第01讲 Unit 1 Look it up!（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材沪教版上册

第01讲 Unit1 Look it up! （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 能正确理解并运用“动词+副词”短语（如look up）的代词宾语位置规则。 2. 掌握描述人物天赋、出生、才能的核心词汇（intelligent, talented, be born, include等）。 3. 能运用as...as结构进行同级比较，并能区分some...others与the others等不定代词的用法。 4. 掌握die out, be related to, be similar to, play a role in等重要短语的含义及用法。 5. 能正确区分并运用spend, cost, pay, take表示“花费”的句型，掌握all与whole的区别。 6. 掌握some/any及复合不定代词（something, anything, nothing等）的用法，并在语境中正确使用“不定代词+形容词”结构。 学习重点 1. look up等“动词+副词”短语中代词作宾语的位置。 2. be born, be talented in, be related to, be similar to等短语的搭配及用法。 3. either...or连接主语时的“就近原则”。 4. as...as同级比较及some...others与the others的辨析。 5. die out, die down等动词短语的区别。 6. 复合不定代词在肯定句、否定句、疑问句中的选用及形容词后置 学习难点 1.all与whole修饰名词的语序差异：修饰单数名词时，all+限定词+名词（all the day）与限定词+whole+名词（the whole day）语序不同；修饰复数名词时含义不同（all students所有学生 vs. two whole days整整两天）。 2.复合不定代词的三个易错点： 表示建议/请求的疑问句中用something而不用anything； 形容词修饰不定代词必须后置（something special不能说special something）； 复合不定代词作主语时谓语用单数。 知识导图记忆 考点1 Look it up！查阅它！（教材P2） 【详解】look up 主要有以下两种含义。 例句：I am using the dictionary to look up a new word. 我正在用字典查一个新单词。 I looked up and saw beautiful clouds in the sky. 我抬头看见天空中有美丽的云。 注意：在look up(动词+副词)的结构中，如果宾语是名词，名词可以位于look up 之后， 也可以位于look 和up 之间。如 look up a new word/ look a new word up。 若宾语是代词，则代词必须位于look和up之间。如 look it/ them up。 【拓展】look的相关短语 • look around 环顾 • look after 照顾 • look at 看 • look for 寻找 • look up 向上看；查阅 • look down on 瞧不起 •look up to 尊敬；钦佩 • look through 浏览 • look over 检查 • look out 小心 • look forward to 期待 【典例】— What does “researcher” mean? I don’t know. — Don’t worry. You can ______ in the dictionary. A. look it up B. look up it C. look them up D. look up them 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——“researcher”是什么意思？我不知道。——别担心。你可以在字典里查一下。考查代词辨析及“动词+副词”短语的用法。“researcher”是单数名词，应用代词it指代，排除C、D。look up是“动词+副词”结构，代词作宾语时必须放在动词和副词之间，即look it up，而不能说look up it。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) I can’t find my pen. Please help me ______. A. look it up B. look up it C. look for it D. look it for 【答案】C 【简析】句意“找不到钢笔，请帮我找找”，表示“寻找”应用look for，且代词it放中间。look up意为“查阅”，不符合句意。 考点2 Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 达芬奇非常聪明，他在很多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。（教材P5） 【详解】①．intelligent adj. adj. 有才智的；聪明的 → intelligence n. 聪明；才智 ②．talented adj. 有才能的；天才的 → talent n. 才能，天赋 短语运用： be talented in... 在某方面有才能/ 天赋 = be gifted in 例句：From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. （教材原句P5） 他从小就表现出极大的智慧和艺术天赋。 【典例】— Mo Yan is a very ______ writer. He has a great ______ for storytelling. — Yes, I agree. A. talented; talent B. talent; talented C. intelligent; intelligence D. intelligence; intelligent 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——莫言是一位非常有才华的作家。他有很强的讲故事的天赋。——是的，我同意。考查形容词和名词辨析。第一空修饰名词writer，需用形容词，排除B、D；第二空在“has a great...”结构中，需用名词作宾语，“have a great talent for...”意为“在……方面有巨大天赋”，talent为名词。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) From an early age, the girl showed great ______ and musical ______. A. intelligent; talent B. intelligence; talent C. intelligent; talented D. intelligence; talented 【答案】B 【简析】show后需要宾语，用名词。great intelligence“高智商”和musical talent“音乐天赋”均为名词短语，作showed的宾语。 考点3 Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. 列奥纳多·达·芬奇出生在意大利的乡村。（教材P5） 【详解】be born 意为“出生”, 其后可接地点状语或时间状语，用于一般过去时，即was/ were born。 birth 名词，意为“出生”。 Year of birth 出生年份 （教材P8） at birth 出生时 【短语拓展】 be born in+ 地点 出生在某地 Be born in/ on +时间 出生于... （某年某月用in， 某一天用on） be born with 与生俱来；天生具有 be born as 天生就是 【典例】— When and where ______ the famous scientist ______ ? — He was born in Shanghai in 1921. A. did; bear B. was; born C. is; born D. were; born 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这位著名的科学家何时何地出生？——他1921年出生于上海。考查be born的用法。表示“出生”用固定短语be born，且一般用于一般过去时。主语“the famous scientist”为单数，be动词用was。故选B。 【即练】 ( ) He ______ a weak heart, but he never gives up. A. was born in B. was born with C. was born on D. was born as 【答案】B 【简析】be born with意为“与生俱有”，后常接某种特征或疾病，符合句意“他天生心脏不好”。 考点4 For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.例如，他的笔记本中有一些有趣的飞行器和其他交通工具的图画。（教材P5） 【详解】include ：动词，意为“包含；包括”，作谓语。 vehicles： 名词，意为“交通工具；车辆” 【用法辨析】include，including和included ①include（动词，意为“包括；包含” ，作谓语 ） 1. The price of the tour includes accommodation and meals.这次旅行的费用包括住宿和餐饮 。 2. Her duties include answering the phone and greeting visitors.她的职责包括接听电话和迎接访客 。 ②including（介词，意为“包括……在内” ，用于列举事物 ） 1. Many students, including Tom, are interested in this project.很多学生，包括汤姆在内，对这个项目感兴趣 。 2. There are various fruits in the basket, including apples, bananas and oranges.篮子里有各种各样的水果，包括苹果、香蕉和橙子 。 ③included（形容词，意为“包括在内的” ，常置于名词或代词后 ） 1. Everyone should pay 100 yuan, postage included.每个人要付100元，邮费包括在内 。 2. All the necessary materials, a map included, are provided for the trip.这次旅行所需的所有材料，包括一张地图，都已备好 。 【典例】The price of the trip ______ meals and hotel, a guide ______ . A. includes; included B. includes; including C. including; includes D. included; includes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这次旅行的费用包括餐费和住宿，还包括一名导游。考查include及其派生词。第一空，句子缺谓语，主语price为单数，故用includes；第二空，“a guide included”是独立主格结构，意为“包括一名导游在内”，included常放在名词后。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) Many students took part in the English competition, ______ Li Ming. And all prizes, a bike ______, were given out. A. included; including B. including; included C. include; including D. including; include 【答案】B 【简析】第一空用介词including表示“包括李明在内”；第二空用included放在名词a bike后，表示“包括一辆自行车”。 考点5 Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. 恐龙是一种史前动物。（教材P5） 【详解】 a type of： 一种。 此句中type 是名词，意为“种类，一类”。 type 还可以作动词，意为“打字。” prehistoric：adj. 意为“史前的”。 prehistoric=pre（（在……之前））+ historic（ 历史（性）的） 【典例】This is ______ new machine. It works very fast. A. a type B. type of C. a type of D. type 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是一种新机器。它运转得很快。考查“a type of”的用法。“a type of”意为“一种”，后跟名词，表示类别。故选C。 【即练】 ( ) What ______ animal is the panda? Is it a bear? A. a type of B. type of C. the type of D. types of 【答案】B 【简析】句意为“熊猫是哪一种动物？”What type of ...? 是固定句式，type前不需要冠词。 考点6 They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards.它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。（教材P5） 【详解】 be related to... 意为“与……属于同一种类 ”，还有“与...有关”的意思。 例句：The story we read in class is related to the history of our country. 我们在课堂上读的故事与我们国家的历史有关。 【典例】— Do you know that dogs are ______ wolves? — Yes, they share a common ancestor. A. relate to B. related to C. similar to D. same as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道狗和狼有亲缘关系吗？——知道，它们有共同的祖先。考查短语辨析。be related to意为“与……有亲缘关系/有关联”，符合句中“共同祖先”的语境。similar to意为“相似”，但没有生物学上的亲属关系强。故选B。 【即练】 ( ) The police are checking all the evidence that might be ______ this case. A. relate to B. related to C. similar to D. different from 【答案】B 【简析】句意为“与这个案件有关联的证据”，be related to意为“与……有关”。 考点7 Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. 恐龙生活在陆地上，用两条或四条腿行走。（教材P5） 【详解】"either...or" 意为“或者...或者...”,必须连接语法结构相同的成分（即并列的单词、短语或从句）。 ✅ 连接名词： You can choose either tea or coffee.（茶或咖啡选其一） ✅ 连接动词： She will either call or text you.（打电话或发短信） ✅ 连接介词短语： We can meet either in the library or at the cafe. 主谓一致原则 当用于连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数由最靠近的主语 决定（就近原则）： Either the teacher or the students are responsible.（students 为复数 → 用 are） Either the students or the teacher is responsible.（teacher 为单数 → 用 is） 【典例】Either you or he ______ going to clean the classroom. It’s your turn this time. A. are B. is C. am D. be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：要么你要么他将要去打扫教室。这次轮到你了。考查主谓一致。either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，由离它最近的主语决定。or后面的主语是he，为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选B。 【即练】 ( ) Either the students or the teacher ______ going to give a speech tomorrow. A. is B. are C. am D. be 【答案】A 【简析】就近原则，离谓语最近的主语是the teacher（单数），故用is。 考点8 Some were as small as chickens，and others were as big as ten elephants.有些像鸡一样小，有些像十头大象一样大。(教材P5) 【详解1】as.....as  与.....一样...... 1) 当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as + 形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“（A和B）一样”......             This tree is as tall as that one. 2) 比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“A不如B....”    Our school is not as big as yours. 【详解2】some ...others...      一些......另一些...... others = other+名词复数。指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。 E. g.: There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill. 【拓展】辨析other，the other，others，another， the others的用法 不定代词 意义 用法 other 另外的人（或物） 常作定语，与可数名词复数连用；其前有the、some等时，也可与单数名词连用。 the other 特指两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”。 others 泛指其他的人或事（物） 泛指别的人或物，相当于“other +可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成“some... others...”。 the others 特指其余所有的所有人或物 特指其余所有的人或物，相当于“the other +可数名词复数”。 another 另外一个 表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”，一般修饰或代替可数名词单数。 例句： Tom always helps other people. 汤姆总是帮助别人。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。 Some students are playing basketball, and others are playing football.一些学生在打篮球，其他的学生在踢足球。 There are 50 students in our class. 20 of them are boys, the others are girls.我们班有50个学生。其中20个是男生，其余的是女生 This cake is delicious. I would like another one.这个蛋糕很好吃。我想再要一个。 【典例】The apples on this tree are not so big as ______ on that tree. ______ are red, and ______ are green. A. that; Some; others B. those; Some; others C. that; Some; the others D. those; Some; the others 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这棵树上的苹果不如那棵树上的大。一些是红色的，另一些是绿色的。考查比较级中的替代词及不定代词。第一空，用those替代前面提到的复数名词apples；第二、三空，表示“一些……另一些……”为泛指，用“some...others...”。故选B。 【即练】 ( ) There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are boys, and ______ are girls. A. others B. the others C. another D. other 【答案】B 【简析】全班50人，20个是男生，剩下的30个（全部）是女生，特指“其余所有的人”，用the others。 考点9 About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. 大约6600万年前，恐龙突然灭绝了。(教材P5) 【详解】die out 意为“灭绝；灭亡”， 是固定短语。 【拓展1】短语辨析 die from （因受伤、事故、严寒等身体外部原因）而死亡 die of （因情感、饥寒、生病、年老等内部原因）而死亡 die off 相继死去 die away 声音变弱,渐渐模糊,逐渐消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火)，逐渐暗淡 die out 熄灭,变弱,消失, (动物) 灭绝 【拓展2】词语辨析die，dead, death 辨析 词性和词义 例句 die 动词; 死亡 The dog died last year. dead 形容词； 死亡的 The dog was dead because of the car accident. death 名词；死亡 People felt sorry for its death. 【典例】Many traditional crafts are ______ because few young people want to learn them. A. dying out B. dying off C. dying down D. dying away 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多传统手工艺正在消亡，因为很少有年轻人愿意学习它们。考查动词短语辨析。die out指物种、习俗、观念的“灭绝、绝迹”；die off指“相继死去”；die down指“（火、兴奋感）减弱”；die away指“（声音）渐弱”。此处指手工艺消失，故选A。 【即练】 ( ) The strong wind finally ______ at midnight, and we felt much safer. A. died out B. died off C. died down D. died away 【答案】C 【简析】句意“风最终减弱了”，指风势减弱，用die down。 考点10 Scientists are not completely sure why. 科学家们并不完全确定原因。（教材P5） 【详解】completely adv. 意为“彻底地；完整地”。作程度副词，修饰sure。 【拓展】complete 既可以作形容词，还可以作动词。 ①．作形容词：表示 “完整的；彻底的” This is a complete list of all participants.（这是所有参与者的完整名单。） The movie was a complete disaster.（这部电影彻底失败。） ②作动词：表示“完成；完善”。同义词：finish。 Please complete the form by Friday.（请在周五前填完表格。） The new bridge will complete the highway system.（新桥将使公路系统完善。） The Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408 and had over 11000 volumes.永乐大典于1408年完成，藏书超过11000册。(教材P14) 【典例】I ______ agree with you. Your plan sounds perfect to me. A. complete B. completely C. completed D. completion 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我完全同意你的看法。你的计划对我来说听起来很完美。考查副词用法。空后是动词agree，需要用副词修饰。completely意为“完全地”，符合语境。complete为形容词或动词，completed为过去式或形容词，completion为名词。故选B。 【即练】 ( ) The project was a ______ success. Everyone was happy with the result. A. completely B. completing C. complete D. completed 【答案】C 【简析】空后success是名词，需要用形容词complete修饰，a complete success意为“一个完全的成功/巨大的成功”。 考点11 They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. 它们与早期的中国百科全书相似，因为它们包含了不同学者的作品。(教材P14) 【详解】be similar to意为“与...相似”，similar是形容词，意为“类似的；相似的”，其中to是介词。 用于比较两个事物（A 和 B）在性质、外观或特征上的相似性，但不完全相同。 【拓展】用于比较的结构 ✅ be the same as 和......一样 My answer is the same as yours. 我的答案和你的是一样的。强调“完全相同”（= 100%相似） ✅ be different from 和.....不同 Chinese food is very different from British food. 中国食物和英国食物很不一样。 【典例】My teaching style is ______ that of most other teachers. We all focus on students. A. similar to B. same as C. different from D. similar with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的教学风格和大多数其他老师相似。我们都关注学生。考查固定搭配。be similar to意为“与……相似”，为正确搭配。same as前通常加the；different from意为“与……不同”；similar with为错误搭配。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) Your opinion is ______ his, but not exactly the same. A. same as B. similar to C. different from D. similar as 【答案】B 【简析】后半句“但不完全相同”，说明是“相似”，用be similar to。 考点12 Yuan spent his whole life developing different kinds of hybrid rice.(教材P15) 【详解】spend，cost，pay，take的用法 【详解】whole与all 用法辨析 all与whole的用法 两者都可以翻译成“整个的”、“全部的”，其区别： 1） 修饰单数可数名词或者抽象名词时，它们可以互换，但是词的顺序不一样： all+限定词（the, this, that, my, your）+名词 限定词（the, this, that, my, your）+whole+名词 比如： She has worked all the afternoon. =She has worked the whole afternoon. 她工作了整个下午。 2）修饰复数可数名词时，all的意义是“所有的”，whole的意义是“整整的”，不可以互换。比如： 比如：All students will go there for a meeting.所有的学生都将去那儿开会。 It rained for two whole days. 雨下了两天整。 【典例】He ______ the whole morning ______ the piano. A. spent; practicing B. cost; to practice C. took; to practice D. paid; practicing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他花了整个上午练习钢琴。考查“花费”的用法。主语He为人，表示“某人花时间做某事”的句型是“sb. spends time (in) doing sth.”。cost主语为物；take常用It takes sb. time to do sth.结构；pay多用于付款。故选A。 【即练】 ( ) ______ the students in our grade are going to the museum. A. Whole B. The whole C. All D. Whole of 【答案】C 【简析】修饰复数名词students，用all，结构为“all + 限定词 + 复数名词”。whole修饰复数名词时表示“整整的”，如three whole days。此处表示“所有学生”，用all。 考点13 Encyclopaedias have played an important role through history in recording and providing information. 百科全书在历史中扮演了记录和提供信息的重要角色。(教材P14 ) 【详解】play an important role in (doing) sth. 在....起重要作用 同义表达：play an important part in (doing) sth. 在....起重要作用 【典例】Computers ______ an important role in modern education. A. take B. make C. play D. have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：计算机在现代教育中起着重要作用。考查固定搭配。“play a role/part in”意为“在……中起作用/扮演角色”，为固定搭配。take/make/have均不能与role构成此意。故选C。 【即练】 ( ) The discovery of DNA has ______ a significant part in the development of biology. A. played B. taken C. made D. done 【答案】A 【简析】play a part in是固定搭配，意为“在……中起作用”。 Grammar单元语法：some和any; 复合不定代词 一、some 和any的用法 1） some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 2） some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money? 3）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.   我在某杂志上读到这篇文章。 Any student in this school should follow the rules. 这所学校的任何一个学生都应该遵守规则。    二、复合不定代词 复合不定代词是指由some，any，no，every分别与one，thing，body等组合而成，具体形式如下∶ -one -thing -body some someone something somebody any anyone anything anybody every everyone everything everybody no no one nothing nobody 含有-one和-body的不定代词功能和意义基本相同，含有-one的不定代词比含有-body的不定代词正式。 (1) 带有some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，带有any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 (2) 当表示请求、建议且希望得到对方肯定回答时，some及some构成的不定代词也可以用在一般疑问句中； (3) 含有any的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事”。 (4) 以上复合不定代词都表示单数的概念，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (5) else和形容词作复合不定代词的定语时都要后置，即：不定代词+形容词/else。 【即练】 一、选词填空 选词填空 somebody, anybody, nobody, anything, nothing, something 1．Is there interesting in today’s newspaper? 2．Why don’t you ask to help you? 3． taught me English, and I learned it all by myself. 4．—I heard you lost your bag yesterday. —Yes. Luckily, I got it back later. And was lost in it. 5．Look! There is on the table! Let’s go and have a look. 6．Did go to play basketball with you? 解析：1．anything 2．somebody 3．Nobody 4．nothing 5．something 6．anybody 【解析】1．句意：今天的报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？“anything”常用于疑问句或否定句中，意为“任何事物；任何东西”，此处为一般疑问句，询问报纸里是否存在有趣内容，故填anything。 2．句意：你为什么不找个人帮你呢？“somebody”意为“某人；有人”，常用于肯定句或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，此处是建议找“某个人”提供帮助，故填somebody。 3．句意：没人教我英语，我全是自学的。“Nobody”意为“没有人”，由“learned it all by myself”（全靠自学）可知，是“没有人”教自己英语，故填Nobody。 4．句意：——我听说你昨天丢了包。——是的。幸运的是，我后来把它找回来了。而且里面没丢什么东西。“nothing”意为“没有什么；没有东西”，结合“got it back later”（后来找回包），说明包里“没丢失什么”，故填nothing。 5．句意：看！桌子上有东西！我们去看看吧。“something”意为“某事；某物”，常用于肯定句中，此处为肯定句，指桌子上存在“某物”，故填something。 6．句意：有人和你一起去打篮球了吗？“anybody”常用于疑问句或否定句中，意为“任何人”，此处是一般疑问句，询问是否有“任何人”和对方一起打篮球，故填anybody。 二、单项选择 7．Could you please take ________ of these ________? They are very beautiful. A．any photos; potatoes B．some photos; potatoes C．some photos; potatos D．any photos; potatos 8．—When shall we meet again? —Make it ________ day you like, and it’s all the same to me. A．one B．any C．another D．some 9．There ________ porridge in the pot. Would you like ________? A．are much; any B．are many; any C．is much; some D．is many; some 10．—Would you like ________ to eat? —Yes, some bread, please. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 11．—Did you do ________ on Mother’s Day? —Yes, I drew a picture for my mom. A．special anything B．special something C．anything special D．special some 12．I can’t help you now. Ask ________ to help you. A．somebody other B．else somebody C．somebody else D．anybody other 解析：7．B 【详解】句意：你能为这些土豆拍些照片吗？它们非常漂亮。 考查不定代词和名词的复数形式。在表示请求或建议的疑问句中，通常用some表示希望得到肯定回答；potato“土豆”，变复数时加-es。故选B。 8．B 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候再见？——你选任何一天都行，对我来说都一样。 考查不定代词辨析。one一个；any任何；another另一个；some一些。根据“it’s all the same to me”可知，表示“哪一天都行”，应选any。故选B。 9．C 【详解】句意：锅里有很多粥。你想来点吗？ 考查主谓一致和不定代词用法。根据“There...porridge”可知，此处为There be句型，句子遵循“就近原则”，由于porridge“粥”为不可数名词，故第一空应用is much；根据“Would you like”可知，疑问句中some可用于表示邀请或建议，故此处不用any，而应用some。故选C。 10．A 【详解】句意：——你想要吃点什么吗？——好的，来一些面包吧。 考查代词辨析。something某物；anything任何事物；nothing无物；everything一切。根据“Would you like ... to eat?”可知，在一般疑问句中，若表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答用something。故选A。 11．C 【详解】句意：——你在母亲节做了什么特别的事吗？——是的，我给我妈妈画了一幅画。 考查不定代词以及定语后置。anything什么事情，常用在疑问句和否定句中；something某事，常用在肯定句中。此句为疑问句，anything符合，形容词对其修饰时，应后置。故选C。 12．C 【详解】句意：我现在帮不了你。问问其他人来帮你吧。 考查不定代词的用法。somebody某人，常用于肯定句；anybody任何人，常用于否定句或疑问句；other其他的，常放在名词前；else其他的，常后置修饰不定代词或疑问代词。根据“Ask ... to help you.”可知，该句为肯定句，用不定代词somebody，else修饰不定代词要后置。故选C。 三、完成句子 13．我弟弟生病了，不想吃任何东西。 My brother is ill and he doesn’t ________ ________ eating ________. 14．我好奇你是否了解一些关于恐龙的有趣的事情。 I wonder if you know ________ ________ about dinosaurs. 15．没有人知道恐龙为什么消失。 ________ ________ why all the dinosaurs suddenly disappeared. 16．你的手机没问题。 There is ________ ________ with your cellphone. 17．在我们街区，如果任何人有任何麻烦，邻居们都会来帮忙。 In our neighbourhood, if ________ ________ ________ ________, the neighbours will come to help. 解析：13． feel like anything 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“想”和“任何东西”，结合空格后“eating”可知，此处考查：feel like doing sth“想要做某事”，固定搭配，且空格前“doesn’t”是助动词，后跟动词原形，所以此处动词feel保持原形即可；“任何东西”的英文表达为anything，常用于否定句或疑问句中。故填feel；like；anything。 14． something interesting 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“一些有趣的事情”，“一些事情”用不定代词“something”，“有趣的”用形容词“interesting”来修饰不定代词，要放在不定代词之后。故填something；interesting。 15． Nobody knows 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空格处应填入意为“没人知道”的主句主语和谓语。nobody作不定代词，意为“没有人”，know作动词，意为“知道”，nobody作主语时视为单数，故动词know应用动词第三人称单数形式。故填Nobody；knows。 16． nothing wrong 【详解】nothing“没有什么”，不定代词，形容词wrong“错误的；有毛病的”放在其后面作后置定语。nothing wrong“没有问题”。故填nothing；wrong。 17． anyone has any trouble 【详解】anyone“任何人”；have“有”，此句为if引导的条件状语从句，应遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，从句主语anyone为不定代词，因此动词应用三单形式has；any trouble“任何麻烦”。故填anyone；has；any；trouble。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、单词拼写 1．I’m sorry. I (complete) forgot that it was your birthday yesterday. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：很抱歉。我完全忘记了昨天是你的生日。“forgot”是动词，需要用副词来修饰，“complete”是形容词，其副词形式是“completely”，在句中作状语，修饰动词“forgot”，表示“完全地忘记”。故填completely。 2．If enough of you are interested, we’ll o (组织) a trip to Wuhu Museum. 【答案】(o)rganise/(o)rganise 【详解】句意：如果有足够多的人感兴趣，我们将组织一次去芜湖博物馆的旅行。organize/organise“组织”，will后接动词的原形。故填(o)rganise/(o)rganise。 3．People were shocked (震惊) and heartbroken after hearing about Bryant’s sudden (/deθ/) 【答案】death 【详解】句意：听到科比突然去世的消息，人们都感到震惊和心碎。根据提示音标可知，其英文表达为death，名词。故填death。 4．I knocked on the door but (没有人) answered. 【答案】nobody 【详解】句意：我敲了门，但是没有人应答。根据汉语提示可知此处应填nobody“没有人”。故填nobody。 5．—Where is Tony? —I’m not sure. P he is in our school library. 【答案】(P)erhaps 【详解】句意：——托尼在哪里？——我不确定。也许他在我们学校图书馆。根据“I’m not sure.”以及句子结构可知，此处应填一个副词表示不确定的推测，结合首字母提示，perhaps“也许；大概”，符合语境，句首单词首字母需大写。故填(P)erhaps。 6．The w world is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer. 【答案】(w)hole 【详解】句意：整个世界缺水。我们不应该再浪费它了。根据“is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer”和首字母可推断是整个世界都缺水。whole“整个的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词world。故填(w)hole。 7．Tom and Lingling can draw well and they want to be [ˈɑːtɪsts] in the future. 【答案】artists 【详解】句意：汤姆和玲玲画得很好，他们将来想成为画家。根据音标可知，此处为名词复数artists“画家”。故填artists。 8．The little girl is very t and she can play the piano very well. (有天赋的) 【答案】(t)alented 【详解】句意：这个小女孩很有天赋，她钢琴弹得很好。talented“有天赋的”，此处是形容词作表语，故填(t)alented。 9．I have two (piece) of paper. 【答案】pieces 【详解】句意：我有两张纸。two后接piece的复数形式pieces，two pieces of paper“两张纸”。故填pieces。 10．Dolphins are very i (聪明的). They can learn quickly. 【答案】(i)ntelligent 【详解】句意：海豚非常聪明。它们学得很快。intelligent“聪明的”，形容词作表语，故填(i)ntelligent。 二、单项选择 1.My mum wants to buy ________ rice because there isn’t ________ in the kitchen. A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈想买一些米，因为厨房里没有了。 考查some和any的用法。some一些，常放肯定句中；any一些，常放疑问句和否定句中。第一个句子是肯定句，用some，第二个句子是否定句，用any。故选A。 2.Sorry I’m late. I was talking with a friend and I ________ forgot the time. A．completely B．suddenly C．successfully D．strongly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对不起，我迟到了。我在和一个朋友聊天，完全忘记了时间。 考查副词词义辨析。completely完全地；suddenly突然地；successfully成功地；strongly强烈地。根据“Sorry I’m late”可知，此处是说完全忘记了时间，故选A。 3.Aunt Kate opened the door, but there was ______ inside, just an empty room. A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：凯特阿姨打开了门，但里面什么都没有，只有一个空房间。 考查代词辨析。everything一切；something某事；anything任何事；nothing没有什么。根据“just an empty room.”可知，应说里面什么都没有，nothing符合语境。故选D。 4.You’d better not read today’s newspaper, because there is ________ in it. A．something interesting B．nothing interesting C．anything interesting D．interesting anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你最好不要读今天的报纸，因为里面没有什么有趣的事。 考查形容词位置和不定代词。something interesting有趣的事（常用于肯定句）；nothing interesting没有什么有趣的；anything interesting有趣的事（常用于否定句和疑问句）；interesting anything错误表达。根据“You’d better not read today’s newspaper ...”可知，建议对方不要读今天的报纸，说明报纸上没有什么有趣的事，表示否定用nothing，形容词修饰不定代词后置。故选B。 5.Boys, Did you do ________ on Labor Day? A．anything special B．special anything C．something special D．special something 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孩子们，你们在劳动节做了什么特殊的事情吗？ 考查复合不定代词的用法。anything special什么特殊的事情，用于疑问句或否定句；special anything错误表达；something special一些特别的事情；special something错误表达。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，需要放在其后，所以排除选项B和D；本句是一般疑问句，应该使用anything。故选A。 6.—Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play football? —________. I learned by ________. A．Somebody; me B．Nobody; myself C．Nobody; me D．Somebody; myself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——哇，太酷了！谁教你踢足球的？——没人教我。我是自学的。 考查不定代词和反身代词。Somebody某人，有人；Nobody没有人；me我；myself我自己。根据“...I learned by...”和选项可知，此处应是指没有人教“我”踢足球，“我”是自学的，by myself“我自己”。故选B。 7.For students, spending a lot of time ________ web pages on the computer is not beneficial for themselves. A．looking after B．looking through C．looking for D．looking like 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对学生来说，花很多时间在电脑上浏览网页对他们自己没有好处。 考查动词短语。looking after照顾；looking through浏览、翻阅；looking for寻找；looking like看起来像。根据“ web pages...is not beneficial for themselves”可知此处指在电脑上浏览网页。故选B。 8.I don’t like the colour of the coat. Can you show me ________ one? A．other B．others C．another D．the other 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不喜欢这件外套的颜色。你能给我看另外一件吗？ 考查不定代词。other 其他的（后接复数名词）；others 其他的人或物（单独使用）；another 另一个（泛指三者或以上）；the other 特指两者中的另一个。根据“I don’t like the colour of the coat. Can you show me”可知此处需要表示“再一件/另一件”（泛指），且空格后是单数名词“one”，故选C。 9.Some people choose to live in cities, ________ enjoy a peaceful life in suburbs. A．the other B．the others C．another D．others 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一些人选择住在城市，另一些人喜欢郊区的平静的生活。 考查代词。the other另一个，经常和one连用，表示“一个，另一个”；the others剩余的人；another又，再，后面接可数名词单数；others其他人，可以单独使用。前面的“Some people”和后面的“others”对应，构成some...others...结构。故选D。 10.—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得英语怎么样？——我认为英语和汉语一样有用。 考查同级比较。useful有用的，原级；more useful比较级；most useful最高级；the most useful定冠词the+最高级。as...as...表示“像……一样……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。 11．— Hi, Helen. When were you born? — I was born ________ February, 2005. My animal sign is the Rooster. A．on B．in C．at D．by 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你好，Helen。你什么时候出生的？——我在2005年2月份出生的。我属鸡。 考查时间介词辨析。on后接具体一天；in后接某年某月某季节；at后接具体时刻；by到……为止。“February”是月份，故选B。 12.—I want to write an essay. Can you suggest some AI apps for it? —Em..., deepseek, doubao, kimi, Qwen, etc. You can choose ________ of them. A．either B．any C．every D．both 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想写一篇论文。你能推荐一些AI应用吗？——嗯……DeepSeek、豆包、Kimi、通义千问等等。你可以选择它们中的任何一个。 考查代词辨析。either两者中任意一个；any三者及以上中任意一个；every每一个；both两者都。根据“deepseek, doubao, kimi, Qwen, etc.”可知，此处需用any表示“三者及以上中任意一个”，any of them“它们中的任意一个”。故选B。 13．—Would you like to tell me ________ important news? —Sorry, I don’t want to tell you ________ news today. A．some; some B．some; any C．any; any D．any; some 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我一些重要消息吗？——对不起，今天我不想告诉你任何消息。 考查some和any的用法。第一个句子是一般疑问句，希望得到肯定回答，用some；第二个句子是否定句，用any。故选B。 14．Jane ________ the book and she knew the ________ event. A．completed; complete B．complete; complete C．finishes; complete D．finished; completed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：简读完了这本书，她知道整个事件。 考查动词时态和形容词作定语。completed完成，动词过去式；complete全部的，完整的；finishes完成，动词三单；finished完成，动词过去式。根据“Jane...the book and she knew the...event.”可知，她看完了书，了解了整个事件，第一空用动词过去式，第二空用形容词作定语，故选A。 15. Volunteers ______ an important role ______ helping those in need. A. play; on B. make; in C. play; in D. take; on 【答案】C 【详解】“play an important role in”是固定搭配，意为“在……中起重要作用”，这里表示志愿者在帮助有需要的人方面起重要作用，C选项正确。 三、完形填空 While bad things are going on in the world every day, it is important to remember helping others can make the world better. And whenever you are 1 , try to pay it forward. The following is a story of mine. In 1999, I was on my first 2 to Europe alone on a bus tour through Munich when I became very ill and had to be taken to a hospital. While I was sitting in the waiting room, feeling 3 and painful, a male nurse walked up to me. He 4 himself as Detmar, knowing I was a foreigner and an Australian, he asked if there was anything he could do for me. It turns out Detmar was looking to pay a favor(善行) back to a(n) 5 . Detmar was in Australia two years earlier with his wife and she got ill one night. After 6 looking for a hospital, a 7 man closed his pizza shop and helped to take Detmar’s wife to the emergency room, which was 45 minutes away. I ended up being in the hospital for 10 days in Munich. During that time, Detmar visited me every day 8 me, and his wife bought me books to read. When I was well again, Detmar drove me to the 9 to catch my plane. Since then, I have returned to Munich three times and stayed with Detmar every year. Actually, his act of kindness has won me a lifelong 10 . 1．A．troubled B．helped C．heard D．ordered 2．A．trip B．flight C．business D．experience 3．A．angry B．surprised C．helpless D．excited 4．A．advised B．introduced C．called D．performed 5．A．German B．Australian C．European D．foreigner 6．A．generally B．suddenly C．immediately D．unsuccessfully 7．A．modern B．funny C．lazy D．local 8．A．looking up B．looking after C．looking out D．looking for 9．A．airport B．hospital C．flat D．party 10．A．memory B．luck C．friendship D．pleasure 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文作者通过自己和Detmar的故事，告诉我们，要多帮助别人，并把这种善行传递。 【详解】1．句意：不论何时你被帮助了，试着将它传递下去。 troubled苦恼；helped帮助；heard听说；ordered命令。根据“...it is important to remember helping others can make the world better.”可知帮助别人会让世界变好，如果你被帮助了，记得传递下去。故选B。 2．句意：1999年，我第一次独自前往欧洲，乘坐巴士途经慕尼黑，当时我病得很重，不得不被送往医院。 trip旅行；flight航班；business商业；experience经验；经历。根据“to Europe alone on a bus tour through Munich”可知此处指去欧洲的旅行。故选A。 3．句意：当我坐在候诊室时，我感觉很无助和疼痛，一个男护士向我走来。 angry生气的；surprised惊讶的；helpless无助的；excited兴奋的。根据“...to Europe alone on a bus tour through Munich when I became very ill and had to be taken to a hospital.”可知独自一人在欧洲时，生病会感觉无助。故选C。 4．句意：他叫Detmar，知道我是一个来自澳大利亚的陌生人，他问我是否他能为我做什么。 advised建议；introduced介绍；called打电话；称呼；performed表演。根据“himself as Detmar”可知此处指称呼自己。故选C。 5．句意：结果是Detmar在找一个澳大利亚人回馈善行。 German德国人；Australian澳大利亚人；European欧洲人；foreigner外国人。根据上文“knowing I was a foreigner and an Australian”可知Detmar知道他是澳大利亚人，根据下文“Detmar was in Australia two years earlier with his wife and she got ill one night.”可知他在澳大利亚接受当地人的帮助，可推测他是想把这个善行回馈给澳大利亚人。故选B。 6．句意：没有找到医院之后，一个当地的男人关掉披萨店，帮助带Detmar的妻子去了急诊室，有45分钟车程。 generally大概；suddenly突然；immediately立刻；unsuccessfully失败地。根据“a ...man closed his pizza shop and helped to take Detmar’s wife to the emergency room”可推测Detmar和妻子没有找到医院，所以一个男人帮助了他们。故选D。 7．句意：没有找到医院之后，一个当地的男人关掉披萨店，帮助带Detmar的妻子去了急诊室，有45分钟车程。 modern现代的；funny有趣的；lazy懒惰的；local当地的。根据“closed his pizza shop”可推测帮助他们的是澳大利亚当地人。故选D。 8．句意：在那段时间里，Detmar每天都来照看我，他的妻子也带给我读的书。 looking up查阅；looking after照顾；looking out向外看；looking for寻找。根据“I ended up being in the hospital for 10 days in Munich.”可推测在作者住院期间，Detmar来照顾他。故选B。 9．句意：当我恢复健康后，Detmar开车送我去机场赶飞机。 airport飞机场；hospital医院；flat公寓；party派对。根据“... to catch my plane.”可知送作者去飞机场赶飞机。故选A。 10．句意：事实上，他的善举为我赢得了一生的友谊。 memory记忆；luck运气；friendship友谊；pleasure快乐。根据“Since then, I have returned to Munich three times and stayed with Detmar every year.”可知作者每年都会去慕尼黑与Detmar相聚，因此Detmar的善举赢得了一生的友谊。故选C。 4、 完成句子 1．她在钢琴演奏方面很有天赋，经常在学校活动中表演。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ the piano and often performs at school events. 2．DeepSeek在解决数学题方面展现出极高的智慧，常常比其他软件更快找到解法。 DeepSeek ________ ________ ________ ________ solving math problems, often finding solutions faster than other software. 3．他的咳嗽与寒冷天气有关。 His cough ________ ________ ________ the cold weather. 4．到现在为止，要么护士，要么医生们已经检查了病人的基本情况。 So far, ________ the nurses ________ the doctor ________ ________ the patient’s basic situation. 5．阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦改变了人们理解时间、空间和引力的方式。 Albert Einstein ________ ________ ________ people understood time, space, and gravity. 6．我出生在城市里，但早年生活在乡下。 I ________ ________ in the city but I lived ________ ________ ________ in my early ages. 7．我们应该保护那些濒危动物，不然它们很快就会灭绝。 We should protect the animals in danger, or they will ________ ________ soon. 8．我也不知道这个词的意思，你可以在词典里查找。 I don’t know the meaning of this word either. You can ______ ______ ______ in a dictionary. 9．这个箱子和那个一样重。 This box is _________ _________ __________ that one. 10．有的学生在扫地，有的学生在擦窗户。 ________ students are sweeping the floor, ________ are cleaning the windows. 解析：1． is talented in playing 【详解】be talented in sth表示“在某方面有天赋”，in为介词，后接动名词；根据“often performs”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为She，be动词用is；play the piano表示“弹钢琴”，动词短语。故填is；talented；in；playing。 2． shows great intelligence in 【详解】 对比中英文可知，空处缺少“在……方面展现出极高的智慧”，其英文表达为show great intelligence in，动词短语，其中show“展现出”，动词；句子陈述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语“DeepSeek”为单数，谓语动词应用三单形式shows；great“极高的，出色的”，形容词，在句中作定语，修饰不可数名词intelligence“智慧，智能”；in“在……方面”，介词。故填shows；great；intelligence；in。 3． is related to 【详解】根据句意及空处可知，缺少“与……有关”的表达。be related to“与……有关”，句子描述的是客观存在的联系，用一般现在时；主语“His cough”是单数，be动词用“is”。故填is；related；to。 4． either or has checked 【详解】either...or...表示 “要么……要么……”，连接并列主语时，遵循“就近原则”；check“检查”，动词；根据“So far”可知，时态为现在完成时；靠近的主语“the doctor”为单数，因此谓语结构为has checked。故填either；or；has；checked。 5． changed the way 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少内容“改变了方式”。change“改变”，the way“方式”，表示特指。动作发生在过去，此处应用动词过去式。故填changed；the；way。 6． was born in the countryside 【详解】be born in表示“出生于”，根据“ I lived ”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语为I，be应用was；in the countryside表示“在乡下”，固定短语。故填was；born；in；the；countryside。 7． die out 【详解】根据中英文对照，此处缺“灭绝”，在英文中表达为die out，结合前面是will，可知此处缺动词原形，故填die out。 8． look it up 【详解】“查找”可用look up表示，此处用于情态动词后，所以使用动词原形即可；可用人称代词it代替前面出现的“this word”，用于“动词+副词”短语中，代词必须放中间。故填①look②it③up。 9． as heavy as 【详解】空格在be动词后，结合语境，可知本句用同级比较结构“as +形容词原级+as”；heavy意为“重的”，形容词；故填as；heavy；as。 10． Some others 【详解】分析句子可知，空处需要翻译的是“有的……有的……”，some…others…表示“有的……有的……”，注意首字母大写，固定词组。故填Some；others。 五、阅读理解 Foxes with nine tails, animals with human faces and fish bodies, turtles with bird heads and snake tails...these magical animals are from Shan Hai Jing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas). This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today’s works. Let’s learn more about it! Shan Hai Jing took shape before the Qin Dynasty (221—206 BC). Like an encyclopedia, it writes about the world in the eyes of people at that time. The 30, 000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals. Shan Hai Jing had a deep influence on the culture of mythology (神话学) in the world. It was taken to Japan during the Sui (581—618) and Tang (618—907), or much earlier. In Japan, it was popular. People there once saw it as a guidebook for traveling in China. The book’s monsters were also popular. Shan Hai Jing has inspired many works. Liu Siliang is a teacher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He said the book inspired the writing of Journey to the West and Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. Pop culture works also borrow ideas from the book. Some of animals in the book even go into movies, such as Zouwu, the star monster in Shan Hai Jing. It has a tiger-body with stripes of five colors. Its tail is longer than its body. It can travel 1, 600 kilometers in a day. We can see it in the popular movie Fantastic Beasts II in 2021. 1．Why did the writer talk about the strange animals in Paragraph 1? A．To answer some questions. B．To give some examples. C．To interest the readers. D．To make a conclusion. 2．The underlined word “inspired” in Paragraph 1 has similar meaning to the underlined word in ________. A．We need someone to inspire the team. B．He inspired many young people to take up basketball. C．His driving hardly inspires confidence (信心). D．His book was inspired by the story of a little girl. 3．Which of the following can you find in Shan Hai Jing?  　   　 ①states      ②mountains         ③rivers       ④plants        ⑤monsters A．①②③④ B．①②③⑤ C．②③④⑤ D．①③④⑤. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Many works borrow ideas from Shan Hai Jing. B．Shan Hai Jing includes many special monsters. C．Some monsters in the book go into movies. D．Shan Hai Jing inspires Pop culture works. 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要是讲述了中国的《山海经》启发了世界的许多作品。 【详解】1．推理判断题。由第一段句子“Foxes with nine tails, animals with human faces and fish bodies, turtles with bird heads and snake tails...these magical animals are from Shan Hai Jing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas)”可知，作者提到这些奇怪的动物是为了吸引读者，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today’s works.”可知这本书在世界上发挥了重要作用，并启发了今天的作品，故此处划线部分意为“启发”，和选项D“他的书是被一个小女孩的故事所启发的”中的inspire意义相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。由第二段句子“The 30, 000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.”可知《山海经》提到了国家、山、河、人以及动物，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Shan Hai Jing has inspired many works...”可知本段主要介绍了《山海经》启发了很多作品。故选D。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 Unit1 Look it up! （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 能正确理解并运用“动词+副词”短语（如look up）的代词宾语位置规则。 2. 掌握描述人物天赋、出生、才能的核心词汇（intelligent, talented, be born, include等）。 3. 能运用as...as结构进行同级比较，并能区分some...others与the others等不定代词的用法。 4. 掌握die out, be related to, be similar to, play a role in等重要短语的含义及用法。 5. 能正确区分并运用spend, cost, pay, take表示“花费”的句型，掌握all与whole的区别。 6. 掌握some/any及复合不定代词（something, anything, nothing等）的用法，并在语境中正确使用“不定代词+形容词”结构。 学习重点 1. look up等“动词+副词”短语中代词作宾语的位置。 2. be born, be talented in, be related to, be similar to等短语的搭配及用法。 3. either...or连接主语时的“就近原则”。 4. as...as同级比较及some...others与the others的辨析。 5. die out, die down等动词短语的区别。 6. 复合不定代词在肯定句、否定句、疑问句中的选用及形容词后置 学习难点 1.all与whole修饰名词的语序差异：修饰单数名词时，all+限定词+名词（all the day）与限定词+whole+名词（the whole day）语序不同；修饰复数名词时含义不同（all students所有学生 vs. two whole days整整两天）。 2.复合不定代词的三个易错点： 表示建议/请求的疑问句中用something而不用anything； 形容词修饰不定代词必须后置（something special不能说special something）； 复合不定代词作主语时谓语用单数。 知识导图记忆 考点1 Look it up！查阅它！（教材P2） 【详解】look up 主要有以下两种含义。 例句：I am using the dictionary to look up a new word. 我正在用字典查一个新单词。 I looked up and saw beautiful clouds in the sky. 我抬头看见天空中有美丽的云。 注意：在look up(动词+副词)的结构中，如果宾语是名词，名词可以位于look up 之后， 也可以位于look 和up 之间。如 look up a new word/ look a new word up。 若宾语是代词，则代词必须位于look和up之间。如 look it/ them up。 【拓展】look的相关短语 • look around 环顾 • look after 照顾 • look at 看 • look for 寻找 • look up 向上看；查阅 • look down on 瞧不起 •look up to 尊敬；钦佩 • look through 浏览 • look over 检查 • look out 小心 • look forward to 期待 【典例】— What does “researcher” mean? I don’t know. — Don’t worry. You can ______ in the dictionary. A. look it up B. look up it C. look them up D. look up them 【即练】 ( ) I can’t find my pen. Please help me ______. A. look it up B. look up it C. look for it D. look it for 考点2 Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 达芬奇非常聪明，他在很多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。（教材P5） 【详解】①．intelligent adj. adj. 有才智的；聪明的 → intelligence n. 聪明；才智 ②．talented adj. 有才能的；天才的 → talent n. 才能，天赋 短语运用： be talented in... 在某方面有才能/ 天赋 = be gifted in 例句：From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. （教材原句P5） 他从小就表现出极大的智慧和艺术天赋。 【典例】— Mo Yan is a very ______ writer. He has a great ______ for storytelling. — Yes, I agree. A. talented; talent B. talent; talented C. intelligent; intelligence D. intelligence; intelligent 【即练】 ( ) From an early age, the girl showed great ______ and musical ______. A. intelligent; talent B. intelligence; talent C. intelligent; talented D. intelligence; talented 【详解】be born 意为“出生”, 其后可接地点状语或时间状语，用于一般过去时，即was/ were born。 birth 名词，意为“出生”。 Year of birth 出生年份 （教材P8） at birth 出生时 【短语拓展】 be born in+ 地点 出生在某地 Be born in/ on +时间 出生于... （某年某月用in， 某一天用on） be born with 与生俱来；天生具有 be born as 天生就是 【典例】— When and where ______ the famous scientist ______ ? — He was born in Shanghai in 1921. A. did; bear B. was; born C. is; born D. were; born 【即练】 ( ) He ______ a weak heart, but he never gives up. A. was born in B. was born with C. was born on D. was born as 考点4 For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.例如，他的笔记本中有一些有趣的飞行器和其他交通工具的图画。（教材P5） 【详解】include ：动词，意为“包含；包括”，作谓语。 vehicles： 名词，意为“交通工具；车辆” 【用法辨析】include，including和included ①include（动词，意为“包括；包含” ，作谓语 ） 1. The price of the tour includes accommodation and meals.这次旅行的费用包括住宿和餐饮 。 2. Her duties include answering the phone and greeting visitors.她的职责包括接听电话和迎接访客 。 ②including（介词，意为“包括……在内” ，用于列举事物 ） 1. Many students, including Tom, are interested in this project.很多学生，包括汤姆在内，对这个项目感兴趣 。 2. There are various fruits in the basket, including apples, bananas and oranges.篮子里有各种各样的水果，包括苹果、香蕉和橙子 。 ③included（形容词，意为“包括在内的” ，常置于名词或代词后 ） 1. Everyone should pay 100 yuan, postage included.每个人要付100元，邮费包括在内 。 2. All the necessary materials, a map included, are provided for the trip.这次旅行所需的所有材料，包括一张地图，都已备好 。 【典例】The price of the trip ______ meals and hotel, a guide ______ . A. includes; included B. includes; including C. including; includes D. included; includes 【即练】 ( ) Many students took part in the English competition, ______ Li Ming. And all prizes, a bike ______, were given out. A. included; including B. including; included C. include; including D. including; include 考点5 Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. 恐龙是一种史前动物。（教材P5） 【详解】 a type of： 一种。 此句中type 是名词，意为“种类，一类”。 type 还可以作动词，意为“打字。” prehistoric：adj. 意为“史前的”。 prehistoric=pre（（在……之前））+ historic（ 历史（性）的） 【典例】This is ______ new machine. It works very fast. A. a type B. type of C. a type of D. type 【即练】 ( ) What ______ animal is the panda? Is it a bear? A. a type of B. type of C. the type of D. types of 考点6 They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards.它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。（教材P5） 【详解】 be related to... 意为“与……属于同一种类 ”，还有“与...有关”的意思。 例句：The story we read in class is related to the history of our country. 我们在课堂上读的故事与我们国家的历史有关。 【典例】— Do you know that dogs are ______ wolves? — Yes, they share a common ancestor. A. relate to B. related to C. similar to D. same as 【即练】 ( ) The police are checking all the evidence that might be ______ this case. A. relate to B. related to C. similar to D. different from 考点7 Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. 恐龙生活在陆地上，用两条或四条腿行走。（教材P5） 【详解】"either...or" 意为“或者...或者...”,必须连接语法结构相同的成分（即并列的单词、短语或从句）。 ✅ 连接名词： You can choose either tea or coffee.（茶或咖啡选其一） ✅ 连接动词： She will either call or text you.（打电话或发短信） ✅ 连接介词短语： We can meet either in the library or at the cafe. 主谓一致原则 当用于连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数由最靠近的主语 决定（就近原则）： Either the teacher or the students are responsible.（students 为复数 → 用 are） Either the students or the teacher is responsible.（teacher 为单数 → 用 is） 【典例】Either you or he ______ going to clean the classroom. It’s your turn this time. A. are B. is C. am D. be 【即练】 ( ) Either the students or the teacher ______ going to give a speech tomorrow. A. is B. are C. am D. be 考点8 Some were as small as chickens，and others were as big as ten elephants.有些像鸡一样小，有些像十头大象一样大。(教材P5) 【详解1】as.....as  与.....一样...... 1) 当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as + 形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“（A和B）一样”......             This tree is as tall as that one. 2) 比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“A不如B....”    Our school is not as big as yours. 【详解2】some ...others...      一些......另一些...... others = other+名词复数。指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。 E. g.: There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill. 【拓展】辨析other，the other，others，another， the others的用法 不定代词 意义 用法 other 另外的人（或物） 常作定语，与可数名词复数连用；其前有the、some等时，也可与单数名词连用。 the other 特指两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”。 others 泛指其他的人或事（物） 泛指别的人或物，相当于“other +可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成“some... others...”。 the others 特指其余所有的所有人或物 特指其余所有的人或物，相当于“the other +可数名词复数”。 another 另外一个 表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”，一般修饰或代替可数名词单数。 例句： Tom always helps other people. 汤姆总是帮助别人。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。 Some students are playing basketball, and others are playing football.一些学生在打篮球，其他的学生在踢足球。 There are 50 students in our class. 20 of them are boys, the others are girls.我们班有50个学生。其中20个是男生，其余的是女生 This cake is delicious. I would like another one.这个蛋糕很好吃。我想再要一个。 【典例】The apples on this tree are not so big as ______ on that tree. ______ are red, and ______ are green. A. that; Some; others B. those; Some; others C. that; Some; the others D. those; Some; the others 【即练】 ( ) There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are boys, and ______ are girls. A. others B. the others C. another D. other 考点9 About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. 大约6600万年前，恐龙突然灭绝了。(教材P5) 【详解】die out 意为“灭绝；灭亡”， 是固定短语。 【拓展1】短语辨析 die from （因受伤、事故、严寒等身体外部原因）而死亡 die of （因情感、饥寒、生病、年老等内部原因）而死亡 die off 相继死去 die away 声音变弱,渐渐模糊,逐渐消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火)，逐渐暗淡 die out 熄灭,变弱,消失, (动物) 灭绝 【拓展2】词语辨析die，dead, death 辨析 词性和词义 例句 die 动词; 死亡 The dog died last year. dead 形容词； 死亡的 The dog was dead because of the car accident. death 名词；死亡 People felt sorry for its death. 【典例】Many traditional crafts are ______ because few young people want to learn them. A. dying out B. dying off C. dying down D. dying away 【即练】 ( ) The strong wind finally ______ at midnight, and we felt much safer. A. died out B. died off C. died down D. died away 考点10 Scientists are not completely sure why. 科学家们并不完全确定原因。（教材P5） 【详解】completely adv. 意为“彻底地；完整地”。作程度副词，修饰sure。 【拓展】complete 既可以作形容词，还可以作动词。 ①．作形容词：表示 “完整的；彻底的” This is a complete list of all participants.（这是所有参与者的完整名单。） The movie was a complete disaster.（这部电影彻底失败。） ②作动词：表示“完成；完善”。同义词：finish。 Please complete the form by Friday.（请在周五前填完表格。） The new bridge will complete the highway system.（新桥将使公路系统完善。） The Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408 and had over 11000 volumes.永乐大典于1408年完成，藏书超过11000册。(教材P14) 【典例】I ______ agree with you. Your plan sounds perfect to me. A. complete B. completely C. completed D. completion 【即练】 ( ) The project was a ______ success. Everyone was happy with the result. A. completely B. completing C. complete D. completed 考点11 They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. 它们与早期的中国百科全书相似，因为它们包含了不同学者的作品。(教材P14) 【详解】be similar to意为“与...相似”，similar是形容词，意为“类似的；相似的”，其中to是介词。 用于比较两个事物（A 和 B）在性质、外观或特征上的相似性，但不完全相同。 【拓展】用于比较的结构 ✅ be the same as 和......一样 My answer is the same as yours. 我的答案和你的是一样的。强调“完全相同”（= 100%相似） ✅ be different from 和.....不同 Chinese food is very different from British food. 中国食物和英国食物很不一样。 【典例】My teaching style is ______ that of most other teachers. We all focus on students. A. similar to B. same as C. different from D. similar with 【即练】 ( ) Your opinion is ______ his, but not exactly the same. A. same as B. similar to C. different from D. similar as 考点12 Yuan spent his whole life developing different kinds of hybrid rice.(教材P15) 【详解】spend，cost，pay，take的用法 【详解】whole与all 用法辨析 all与whole的用法 两者都可以翻译成“整个的”、“全部的”，其区别： 1） 修饰单数可数名词或者抽象名词时，它们可以互换，但是词的顺序不一样： all+限定词（the, this, that, my, your）+名词 限定词（the, this, that, my, your）+whole+名词 比如： She has worked all the afternoon. =She has worked the whole afternoon. 她工作了整个下午。 2）修饰复数可数名词时，all的意义是“所有的”，whole的意义是“整整的”，不可以互换。比如： 比如：All students will go there for a meeting.所有的学生都将去那儿开会。 It rained for two whole days. 雨下了两天整。 【典例】He ______ the whole morning ______ the piano. A. spent; practicing B. cost; to practice C. took; to practice D. paid; practicing 【即练】 ( ) ______ the students in our grade are going to the museum. A. Whole B. The whole C. All D. Whole of 考点13 Encyclopaedias have played an important role through history in recording and providing information. 百科全书在历史中扮演了记录和提供信息的重要角色。(教材P14 ) 【详解】play an important role in (doing) sth. 在....起重要作用 同义表达：play an important part in (doing) sth. 在....起重要作用 【典例】Computers ______ an important role in modern education. A. take B. make C. play D. have 【即练】 ( ) The discovery of DNA has ______ a significant part in the development of biology. A. played B. taken C. made D. done Grammar单元语法：some和any; 复合不定代词 一、some 和any的用法 1） some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 2） some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money? 3）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.   我在某杂志上读到这篇文章。 Any student in this school should follow the rules. 这所学校的任何一个学生都应该遵守规则。    二、复合不定代词 复合不定代词是指由some，any，no，every分别与one，thing，body等组合而成，具体形式如下∶ -one -thing -body some someone something somebody any anyone anything anybody every everyone everything everybody no no one nothing nobody 含有-one和-body的不定代词功能和意义基本相同，含有-one的不定代词比含有-body的不定代词正式。 (1) 带有 的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，带有 的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 (2) 当表示请求、建议且希望得到对方肯定回答时，some及some构成的不定代词也可以用在一般疑问句中； (3) 含有any的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句中表示“ ”。 (4) 以上复合不定代词都表示单数的概念，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用 形式。 (5) else和形容词作复合不定代词的定语时都要 ，即：不定代词+形容词/else。 【即练】 一、选词填空 选词填空 somebody, anybody, nobody, anything, nothing, something 1．Is there interesting in today’s newspaper? 2．Why don’t you ask to help you? 3． taught me English, and I learned it all by myself. 4．—I heard you lost your bag yesterday. —Yes. Luckily, I got it back later. And was lost in it. 5．Look! There is on the table! Let’s go and have a look. 6．Did go to play basketball with you? 二、单项选择 7．Could you please take ________ of these ________? They are very beautiful. A．any photos; potatoes B．some photos; potatoes C．some photos; potatos D．any photos; potatos 8．—When shall we meet again? —Make it ________ day you like, and it’s all the same to me. A．one B．any C．another D．some 9．There ________ porridge in the pot. Would you like ________? A．are much; any B．are many; any C．is much; some D．is many; some 10．—Would you like ________ to eat? —Yes, some bread, please. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 11．—Did you do ________ on Mother’s Day? —Yes, I drew a picture for my mom. A．special anything B．special something C．anything special D．special some 12．I can’t help you now. Ask ________ to help you. A．somebody other B．else somebody C．somebody else D．anybody other 三、完成句子 13．我弟弟生病了，不想吃任何东西。 My brother is ill and he doesn’t ________ ________ eating ________. 14．我好奇你是否了解一些关于恐龙的有趣的事情。 I wonder if you know ________ ________ about dinosaurs. 15．没有人知道恐龙为什么消失。 ________ ________ why all the dinosaurs suddenly disappeared. 16．你的手机没问题。 There is ________ ________ with your cellphone. 17．在我们街区，如果任何人有任何麻烦，邻居们都会来帮忙。 In our neighbourhood, if ________ ________ ________ ________, the neighbours will come to help. 一、单词拼写 1．I’m sorry. I (complete) forgot that it was your birthday yesterday. 2．If enough of you are interested, we’ll o (组织) a trip to Wuhu Museum. 3．People were shocked (震惊) and heartbroken after hearing about Bryant’s sudden (/deθ/) 4．I knocked on the door but (没有人) answered. 5．—Where is Tony? —I’m not sure. P he is in our school library. 6．The w world is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer. 7．Tom and Lingling can draw well and they want to be [ˈɑːtɪsts] in the future. 8．The little girl is very t and she can play the piano very well. (有天赋的) 9．I have two (piece) of paper. 10．Dolphins are very i (聪明的). They can learn quickly. 二、单项选择 1.My mum wants to buy ________ rice because there isn’t ________ in the kitchen. A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some 2.Sorry I’m late. I was talking with a friend and I ________ forgot the time. A．completely B．suddenly C．successfully D．strongly 3.Aunt Kate opened the door, but there was ______ inside, just an empty room. A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 4.You’d better not read today’s newspaper, because there is ________ in it. A．something interesting B．nothing interesting C．anything interesting D．interesting anything 5.Boys, Did you do ________ on Labor Day? A．anything special B．special anything C．something special D．special something 6.—Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play football? —________. I learned by ________. A．Somebody; me B．Nobody; myself C．Nobody; me D．Somebody; myself 7.For students, spending a lot of time ________ web pages on the computer is not beneficial for themselves. A．looking after B．looking through C．looking for D．looking like 8.I don’t like the colour of the coat. Can you show me ________ one? A．other B．others C．another D．the other 9.Some people choose to live in cities, ________ enjoy a peaceful life in suburbs. A．the other B．the others C．another D．others 10.—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 11．— Hi, Helen. When were you born? — I was born ________ February, 2005. My animal sign is the Rooster. A．on B．in C．at D．by 12.—I want to write an essay. Can you suggest some AI apps for it? —Em..., deepseek, doubao, kimi, Qwen, etc. You can choose ________ of them. A．either B．any C．every D．both 13．—Would you like to tell me ________ important news? —Sorry, I don’t want to tell you ________ news today. A．some; some B．some; any C．any; any D．any; some 14．Jane ________ the book and she knew the ________ event. A．completed; complete B．complete; complete C．finishes; complete D．finished; completed 15. Volunteers ______ an important role ______ helping those in need. A. play; on B. make; in C. play; in D. take; on 三、完形填空 While bad things are going on in the world every day, it is important to remember helping others can make the world better. And whenever you are 1 , try to pay it forward. The following is a story of mine. In 1999, I was on my first 2 to Europe alone on a bus tour through Munich when I became very ill and had to be taken to a hospital. While I was sitting in the waiting room, feeling 3 and painful, a male nurse walked up to me. He 4 himself as Detmar, knowing I was a foreigner and an Australian, he asked if there was anything he could do for me. It turns out Detmar was looking to pay a favor(善行) back to a(n) 5 . Detmar was in Australia two years earlier with his wife and she got ill one night. After 6 looking for a hospital, a 7 man closed his pizza shop and helped to take Detmar’s wife to the emergency room, which was 45 minutes away. I ended up being in the hospital for 10 days in Munich. During that time, Detmar visited me every day 8 me, and his wife bought me books to read. When I was well again, Detmar drove me to the 9 to catch my plane. Since then, I have returned to Munich three times and stayed with Detmar every year. Actually, his act of kindness has won me a lifelong 10 . 1．A．troubled B．helped C．heard D．ordered 2．A．trip B．flight C．business D．experience 3．A．angry B．surprised C．helpless D．excited 4．A．advised B．introduced C．called D．performed 5．A．German B．Australian C．European D．foreigner 6．A．generally B．suddenly C．immediately D．unsuccessfully 7．A．modern B．funny C．lazy D．local 8．A．looking up B．looking after C．looking out D．looking for 9．A．airport B．hospital C．flat D．party 10．A．memory B．luck C．friendship D．pleasure 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 4、 完成句子 1．她在钢琴演奏方面很有天赋，经常在学校活动中表演。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ the piano and often performs at school events. 2．DeepSeek在解决数学题方面展现出极高的智慧，常常比其他软件更快找到解法。 DeepSeek ________ ________ ________ ________ solving math problems, often finding solutions faster than other software. 3．他的咳嗽与寒冷天气有关。 His cough ________ ________ ________ the cold weather. 4．到现在为止，要么护士，要么医生们已经检查了病人的基本情况。 So far, ________ the nurses ________ the doctor ________ ________ the patient’s basic situation. 5．阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦改变了人们理解时间、空间和引力的方式。 Albert Einstein ________ ________ ________ people understood time, space, and gravity. 6．我出生在城市里，但早年生活在乡下。 I ________ ________ in the city but I lived ________ ________ ________ in my early ages. 7．我们应该保护那些濒危动物，不然它们很快就会灭绝。 We should protect the animals in danger, or they will ________ ________ soon. 8．我也不知道这个词的意思，你可以在词典里查找。 I don’t know the meaning of this word either. You can ______ ______ ______ in a dictionary. 9．这个箱子和那个一样重。 This box is _________ _________ __________ that one. 10．有的学生在扫地，有的学生在擦窗户。 ________ students are sweeping the floor, ________ are cleaning the windows. 五、阅读理解 Foxes with nine tails, animals with human faces and fish bodies, turtles with bird heads and snake tails...these magical animals are from Shan Hai Jing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas). This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today’s works. Let’s learn more about it! Shan Hai Jing took shape before the Qin Dynasty (221—206 BC). Like an encyclopedia, it writes about the world in the eyes of people at that time. The 30, 000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals. Shan Hai Jing had a deep influence on the culture of mythology (神话学) in the world. It was taken to Japan during the Sui (581—618) and Tang (618—907), or much earlier. In Japan, it was popular. People there once saw it as a guidebook for traveling in China. The book’s monsters were also popular. Shan Hai Jing has inspired many works. Liu Siliang is a teacher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He said the book inspired the writing of Journey to the West and Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. Pop culture works also borrow ideas from the book. Some of animals in the book even go into movies, such as Zouwu, the star monster in Shan Hai Jing. It has a tiger-body with stripes of five colors. Its tail is longer than its body. It can travel 1, 600 kilometers in a day. We can see it in the popular movie Fantastic Beasts II in 2021. 1．Why did the writer talk about the strange animals in Paragraph 1? A．To answer some questions. B．To give some examples. C．To interest the readers. D．To make a conclusion. 2．The underlined word “inspired” in Paragraph 1 has similar meaning to the underlined word in ________. A．We need someone to inspire the team. B．He inspired many young people to take up basketball. C．His driving hardly inspires confidence (信心). D．His book was inspired by the story of a little girl. 3．Which of the following can you find in Shan Hai Jing?  　   　 ①states      ②mountains         ③rivers       ④plants        ⑤monsters A．①②③④ B．①②③⑤ C．②③④⑤ D．①③④⑤. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Many works borrow ideas from Shan Hai Jing. B．Shan Hai Jing includes many special monsters. C．Some monsters in the book go into movies. D．Shan Hai Jing inspires Pop culture works. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $