界上的一些地方，建筑物没有第十三层。 thirteen十三；thirteenth第十三；thirty三十；thirtieth第三十。根据“People go from the twelfth to the fourteenth…”可知，一些地方没有第十三楼，the+序数词+名词单数。故选B。 4．句意：人们从十二楼上到十四楼。 amount数量；number数字；room房间；floor楼层。根据“buildings don’t have the…floor”可知，是从12楼到14楼。故选D。 5．句意：有些门牌也是这样的。 as well也；and so on等等；for example例如；as though好像。根据“Some door numbers are like that”可知，一些门牌号与层楼这个例子也一样。故选A。 6．句意：日本人从不赠送四把刀、四张餐巾纸或任何四个的东西。 usually通常；always总是；sometimes有时；never从不。根据“In Japan, the number 4 is considered unlucky”可知，日本人认为数字4不幸运，所以从不送四个的礼物。故选D。 7．句意：幸运数字是什么？ What什么；Why为什么；When什么时候；How many多少。根据“7 is a lucky number”可知，提问幸运数字是什么。故选A。 8．句意：在中国，商家通常在8月8日开门营业，许多夫妻在8月8日8: 08结婚。 in在年、月、季节等；with和；at在某时刻；on在具体某一天。“August 8”具体到8号这天，介词用on。故选D。 9．句意：有些人非常相信幸运数字。 realize意识到；discuss讨论；believe相信；promise承诺。根据“They would like to get a telephone number with ‘8’ or ‘6’ in it”可知，一些人十分相信幸运数字。故选C。 10．句意：他们想得到一个带有“8”或“6”的电话号码，尽管这要花他们更多的钱。 costs花费，主语是物；spends花费，主语是人；pays支付，主语是人；takes花费，通常用形式主语it。主语“it”指代买电话号这件事，“花费”用costs。故选A。 四、阅读理解 The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the time when the European number system was created. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10. The Mayan system had a base 20. This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes. 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable. Therefore, there were two important numbers in this system. Besides 20, the other important number is 5, which had a connection with the number of fingers and toes on one hand or foot. The Mayan system used two symbols (符号). A dot (.) was used to mean the units (one to four) and a dash (—) meant five. The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of nothing (or zero). The most common symbol was that of a shell () but there were several other symbols (e.g. a head) . It is interesting to learn that with all of the great experts on Maths and scientists in ancient Greece and Rome, it was the Mayan Indians who came up with this symbol zero or nothing. The following picture is a form of different numbers and how they would have been written. From further study, people found that the 360 day calendar (日历) also came from the Mayan. They actually used base 18 when they made the calendar. Each month included 20 days with 18 months in a year. This left five days at the end of the year which was month in itself, full of danger and bad luck. In this way, the Mayans had invented the 365 day calendar. 1．What does the underlined “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The European number system. B．The Mayan number system. C．The Arabic number system. D．The Mayan symbol system. 2．Why could the Mayan system be used at that time? A．People lived in such a warm area that they didn’t need to count numbers. B．People believed that they hardly used their fingers or toes to count numbers. C．People thought the number of fingers and toes was enough to count numbers. D．People found that they could use the days in a year of a calendar to count numbers. 3．Which of the following symbols means sixteen? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we learn from the article? A．The Mayan number system had a base 10. B．All number systems had the same symbols. C．There were only 360 days in the Mayan calendar. D．The symbol of zero first appeared in the Mayan number system. 5．Where can you probably find the article? A．A diary. B．An encyclopedia. C．A travel guide. D．A geography magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要阐述的是数字的起源和数字的不同体系。 1．词义猜测题。根据“The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century...It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10. The Mayan system had a base 20.”可知，代词“It”指代的是“The Mayan number system”，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes. 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable.”可知，玛雅数字系统之所以能够使用，是因为人们认为手指和脚趾的总数足够计数，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“A dot (.) was used to mean the units (one to four) and a dash (—) meant five.”可知，数字16由3个“5”和1个“1”组成，所以需要3个“—”和1个“.”，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of nothing (or zero).”可知，零的符号最早出现在玛雅数字系统。故选D。 5．推理判断题。本文主要阐述的是数字的起源和数字的不同体系，所以在百科全书中出现比较恰当，故选B。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或使用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。 There was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer, and mechanic called Zu Chongzhi. Now, he is mainly famous as the 31 (one) person to find out that pi (π) falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. And his result remained the most accurate and 32 (early) value in the world for more than 900 years. He also worked out the close value of pi to be 355/113, which he called “the close ratio (比率)”. This ratio was so hard to get 33 a Japanese mathematician named it “Zu’s ratio”. He was born into a well-educated family. As 34 excellent engineer, his grandfather taught him science. From an early age, he showed great 35 (intelligent) and curiosity. Zu also showed special interests 36 mathematics and astronomy. It is not clear how Zu Chongzhi became interested in 37 (find) the value of pi, yet people have told stories about him. For a long time in the past, people 38 (believe) that the circumference (周长) of a circle was three times its diameter. Zu Chongzhi was not sure about this result and he wanted to prove it by 39 (he). After years of hard work, he 40 (final) worked out the value of pi. 31．first 32．earliest 33．that 34．an 35．intelligence 36．in 37．finding 38．believed 39．himself 40．finally 【导语】 本文主要介绍了中国数学家、天文学家和机械师祖冲之。 【详解】31．句意：现在，他主要因第一个发现圆周率（π）在3.1415926到3.1415927之间而闻名。根据“person to find out that pi (π) falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927”可知，此处指第一个发现圆周率在3.1415926到3.1415927之间的人，表示顺序用序数词“first”，意为“第一”。故填first。 32．句意：他的结果在900多年里一直是世界上最准确、最早的值。根据“the most accurate and”可知，此处用形容词最高级，与“the most accurate”并列，且“and”表并列，前后形式一致，所以用“early”的最高级“earliest”，意为“最早的”。故填earliest。 33．句意：这个比率很难得到，以至于一个日本数学家称它为“祖氏比率”。根据“This ratio was so hard to get”可知，此处为so...that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 34．句意：作为一名优秀的工程师，他的祖父教他科学。根据“As...excellent engineer”可知，此处泛指一名优秀的工程师，“excellent”以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“an”修饰。故填an。 35．句意：从很小的时候起，他就表现出了极大的智慧和好奇心。根据“great”可知，此处用名词形式，“intelligent”的名词形式是“intelligence”，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。故填intelligence。 36．句意：祖冲之也对数学和天文学表现出特殊的兴趣。show interest in意为“对……表现出兴趣”。故填in。 37．句意：目前尚不清楚祖冲之是如何对找出圆周率的值感兴趣的，但人们讲述过关于他的故事。、become interested in doing sth.意为“对做某事感兴趣”，固定词组。故填finding。 38．句意：在过去的很长时间里，人们都认为圆的周长是其直径的三倍。根据“For a long time in the past”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“believe”的过去式是“believed”。故填believed。 39．句意：祖冲之对这个结果不确定，他想自己证明。by oneself意为“独自”，主语是“he”，所以用反身代词himself。故填himself。 40．句意：经过多年的努力，他终于算出了圆周率的值。此处用副词修饰动词，final的副词形式是finally，意为“最终”。故填finally。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 Unit 2 Amazing numbers （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 能正确理解并运用challenge, promise, win, beat, reply, hesitate, wonder, agree, realize, schedule等动词的含义及用法。 2. 掌握would like (sb.) to do sth.、the rest of、instead of、without hesitation等短语的用法。 3. 能区分the amount of / an amount of / the number of / a number of 的用法及主谓一致。 4. 掌握基数词、序数词的构成规则及读法，并能正确表达分数、时刻、年龄、年月日、编号等。 5. 能理解故事中棋盘放米粒的数学逻辑（翻倍增长），并读懂相关英文叙述。 学习重点 1. win与beat的辨析（win后接比赛/奖品，beat后接对手）。 2. reply与answer的辨析（reply to sb. / answer sb.）。 3. the rest of + n.作主语时的主谓一致（看名词单复数）。 4. amount of与number of的区别（修饰不可数/可数名词）。 5. without hesitation等短语的语境运用。 6. 基数词1-100及以上的读写规则，序数词的变化规律（一二三特殊记，八去t九去e等）。 7. 分数、百分数、倍数、时刻、年份、年代、编号的表达法 学习难点 1. 在具体语境中准确区分使用win/beat、reply/answer、amount/number等近义词组。 2. “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数判断。 3. hundred/thousand/million在确切数字与概数中的不同用法（加s与of的搭配）。 4. 基数词变序数词的特殊变化（如twelfth, twentieth, fifty-ninth等）。 5. 用英语正确读写大数字（如1,234,567）以及带分数的表达（如five and three fifths）。 6. 故事中“翻倍”逻辑对应的英文表达（double the amount for each of the rest of the squares）的理解与翻译。 知识导图记忆 考点1 One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. 一天，一位智者来到皇宫，国王向他挑战一场比赛。（教材P20） 【详解】challenge用作名词时，意思是“挑战” 。用作动词时，意思是“挑战”。 【典例】The king decided to ______ the wise man to a chess game. A. challenge B. beat C. win D. promise 【即练】 ( ) Our teacher often encourages us to ______ ourselves to do better in study. A. challenge B. beat C. win D. reply 考点2 “You can have any prize if you win the game,” the king promised the old man. “如果你赢了这场比赛，你可以得到任何奖品。”国王向老人保证。（教材P20） 【详解】①．promise用作动词时，意思是“许诺” ； 用作名词，意思是“诺言, 希望, 约定” 【详解】②win 动词：赢得；获得（win-won-won） winner n. 获胜者，赢家 【拓展辨析】win 和 beat（beat-beat-beaten） 含义及用法 例句 win 及物动词（宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词） Our team won the game last night.我们队昨晚赢得了比赛。 不及物动词（意为“获胜”） She always tries hard to win.她总是努力去获胜。 beat 及物动词（宾语是比赛或竞争的对手，即指人或团队的名词或代词） I beat my classmate in the running race. 我在跑步比赛中击败了我的同学。 不及物动词（意为“（风雨等）拍打，（心脏）跳动”） Her heart was beating fast with excitement. 她的心因兴奋而快速跳动。 【典例】— Dad, I ______ the first prize in the math competition. — Well done! I’m proud of you. A. beat B. won C. challenged D. promised 【即练】 ( ) Our football team ______ the team from No.2 Middle School and ______ the game yesterday. A. beat; won B. won; beat C. beat; beat D. won; won 考点3 I’d like you to double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.我希望你把剩下的每个方块的数量都翻倍。(教材P20) 【详解】①would like（sb.）to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事= want（sb.）to do sth. would like+名词 例：I would like you to have a cup of coffee with me. 我想要你跟我一起去喝杯咖啡。 例：Would you like a cup of coffee? 你想要来杯咖啡吗？ 例：I would like to have a cup of coffee. 我想要喝杯咖啡。 【详解】②【拓展】辨析the amount of ；an amount of ；the number of；a number of A.the amount of +不可数名词，意思为“...... 的数量”，谓语用单数。 例：The amount of milk is 250ml. 牛奶的量是250毫升。 B.an amount of +不可数名词，意为 “一定量的...”,a small/large amount of少量；大量  意为 “大量/少量的......”谓语用单数。 例：An amount of energy is required to start the machine.（启动机器需要一定量的能量。） C.the number of+可数名词复数，意思为“...... 的数量”，谓语用单数。 例：The number of students in our class is 20. 我们班学生的数量是20。 D.a number of +可数名词复数，“若干”或“许多”， a small/large number of少量；大量  意为 “大量/少量的......”,谓语用复数。 例：A number of students have passed the exam.（许多学生通过了考试。） 【详解】③the rest of... 意为“剩余的......”,其后既可以加可数名词，也可以加不可数名词。当“the rest of +n. ”做主语时，谓语动词单复数由其后的名词决定。 例：The rest of the students are playing basketball on the playground.（剩余的学生正在操场上打篮球。） （主语核心是复数名词students，因此谓语用复数are） The rest of the milk is enough for breakfast.（剩余的牛奶足够当早餐。） （主语核心是不可数名词milk，因此谓语用单数is） 【拓展】rest  n. 休息 Let’s have a rest. 让我们休息一下。  v. 休息 例：We will rest for half an hour. 我们将休息半小时。 【典例】— Would you like ______ a cup of tea with me? — Yes, I’d love to. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 【即练】 ( ) The rest of the bread ______ on the table. Please don’t forget to put it away. A. are B. is C. were D. have 考点4 Wouldn't you like gold or silver instead？你不喜欢金或银吗？（教材P21） 【详解】instead adv. 代替；顶替  adv. 而  例句：She chose to walk to work instead of driving.她选择步行上班，而不是开车。 Instead, we can try a new method to solve the problem.相反，我们可以尝试一种新方法解决这个问题。 【典例】She didn’t go to the party. ______, she stayed at home and read a book. A. Instead B. Instead of C. But D. So 【即练】 ( ) We decided to walk to the park ______ taking the bus because the weather was nice. A. instead B. instead of C. but D. and 考点5 "No, just rice," the old man replied without hesitation. “不，就只要大米。”老人毫不犹豫地回答。（教材P21） 【详解】①reply v. /n. 回答；回复 作不及物动词，单独使用。若加宾语，需要加介词to，即reply to+宾语。 reply to：回应，答复，如“reply to a letter”（回信）、“reply to a comment”（回复评论） 【拓展】辨析：reply 和answer a.“answer”可自由地用作及物或不及物动词；“reply”除后接that从句或引出直接引语时是及物动词外，一般只用作不及物动词，其后若接名词或代词作宾语，应借助介词“to” 。 例如：He replied that he had changed his mind.（他回答说他改变了主意）； He didn’t answer [reply to] my question.（他没有回答我的问题） b.“answer”除表示“回答”外，还可表示接听（电话）或对门铃等声响作出反应等（常与telephone、door、bell、door - bell等连用），“reply”不能这样用。 例如：Who answered the telephone?（谁接的电话？） A little girl answered the door.（一个小女孩应声去开门） C.名词用法：两者都可用作名词，要表示“对……的回答（答复、答案）”等，其后均接介词“to”（不用“of”）。不过，“answer”作名词时有“答案”的意思，“reply”作名词时一般不作“答案”讲。 例如：Have you had an answer to your letter?（你寄出的信有回音没有？） I received no reply to my request.（我的要求没有收到任何答复） The answer is correct.（答案是正确的） ② hesitation n. 犹豫→ hesitate v. 犹豫 常用短语： hesitate to do sth：表示犹豫做某事、不愿做某事。 without hesitation 毫不犹豫 例句：She hesitated to hurt the child's feelings.（她不想伤害孩子的感情） He jumped into the river to save the kid without hesitation. 他毫不犹豫地跳进河里救那个孩子。 【典例】I asked him a question, but he didn’t ______ to me. A. answer B. reply C. reply to D. replied 【即练】 ( ) When the teacher asked who broke the window, Tom stood up and answered ______. A. with hesitation B. without hesitation C. hesitate D. hesitant 考点6 "How many grains of rice will this be?" the king wondered. “这将有多少粒米？”国王想知道。（教材P21） 【详解】wonder v.想知道；琢磨 例句：He wondered to find the right way to apologize.他想知道如何找到合适的道歉方式。 She wondered what had happened to her lost keys.她想知道她丢失的钥匙出了什么事。 I wonder if he will come to the party tonight. 我想知道他今晚是否会来参加聚会。 Tourists all wonder at the ancient building’s delicate carvings.游客们都对这座古建筑的精美雕刻赞叹不已。 It’s no wonder that she passed the exam—she studied day and night.难怪她通过了考试——她日夜苦读。 The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in human history.长城是人类历史上最伟大的奇迹之一。 【典例】I ______ whether you could help me with this problem. A. wonder B. wander C. want D. wish 【即练】 ( ) ______ that you’ve been working so hard, you passed the exam easily. A. No problem B. No wonder C. No way D. No idea 考点7 After thinking about it for a moment, the king agreed.国王想了一会儿，同意了。（教材P21） 【详解】①agree v. 同意 反义词：disagree 不同意 【详解】② for a moment 片刻，一会儿= for a while 【典例】— Do you think we should start now? — I ______ with you. Let’s go. A. agree B. disagree C. realize D. promise 【即练】 ( ) Please wait here ______. The teacher will come soon. A. for a moment B. for a long time C. at the moment D. in a moment 考点8 After a few squares, the king realized the problem... 几个方块之后，国王意识到一个问题...（教材P21） 【详解】realize v. 意识到； 用法如下 （1）realize + n. At last she realized her mistakes. 最后她意识到了她的错误。 （2）realize + that 从句 I realized that is was time to go to school. 我意识到该上学了。 （3）realize + 疑问词+其他 I don’t think you realize how important this is to her. 我认为你没有意识到这对她多重要。 （4） realize还有“实现”的意思。 She finally realized her dream. 她终于实现了自己的梦想。 【典例】He didn’t ______ how serious the problem was until it was too late. A. realize B. agree C. wonder D. reply 【即练】 ( ) After ten years of hard work, she finally ______ her dream of becoming a doctor. A. realized B. realized to C. came D. achieved to 考点9 And then we need to check the train or flight schedule.然后我们需要核对火车或航班时刻表。 【详解】 【典例】The train ______ says the next train to Beijing will arrive at 3:00 p.m. A. schedule B. ticket C. map D. clock 【即练】 ( ) The meeting is ______ for 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. Don’t be late. A. scheduled B. scheduled to C. schedule D. scheduling 考点10 rise（sharply，quickly，slowly），grow，go up 上升（急剧、迅速、缓慢），增长，上升，翻倍 fall（sharply，quickly，slowly）, drop, go down 下降（急剧、迅速、缓慢），掉落，下降(教材P28) 【详解】①sharply adv. 急剧；突然；大幅度地 → sharp adj. 锋利的;敏锐的；急剧的 ②go up/ go down 上升/ 下降 【典例】The temperature has ______ sharply these days. Many people caught a cold. A. risen B. raised C. dropped D. went down 【即练】 ( ) The price of houses in this city has ______ in the past five years. It’s hard for young people to buy one. A. gone down B. dropped C. gone up D. fallen Grammar Cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers 基数词和序数词（教材P25） 知识导图 表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少，序数词表示顺序或等级。数词的功能相当于名词或形容词，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或同位语。 一、基数词的表示法 表示方法 示例 1~12单独记忆 one 1; two 2; three 3; four 4; five 5; six 6; seven 7; eight 8; nine 9; ten 10; eleven 11; twelve 12 13~19的数字以-teen结尾 thirteen 13; fourteen 14; fifteen 15; sixteen 16; seventeen 17; eighteen 18; nineteen 19 20~90等整十基数词以-ty结尾 twenty 20; thirty 30; forty 40; fifty 50; sixty 60; seventy 70; eighty 80; ninety 90 21~99之间非整十基数词是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符 twenty-two 22; thirty-three 33; forty-four 44; fifty-five 55; sixty-six 66; seventy-seven 77; eighty-eight 88; ninety-nine 99 101～999:基数词+hundred+and+整十位数+连字符+个位数 108:one hundred and eight 256:two hundred and fifty-six 908: nine hundred and eight 1,000以上的基数词：英语用千、百万等单位计数，大数字从右向左数，每隔三位加一个逗号。从右开始，第一个逗号处读thousand(千),第二个逗号处读million(百万),第三个逗号处读billion(十亿) 1,001:one thousand and one 1,813:one thousand,eight hundred and thirteen 12,345:twelve thousand,three hundred and forty-five 1,234,567 :one million,two hundred and thirty-four thousand,five hundred and sixty-seven 5,123,456,789:five billion,one hundred and 单位词 hundred百；thousand千；million百万；billion十亿 记忆口诀: 基数词很容易，1~12词各异。 13至19，以-teen结尾不要丢。 20至90，整十后面有-ty。 几十几，也容易，先说几十再说几，中间短杠“-”加上去。 hundred是一百，百内数字记心怀。 几百几，挺容易，先说几百再说几，中间and 加上去。 thousand是一千，千内数字记心间。 易错警示： ①英语中的基数词只有表示“百""千"“百万”“十化”的单位词，没有表示“万”亿”的单位词，故常用 thousand (十)和million(百万)来表达。表示“一万”时要用ten/10 thousand;表示“一亿”时用a hundred million或100 million。②and只用在hundred后面。 二、基数词的位置 用法 例句 基数词放在another、all之后 We'll have to wait another three weeks for the results. 我们还得再等三周才能知道结果。 The boy lost all the five pencils last week. 这个男孩上周把五支铅笔全丢了。 基数词位于such、more之前 I can finish reading two such books in three days. 三天内我能读完两本这样的书。 Please give me one more banana to eat. 请再给我一个香蕉吃。 基数词可置于last、next、other之后 His last two books are written in English. 他的最后两本书是用英语写的。 Mr.Liu will teach you the next four lessons. 下面的四节课将由刘先生教你们。 ★知识点2 序数词 1.序数词的表示法 第 1 ~ 第 1 0 第 1 1 ~ 第 1 9 第 2 0 ~ 第 9 0 ( 整 十 ) first 1st eleventh 11th twentieth 20th second 2nd twelfth 12th twenty-first 21th third 3rd thirteenth 13th thirtieth 30th fourth 4th fourteenth 14th fortieth 40th fifth 5th fifteenth 15th fiftieth 50th sixth 6th sixteenth 16th sixtieth 60th seventh 7th seventeenth 17th seventieth 70th eighth 8th eighteenth 18th eightieth 80th ninth 9th nineteenth 19th ninetieth 90th tenth 10th —— —— ninety-ninth 99th 2.序数词的构成 构成 示例 1～3:形式不同，需要单独记忆 one→first(1st) two→second(2nd) three→third(3rd) 4~19:由相应的基数词变形后加-th构成 four→ fourth(4th) five→fifth(5th) nine→ninth(9th) eight→eighth(8th) twelve→twelfth(12th) sixteen→sixteenth(16th) 20～90中整十的序数词： 由相应的基数词词尾-y变为i,再加-eth twenty→twentieth(20th) thirty→thirtieth(30th) forty→fortieth(40th) fifty→fiftieth(50th) sixty→sixtieth(60th) seventy→seventieth(70th) eighty→eightieth(80th) ninety→ninetieth(90th) 21～99中非整十的序数词：只将个位数变为序数词，十位数不变，中间用连字符连接 twenty-one→twenty-first(21st) thirty-two→thirty-second(32th) fifty-eight→fifty-eighth(58th) fifty-nine→fifty-ninth(59th) eighty-nine→eighty-ninth(89th) ninety-nine→ninety-ninth(99th) 百、千、百万、十亿、万亿：均在其后加-th hundred→hundredth thousand→thousandth million→millionth 记忆口诀： 基变序，很容易， 结尾加上-th。 一二三，特殊记， 结尾各是t,d,d 。 八去t,九去e, ve 要用f 替。 整十变化需注意，去掉y加-ieth。 若想表示第几十几，只变个位就可以。 ★知识点3 数的应用 一、分数、小数、百分数和倍数的表示法 基数词表示数目的多少，大于1的基数词后接可数名词时，可数名词用复数；序数词表示事物的先后顺序时，往往与定冠词the连用，其后接可数名词单数表示分数、百分数、小数、倍数。 类别 表示方法 示例 分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大1时，分母变复数形式；分子与分母之间可以加连字符也可以不加 a third/one third four fifths/four-fifths 带分数用"整数+and+分数"表示 Four and a third 4 five and three fifths 5 百分数 基数词+percent(%) twenty-five percent 25% fifty-two percent 52 小数 基数词+point(.)+基数词 three point six two 3.62 one point five 1.5 倍数 倍数为1,用once;倍数为2,用twice/ double;倍数≥3,用"基数词+times" once 1倍 five times 5倍 three times 3倍 倍数+the size/weight/height/depth width/ length /age of... China is almost five times the size of Mexico in area. 在面积上，中国几乎是墨西哥的五倍大。 倍数+比较级+than.. I am twice older than you. 我的年龄是你的(年龄的)两倍大。 倍数+as...as.. This school is four times as big as that one. 这个学校是那个学校的4倍大。 易错警示： “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面的名词的单复数决定。 As we ll know,71%of the surface of the earth is covered with water. 众所周知，地球表面有71%被水覆盖。 记忆口诀： 分数的表达 分子基数词，分母序数词。 分子大于1, 分母加s。 带分数莫着急，前加整数and连。 分母若是2或4, half,quarter 可代替。 二、表示时刻 类别 表示方法 示例 几点整 小时(基数词)(+o'clock) eight o'clock 8点钟 差几分到几点 分钟数>30时，用“60-分钟”+to+“小时+1” twenty to eight 7点40分 几点过几分 分钟数≤30时，用“分钟+ past+小时” ten past nine9点10分 半小时 half half past six 六点半 一刻钟 (15分钟) quarter ①a quarter to six5点45分 ② a quarter past three3点15分 三、表示年龄 类别 表示方法 示例 表示“具体年龄” 基数词+year(s)+old nine years old 9岁 Fifteen years old 15岁 at the age of+基数词 at the age of four在4岁时 At the age of sixteen 在16岁时 冠词+基数-year-old +可数名词单数 an eight-year- old boy一个8岁的男孩 a nine-year-old girl 一个九岁的女孩 表示“大概年龄” in+one's+整十基数词的复数形式 in his thirties 在他三十多岁时 in her fifties 在她五十多岁时 表示“几岁生日” the/形容词性物主代词+序数词+ birthday her ninth birthday 她的九岁生日 His eighteenth birthday 他的十八岁生日 四、表示年、月、日、世纪、年代 类别 表示方法 示例 年、月、日 “年”用基数词，“日”用序数词 (美：月/日/年; 英：日/月/年) 2024年1月11日： 美：January 11st,2024 英：11st January,2024 世纪 the+序数词+century 20世纪：the twentieth century 年代 the+整十年份+s/'s 20世纪90年代：the 1990s/1990's 五、表示编号 表示方法 示例 可数名词单数(首字母大写)+基数词(英语单词首字母需大写) 第九十页：Page Ninety 408号房间：Room 408 No.+基数词 20路公交车：Bus No.20 基数词 常用电话号码： 110公安报警电话 120急救热线 119 消防报警热线 基数词+专有名词 中山路105号：105 Zhongshan Road 北海路301号：301 Beihai Road the+序数词+可数名词单数/专有名词 第一节课：the first lesson 第二次世界大战：the Second World War 六、表示计量 类别 表示方法 示例 长、宽、 高、面积 基数词+单位词+形容词 (long/ wide/ high等) ①5米长:five meters long =five meters in length ②8米宽：eight meters wide =eight meters in width ③2米高：two meters high=two meters in height 基数词+单位词+in+名词 (length/width/ height/ weight等) 温度 非零下温度：基数词+degree(s) (+单位词) 1℃: one degree(centigrade) 零下温度：①基数词+degree(s) +below zero(+单位词);②minus +基数词+degree(s)(+单位词) ①零下5℃:five degrees below zero (centigrade) =minus five degrees (centigrade) ②零下10℃:minus ten degrees(centigrade) =minus ten degrees (centigrade) ★知识点4 确切数字和概数的表达 hundred、thousand、million等的用法 类别 表示方法 短语和例句 表示确切的数字 表示确切的数字基数词+hundred/ thousand/...+可数名词复数  four hundred cars四百辆汽车 three thousand people三千人 ‌Our school has six hundred students in total. 我们学校总共有六百名学生。 表示概数 hundreds/thousands/...+of+可数名词复数 hundreds of new tall buildings（数以百计的新高楼） thousands of students（数以千计的学生） The company earned millions of dollars in profit last year. 这家公司去年盈利数百万美元。 The universe is estimated to have billions of galaxies. 据估计，宇宙中有数十亿个星系。 【即练】 一、完成下面填表 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 one first thirteen ___1___ thirty ___2___ two ___3___ ___4___ fourteenth forty fortieth ___5___ third fifteen ___6___ fifty ___7___ four ___8___ ___9___ sixteenth ___10___ sixtieth ___11___ fifth seventeen ___12___ seventy ___13___ six ___14___ ___15___ eighteenth ___16___ eightieth ___17___ seventh nineteen ninety ___18___ eight ___19___ nine ___20___ 二、单项选择 21．More than ________ people died in the war between the two countries two years ago. A．two millions B．two million C．million of D．two million of 22．________ Susan Baur, with her team members, often ________ to nearby rivers and lakes to clean up garbage (垃圾) in them. A．65-years-old; goes B．65-year-old; goes C．65-years-old; go D．65-year-old; go 23．The weight of the moon is only about ________ of that of the earth. A．one eighty B．one of eighty C．one the eightieth D．one eightieth 24．December is ________ and last month in a year. A．the twelveth B．twelveth C．the twelfth D．twelfth 25．—Can you read the number 36.36 correctly?   —Yes, I can read it as ________. A．thirty-six point three six B．three six point three six C．thirty-six point thirty-six D．three six point thirty-six 26．I was told they would stay in China for ________. A．one and a half years B．one and a half year C．one and half years D．one half and one year 27．________ of the boys________ playing basketball. A．Two thirds; is B．Two thirds; are C．Second three; is D．Seconds three; are 28．________, Mr. Smith came to China. He was ________ then, I remember. A．In 1990s, in the thirties B．On the 1990s, in the thirty C．In the 1990s, in his thirties D．On 1990s, in his thirties 29．— ________ is it from here?   — It’s about ________ ride away. A．How far; twenty minutes B．How long; twenty minutes’ C．How long; twenty minute’s D．How far; twenty minutes’ 30．About ________ of the teachers in our school ________ born in ________. 三、单词拼写 36．Even a child knows September is the _________ (nine) month of a year. 37．We Chinese celebrated the ________ (ninety) birthday of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) in many ways. 38．The ________ (two) Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. 39．My family live on the ________ (five) floor of the tall building. 40．My uncle lives on the ______ (twelve) floor of the building. 41．I’ve bought a present for my father’s _________ (forty) birthday. 42．Climb up to the ________ (thirty-two) floor, and you can enjoy a better view. 43．I brush my teeth ________ (two) a day. 44．There are fifty students in our class, and two-________ (three) of them are girls. 45．The man died in his ________ (sixty). 一、单词拼写 1．I am _______ (目前) reading an interesting book in my free time. 2．I need to _______ (检查) the train schedule online to plan our trip. 3．We have a strict _______(预算) for our class party, so we need to plan wisely. 4．Guangdong is a southern _______ (省份) in China with many big cities. 5．She turned her head ________ (突然大幅度地) when she heard someone call her name. 6．Can you help me _______ (数数) the number of books on this shelf? 7．Our school uses a new online _______ (系统) for students to check homework. 8．In China, long noodles are a ________ (象征) of long life. 9．The blue lines on the map _______ (代表) rivers and lakes. 10．________ (准确地), my English teacher is an excellent lady. 11．The airport display shows the _______ (航班时刻表) for all arriving planes. 12．I liked the shirt, but the ________ (价格标签) was too high for my budget. 13．She stopped and thought _______ (片刻) before making her decision. 14．The brave firefighter ran into the burning building _______ (没有犹豫). 15．The building has many floors. We can take the lift to _______ (上升) . 16．The sun will ________ (下降) in about an hour, so let’s go home soon. 17．Please _________ (写下) your name and phone number on this piece of paper. 18．Let’s go for a walk in the park _______ (代替) staying at home all day. 二、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。 agree    carry    challenge    explore    four     make    one    reply    win    wonder 1．Life is . You never know what you’re going to face in the next minute. 2．In China, spring is a season to enjoy beautiful flowers. 3．All of us have the same opinion about it. I think we will be in with their decision. 4．I phoned Julia to make a date three times yesterday, but there were no . 5．John worked very hard and first place in the competition. 6．My mother promises a birthday cake for me every year. 7．—It is said that three of my classmates love listening to music in their free time. —It’s a good way to take a break from long time study. 8．There are so many desks and chairs. You should make enough people them out of the room. 9．The emperor ordered Zheng He the lands outside China. 10．The new bookshop is on the floor of the shopping centre. 三、完形填空 Many people are superstitious(迷信的) about numbers. They think that there are lucky numbers and 1 numbers. The number 13 is often considered(被认为) unlucky. In 2 parts of the world, buildings don’t have the 3 floor. People go from the twelfth to the fourteenth 4 . Some door numbers are like that 5 . In Japan, the number 4 is considered unlucky because in Japan the word “four” is pronounced the same as the word “death”. The Japanese 6 give gifts of four knives, four napkins or four of anything. 7 are lucky numbers? 7 is a lucky number in many places, and 8 is considered a lucky number both in Japan and China. In China, businesses often open 8 August 8, and many couples get married at 8: 08 on August 8. Some people 9 lucky numbers very deeply. They would like to get a telephone number with “8” or “6” in it, although it 10 them much more money. They think that the lucky numbers can really bring them good luck, and, at least no evidence(证据) says they can not. 1．A．true B．bad C．wise D．unlucky 2．A．every B．any C．some D．all 3．A．thirteen B．thirteenth C．thirty D．thirtieth 4．A．amount B．number C．room D．floor 5．A．as well B．and so on C．for example D．as though 6．A．usually B．always C．sometimes D．never 7．A．What B．Why C．When D．How many 8．A．in B．with C．at D．on 9．A．realize B．discuss C．believe D．promise 10．A．costs B．spends C．pays D．takes 四、阅读理解 The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the time when the European number system was created. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10. The Mayan system had a base 20. This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes. 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable. Therefore, there were two important numbers in this system. Besides 20, the other important number is 5, which had a connection with the number of fingers and toes on one hand or foot. The Mayan system used two symbols (符号). A dot (.) was used to mean the units (one to four) and a dash (—) meant five. The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of nothing (or zero). The most common symbol was that of a shell () but there were several other symbols (e.g. a head) . It is interesting to learn that with all of the great experts on Maths and scientists in ancient Greece and Rome, it was the Mayan Indians who came up with this symbol zero or nothing. The following picture is a form of different numbers and how they would have been written. From further study, people found that the 360 day calendar (日历) also came from the Mayan. They actually used base 18 when they made the calendar. Each month included 20 days with 18 months in a year. This left five days at the end of the year which was month in itself, full of danger and bad luck. In this way, the Mayans had invented the 365 day calendar. 1．What does the underlined “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The European number system. B．The Mayan number system. C．The Arabic number system. D．The Mayan symbol system. 2．Why could the Mayan system be used at that time? A．People lived in such a warm area that they didn’t need to count numbers. B．People believed that they hardly used their fingers or toes to count numbers. C．People thought the number of fingers and toes was enough to count numbers. D．People found that they could use the days in a year of a calendar to count numbers. 3．Which of the following symbols means sixteen? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we learn from the article? A．The Mayan number system had a base 10. B．All number systems had the same symbols. C．There were only 360 days in the Mayan calendar. D．The symbol of zero first appeared in the Mayan number system. 5．Where can you probably find the article? A．A diary. B．An encyclopedia. C．A travel guide. D．A geography magazine. 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或使用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。 There was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer, and mechanic called Zu Chongzhi. Now, he is mainly famous as the 31 (one) person to find out that pi (π) falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. And his result remained the most accurate and 32 (early) value in the world for more than 900 years. He also worked out the close value of pi to be 355/113, which he called “the close ratio (比率)”. This ratio was so hard to get 33 a Japanese mathematician named it “Zu’s ratio”. He was born into a well-educated family. As 34 excellent engineer, his grandfather taught him science. From an early age, he showed great 35 (intelligent) and curiosity. Zu also showed special interests 36 mathematics and astronomy. It is not clear how Zu Chongzhi became interested in 37 (find) the value of pi, yet people have told stories about him. For a long time in the past, people 38 (believe) that the circumference (周长) of a circle was three times its diameter. Zu Chongzhi was not sure about this result and he wanted to prove it by 39 (he). After years of hard work, he 40 (final) worked out the value of pi. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $