第4讲 Unit 1核心词汇（暑假预习讲义）（知识全梳理&考点精准练）新八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第4讲 U1核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握环保、节水主题单词词义与完整词性转换； · 熟记单词固定搭配、时态、非谓语基础句型； · 熟练完成词形填空、选词、语法、短文填空四类题型； · 能用相关词汇写节水、环保类简短文段。 学习重点 · 词形转换：动词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词互变、正反义形容词； · 数词用法：billion 有无数词、billions of 区别； · 高频固定搭配：agree 相关短语、be useful for、spread to、raise awareness 等； · 不规则动词 spread 变形、ing/ed 形容词区分； · 现在完成、现在进行、不定式基础语法结合词汇运用。 学习难点 · including 与 included 用法区分； · 不定代词作主语谓语单三变形； · 被动非谓语（being given）、现在分词作状语； · 语境区分 limited/precious/useless 等形容词。 1. billion 音标：/ˈbɪljən/ 词性：n. 十亿 变形：billions of 数十亿（模糊数量）；one billion 十亿（精确数字不加s） 用法：前有具体数字不加s；无数字+of时变billions 短语：billions of people 数十亿人；three billion trees 三十亿棵树 中考例句：Billions of tons of wastewater are produced every year. 译文：每年会产生数十亿吨废水。 【典例】There are two ______ (billion) stars in this galaxy. 【即练1】( ) ______ people care about environmental protection now. A. Billion B. Billions C. Billions of D. Two billions 【即练2】词形转换：______ (billion) of plastic pollutes the desert every year. 参考答案：典例：billion；即练1：C；即练2：Billions 2. useful 音标：/ˈjuːsfl/ 词性：adj. 有用的；有益的 派生词：use v./n. 使用；useless adj. 无用的；usefully adv. 有用地 用法：修饰名词作定语；be useful for sth./doing sth. 对……有用 短语：useful chemical 有用的化学品；be useful for cleaning 利于清洁 中考例句：This dish washer is useful for saving water. 译文：这台洗碗机有助于节约用水。 【典例】The book is very ______ (use) for our environmental study. 【即练1】( ) This tool is useful ______ washing bowls. A. to B. for C. with D. at 【即练2】词形转换：The old machine is ______ (use), we should throw it away. 参考答案：典例：useful；即练1：B；即练2：useless 3. chemical 音标：/ˈkemɪkl/ 词性：n. 化学品；adj. 化学的 派生词：chemistry n. 化学；chemist n. 化学家 用法：作名词复数chemicals；作形容词修饰名词 短语：harmful chemicals 有害化学品；chemical treatment 化学处理 中考例句：Too many chemicals pollute the river wastewater. 译文：过量化学品污染了河道废水。 【典例】Don’t pour these ______ (chemical) into the ground. 【即练1】( ) We learn ______ knowledge in the lab class. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemist D. chemicals 【即练2】词形转换：My favorite subject is ______ (chemical). 参考答案：典例：chemicals；即练1：B；即练2：chemistry 4. include 音标：/ɪnˈkluːd/ 词性：v. 使成为……的一部分；包含 派生词：including prep. 包括（放在名词前）；included adj. 包含在内的（放名词后） 用法：include doing sth.；sth. included / including sth. 短语：include clean-up work 包含清理工作；many fruits including apples 包括苹果在内的多种水果 中考例句：The plan includes raising people’s environmental awareness. 译文：这项计划包含提升人们的环保意识。 【典例】The cost ______ (include) water treatment service. 【即练1】( ) Many animals, ______ snakes, live in the desert. A. include B. including C. included D. includes 【即练2】词形转换：All the drinks are ______ (include) in the ticket price. 参考答案：典例：includes；即练1：B；即练2：included 5. research 音标：/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ 词性：v. & n. 研究；探讨；调查 搭配：do research on sth. 做关于……的研究；research into 调研 用法：不可数名词；动词后接宾语/介词on 短语：do research on wastewater treatment 研究废水处理 中考例句：Scientists research ways to save limited fresh water. 译文：科学家研究节约有限淡水的方法。 【典例】We will do some ______ (research) on desert protection. 【即练1】( ) They are researching ______ new energy-saving machines. A. on B. at C. for D. with 【即练2】词形转换：His ______ (research) helps clean the polluted mud. 参考答案：典例：research；即练1：A；即练2：research 6. agree 音标：/əˈɡriː/ 词性：v. 同意；赞同 派生词：agreement n. 同意；协议；disagree v. 不同意 用法：agree with sb. 同意某人；agree to do sth. 同意做某事；agree on sth. 达成共识 短语：agree to set off at dawn 同意清晨出发；agree with your idea 赞同你的观点 中考例句：Most students agree that we should cut down wastewater. 译文：大多数学生认同我们应当减少废水排放。 【典例】My parents ______ (agree) to take part in the clean-up activity yesterday. 【即练1】( ) I quite agree ______ you about protecting precious water. A. to B. with C. on D. for 【即练2】词形转换：We reached an ______ (agree) to spread environmental knowledge. 参考答案：典例：agreed；即练1：B；即练2：agreement 7. limited 音标：/ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ 词性：adj. 有限的 派生词：limit v. 限制；n. 限度；unlimited adj. 无限的 用法：修饰名词；be limited in ……方面有限 短语：limited fresh water 有限的淡水；limited energy 有限能源 中考例句：The underground water resource is limited on Earth. 译文：地球上地下淡水资源十分有限。 【典例】Our natural water is ______ (limit), so we can’t waste it. 【即练1】( ) Our time for clean-up is limited ______ one hour. A. to B. with C. at D. in 【即练2】词形转换：We need to ______ (limited) the use of chemical soap. 参考答案：典例：limited；即练1：A；即练2：limit 8. spread 音标：/spred/ 词性：v. 传播；扩散 变形：过去式/过去分词 spread（不变形） 用法：spread sth. to sb. 向某人传播；spread out 散开 短语：spread awareness of water saving 传播节水意识；spread quickly 快速扩散 中考例句：We spread knowledge to stop polluting mud and rivers. 译文：我们传播知识，制止淤泥与河道污染。 【典例】The news ______ (spread) across the whole school last week. 【即练1】( ) We spread the environmental rules ______ our classmates. A. for B. to C. at D. with 【即练2】词形转换：The virus ______ (spread) fast in dirty water. 参考答案：典例：spread；即练1：B；即练2：spreads 9. precious 音标：/ˈpreʃəs/ 词性：adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的 派生词：preciousness n. 珍贵 用法：修饰不可数/可数名词，表价值极高 短语：precious fresh water 珍贵淡水；precious rare plants 珍稀植物 中考例句：Water is one of the most precious natural resources. 译文：水是最宝贵的自然资源之一。 【典例】We must save every drop of ______ (precious) water. 【即练1】( ) Time and water are both ______ gifts from nature. A. precious B. limited C. useful D. indirect 【即练2】词形转换：People realize the ______ (precious) of clean soil now. 参考答案：典例：precious；即练1：A；即练2：preciousness 10. carefully 音标：/ˈkeəfəli/ 词性：adv. 仔细地 派生词：care n./v. 小心；careful adj. 仔细的；careless adj. 粗心的 用法：修饰动词，放动词后或句首 短语：pour water carefully 小心倒水；look carefully 仔细观察 中考例句：You should bathe the cotton cloth carefully with soap. 译文：你要用肥皂仔细清洗棉布料。 【典例】Please wash the hole in the cloth ______ (careful). 【即练1】( ) He listened ______ to the teacher’s words about waste treatment. A. careful B. carefully C. careless D. care 【即练2】词形转换：It’s ______ (care) to pour chemicals into rivers. 参考答案：典例：carefully；即练1：B；即练2：careless 11. drop 音标：/drɒp/ 词性：n. 滴；水珠 v. 滴落；丢弃 变形：复数drops；过去式dropped 用法：a drop of … 一滴……；drop sth. into 丢入 短语：a drop of rain 一滴雨水；drop wastewater 排放废水 中考例句：Every drop of clean water should not be wasted. 译文：每一滴干净的水都不该被浪费。 【典例】There are some ______ (drop) of mud on the shoulder of my coat. 【即练1】( ) Don’t drop plastic rubbish ______ the desert hole. A. into B. to C. at D. for 【即练2】词形转换：Water ______ (drop) from the corner of the roof all night. 参考答案：典例：drops；即练1：A；即练2：dropped 12. raise 音标：/reɪz/ 词性：v. 提升；提高；筹集 变形：过去式raised；现在分词raising 用法：及物动词，后直接接宾语；raise awareness 提升意识 短语：raise environmental awareness 提升环保意识；raise money for clean-up 为清理活动筹款 中考例句：We hold activities to raise people’s sense of saving water. 译文：我们举办活动提升人们的节水观念。 【典例】The club ______ (raise) money for river clean-up last month. 【即练1】( ) We need to raise public awareness ______ chemical pollution. A. of B. to C. with D. for 【即练2】词形转换：______ (raise) awareness is the first step to protect water. 参考答案：典例：raised；即练1：A；即练2：Raising 13. awareness 音标：/əˈweənəs/ 词性：n. 意识；认识 派生词：aware adj. 意识到的；be aware of 意识到 用法：不可数名词；awareness of sth. 对某事的意识 短语：environmental awareness 环保意识；water-saving awareness 节水意识 中考例句：More teenagers have the awareness to protect rare desert plants. 译文：越来越多青少年拥有保护珍稀沙漠植物的意识。 【典例】We should improve students’ ______ (aware) of pollution. 【即练1】( ) Everyone needs awareness ______ protecting limited fresh water. A. for B. of C. at D. to 【即练2】词形转换：Few people are ______ (awareness) of the wastewater problem. 参考答案：典例：awareness；即练1：B；即练2：aware 14. soap 音标：/səʊp/ 词性：n. 肥皂 v. 抹肥皂；擦洗 变形：不可数名词；a bar of soap 一块肥皂 短语：wash with soap 用肥皂清洗；soap the cotton cloth 给布料打上肥皂 中考例句：This kind of soap has harmful chemicals inside. 译文：这款肥皂内部含有有害化学物质。 【典例】Don’t use too much ______ (soap) when you bathe. 【即练1】( ) She bought two bars ______ soap for washing clothes. A. of B. with C. to D. for 【即练2】词形转换：You need ______ (soap) your hands carefully after touching mud. 参考答案：典例：soap；即练1：A；即练2：to soap 15. energy-saving 音标：/ˈenədʒi seɪvɪŋ/ 词性：adj. 节能的；节约能源的 派生词：energy n. 能源；save v. 节约 用法：复合形容词，多用于修饰名词，常用作定语 短语：energy-saving equipment 节能设备；energy-saving habits 节能习惯 中考例句：We should use more energy-saving products to protect our environment. 译文：我们应该多使用节能产品来保护环境。 【典例】We need to buy some ______ (energy-save) lights for our classroom. 【即练1】( ) This ______ machine can help us save lots of electricity. A. energy-saving B. precious C. limited D. careful 【即练2】词形转换：Developing ______ (energy-saving) technology is important for environmental protection. 参考答案：典例：energy-saving；即练1：A；即练2：energy-saving 一、单词拼写 1．My parents seemed ________ (agree) with my idea of a camping trip this weekend. 2．She is reading her book quietly in the ________ (corner) of the library. 3．Drink whenever you feel ________ during exercise. (thirst) 4．There are ________ of people in the world. (billion) 5．Did the English teacher give you any ________ (suggest)? 6．He didn’t feel well and suggested ________ (give) a good medical examination. 7．When an apple turns brown, that’s a ________ change. (chemistry) 8．Campers need to pay 500 dollars for the camping trip, ________ all meals and tents. (include) 9．The natural resources are ________, so we should never waste any. (limit) 10．People around the world hope that Russia and Ukraine can reach a peace ________ (agree) soon. 11．Jack took an ________ route home, which took him much more time than usual. (direct) 12．The project about saving water was ________ completed on schedule. (full) 13．Little Tom is so ________ that no kids want to play with him. (bore) 14．The chips were too _______, so I drank a lot of water after eating them. (salt) 15．Mr. Peterson hopes to raise the citizens’ ______ of protecting water through his speech. (aware) 16．When something ________ (worry) you, don’t be sad. Come to me, and I will help you. 17．You should take an exam as ________ (careful) as you can. 18．The performance was so ________ (bore) that I fell asleep. 19．This is one of the ________ (useful) tips for being a good learner. I use it every day. 20．The mother lion would never do anything to ________ the lives of her cubs. (danger) 21．________ (hear) the dog barking fiercely, the thief ran away. 22．The boy pretended ________ in the bathtub when the babysitter came in. (swim) 23．In recent years, many football clubs ________ (run) as business to make a profit. 24．The sun is ________ brightly in the sky. (shine) 25．Lin Dong will give us a ________ about protecting water. (present) 26．Chemicals are needed for wastewater ________, which costs a lot of money. (treat) 27．The project should raise general ________ (aware) about bullying. 28．The room was ________ used for the meeting, with no free seats left. (full) 29．At the end of the meeting, we failed to ________ on a plan to raise money by selling handmade crafts. (disagree) 30．He was so focused on his book that he was completely ________ of the time passing by. (awareness) 二、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。（每空限填一词，每词限用一次。） turn   important   brush   reuse   vegetable World Water Day is on March 22nd. Do you know how to save water at home? Here are some simple ways. First, 31 off the tap when you 32 your teeth. Second, 33 the water from washing 34 to water plants. Third, take a short shower instead of a bath. These small actions are very 35 for saving water. Let’s do it together! 三、语法选择 World Water Day is on March 22 every year. It is 36 important global event that reminds 37 of the value of fresh water. People around the world 38 this day since 1993. The theme for 2025 is “Water for Our Future.” Many organizations hold activities 39 this day. They encourage people 40 part in water-saving projects. In some countries, children learn about water protection when they are at school. Teachers often teach students 41 posters about saving water. However, many people still face water problems. In dry areas, people sometimes wait 42 the rain comes. We must take action when we see water 43 . Some people waste water when they 44 their teeth. We should stop this bad habit immediately. We 45 work together. Remember, every drop counts for our future. 36．A．a B．an C．the 37．A．we B．our C．us 38．A．celebrated B．celebrate C．have celebrated 39．A．at B．on C．in 40．A．to take B．take C．taking 41．A．design B．designing C．to design 42．A．unless B．if C．until 43．A．wasting B．wastes C．being wasted 44．A．are brushing B．brush C．brushed 45．A．have to B．would rather C．need to 四、短文填空 Now it is a school day in 2150. “We will visit 46 underwater world by boat today. You can record everything on video 47 your partner.” The kids are excited after hearing their teacher’s words. Tom and Mia can’t wait to get into the boat. As they go deeper (更深地), the water gets darker. “It’s getting much 48 (bad) down here,” Tom says as he looks 49 the rubbish moving around. 50 (sudden), a bright light appears and they find an ocean city. There they can see modern robot industry everywhere. A robot named Kael greets 51 (they), “Welcome!” “Why do you live here?” Mia asks. Kael says, “Because the land was too dirty before. It influenced us 52 (great).” “How does the city work?” Kael explains, “A 53 (research) taught us to use special technology here. This machine can clean the water, and that one can 54 (help) when emergency happens.” “When will the land become clean again?” Tom asks. Kael answers, “It depends 55 you humans. It will get better as long 56 you protect the planet. " “We should keep our world clean,” says Mia. “Starting tomorrow, I 57 (take) action to clean our planet. Who will join 58 (I)?” Everyone raises their hands. The world is 59 (develop) fast. We may face many 60 (challenge) problems, but if we work together, we will surely be able to protect the earth. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第4讲 U1核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握环保、节水主题单词词义与完整词性转换； · 熟记单词固定搭配、时态、非谓语基础句型； · 熟练完成词形填空、选词、语法、短文填空四类题型； · 能用相关词汇写节水、环保类简短文段。 学习重点 · 词形转换：动词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词互变、正反义形容词； · 数词用法：billion 有无数词、billions of 区别； · 高频固定搭配：agree 相关短语、be useful for、spread to、raise awareness 等； · 不规则动词 spread 变形、ing/ed 形容词区分； · 现在完成、现在进行、不定式基础语法结合词汇运用。 学习难点 · including 与 included 用法区分； · 不定代词作主语谓语单三变形； · 被动非谓语（being given）、现在分词作状语； · 语境区分 limited/precious/useless 等形容词。 1. billion 音标：/ˈbɪljən/ 词性：n. 十亿 变形：billions of 数十亿（模糊数量）；one billion 十亿（精确数字不加s） 用法：前有具体数字不加s；无数字+of时变billions 短语：billions of people 数十亿人；three billion trees 三十亿棵树 中考例句：Billions of tons of wastewater are produced every year. 译文：每年会产生数十亿吨废水。 【典例】There are two ______ (billion) stars in this galaxy. 【即练1】( ) ______ people care about environmental protection now. A. Billion B. Billions C. Billions of D. Two billions 【即练2】词形转换：______ (billion) of plastic pollutes the desert every year. 参考答案：典例：billion；即练1：C；即练2：Billions 2. useful 音标：/ˈjuːsfl/ 词性：adj. 有用的；有益的 派生词：use v./n. 使用；useless adj. 无用的；usefully adv. 有用地 用法：修饰名词作定语；be useful for sth./doing sth. 对……有用 短语：useful chemical 有用的化学品；be useful for cleaning 利于清洁 中考例句：This dish washer is useful for saving water. 译文：这台洗碗机有助于节约用水。 【典例】The book is very ______ (use) for our environmental study. 【即练1】( ) This tool is useful ______ washing bowls. A. to B. for C. with D. at 【即练2】词形转换：The old machine is ______ (use), we should throw it away. 参考答案：典例：useful；即练1：B；即练2：useless 3. chemical 音标：/ˈkemɪkl/ 词性：n. 化学品；adj. 化学的 派生词：chemistry n. 化学；chemist n. 化学家 用法：作名词复数chemicals；作形容词修饰名词 短语：harmful chemicals 有害化学品；chemical treatment 化学处理 中考例句：Too many chemicals pollute the river wastewater. 译文：过量化学品污染了河道废水。 【典例】Don’t pour these ______ (chemical) into the ground. 【即练1】( ) We learn ______ knowledge in the lab class. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemist D. chemicals 【即练2】词形转换：My favorite subject is ______ (chemical). 参考答案：典例：chemicals；即练1：B；即练2：chemistry 4. include 音标：/ɪnˈkluːd/ 词性：v. 使成为……的一部分；包含 派生词：including prep. 包括（放在名词前）；included adj. 包含在内的（放名词后） 用法：include doing sth.；sth. included / including sth. 短语：include clean-up work 包含清理工作；many fruits including apples 包括苹果在内的多种水果 中考例句：The plan includes raising people’s environmental awareness. 译文：这项计划包含提升人们的环保意识。 【典例】The cost ______ (include) water treatment service. 【即练1】( ) Many animals, ______ snakes, live in the desert. A. include B. including C. included D. includes 【即练2】词形转换：All the drinks are ______ (include) in the ticket price. 参考答案：典例：includes；即练1：B；即练2：included 5. research 音标：/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ 词性：v. & n. 研究；探讨；调查 搭配：do research on sth. 做关于……的研究；research into 调研 用法：不可数名词；动词后接宾语/介词on 短语：do research on wastewater treatment 研究废水处理 中考例句：Scientists research ways to save limited fresh water. 译文：科学家研究节约有限淡水的方法。 【典例】We will do some ______ (research) on desert protection. 【即练1】( ) They are researching ______ new energy-saving machines. A. on B. at C. for D. with 【即练2】词形转换：His ______ (research) helps clean the polluted mud. 参考答案：典例：research；即练1：A；即练2：research 6. agree 音标：/əˈɡriː/ 词性：v. 同意；赞同 派生词：agreement n. 同意；协议；disagree v. 不同意 用法：agree with sb. 同意某人；agree to do sth. 同意做某事；agree on sth. 达成共识 短语：agree to set off at dawn 同意清晨出发；agree with your idea 赞同你的观点 中考例句：Most students agree that we should cut down wastewater. 译文：大多数学生认同我们应当减少废水排放。 【典例】My parents ______ (agree) to take part in the clean-up activity yesterday. 【即练1】( ) I quite agree ______ you about protecting precious water. A. to B. with C. on D. for 【即练2】词形转换：We reached an ______ (agree) to spread environmental knowledge. 参考答案：典例：agreed；即练1：B；即练2：agreement 7. limited 音标：/ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ 词性：adj. 有限的 派生词：limit v. 限制；n. 限度；unlimited adj. 无限的 用法：修饰名词；be limited in ……方面有限 短语：limited fresh water 有限的淡水；limited energy 有限能源 中考例句：The underground water resource is limited on Earth. 译文：地球上地下淡水资源十分有限。 【典例】Our natural water is ______ (limit), so we can’t waste it. 【即练1】( ) Our time for clean-up is limited ______ one hour. A. to B. with C. at D. in 【即练2】词形转换：We need to ______ (limited) the use of chemical soap. 参考答案：典例：limited；即练1：A；即练2：limit 8. spread 音标：/spred/ 词性：v. 传播；扩散 变形：过去式/过去分词 spread（不变形） 用法：spread sth. to sb. 向某人传播；spread out 散开 短语：spread awareness of water saving 传播节水意识；spread quickly 快速扩散 中考例句：We spread knowledge to stop polluting mud and rivers. 译文：我们传播知识，制止淤泥与河道污染。 【典例】The news ______ (spread) across the whole school last week. 【即练1】( ) We spread the environmental rules ______ our classmates. A. for B. to C. at D. with 【即练2】词形转换：The virus ______ (spread) fast in dirty water. 参考答案：典例：spread；即练1：B；即练2：spreads 9. precious 音标：/ˈpreʃəs/ 词性：adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的 派生词：preciousness n. 珍贵 用法：修饰不可数/可数名词，表价值极高 短语：precious fresh water 珍贵淡水；precious rare plants 珍稀植物 中考例句：Water is one of the most precious natural resources. 译文：水是最宝贵的自然资源之一。 【典例】We must save every drop of ______ (precious) water. 【即练1】( ) Time and water are both ______ gifts from nature. A. precious B. limited C. useful D. indirect 【即练2】词形转换：People realize the ______ (precious) of clean soil now. 参考答案：典例：precious；即练1：A；即练2：preciousness 10. carefully 音标：/ˈkeəfəli/ 词性：adv. 仔细地 派生词：care n./v. 小心；careful adj. 仔细的；careless adj. 粗心的 用法：修饰动词，放动词后或句首 短语：pour water carefully 小心倒水；look carefully 仔细观察 中考例句：You should bathe the cotton cloth carefully with soap. 译文：你要用肥皂仔细清洗棉布料。 【典例】Please wash the hole in the cloth ______ (careful). 【即练1】( ) He listened ______ to the teacher’s words about waste treatment. A. careful B. carefully C. careless D. care 【即练2】词形转换：It’s ______ (care) to pour chemicals into rivers. 参考答案：典例：carefully；即练1：B；即练2：careless 11. drop 音标：/drɒp/ 词性：n. 滴；水珠 v. 滴落；丢弃 变形：复数drops；过去式dropped 用法：a drop of … 一滴……；drop sth. into 丢入 短语：a drop of rain 一滴雨水；drop wastewater 排放废水 中考例句：Every drop of clean water should not be wasted. 译文：每一滴干净的水都不该被浪费。 【典例】There are some ______ (drop) of mud on the shoulder of my coat. 【即练1】( ) Don’t drop plastic rubbish ______ the desert hole. A. into B. to C. at D. for 【即练2】词形转换：Water ______ (drop) from the corner of the roof all night. 参考答案：典例：drops；即练1：A；即练2：dropped 12. raise 音标：/reɪz/ 词性：v. 提升；提高；筹集 变形：过去式raised；现在分词raising 用法：及物动词，后直接接宾语；raise awareness 提升意识 短语：raise environmental awareness 提升环保意识；raise money for clean-up 为清理活动筹款 中考例句：We hold activities to raise people’s sense of saving water. 译文：我们举办活动提升人们的节水观念。 【典例】The club ______ (raise) money for river clean-up last month. 【即练1】( ) We need to raise public awareness ______ chemical pollution. A. of B. to C. with D. for 【即练2】词形转换：______ (raise) awareness is the first step to protect water. 参考答案：典例：raised；即练1：A；即练2：Raising 13. awareness 音标：/əˈweənəs/ 词性：n. 意识；认识 派生词：aware adj. 意识到的；be aware of 意识到 用法：不可数名词；awareness of sth. 对某事的意识 短语：environmental awareness 环保意识；water-saving awareness 节水意识 中考例句：More teenagers have the awareness to protect rare desert plants. 译文：越来越多青少年拥有保护珍稀沙漠植物的意识。 【典例】We should improve students’ ______ (aware) of pollution. 【即练1】( ) Everyone needs awareness ______ protecting limited fresh water. A. for B. of C. at D. to 【即练2】词形转换：Few people are ______ (awareness) of the wastewater problem. 参考答案：典例：awareness；即练1：B；即练2：aware 14. soap 音标：/səʊp/ 词性：n. 肥皂 v. 抹肥皂；擦洗 变形：不可数名词；a bar of soap 一块肥皂 短语：wash with soap 用肥皂清洗；soap the cotton cloth 给布料打上肥皂 中考例句：This kind of soap has harmful chemicals inside. 译文：这款肥皂内部含有有害化学物质。 【典例】Don’t use too much ______ (soap) when you bathe. 【即练1】( ) She bought two bars ______ soap for washing clothes. A. of B. with C. to D. for 【即练2】词形转换：You need ______ (soap) your hands carefully after touching mud. 参考答案：典例：soap；即练1：A；即练2：to soap 15. energy-saving 音标：/ˈenədʒi seɪvɪŋ/ 词性：adj. 节能的；节约能源的 派生词：energy n. 能源；save v. 节约 用法：复合形容词，多用于修饰名词，常用作定语 短语：energy-saving equipment 节能设备；energy-saving habits 节能习惯 中考例句：We should use more energy-saving products to protect our environment. 译文：我们应该多使用节能产品来保护环境。 【典例】We need to buy some ______ (energy-save) lights for our classroom. 【即练1】( ) This ______ machine can help us save lots of electricity. A. energy-saving B. precious C. limited D. careful 【即练2】词形转换：Developing ______ (energy-saving) technology is important for environmental protection. 参考答案：典例：energy-saving；即练1：A；即练2：energy-saving 一、单词拼写 1．My parents seemed ________ (agree) with my idea of a camping trip this weekend. 【答案】to agree 【详解】句意：我父母似乎同意我这个周末去露营的想法。seem to do sth“似乎做某事”。故填to agree。 2．She is reading her book quietly in the ________ (corner) of the library. 【答案】corner 【详解】句意：她在图书馆的角落里静静地看书。根据“the”结合所给词可知，此处应填入corner，可数名词单数，作宾语，意为“角落”，特指她在的角落。故填corner。 3．Drink whenever you feel ________ during exercise. (thirst) 【答案】thirsty 【详解】句意：在运动期间，每当你感到口渴时就喝水。动词“feel”后应接形容词作表语，表示状态。提示词“thirst”是名词，其形容词形式是thirsty“口渴的”。故填thirsty。 4．There are ________ of people in the world. (billion) 【答案】billions 【详解】句意：世界上有数十亿的人。“billions of”是固定短语，表示“数十亿的；大量的”，用来修饰可数名词复数形式，强调数量非常多。这里“billion”原形是数词“十亿”，在“billions of”这个结构中要用复数形式“billions”。故填billions。 5．Did the English teacher give you any ________ (suggest)? 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意：英语老师给你什么建议了吗？“any”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“suggest”是动词，其名词形式“suggestion”为可数名词，需用复数形式“suggestions”。故填suggestions。 6．He didn’t feel well and suggested ________ (give) a good medical examination. 【答案】being given 【详解】句意：他感觉不舒服，建议好好进行一次体检。主语是He，与give a good medical examination构成被动关系，表示“建议（自己）被给予检查”，应用被动语态“be done”；suggest doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”，故填being given。 7．When an apple turns brown, that’s a ________ change. (chemistry) 【答案】chemical 【详解】句意：当苹果变褐色时，那是一种化学变化。空格后“change”是名词，需用形容词修饰；所给词“chemistry”是名词，其形容词形式“chemical”可修饰名词“change”，在句中作定语，表“化学的变化”。故填chemical。 8．Campers need to pay 500 dollars for the camping trip, ________ all meals and tents. (include) 【答案】including 【详解】句意：露营者参加这次露营旅行需支付500美元，其中包含所有餐食和帐篷。include包含，包括，动词，根据“Campers need to pay 500 dollars for the camping trip, ... all meals and tents.”可知，此处是指露营者参加这次露营旅行需支付500 美元，其中包含所有餐食和帐篷。空前句子结构完整，不缺任何成分，空后是对500 dollars的补充说明，include需要填入现在分词形式including，故填including。 9．The natural resources are ________, so we should never waste any. (limit) 【答案】limited 【详解】句意：自然资源是有限的，所以我们绝不应该浪费任何资源。根据“so we should never waste any”可推测自然资源是有限的，limited意为“有限的”，在句中作表语。故填limited。 10．People around the world hope that Russia and Ukraine can reach a peace ________ (agree) soon. 【答案】agreement 【详解】句意：全世界人民希望俄罗斯和乌克兰能很快达成和平协议。空处位于“a peace”后，填可数名词单数，指和平协议，作宾语。agree“同意”，动词，名词为agreement“协议”，可数名词。故填agreement。 11．Jack took an ________ route home, which took him much more time than usual. (direct) 【答案】indirect 【详解】句意：杰克走了一条不直接的回家路线，这让他比平时花了更多时间。direct“直接的”，根据“which took him much more time than usual”可知，比平时花更多时间说明路线不直接，修饰名词route用形容词indirect“不直接的”。故填indirect。 12．The project about saving water was ________ completed on schedule. (full) 【答案】fully 【详解】句意：这个关于节水的项目按时全面完成了。空处修饰动词completed，用副词形式。故填fully。 13．Little Tom is so ________ that no kids want to play with him. (bore) 【答案】boring 【详解】句意：小汤姆如此令人厌烦，以至于没有孩子想和他玩。此处是“so+形容词+that…”固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，句子强调小汤姆的特性（他本身“令人厌烦”）导致其他孩子不愿和他玩，应用形容词boring“令人厌烦的”作表语。故填boring。 14．The chips were too _______, so I drank a lot of water after eating them. (salt) 【答案】salty 【详解】句意：薯片太咸了，所以我吃完后喝了很多水。salt“盐”，名词。空格处在系动词were后作表语，需用形容词形式，表示“咸的”。故填salty。 15．Mr. Peterson hopes to raise the citizens’ ______ of protecting water through his speech. (aware) 【答案】awareness 【详解】句意：彼得森先生希望通过他的演讲提高市民保护水资源的意识。所有格citizens’修饰名词，aware的名词形式是awareness“意识”。故填awareness。 16．When something ________ (worry) you, don’t be sad. Come to me, and I will help you. 【答案】worries 【详解】句意：当有事情让你担心时，别难过。来找我，我会帮助你。worry使担心，动词；本句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句为祈使句和一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主语“something”为不定代词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，worry的第三人称单数是worries，故填worries。 17．You should take an exam as ________ (careful) as you can. 【答案】carefully 【详解】句意：你应该尽可能认真地参加考试。“as+副词原级+as you can”为固定结构，表“尽可能……”，“careful”是形容词，意为“认真的”，此处需用其副词形式carefully“认真地”，修饰动词take。故填carefully。 18．The performance was so ________ (bore) that I fell asleep. 【答案】boring 【详解】句意：这场表演太无聊了，我都睡着了。根据“The performance was so…that I fell asleep.”可知，这里需要一个形容词修饰主语 The performance，指事物，bore的形容词形式中，boring用于修饰事物，意为“令人无聊的”，符合语境。故填boring。 19．This is one of the ________ (useful) tips for being a good learner. I use it every day. 【答案】most useful 【详解】句意：这是成为一个好的学习者最有用的建议之一。我每天都用它。useful“有用的”，根据“This is one of the”可知，考查“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，意为“最……之一”。故填most useful。 20．The mother lion would never do anything to ________ the lives of her cubs. (danger) 【答案】endanger 【详解】句意：母狮绝不会做任何危及幼狮生命的事情。根据“to...the lives”可知，横线处需填动词，danger“危险”，名词，其动词形式为endanger，意为“危及”，且位于不定式符号to后，应用动词原形。故填endanger。 21．________ (hear) the dog barking fiercely, the thief ran away. 【答案】Hearing 【详解】句意：听到狗狂吠，小偷跑走了。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词，主语与动词hear之间表示主动关系，所以填现在分词hearing，作状语，句首首字母要大写。故填Hearing。 22．The boy pretended ________ in the bathtub when the babysitter came in. (swim) 【答案】to be swimming 【详解】句意：当保姆进来时，男孩假装正在浴缸里游泳。根据“when the babysitter came in”可知，空处应是pretend to be doing sth“假装正在做某事”，当保姆进来时，男孩假装正在浴缸里游泳。故填to be swimming。 23．In recent years, many football clubs ________ (run) as business to make a profit. 【答案】have been run 【详解】句意：最近几年，很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运作以获得利润。根据“In recent years”可知，句子是现在完成时，且主语是复数，与run之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词用have been done，run的过去分词是run。故填have been run。 24．The sun is ________ brightly in the sky. (shine) 【答案】shining 【详解】句意：太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着。根据“The sun is...brightly”可知，句子时态为现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+动词现在分词”，shine“照耀”，动词，其现在分词形式为shining。故填shining。 25．Lin Dong will give us a ________ about protecting water. (present) 【答案】presentation 【详解】句意：林东将给我们做一个关于保护水资源的报告。根据句子结构可知，此处需要填入一个名词，作为“give us a...”的宾语。所给词present的名词形式presentation意为“报告；演示”，在此处表示林东将做一个关于保护水资源的报告，符合语境。故填presentation。 26．Chemicals are needed for wastewater ________, which costs a lot of money. (treat) 【答案】treatment 【详解】句意：化学物质被需要来处理废水，这花了很多的钱。根据“for wastewater”结合所给词可知需要表示“处理废水”这一含义，要使用treat的名词treatment，表示“处理”。故填treatment。 27．The project should raise general ________ (aware) about bullying. 【答案】awareness 【详解】句意：该项目应提高人们对欺凌行为的普遍认识。aware“意识到的”，形容词；空前“general”为形容词，后接名词，aware的名词形式为awareness，且awareness为不可数名词，无复数形式。故填awareness。 28．The room was ________ used for the meeting, with no free seats left. (full) 【答案】fully 【详解】句意：会议室已满座，没有空余座位。此处应用副词修饰动词used，full的副词为fully，意为“完全地”。故填fully。 29．At the end of the meeting, we failed to ________ on a plan to raise money by selling handmade crafts. (disagree) 【答案】agree 【详解】句意：会议结束时，我们未能就通过销售手工制品筹集资金的计划达成一致。agree on意为“就……达成一致”，为固定短语；fail to do sth.表示“未能做某事”，所以空处用动词原形。故填agree。 30．He was so focused on his book that he was completely ________ of the time passing by. (awareness) 【答案】unaware 【详解】句意：他如此专注于他的书，以至于完全没有意识到时间的流逝。根据提示词和“He was so focused on his book”可知，他聚精会神地看书，所以未察觉到时间的流逝。空格处应填形容词unaware“未察觉到的”，作表语，描述“he”的状态。故填unaware。 二、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。（每空限填一词，每词限用一次。） turn   important   brush   reuse   vegetable World Water Day is on March 22nd. Do you know how to save water at home? Here are some simple ways. First, 31 off the tap when you 32 your teeth. Second, 33 the water from washing 34 to water plants. Third, take a short shower instead of a bath. These small actions are very 35 for saving water. Let’s do it together! 【答案】31．turn 32．brush 33．reuse 34．vegetables 35．important 【导语】本文围绕世界水日，介绍了三种居家节约用水的简单方法，倡导大家从小行动节水。 【详解】31．句意：首先，刷牙时关掉水龙头。本句为祈使句，以动词原形开头；固定搭配turn off表示“关掉（水龙头）”，因此填原形turn。 32．句意：首先，刷牙时关掉水龙头。时间状语从句主语是you，时态为一般现在时，动词用原形；固定短语brush one’s teeth意为“刷牙”，故填brush。 33．句意：第二，把洗蔬菜的水再利用起来浇灌植物。本句是祈使句，用动词原形开头；结合节水主题，单词reuse表示“重复利用”，符合语境，填原形reuse。 34．句意：第二，把洗蔬菜的水再利用起来浇灌植物。washing后接可数名词复数表一类事物，vegetable的复数形式vegetables表示各类蔬菜，washing vegetables即“洗菜”，填vegetables。 35．句意：这些微小的举动对于节约用水十分重要。副词very修饰形容词，固定搭配be important for意为“对……重要”，因此填形容词important。 三、语法选择 World Water Day is on March 22 every year. It is 36 important global event that reminds 37 of the value of fresh water. People around the world 38 this day since 1993. The theme for 2025 is “Water for Our Future.” Many organizations hold activities 39 this day. They encourage people 40 part in water-saving projects. In some countries, children learn about water protection when they are at school. Teachers often teach students 41 posters about saving water. However, many people still face water problems. In dry areas, people sometimes wait 42 the rain comes. We must take action when we see water 43 . Some people waste water when they 44 their teeth. We should stop this bad habit immediately. We 45 work together. Remember, every drop counts for our future. 36．A．a B．an C．the 37．A．we B．our C．us 38．A．celebrated B．celebrate C．have celebrated 39．A．at B．on C．in 40．A．to take B．take C．taking 41．A．design B．designing C．to design 42．A．unless B．if C．until 43．A．wasting B．wastes C．being wasted 44．A．are brushing B．brush C．brushed 45．A．have to B．would rather C．need to 【答案】 36．B 37．C 38．C 39．B 40．A 41．C 42．C 43．C 44．B 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界水日，包括其时间、主题、相关活动以及人们面临的水问题，呼吁大家节约用水，共同为未来努力。 【详解】36．句意：它是一个重要的全球性活动，提醒我们淡水的价值。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。由“important global event”可知，此处表示泛指“一个重要的全球性活动”，且important以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故选B。 37．句意：它是一个重要的全球性活动，提醒我们淡水的价值。 we我们，主格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；us我们，宾格。remind sb of sth表示“提醒某人某事”，动词remind后接宾格作宾语。故选C。 38．句意：自1993年以来，全世界的人们都在庆祝这一天。 celebrated庆祝，过去式；celebrate庆祝，动词原形；have celebrated庆祝，现在完成时。根据“since 1993”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语People为复数，助动词用have。故选C。 39．句意：许多组织在这一天举行活动。 at在，用于具体时刻前；on在，用于具体某一天前；in在，用于年、月、季节等前。根据“this day”可知，此处指具体某一天，应用介词on。故选B。 40．句意：他们鼓励人们参加节水项目。 to take参加，动词不定式；take参加，动词原形；taking参加，动名词。由“encourage”可知，encourage sb to do sth表示“鼓励某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 41．句意：老师经常教学生设计关于节约用水的海报。 design设计，动词原形；designing设计，动名词；to design设计，动词不定式。由“teach”可知，teach sb to do sth表示“教某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 42．句意：在干旱地区，人们有时要等到下雨。 unless除非；if如果；until直到。根据“people sometimes wait...the rain comes”可知，此处指等待直到下雨，应用until引导时间状语从句。故选C。 43．句意：当我们看到水被浪费时，我们必须采取行动。 wasting浪费，动名词；wastes浪费，动词第三人称单数形式；being wasted被浪费，动名词的被动形式。根据“see water...”可知，此处指看到水被浪费，应用被动形式，且see sb/sth doing sth表示“看到某人/某物正在做某事”，应用being wasted。故选C。 44．句意：有些人在刷牙时浪费水。 are brushing正在刷，现在进行时；brush刷，动词原形；brushed刷，过去式。根据“Some people waste water when they...their teeth.”可知，此处描述一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语they为复数，动词用原形。故选B。 45．句意：我们需要共同努力。 have to不得不；would rather宁愿；need to需要。根据“work together”可知，此处指需要共同努力，应用need to。故选C。 四、短文填空 Now it is a school day in 2150. “We will visit 46 underwater world by boat today. You can record everything on video 47 your partner.” The kids are excited after hearing their teacher’s words. Tom and Mia can’t wait to get into the boat. As they go deeper (更深地), the water gets darker. “It’s getting much 48 (bad) down here,” Tom says as he looks 49 the rubbish moving around. 50 (sudden), a bright light appears and they find an ocean city. There they can see modern robot industry everywhere. A robot named Kael greets 51 (they), “Welcome!” “Why do you live here?” Mia asks. Kael says, “Because the land was too dirty before. It influenced us 52 (great).” “How does the city work?” Kael explains, “A 53 (research) taught us to use special technology here. This machine can clean the water, and that one can 54 (help) when emergency happens.” “When will the land become clean again?” Tom asks. Kael answers, “It depends 55 you humans. It will get better as long 56 you protect the planet. " “We should keep our world clean,” says Mia. “Starting tomorrow, I 57 (take) action to clean our planet. Who will join 58 (I)?” Everyone raises their hands. The world is 59 (develop) fast. We may face many 60 (challenge) problems, but if we work together, we will surely be able to protect the earth. 【答案】 46．the 47．with 48．worse 49．at 50．Suddenly 51．them 52．greatly 53．researcher 54．help 55．on 56．as 57．will take 58．me 59．developing 60．challenging 【导语】本文主要介绍了通过2150年学生参观水下世界的所见所闻，揭示了环境污染的严重性，并呼吁人类保护地球、共同行动。 【详解】46．句意：今天我们将乘船游览那个水下世界。根据语境，此处指代对话双方已知的特定水下世界（可能是学校安排好的目的地或当地著名景点），用定冠词the表示特指。 47．句意：你可以和你的伙伴一起把所有东西录成视频。表示“和……一起”，用介词with。 48．句意：汤姆看着漂浮的垃圾说：“这里的情况变得更糟了。”much后接形容词比较级，bad的比较级为worse。 49．句意：汤姆看着四处移动的垃圾。“look at”为固定短语，意为“看”。 50．句意：突然，一道亮光出现，他们发现了一座海底城市。修饰整个句子，应用副词，sudden的副词形式为suddenly，位于句首首字母大写。 51．句意：一个名叫Kael的机器人向他们打招呼：“欢迎！”动词greet后接宾语，应用人称代词的宾格，they的宾格为them。 52．句意：它极大地影响了我们。修饰动词“influenced”应用副词，great的副词形式为greatly。 53．句意：一位研究人员教我们在这里使用特殊技术。不定冠词A后接可数名词单数，research表示“研究”，其指人的名词形式为researcher（研究人员）。 54．句意：那台机器可以在紧急情况发生时提供帮助。情态动词can后接动词原形。 55．句意：这取决于你们人类。“depend on”为固定短语，意为“取决于、依靠”。 56．句意：只要你们保护地球，情况就会好转。“as long as”为固定连词短语，意为“只要”。 57．句意：从明天开始，我将采取行动清洁我们的星球。时间状语“Starting tomorrow”表示将来，应用一般将来时，主语为I，故填will take。 58．句意：谁愿意加入我？动词join后接宾语，应用人称代词的宾格，I的宾格为me。 59．句意：世界正在快速发展。根据上下文，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，develop的现在分词为developing。 60．句意：我们可能面临许多具有挑战性的问题。修饰名词“problems”应用形容词，challenge的形容词形式为challenging，意为“具有挑战性的”。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $