第6讲 Unit 3 核心词汇（暑假预习讲义）（知识全梳理&考点精准练）新六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第06讲 U3核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握饮食、食物主题词汇及各类词性转换； · 分清食材可数 / 不可数两种用法； · 掌握不定代词、each/every、plenty of 等限定词用法； · 能完成购物、野餐、健康饮食类对话与短文写作。 学习重点 · 名词、动词、形容词互相转换，国家 / 食物类变形； · 蔬菜、肉类完整 / 切碎时单复数区分； · 不定代词形容词后置、each 与 every 辨析； · plenty of、make a list、My pleasure 等固定短语； · 不规则名词复数变形。 学习难点 · 同类食材分场景可变 / 不可数易混淆； · each（个体）、every（全体）语义与用法区分； · 不定代词修饰形容词后置规则； · 不规则名词复数记忆与运用。 第一部分 词性变化 1. n. 盐 adj. 咸的 2. n. 产品 v. 生产；引起 n. 制造商 adj. 多产的；有效益的 n. 生产；产量 n. 生产力 3. n./v. 平衡；保持平衡 adj. 保持平衡的 4. pron. 大量 adj. 丰富的 5. v. 选择 n. 选择 6. n. 高兴；快乐【U】 adj. 令人愉快的；惬意的 v./int. 使开心；请 adj. 满意的；高兴的 7. n./v. 味道，品味；尝起来 adj. 美味的 8. n./v. 需要 adj. 必要的 adv. 必要地 n. 必需品 9. n./v. 意想不到的事；使…吃惊 adj. 意外的 adj. 令人惊讶的 10. v. 油煎 adj. 油炸的 11. adj. 最后的 adv. 最后 12. n. 俄罗斯 adj./ n. 俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人/语 第二部分 重点单词详解 考点1. .something pron.某事；某物 We know about the problem and we're trying to do something about it. 我们知道这个问题，我们正在努力做些什么。 【提示】something是不定代词，它所指代的对象不特定。任何事件或物品都可以用something来指代。 cook something的something就可以指代某种食物。当有形容词修饰something时，形容词置于其后。本句中的 something healthy指的就是“某种健康的食物”。 又如： He's telling us something funny.他正在给我们讲一件好玩的事情。 something作主语时,其后的动词要用单数形式。 如： Something strange is following me.有样奇怪的东西在跟着我。 cook sth for sb为某人烹饪 ；为某人做 【提示】也可以说成cook sb stho如： Dad cooked me lunch. =Dad cooked lunch for me.爸爸给我做了午餐。 on one's birthday 在某人生日那天 【提示】表示“在某人……岁生日”时，在birthday前加序数词,如： on Ben's twelfth birthday 在本12岁的生日时 【典例】 Something interesting is on today’s menu. （有趣的菜品在今日菜单上。形容词后置；不定代词作主语谓语用单数） 【即练 1】单项选择 He wants to cook for his grandma’s birthday. A. something delicious B. delicious something C. anything delicious D. delicious anything 【即练 2】句型转换 Something strange is in the fridge.（改为一般疑问句） strange in the fridge? 考点2. 食物类 beef 牛肉 May I have roast beef today?今天我可以点烤牛肉？（餐厅点餐） 【提示】beef是不可数名词。大多数情况下，肉类都是不可数的。如meat （肉）、mutton（羊肉）、pork（猪肉）、chicken（鸡肉）等都是不可数名词。 tofu n.豆腐 Today's first cold dish is a plate of tofu with preserved egg.今天的第一道凉菜是皮蛋拌豆腐。 【提示】tofu是不可数名词，也常说成bean curd 。 pepper n.舌甘椒 【提示】pepper在英式英语中也称为sweet pepper,在美式英语中常称为bell pepper［因为长得像“铃铛（bell） ”而得名］。很多蔬菜、水果在完整的情况下 是可数的，如orange （橙子）、cabbage （卷心菜）、lettuce（黄苣;生菜）、tomato （西红柿）、potato（马铃薯）等。它们被切碎或掰开后则不可数。试比较： I need to buy three peppers/a kilo of peppers at the market. 我要去菜场买 三只/一公斤甜椒。（完整的甜椒是可数的） Today, I'll cook fried beef with green pepper.今天我要做青椒炒牛肉丝。 （青椒炒之前肯定已经被切成了丝或者是块，此时pepper是不可数名词） cabbage n.卷心菜 Do you like cabbage?你喜欢（吃）卷心菜吗？（不可数） Buy a cabbage and some tomatoes on your way home.回家的路上买颗卷心 菜和几个西红柿。（可数） onion n.洋葱 I always cry when I chop onions.我切洋葱的时候都会流泪。（可数） Fry the onion and garlic for about two minutes.把洋葱和大蒜一起煽炒两分 钟左右。（不可数） carrot 胡萝卜 Cut the two carrots into slices first.先把两根胡萝卜切成丝。（可数） How about fried pork with carrot today?今天吃胡萝卜炒肉好吗？（不可数） watermelon n. 西瓜 The watermelon is so big.这个西瓜太大了吧。（可数） A small piece of watermelon for me is OK.给我一小片西瓜就好。（不可数） cucumber n. 黄瓜 May I have three cucumbers, please?可以给我三个黄瓜吗？（可数） There is tuna and cucumber in the sandwich.这三明治里有金枪鱼和黄瓜。 （不可数） ［提示］sea cucumber 海参 strawberry n.草莓 Strawberries go bad very quickly.草莓很容易变质。 pear n.梨 We have a pear tree in the yard.我们家院子里有棵梨树。 yogurt n.酸奶;一份酸奶 【提示】yogurt也常拼作yoghurt,通常作不可数名词使用。使用a yogurt 时，常常表示“一份酸奶”。 如： I usually have some yogurt for breakfast,我早餐会喝一点酸奶。 There is a strawberry yogurt for you.那儿有一份给你的草莓酸奶。 cheese n.干酪;奶酪 【提示】cheese通常作不可数名词。如： goat's cheese 山羊奶酪 a cheese salad 奶酪沙拉 a piece of cheese 一块奶酪 corn n.（小麦等）谷物；玉米 The corns are on sale in the supermarket.今日超市玉米特价。（可数） We feed the chickens with corn,我们用谷物喂养这些小鸡。（不可数） oil n.食用油 We usually cook with vegetable oil in our family.我们家通常用植物油 做菜。 salt n.盐；食盐 Pass the salt, please.请把盐递过来。 bean n.豆；豆科植物 I usually pick the beans out before I eat the fried rice,我吃炒饭前会把里面的豆子先挑出来。 These coffee beans smell nice.这些咖啡豆真好闻。 product n,产品；制品 We have a new range of skin-care products.我们有一系列新的护肤产品。 bean product 豆制品 Tofu is one of the popular bean products in our country. 豆腐是我国受欢迎的豆制品之一。 grain n.谷物；谷粒 Most Americans don't eat enough fruits, vegetables or grains. 大多数美国人水果、蔬菜和谷物的摄入量不足。 The hen ate the grains of com on the ground.母鸡啄食地上的玉米粒。 【典例】 1.I buy a cabbage on my way home.（完整蔬菜，可数） 2.I don’t like cabbage in soup.（切碎烹饪，不可数） 【即练 1】用 cabbage 正确形式填空 1.There is (cabbage) in the bowl. 2.I need two fresh (cabbage). 【即练 2】判断单复数正误，改错 I want three pepper for stir-fry. 考点3. each det. & pnm.（两个或以上的人或物中）各自，各个，每个 Each answer is worth 20 points.每题为 20 分。（each 修饰后面的 answer, 表示“每一个的”，相当于一个形容词） Each of the answers is worth 20 points.每道答题为 20 分。（each 指代 answers中的一个，相当于each answer,是一个代词） 【提示】each与every的区别 every强调全体的概念，与all相当;each强调个体概念。与almost .nearly 等连用时，常用every,不用each；和数词连用时，也只用every,如： Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。 Each student may have one book.每个学生都可以得到一本书。 Almost every student has read the book.差不多每个学生都读过这本书。 The buses go every 10 minutes.公共汽车每隔10分钟发一班车。 every指三个以上的人或物（含三个）的“每个"，each指两个以上的人或物（含两个）的“每个”，如： There are trees on each side of the road.路的两边都有树。 every只作形容词,不可单独使用;each可作代词或形容词,可单独使用,也 可接名词,还可接of短语，如： I have read each of his books.他写的每本书我都读过了。（不能用every） 一Red or blue?你要红的还是蓝的？ 一I will take one of each, please.请每种颜色给我一个。 food group食物组;食物类别 【提示】food group指的是一组具有相似营养特性或生物分类的食物集合。 show sb sth = show sth to sb向某人展示某物;教某人某物 She showed her students the technique. （ =She showed the technique to her students.）她向学生演示了那个技巧。 【提示】show后面还常跟“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”结构。在上面的句子中,how much to eat from each food group every day 是平衡膳食宝塔所展现的内容。又如： Can you show me how to do it?你能教我怎么做吗？ 【典例】 Each of the students has a shopping list.（each+of + 复数名词，谓语单数） 【即练 1】选词 each /every side of the street has fruit shops. 【即练 2】单项选择 student in our class likes healthy food. A. Each B. Every C. Both D. All 考点4. plenty pron.大量 一Do we need more milk?我们还需要再买点牛奶吗？ 一No. There's plenty in the fridge.不用。冰箱里还有很多。 （plenty 指代前面提及的milk,相当于plenty of milk） We had plenty to talk about.我们有说不完的话。（plenty 相当于a lot of things） plenty of 大量；很多的 【提示】plenty of与a lot of Jots of的意思和用法相近，用于表示事物数量多，可修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。 如： We have plenty of eggs in the cupboard.柜子里还有很多鸡蛋。 （修饰可数名词eggs） There‘s plenty of room for all of you!这里有足够的地方容纳你们所有的 人！［修饰不可数名词room（地方;空间）］ 【典例】 There is plenty of yogurt in the fridge.（plenty of 可修饰不可数名词） 【即练 1】翻译填空 冰箱里有很多西红柿。 There are tomatoes in the fridge. 【即练 2】同义句转换 We have lots of mutton at home. We have mutton at home. 考点5. .list n. 一览表；清单 Is your name on the list?你的名字在名单上吗？ 【提示】make a list of sth把 列个清单 Make a list of everything you need.把你需要的东西列个清单。 shopping list n.购物清单 She is making a shopping list for the picnic this weekend.她在为周末的野 餐列购物清单。 Owfew /fjui/ det. & adj.不多;很少 Few people understand the difference.很少有人了 解这个差别。 few有些;几个（用于可数名词之前） I'm only here for a few days.我只在这里待几天。 【典例】 She makes a list of all cooking ingredients. 【即练 1】首字母填空 Write a shopping l before going to the supermarket. 【即练 2】汉译英（短语） 列一份食材清单 考点6. pleasure n.高兴;快乐；愉快 He takes no pleasure in his work.他从他的工作中得不到丝毫乐趣。 It gives me great pleasure to introduce our guest.我很荣幸来介绍我们的嘉宾。 My pleasure.不客气，很乐意效劳。 【提示】“My pleasure. ”是对别人表示感谢的一种礼貌回答，也可以说成 “It's a pleasure. "，但不能说成“It's my pleasure. 如： 一 It's very kind of you to take some many gifts to us.带这么多礼物给我们你真是太好了！ 一 My pleasure/Ifs a pleasure.您别客气。 【典例】 —Thanks for teaching me to cook. —My pleasure. 【即练 1】情景选择 —Thank you for your recipe book. — A. My pleasure B. It’s OK C. You’re welcome too D. That’s right 【即练 2】词形转换 It’s my (please) to share delicious food with you. 一、单词拼写 1．The ketchup is made of ________ (tomato), garlic, onions, salt and peppers. 2．I hope the AI company will ________ (product) homework robots in the near future. 3．Everyone ________ (need) fresh air and enough water. 4．________ (skip) breakfast is not a healthy eating habit. 5．There is always a strange ________ of runners in the London Marathon. (collect) 6．Captain Jack hid several ________ of gold on his island. (safety) 7．Tina likes music and she can play different kinds of ________ (instrument). 8．The play had a great group of ________ and actors. (act) 9．These ________ (shelf) are not very good. 10．There are a lot of ________ (hero) in our country. 11．Two ________ (Frenchman) are taking photos in the park. 12．The farmer checked on the ________ in the barn to make sure they were healthy. (calf) 13．Diet and exercise are both important to our ________ .(healthy) 14．Could you tell me how to make such ________ food? (taste) 15．She has a ________ egg and a cup of coffee. (boil) 16．We are ________ to know his death. (surprise) 17．My grandma was ________ with the gifts from his grandchildren. (please) 18．There are many ________ (activity) in our school. 19．Tu Youyou is one of my favorite ______ (science). 20．Who are the ________ (woman) over there? 21．Look at these ________ (photo). I took them last winter. 22．The fireman has saved thousands of ________. (life) 23．The woman takes some nice skirts in all ________ (color). 24．________, the little boy got back home by taxi. (final) 25．My sister thought the dish was very ________. (taste) 26．The babies opened their little ________ (mouth) for food. 27．There are many ________ (tree) in our schoolyard. 28．Sometimes we have to make a ________ between family and career. (choose) 29．There are some ________ (story) in this book. 30．My uncle has many ________ (sheep) on his farm. 二、补全对话 Choose the correct sentences from the box to complete the conversation.（从方框中选择正确的句子补全对话，其中有一个多余选项） Sam: Hi, Lily! Are you ready for the picnic tomorrow? I can help you shop in the supermarket. Lily: Hi, Sam! 31 We need to buy some healthy food for our picnic, right? Sam: Yes, that’s great. 32 Apples and bananas do good to us. They’re easy to carry and won’t go bad easily. Lily: What about something to eat with the fruits? Maybe some sandwiches with chicken salad? Sam: Perfect! 33 They’re low in calories (卡路里) and high in nutrients (营养). Lily: 34 Sam: I think water is better. It’s healthier than juice. Lily: I agree. What about some nuts? Sam: That would be great, Lily. Lily: With these delicious foods, we’ll have an enjoyable picnic! 35 Sam: You’re welcome. A．Let’s start with fruits. B．For drinks, should we bring water or juice? C．I’m making a shopping list. D．What are we shopping for? E．Thank you for your help. F．And we can add some carrots and cucumbers. A: Hi, Lisa. What are you eating for lunch? B: I have some rice, chicken, and salad. 36 How about you? A: A sandwich and an apple. I like eating different kinds of grains and fruit. B: 37 A: Thanks! But sometimes I enjoy having some ice cream. 38 B: No, I don’t. I only eat it once a month. A: Great! 39 B: Yes, I can. My mom taught me. A: Awesome! Let’s cook a healthy meal together this weekend. B: Good idea! 40 A．I think it will help us stay healthy. B．That’s a good habit. C．Do you often eat ice cream? D．I want to have a healthy diet. E．Can you cook healthy meals? 三、完形填空 You can buy chewing gum (口香糖) in nearly every country of the world. But it wasn’t always like that. The American Indians were the first people to chew gum. This gum 41 a special kind of tree that grew on their land. In 1848, a sailor called John Curtis began selling it. He was the first person to sell chewing gum. The gum he sold cost just a few cents for two pieces. It became 42 very quickly even though it was very hard to chew. Nowadays, other things are added to the gum to make it soft and sweet. By 1890, there were hundreds of different chewing gums. The most famous name in chewing gum, however, is probably William Wrigley. He 43 a lot of money in advertising and even sent free pieces of gum to children on their birthdays. He also said that chewing gum helped people work better and that it stopped people 44 feeling tired. Although today millions of people chew gum, not 45 thinks it is a good thing to do. Many people think it is dirty. The Singapore government does not allow people to buy chewing gum. One reason for this is that when some people have chewed all the taste out of their piece of gum, they take it out of their 46 and put it onto the backs of seats or other places. What will you do after you chew the gum? 41．A．came from B．fell off C．went back D．got to 42．A．delicious B．popular C．friendly D．nice 43．A．cost B．took C．used D．spent 44．A．up B．from C．on D．in 45．A．everyone B．anyone C．someone D．no one 46．A．ears B．lips C．mouths D．eyes 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第06讲 U3核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握饮食、食物主题词汇及各类词性转换； · 分清食材可数 / 不可数两种用法； · 掌握不定代词、each/every、plenty of 等限定词用法； · 能完成购物、野餐、健康饮食类对话与短文写作。 学习重点 · 名词、动词、形容词互相转换，国家 / 食物类变形； · 蔬菜、肉类完整 / 切碎时单复数区分； · 不定代词形容词后置、each 与 every 辨析； · plenty of、make a list、My pleasure 等固定短语； · 不规则名词复数变形。 学习难点 · 同类食材分场景可变 / 不可数易混淆； · each（个体）、every（全体）语义与用法区分； · 不定代词修饰形容词后置规则； · 不规则名词复数记忆与运用。 第一部分 词性变化 二 、词性变化默写版： 1. n. 盐 adj. 咸的 2. n. 产品 v. 生产；引起 n. 制造商 adj. 多产的；有效益的 n. 生产；产量 n. 生产力 3. n./v. 平衡；保持平衡 adj. 保持平衡的 4. pron. 大量 adj. 丰富的 5. v. 选择 n. 选择 6. n. 高兴；快乐【U】 adj. 令人愉快的；惬意的 v./int. 使开心；请 adj. 满意的；高兴的 7. n./v. 味道，品味；尝起来 adj. 美味的 8. n./v. 需要 adj. 必要的 adv. 必要地 n. 必需品 9. n./v. 意想不到的事；使…吃惊 adj. 意外的 adj. 令人惊讶的 10. v. 油煎 adj. 油炸的 11. adj. 最后的 adv. 最后 12. n. 俄罗斯 adj./ n. 俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人/语 二、词性变化： 1. salt n. 盐 salty adj. 咸的 2. product n. 产品 produce v. 生产；引起 producer n. 制造商 productive adj. 多产的；有效益的 production n. 生产；产量 productivity n. 生产力 3. balance n./v. 平衡；保持平衡 balanced adj. 保持平衡的 4. plenty pron. 大量 plentiful adj. 丰富的 5. choose v. 选择 choice n. 选择 6. pleasure n. 高兴；快乐【U】 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；惬意的 please v./int. 使开心；请 pleased adj. 满意的；高兴的 7. taste n./v. 味道，品味；尝起来 tasty adj. 美味的 8. need n./v. 需要 necessary adj. 必要的 necessarily adv. 必要地 necessity n. 必需品 9. surprise n./v. 意想不到的事；使…吃惊 surprised adj. 意外的 surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 10. fry v. 油煎 fried adj. 油炸的 11. final adj. 最后的 finally adv. 最后 12. Russia n. 俄罗斯 Russian adj./ n. 俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人/语 第二部分 重点单词详解 考点1. .something pron.某事；某物 We know about the problem and we're trying to do something about it. 我们知道这个问题，我们正在努力做些什么。 【提示】something是不定代词，它所指代的对象不特定。任何事件或物品都可以用something来指代。 cook something的something就可以指代某种食物。当有形容词修饰something时，形容词置于其后。本句中的 something healthy指的就是“某种健康的食物”。 又如： He's telling us something funny.他正在给我们讲一件好玩的事情。 something作主语时,其后的动词要用单数形式。 如： Something strange is following me.有样奇怪的东西在跟着我。 cook sth for sb为某人烹饪 ；为某人做 【提示】也可以说成cook sb stho如： Dad cooked me lunch. =Dad cooked lunch for me.爸爸给我做了午餐。 on one's birthday 在某人生日那天 【提示】表示“在某人……岁生日”时，在birthday前加序数词,如： on Ben's twelfth birthday 在本12岁的生日时 【典例】 Something interesting is on today’s menu. （有趣的菜品在今日菜单上。形容词后置；不定代词作主语谓语用单数） 【即练 1】单项选择 He wants to cook for his grandma’s birthday. A. something delicious B. delicious something C. anything delicious D. delicious anything 答案：A 【即练 2】句型转换 Something strange is in the fridge.（改为一般疑问句） strange in the fridge? 答案：Is anything 考点2. 食物类 beef 牛肉 May I have roast beef today?今天我可以点烤牛肉？（餐厅点餐） 【提示】beef是不可数名词。大多数情况下，肉类都是不可数的。如meat （肉）、mutton（羊肉）、pork（猪肉）、chicken（鸡肉）等都是不可数名词。 tofu n.豆腐 Today's first cold dish is a plate of tofu with preserved egg.今天的第一道凉菜是皮蛋拌豆腐。 【提示】tofu是不可数名词，也常说成bean curd 。 pepper n.舌甘椒 【提示】pepper在英式英语中也称为sweet pepper,在美式英语中常称为bell pepper［因为长得像“铃铛（bell） ”而得名］。很多蔬菜、水果在完整的情况下 是可数的，如orange （橙子）、cabbage （卷心菜）、lettuce（黄苣;生菜）、tomato （西红柿）、potato（马铃薯）等。它们被切碎或掰开后则不可数。试比较： I need to buy three peppers/a kilo of peppers at the market. 我要去菜场买 三只/一公斤甜椒。（完整的甜椒是可数的） Today, I'll cook fried beef with green pepper.今天我要做青椒炒牛肉丝。 （青椒炒之前肯定已经被切成了丝或者是块，此时pepper是不可数名词） cabbage n.卷心菜 Do you like cabbage?你喜欢（吃）卷心菜吗？（不可数） Buy a cabbage and some tomatoes on your way home.回家的路上买颗卷心 菜和几个西红柿。（可数） onion n.洋葱 I always cry when I chop onions.我切洋葱的时候都会流泪。（可数） Fry the onion and garlic for about two minutes.把洋葱和大蒜一起煽炒两分 钟左右。（不可数） carrot 胡萝卜 Cut the two carrots into slices first.先把两根胡萝卜切成丝。（可数） How about fried pork with carrot today?今天吃胡萝卜炒肉好吗？（不可数） watermelon n. 西瓜 The watermelon is so big.这个西瓜太大了吧。（可数） A small piece of watermelon for me is OK.给我一小片西瓜就好。（不可数） cucumber n. 黄瓜 May I have three cucumbers, please?可以给我三个黄瓜吗？（可数） There is tuna and cucumber in the sandwich.这三明治里有金枪鱼和黄瓜。 （不可数） ［提示］sea cucumber 海参 strawberry n.草莓 Strawberries go bad very quickly.草莓很容易变质。 pear n.梨 We have a pear tree in the yard.我们家院子里有棵梨树。 yogurt n.酸奶;一份酸奶 【提示】yogurt也常拼作yoghurt,通常作不可数名词使用。使用a yogurt 时，常常表示“一份酸奶”。 如： I usually have some yogurt for breakfast,我早餐会喝一点酸奶。 There is a strawberry yogurt for you.那儿有一份给你的草莓酸奶。 cheese n.干酪;奶酪 【提示】cheese通常作不可数名词。如： goat's cheese 山羊奶酪 a cheese salad 奶酪沙拉 a piece of cheese 一块奶酪 corn n.（小麦等）谷物；玉米 The corns are on sale in the supermarket.今日超市玉米特价。（可数） We feed the chickens with corn,我们用谷物喂养这些小鸡。（不可数） oil n.食用油 We usually cook with vegetable oil in our family.我们家通常用植物油 做菜。 salt n.盐；食盐 Pass the salt, please.请把盐递过来。 bean n.豆；豆科植物 I usually pick the beans out before I eat the fried rice,我吃炒饭前会把里面的豆子先挑出来。 These coffee beans smell nice.这些咖啡豆真好闻。 product n,产品；制品 We have a new range of skin-care products.我们有一系列新的护肤产品。 bean product 豆制品 Tofu is one of the popular bean products in our country. 豆腐是我国受欢迎的豆制品之一。 grain n.谷物；谷粒 Most Americans don't eat enough fruits, vegetables or grains. 大多数美国人水果、蔬菜和谷物的摄入量不足。 The hen ate the grains of com on the ground.母鸡啄食地上的玉米粒。 【典例】 1.I buy a cabbage on my way home.（完整蔬菜，可数） 2.I don’t like cabbage in soup.（切碎烹饪，不可数） 【即练 1】用 cabbage 正确形式填空 1.There is (cabbage) in the bowl. 2.I need two fresh (cabbage). 答案：1. cabbage 2. cabbages 【即练 2】判断单复数正误，改错 I want three pepper for stir-fry. 改错：pepper→peppers 考点3. each det. & pnm.（两个或以上的人或物中）各自，各个，每个 Each answer is worth 20 points.每题为 20 分。（each 修饰后面的 answer, 表示“每一个的”，相当于一个形容词） Each of the answers is worth 20 points.每道答题为 20 分。（each 指代 answers中的一个，相当于each answer,是一个代词） 【提示】each与every的区别 every强调全体的概念，与all相当;each强调个体概念。与almost .nearly 等连用时，常用every,不用each；和数词连用时，也只用every,如： Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。 Each student may have one book.每个学生都可以得到一本书。 Almost every student has read the book.差不多每个学生都读过这本书。 The buses go every 10 minutes.公共汽车每隔10分钟发一班车。 every指三个以上的人或物（含三个）的“每个"，each指两个以上的人或物（含两个）的“每个”，如： There are trees on each side of the road.路的两边都有树。 every只作形容词,不可单独使用;each可作代词或形容词,可单独使用,也 可接名词,还可接of短语，如： I have read each of his books.他写的每本书我都读过了。（不能用every） 一Red or blue?你要红的还是蓝的？ 一I will take one of each, please.请每种颜色给我一个。 food group食物组;食物类别 【提示】food group指的是一组具有相似营养特性或生物分类的食物集合。 show sb sth = show sth to sb向某人展示某物;教某人某物 She showed her students the technique. （ =She showed the technique to her students.）她向学生演示了那个技巧。 【提示】show后面还常跟“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”结构。在上面的句子中,how much to eat from each food group every day 是平衡膳食宝塔所展现的内容。又如： Can you show me how to do it?你能教我怎么做吗？ 【典例】 Each of the students has a shopping list.（each+of + 复数名词，谓语单数） 【即练 1】选词 each /every side of the street has fruit shops. 答案：Each 【即练 2】单项选择 student in our class likes healthy food. A. Each B. Every C. Both D. All 答案：B 考点4. plenty pron.大量 一Do we need more milk?我们还需要再买点牛奶吗？ 一No. There's plenty in the fridge.不用。冰箱里还有很多。 （plenty 指代前面提及的milk,相当于plenty of milk） We had plenty to talk about.我们有说不完的话。（plenty 相当于a lot of things） plenty of 大量；很多的 【提示】plenty of与a lot of Jots of的意思和用法相近，用于表示事物数量多，可修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。 如： We have plenty of eggs in the cupboard.柜子里还有很多鸡蛋。 （修饰可数名词eggs） There‘s plenty of room for all of you!这里有足够的地方容纳你们所有的 人！［修饰不可数名词room（地方;空间）］ 【典例】 There is plenty of yogurt in the fridge.（plenty of 可修饰不可数名词） 【即练 1】翻译填空 冰箱里有很多西红柿。 There are tomatoes in the fridge. 答案：plenty of 【即练 2】同义句转换 We have lots of mutton at home. We have mutton at home. 答案：plenty 考点5. .list n. 一览表；清单 Is your name on the list?你的名字在名单上吗？ 【提示】make a list of sth把 列个清单 Make a list of everything you need.把你需要的东西列个清单。 shopping list n.购物清单 She is making a shopping list for the picnic this weekend.她在为周末的野 餐列购物清单。 Owfew /fjui/ det. & adj.不多;很少 Few people understand the difference.很少有人了 解这个差别。 few有些;几个（用于可数名词之前） I'm only here for a few days.我只在这里待几天。 【典例】 She makes a list of all cooking ingredients. 【即练 1】首字母填空 Write a shopping l before going to the supermarket. 答案：list 【即练 2】汉译英（短语） 列一份食材清单 答案：make a list of ingredients 考点6. pleasure n.高兴;快乐；愉快 He takes no pleasure in his work.他从他的工作中得不到丝毫乐趣。 It gives me great pleasure to introduce our guest.我很荣幸来介绍我们的嘉宾。 My pleasure.不客气，很乐意效劳。 【提示】“My pleasure. ”是对别人表示感谢的一种礼貌回答，也可以说成 “It's a pleasure. "，但不能说成“It's my pleasure. 如： 一 It's very kind of you to take some many gifts to us.带这么多礼物给我们你真是太好了！ 一 My pleasure/Ifs a pleasure.您别客气。 【典例】 —Thanks for teaching me to cook. —My pleasure. 【即练 1】情景选择 —Thank you for your recipe book. — A. My pleasure B. It’s OK C. You’re welcome too D. That’s right 答案：A 【即练 2】词形转换 It’s my (please) to share delicious food with you. 答案：pleasure 一、单词拼写 1．The ketchup is made of ________ (tomato), garlic, onions, salt and peppers. 【答案】tomatoes 【详解】句意：番茄酱是由西红柿、大蒜、洋葱、盐和辣椒制成的。根据“The ketchup is made of... garlic, onions, salt and peppers.”及提示词可知此处表示“西红柿”tomato，可数名词，番茄酱由很多西红柿做成，用复数形式。故填tomatoes。 2．I hope the AI company will ________ (product) homework robots in the near future. 【答案】produce 【详解】句意：我希望人工智能公司在不久的将来生产作业机器人。product“产品”，名词。will后接动词原形，结合提示词可知，空处应填动词produce“生产”。故填produce。 3．Everyone ________ (need) fresh air and enough water. 【答案】needs 【详解】句意：每个人都需要新鲜空气和足够的水。句子描述的是客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语“Everyone”为第三人称单数，谓语动词need“需要”应用三单形式needs。故填needs。 4．________ (skip) breakfast is not a healthy eating habit. 【答案】Skipping 【详解】句意：不吃早餐不是一种健康的饮食习惯。skip“略过”，此处在句中作主语，用动名词形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Skipping。 5．There is always a strange ________ of runners in the London Marathon. (collect) 【答案】collection 【详解】句意：伦敦马拉松比赛总有一群奇怪的选手。collect“收集”，是动词，有不定冠词a修饰，用单数名词，a collection of“一群”，故填collection。 6．Captain Jack hid several ________ of gold on his island. (safety) 【答案】safeties 【详解】句意：杰克船长在他的岛上藏了一些黄金安全场所。safety“安全场所”，有several修饰，用复数名词，故填safeties。 7．Tina likes music and she can play different kinds of ________ (instrument). 【答案】instruments 【详解】句意：Tina喜欢音乐，她会弹奏很多不同种类的乐器。different kinds of后接名词复数，instrument复数加s。故填instruments。 8．The play had a great group of ________ and actors. (act) 【答案】actresses 【详解】句意：这出戏有很多演员。根据“The play had a great group of ... and actors.”可推出这个团队里有女演员和男演员，actress“女演员”，此处用复数。故填actresses。 9．These ________ (shelf) are not very good. 【答案】shelves 【详解】句意：这些架子不是很好。these修饰名词复数。故填shelves。 10．There are a lot of ________ (hero) in our country. 【答案】heroes 【详解】句意：我们国家有很多英雄。根据句中的 “a lot of” 可知，空处应填可数名词复数形式，hero的复数形式是heroes。故填heroes。 11．Two ________ (Frenchman) are taking photos in the park. 【答案】Frenchmen 【详解】句意：两个法国人在公园拍照。Frenchman表示“法国人”，此处有two修饰，应使用其复数形式Frenchmen。故填Frenchmen。 12．The farmer checked on the ________ in the barn to make sure they were healthy. (calf) 【答案】calves 【详解】句意：农夫检查了牛棚里的小牛，以确保它们是健康的。根据“they were healthy”可知，此处应填所给单词calf“小牛”的复数形式calves。故填calves。 13．Diet and exercise are both important to our ________ .(healthy) 【答案】health 【详解】句意：饮食与锻炼对我们的健康同样重要。our后接healthy的名词形式，表示我们的健康。故填health。 14．Could you tell me how to make such ________ food? (taste) 【答案】tasty 【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎么做这么好吃的食物吗？分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词形式，修饰名词“food”，taste的形容词形式为tasty“美味的”。故填tasty。 15．She has a ________ egg and a cup of coffee. (boil) 【答案】boiled 【详解】句意：她有一个煮鸡蛋和一杯咖啡。boiled egg“水煮蛋”，形容词作定语。故填boiled。 16．We are ________ to know his death. (surprise) 【答案】surprised 【详解】句意：我们对他的死颇为惊讶。根据“We are...to know his death.”以及所给单词可知，应填surprise的形容词形式surprised“感到惊讶的”，说明主语We的心理活动。故填surprised。 17．My grandma was ________ with the gifts from his grandchildren. (please) 【答案】pleased 【详解】句意：我的奶奶对孙辈们的礼物感到满意。be pleased with“对……感到满意”，空处用形容词pleased作表语。故填pleased。 18．There are many ________ (activity) in our school. 【答案】activities 【详解】句意：我们学校有很多活动。根据所给词可知，activity“活动”，可数名词，又根据空格前“many”后跟可数名词复数，所以此处应该填入其复数形式activities，作主语名词。故填activities。 19．Tu Youyou is one of my favorite ______ (science). 【答案】scientists 【详解】句意：屠呦呦是我最喜爱的科学家之一。根据“Tu Youyou is one of my favorite…”及提示词可知，此处需要一个表示“人”的名词，science意为“科学”，对应的表示职业的名词是“scientist”，意为“科学家”；one of+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，scientist复数为“scientists”。故填scientists。 20．Who are the ________ (woman) over there? 【答案】women 【详解】句意：那边的那些女士是谁？根据“are”可知，应使用名词复数形式，woman的复数是women。故填women。 21．Look at these ________ (photo). I took them last winter. 【答案】photos 【详解】句意：看这些照片。我去年冬天拍摄的。photo“照片”，these修饰可数名词复数，故填photos。 22．The fireman has saved thousands of ________. (life) 【答案】lives 【详解】句意：消防队员已经救了成千上万条人命。“life”生命，可数名词；根据“thousands of”可知，此处使用复数形式。故填lives。 23．The woman takes some nice skirts in all ________ (color). 【答案】colors 【详解】句意：这个女人买了一些各种颜色的漂亮裙子。color颜色，前面有all(所有)，可知不止一种颜色，故color需要用复数colors来表达各种颜色。故填colors。 24．________, the little boy got back home by taxi. (final) 【答案】Finally 【详解】句意：最后，这个小男孩乘出租车回到了家。此处在句中修饰整个句子，用副词形式，句首需大写首字母。故填Finally。 25．My sister thought the dish was very ________. (taste) 【答案】tasty 【详解】句意：我妹妹觉得这道菜非常美味。根据“the dish was very...”以及所给单词可知，应填taste的形容词形式tasty“美味的”，作表语。故填tasty。 26．The babies opened their little ________ (mouth) for food. 【答案】mouths 【详解】句意：婴儿张开小嘴要吃东西。根据“babies”可知此处应是复数，mouth“嘴巴”的复数形式是mouths。故填mouths。 27．There are many ________ (tree) in our schoolyard. 【答案】trees 【详解】句意：我们的校园里有很多树。“many”修饰可数名词复数，“tree”的复数是“trees”。故填trees。 28．Sometimes we have to make a ________ between family and career. (choose) 【答案】choice 【详解】句意：有时我们不得不在家庭和事业之间做出选择。choose“选择”，动词，再结合语境及“make a…”可知，此处应用其对应的名词单数形式choice与之构成动词短语，“make a choice”意为“做决定”。故填choice。 29．There are some ________ (story) in this book. 【答案】stories 【详解】句意：这本书里有一些故事。句中“some”后接可数名词复数，story的复数形式为stories。故填stories。 30．My uncle has many ________ (sheep) on his farm. 【答案】sheep 【详解】句意：我的叔叔在他的农场里有很多绵羊。句中many后需要搭配可数名词复数，提示词sheep是单复数同形的特殊名词，它的复数形式不变，仍写作sheep，故填sheep。 二、补全对话 Choose the correct sentences from the box to complete the conversation.（从方框中选择正确的句子补全对话，其中有一个多余选项） Sam: Hi, Lily! Are you ready for the picnic tomorrow? I can help you shop in the supermarket. Lily: Hi, Sam! 31 We need to buy some healthy food for our picnic, right? Sam: Yes, that’s great. 32 Apples and bananas do good to us. They’re easy to carry and won’t go bad easily. Lily: What about something to eat with the fruits? Maybe some sandwiches with chicken salad? Sam: Perfect! 33 They’re low in calories (卡路里) and high in nutrients (营养). Lily: 34 Sam: I think water is better. It’s healthier than juice. Lily: I agree. What about some nuts? Sam: That would be great, Lily. Lily: With these delicious foods, we’ll have an enjoyable picnic! 35 Sam: You’re welcome. A．Let’s start with fruits. B．For drinks, should we bring water or juice? C．I’m making a shopping list. D．What are we shopping for? E．Thank you for your help. F．And we can add some carrots and cucumbers. 【答案】31．C 32．A 33．F 34．B 35．E 【导语】本文是一个关于野餐前购物准备的英语对话。 【详解】31．根据“We need to buy some healthy food for our picnic, right?”可知，莉莉回应山姆，说明自己正在为野餐做准备，选项C“我正在列购物清单。”符合语境。故选C。 32．根据“Apples and bananas do good to us.”可知，苹果和香蕉都是水果，因此此处山姆建议先买水果，选项A“让我们从水果开始吧。”符合语境。故选A。 33．根据“They’re low in calories (卡路里) and high in nutrients (营养).”可知，此处山姆在补充说明莉莉提到的食物的优点，选项F“我们可以加一些胡萝卜和黄瓜。”符合语境，胡萝卜和黄瓜热量低，营养高。故选F。 34．根据“I think water is better. It’s healthier than juice.”可知，此处莉莉在询问山姆关于饮料的选择，选项B“对于饮料，我们应该带水还是果汁？”符合语境。故选B。 35．根据“You’re welcome.”可知，此处莉莉在感谢山姆的帮助，选项E“谢谢你的帮助。”符合语境。故选E。 A: Hi, Lisa. What are you eating for lunch? B: I have some rice, chicken, and salad. 36 How about you? A: A sandwich and an apple. I like eating different kinds of grains and fruit. B: 37 A: Thanks! But sometimes I enjoy having some ice cream. 38 B: No, I don’t. I only eat it once a month. A: Great! 39 B: Yes, I can. My mom taught me. A: Awesome! Let’s cook a healthy meal together this weekend. B: Good idea! 40 A．I think it will help us stay healthy. B．That’s a good habit. C．Do you often eat ice cream? D．I want to have a healthy diet. E．Can you cook healthy meals? 【答案】36．D 37．B 38．C 39．E 40．A 【导语】本文是A与莉萨关于午餐和健康饮食的对话，两人交流了午餐内容、饮食喜好、吃冰淇淋的频率，还提到了烹饪健康餐的能力，最终约定周末一起做健康餐。 【详解】36．根据“I have some rice, chicken, and salad.”以及后文两人讨论健康饮食相关话题（如谷物、水果、少吃冰淇淋），说明莉萨此处是解释自己吃这些食物的原因——追求健康饮食。选项D“我想拥有健康的饮食。”符合语境。故选D。 37．根据“I like eating different kinds of grains and fruit.”可知，A分享了自己喜欢吃谷物和水果的习惯，莉萨需要对这个健康习惯给出正面评价。选项B“那是个好习惯。”符合语境。故选B。 38．根据“No, I don’t. I only eat it once a month.”可知，莉萨用“No”否定回应，且提到吃冰淇淋的频率（每月一次），说明A的问题是询问莉萨是否经常吃冰淇淋。选项C“你经常吃冰淇淋吗？”符合语境。故选C。 39．根据“Yes, I can. My mom taught me.”可知，B用“Yes, I can”肯定回应，说明A的问题是询问莉萨是否具备烹饪健康餐的能力。选项E“你会做健康餐吗？”符合语境。故选E。 40．根据“Let’s cook a healthy meal together this weekend.”以及“Good idea!”可知，两人约定周末一起做健康餐，B此处需要补充对这个约定的正面看法。选项A“我觉得这会帮助我们保持健康。”符合语境。故选A。 三、完形填空 You can buy chewing gum (口香糖) in nearly every country of the world. But it wasn’t always like that. The American Indians were the first people to chew gum. This gum 41 a special kind of tree that grew on their land. In 1848, a sailor called John Curtis began selling it. He was the first person to sell chewing gum. The gum he sold cost just a few cents for two pieces. It became 42 very quickly even though it was very hard to chew. Nowadays, other things are added to the gum to make it soft and sweet. By 1890, there were hundreds of different chewing gums. The most famous name in chewing gum, however, is probably William Wrigley. He 43 a lot of money in advertising and even sent free pieces of gum to children on their birthdays. He also said that chewing gum helped people work better and that it stopped people 44 feeling tired. Although today millions of people chew gum, not 45 thinks it is a good thing to do. Many people think it is dirty. The Singapore government does not allow people to buy chewing gum. One reason for this is that when some people have chewed all the taste out of their piece of gum, they take it out of their 46 and put it onto the backs of seats or other places. What will you do after you chew the gum? 41．A．came from B．fell off C．went back D．got to 42．A．delicious B．popular C．friendly D．nice 43．A．cost B．took C．used D．spent 44．A．up B．from C．on D．in 45．A．everyone B．anyone C．someone D．no one 46．A．ears B．lips C．mouths D．eyes 【答案】41．A 42．B 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了口香糖的来历以及它的发展史。虽然现在口香糖风靡世界，但是，并不是所有的国家都欢迎它。正所谓万物都具有两面性，处理好了也就化弊为利了。 【详解】41．句意：这种口香糖来自他们土地上生长的一种特殊的树。 came from来自；fell off跌落；went back回去；got to不得不。根据“a special kind of tree that grew on their land.”可知，此处指口香糖的来源，came from符合，故选A。 42．句意：它很快就流行起来，尽管它很难咀嚼。 delicious美味的；popular流行的；friendly友好的；nice美好的。根据“very quickly even though it was very hard to chew.”可知，此处表达口香糖很快流行起来，故选B。 43．句意：他在广告上花了很多钱，甚至在孩子们生日的时候送给他们免费的口香糖。 cost花费，主语是物；took花费，常用于花时间；used使用；spent花费，主语是人。根据“He …a lot of money in advertising”可知，主语为人，此处指花费金钱，spent符合，故选D。 44．句意：他还说，嚼口香糖可以帮助人们更好地工作，并且可以防止人们感到疲劳。 up向上；from来自；on在……之上；in在……内。stop sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，固定搭配，故选B。 45．句意：虽然今天有数百万人嚼口香糖，但并不是每个人都认为这是一件好事。 everyone每个人；anyone任何人；someone有人；no one没有人。根据“not … thinks it is a good thing to do”可知，此处表达并不是每个人都认为这是一件好事，故选A。 46．句意：其中一个原因是，当一些人咀嚼完口香糖的味道后，他们会把口香糖从嘴里拿出来，放在座位后面或其他地方。 ears耳朵；lips嘴唇；mouths嘴巴；eyes眼睛。根据“they take it out of their”可知是把口香糖从嘴里取出来，故选C。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $