第01讲 Unit 1核心语法：一般现在时（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第01讲 U1核心语法：一般现在时 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 熟练掌握一般现在时中be动词（am/is/are）的基础用法、缩写规则，能正确变换肯定、否定、一般疑问句式； 2. 掌握实义动词第三人称单数的变化规则，熟记一般现在时的基础核心用法，适配日常场景表达； 3. 能精准识别常见时间标志词，区分一般现在时与现在进行时、一般过去时的基础语境差异； 4. 结合课本假期主题语境，能运用一般现在时描述日常习惯、客观事实，完成基础习题和简单语篇表达。 学习重点 1. be动词am/is/are的人称搭配、常规缩写及不可缩写的特殊情况，熟练完成句式转换； 2. 实义动词三单的四类基础变化规则，能准确写出动词第三人称单数形式； 3. 一般现在时两大核心用法：描述日常习惯性动作、客观事实与真理； 4. 基础主谓一致规则，掌握课内高频固定搭配，适配上海六年级常考题型。 学习难点 1. 结合语境精准区分：一般现在时表常态习惯、现在进行时表当下正在发生的动作； 2. 掌握if引导从句的基础时态规则（主将从现），攻克时态易错点； 3. 灵活运用主谓一致规则，解决单数、复数主语对应的动词变形问题； 4. 在单选、语法填空、短文题型中，综合运用一般现在时知识点完成解题与语篇输出。 （一）be 的一般现在时 动词be 的三种变化 （am，is，are） 我( I )用am 你( you )用are is 用于他( he ) 她( she ) 它( it ) 单数名词用is 复数名词都用are I am a student. 我是一名学生。 It is a cat. 它是一只猫。 We are friends. 我们是朋友。 These books are new. 这些书是新的。 be动词的一般现在时的 否定形式 在be动词后直接加not I am=I’m is not=isn’t are not=aren’t I am not a boy. 我不是男孩。 He is not English. 他不是英国人。 be动词的一般现在时的 一般疑问句形式 be动词提前到句首， 并在句末加上问号 be 动词+ 主语 + 其他部分+？‌ —Are you a teacher? —Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. —Is he in the classroom? —Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. be动词am，is，are 与其前后词的缩写 I am = I’m You are = You’re He is = He’s She is = She’s What is= What’s It is = It’s is not = isn’t are not = aren’t Where is=Where’s Who is=Who’s My name is = My name’s be动词不可缩写的情况 （1）am not不可缩写； （2）this is不可缩写； （3）肯定的简略回答中不能缩写，如：“Yes, I am.”不能写成“Yes, I’m.”。 （二）一般现在时的用法 类别 规则说明 例句 经常性、习惯性动作 / 存在状态 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与频度副词连用 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。These T - shirts are new. 这些 T 恤衫是新的。 客观事实、真理 用于表达客观事实、真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 时间、条件状语从句表将来 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 按计划 / 安排表将来 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作（限于 start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place 等词 ） The train leaves at 8 o'clock. 火车 8 点发车。（示例，原内容未给对应例句，可自行补充这类动词相关合理例句 ） （三）一般现在时的构成形式 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i，再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are 题型一：三单形式的变化规则 【典例】 —Look! The boy in blue ________ a science magazine. —Yes, he always ________ reading during break time. A．reads; is enjoying B．is reading; enjoys C．read; is enjoying D．is reading; is enjoying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩正在读一本科学杂志。——是的，他总是在课间休息时享受阅读。 考查动词时态。reads读，用于一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；is enjoying正在享受，用于现在进行时；is reading正在读，用于现在进行时；enjoys享受，用于一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。分析句子结构及结合Look可知，第一空表示正在发生的动作，时态应用现在进行时，其结构为“be doing”；再结合第二空所在句中的频率副词always及选项可知，第二空表示习惯性行为，时态为一般现在时，应用动词三单形式作谓语。故选B。 【即练1】 —It will be a sunny day tomorrow. Let’s climb the mountain with Amy! —Sounds great! But she ________ Beijing soon. A．left for B．is going to leave for C．am going to leaving for D．was leaving for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——明天将是一个晴天。我们和艾米一起去爬山吧！——听起来很棒！但她很快就要动身去北京了。 根据时间状语“soon”可知动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时“be going to”结构。主语she是第三人称单数，be动词应用is，to后接动词原形。应填is going to leave for。 【即练2】 She ________ to the park every Sunday and she ________ there last Sunday. A．goes; goes B．went; goes C．goes; went D．went; went 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她每个周日都去公园，并且她上周日去了那里。 根据时间状语every Sunday可知，第一个空格处的时态为一般现在时，主语 She 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用goes；根据时间状语last Sunday可知，第二个空格处的时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式went。 【即练3】 He ________ go to the zoo during the festival holiday. A．don’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．aren’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他在节日假期不去动物园。 don’t（用于非第三人称单数主语的否定）；doesn’t（用于第三人称单数主语的否定，后接动词原形）；isn’t（be动词否定，后接形容词或名词）；aren’t（be动词复数否定）。根据主语“He”为第三人称单数，且谓语动词“go”为实义动词原形，其否定形式需借助助动词doesn’t，doesn’t符合语法规则及语境。 题型二：表示经常性的动作/状态 【典例】 The first lesson ________ at 8 o’clock and all the classes ________ at 5:20. A．begins; end B．beginning, ends C．begins; ends D．begin; end 【答案】A 【详解】句意：第一节课8点开始，所有课程5:20结束。 考查主谓一致。begin开始；end结束。空一处主语是The first lesson，为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数begins；空二处主语是all the classes，为复数，谓语动词用原形end。故选A。 【即练1】 I ________ go to the zoo in Beijing. I only ________ to the zoo here. A．never; went B．often; went C．never; go D．sometimes; go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我从未去过北京的动物园，我只去过这里的动物园。 考查副词辨析和动词时态。never从不；often经常；sometimes有时。第一空需填频率副词，根据“only”可知前半句应表示否定（从未）；第二空“go”与“here”搭配表示一般现在时（习惯性行为）。故选C。 【即练2】 My father ________ to work by bike every day, but he ________ by car yesterday because his bike is broken. A．goes; went B．goes; is going C．has gone; goes D．went; goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爸爸每天骑自行车去上班，但因为他的自行车坏了，昨天他开车去的。 考查动词时态。goes一般现在时的三单形式；went一般过去时；has gone去了某地（且尚未返回）；is going现在进行时。根据“My father...every day”可知第一空描述每天的习惯，用一般现在时（goes）；根据“but he...by car yesterday because his bike is broken.”可知第二空强调昨天开车去上班，用一般过去时。故选A。 【即练3】 It ________ me half an hour ________ my homework every day. A．takes; to do B．takes; doing C．spends; doing D．spends; to do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我每天做作业要花费半个小时。 本题考查固定句式it takes sb some time to do sth“做某事花费某人多少时间”，根据“every day”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语是it，第一空要填动词的第三人称单数形式takes，第二空要填不定式to do。spend“花费”的用法为sb spend time (in) doing sth，与句子成分不符。 题型三：表示现在的能力/特征/性格 【典例】 There are 50 desks in the classroom. 80 percent of them ________ clean, and the rest ________ a few stains (污渍). A．is; have B．is; are having C．are; is having D．are; have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：教室里有50张桌子。其中80%是干净的，剩下的有一些污渍。 第一空，“percent of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词，them指代desks，为复数，故are；第二空，“the rest”指代剩下的桌子，也为复数，且表示“有”污渍用一般现在时have。 【即练1】 Sam is very clever and helpful. He ________ give us good advice when we need him. A．can be able to B．is always able to C．was able to D．could 【答案】B 【详解】句意：萨姆非常聪明和乐于助人。当我们需要他的时候，他总是能给我们很好的建议。 考查情态动词。can能，是一般现在时，不与be able to连用；is always able to总是能够，是一般现在时；was able to能够，是一般过去时；could能，是一般过去时。be able to强调通过努力而获得具体的某种能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。根据“give us good advice when we need him”可知，能给我们建议，这是具体的能力，用be able to，根据“when we need him”可知，此处用一般现在时，故选B。 【即练2】 My grandma ________ a problem with her ears. She can’t hear clearly. A．have B．has C．had D．will have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我奶奶耳朵有问题，她听不太清楚。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。have有，动词原形，用于一般现在时，主语为第一、二人称或复数；has有，动词第三人称单数形式，用于一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数；had有，动词过去式/过去分词，用于一般过去时或完成时；will have将会有，一般将来时结构，表示将来会发生的动作。根据“She can’t hear clearly.”可知，前句描述的是奶奶当前的状态，也应用一般现在时，排除C和D；主语“My grandma”是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 【即练3】 I ________ long hair and my sister ________ short hair. A．have; have B．have; has C．has; has D．has; have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我留着长发，我的妹妹留着短发。 本句时态为一般现在时，第一空主语为第一人称单数“I”，谓语动词用原形have；第二空主语“my sister”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用has。 题型四：表示事实或客观真理 【典例】 Trees ________ us fresh air, but people ________ them too much these years. A．give; cut B．give; are cutting C．gives; cuts D．is giving; is cutting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：树木给我们提供新鲜空气，但这些年来人们一直在过度砍伐树木。 第一空：主语trees是复数名词，表示客观、常态的事实，应该用一般现在时，主语是复数形式，动词应该用原形give。gives用于三单主语；is giving 是现在进行时，不描述客观常识。第二空：时间状语these years，强调现阶段持续发生、带有负面趋势的动作，应该用现在进行时am/is/are+doing。people 意为“人们”，复数名词，动词应该用 are cutting。应填give；are cutting。 【即练1】 Both my sister and I ________ interested in music. A．am B．is C．are D．was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我姐姐和我都是对音乐感兴趣的。 根据“Both my sister and I”可知，both...and...连接两个主语，表示复数概念，谓语动词应用复数形式are，且句子描述客观事实用一般现在时。应填are。 【即练2】 The folk art ________ the early 1800s. A．dates from B．dates back C．is dated from D．dated back 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这项民间艺术起源于19世纪初。 date from追溯到，始于；date back to追溯到，始于。两者均无被动形式，排除选项C。date back后面必须加介词to，且句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用三单形式。应用dates from。 【即练3】 —Why are pandas in danger? —Because they ________ enough bamboo to eat. A．lose B．loses C．lost D．will lose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——熊猫为什么处于危险之中？——因为它们没有足够的竹子可以吃。 lose失去；loses失去（第三人称单数）；lost失去（过去式）；will lose将失去。根据问句“Why are pandas in danger?”可知是一般现在时，描述客观事实，答句时态保持一致，主语they是复数，谓语动词用原形。故选A。 题型五：表示现在发生的具体动作/状态 【典例】 —What do you think of the plan? —I ________ it’s good, but my brother ________ about it carefully now. A．believe; is thinking B．am believing; thinks C．believe; thinks D．am believing; is thinking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得这个计划怎么样？——我相信它很好，但我哥哥现在正在仔细考虑它。 believe 意为“相信”，是状态动词，一般不用进行时，主语是I，第一空用believe；think在此处意为“考虑”，是动作动词，根据now可知动作正在进行，主语my brother是第三人称单数，第二空用is thinking。 【即练1】 The weather ________ cloudy now, but it ________ sunny this afternoon. A．is; will be B．are; is C．will be; is D．are; will be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在天气多云，但今天下午将是晴朗的。 根据now可知第一空描述现在状态，用一般现在时，主语The weather是单数，be动词用is；根据“this afternoon”可知，第二空表示将来预测，应用一般将来时will be。 【即练2】 It ________ sunny today. It ________ rainy yesterday. A．is; was B．was; is C．are; were D．were; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天天气是晴朗的。昨天是下雨的。 根据today可知第一句是一般现在时，主语It是单数，be动词用is；根据yesterday可知第二句是一般过去时，主语It是单数，be动词用was。故选A。 【即练3】 He ________ to be a good student. A．decide B．decides C．decided D．is deciding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他立志要做一名好学生。 根据语境提示，描述长期、一贯的想法，时态用一般现在时，主语He，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式decides。 一、单项选择 1．This volleyball ________ to our class team. We often play with it after school. A．belong B．belonged C．belongs D．belonging 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个排球属于我们班级球队。我们经常在放学后打排球。   句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语“This volleyball”为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，belongs符合语境。 2．My sister often ________ to school by bike, but now she ________ the bus. A．goes; takes B．go; takes C．goes; is taking D．go; is taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我姐姐经常骑自行车去学校，但现在她正在乘公交车。 第一空，根据often可知，此处表示经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语My sister是第三人称单数，动词用三单goes；第二空，根据now可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，结构为“am/is/are+doing”。 3．The flat ________ two big balconies ________ so modern and comfortable. A．with; look B．with; looks C．and; looks D．has; looks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这套带有两个大阳台的公寓看起来如此现代且舒适。 第一空中with two big balconies作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。第二空主语The flat是单数，谓语用looks。 4．Alice often ________ her friends to her house on weekends. A．invite B．invites C．invited D．inviting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：爱丽丝经常在周末邀请她的朋友来她家。 根据句中频率副词“often”及时间状语“on weekends”可知，句子时态为一般现在时；主语“Alice”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用三单形式invites。 5．The garden ________ flowers ________ beautiful. A．with; look B．filled with; look C．full of; looks D．filled of; looks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个充满鲜花的花园看起来很漂亮。 full of和filled with均表示“充满”，filled of搭配错误，排除D；主语The garden是单数，中间的短语作定语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式looks，排除A和B。 6．Lily often ________ at school early, but yesterday she ________ late. A．arrived; arrives B．arrived; arrived C．arrives; arrives D．arrives; arrived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：莉莉经常很早到学校，但是昨天她迟到了。 第一空根据频度副词often可知应用一般现在时，主语Lily是第三人称单数，谓语动词用arrives；第二空根据时间状语yesterday可知应用一般过去时，谓语动词用arrived。故选D。 7．I wonder if he ________ to Nantong for Jiangsu Football City League (江苏省城市足球联赛) next Sunday. If he ________, please tell me. A．will go, do B．go, will do C．will go, does D．goes, will do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我想知道他下周日是否会去南通看江苏省城市足球联赛。如果他去，请告诉我。 第一句中“if”表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，有“next Sunday”表示将来，故用will go；第二句中“if”表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语“he”为第三人称单数，故用does。 8．My mother ________ dinner now. She usually ________ dinner at 6:00 p. m. A．cooks; cooks B．is cooking; cooks C．cooks; is cooking D．is cooking; is cooking 【答案】B 【详解】句意： 我妈妈现在正在做晚饭。她通常在下午6点做晚饭。 cooks做饭，是一般现在时第三人称单数形式；is cooking正在做饭，是现在进行时形式。第一空的时间标志词为now，表示动作正在进行，需用现在进行时is cooking；第二空的时间标志词为usually，表示习惯性、经常性的动作，需采用一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数，动词使用第三人称单数形式cooks。应填is cooking；cooks。 9．This pair of shoes looks ________, and ________ my trousers. May I________? A．well; match; try it on B．good; matches; try it on C．nice; matches; try them on D．good; match; try on them 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这双鞋看起来很好看，并且搭配我的裤子。我可以试穿它们吗？ 第一空looks为系动词，后接形容词作表语，well通常作副词，作形容词只表示“身体好”，排除； good/nice都是形容词，都可以填；第二空主语This pair of shoes中心词是pair，表单数，谓语动词应用三单形式matches；第三空try on接代词作宾语时，代词需置于中间，且指代shoes应用复数代词them。应选nice; matches; try them on。 10．Many animals ________ their homes because people ________ forests every year. A．lose; cut down B．are losing; are cutting down C．loses; cuts down D．is losing; is cutting down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多动物失去它们的家园，因为人们每年砍伐森林。 根据时间状语“every year”可知，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；主语“Many animals”和“people”都表示复数，谓语动词应用原形。应填lose; cut down。 11．He always _______ in his room every morning. Listen! He _______ an English song. A．sings; is singing B．is singing; is singing C．sings; sings D．is singing; sings 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他每天早上总是在房间里唱歌。听！他正在唱一首英文歌。 根据“always”和“every morning”可知，第一空表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，故填sings；根据“Listen!”可知，第二空表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，故填is singing。 12．—Where are your parents? —They ________ in the park. They usually ________ after supper. A．walk; are walking B．walking; walk C．is walking; walk D．are walking; walk 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你的父母在哪里？——他们正在公园散步。他们通常晚饭后散步。 第一空根据问句“Where are your parents?”可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时，主语They对应be动词are，结构为are walking；第二空根据频率副词“usually”可知表示习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语They后接动词原形walk。故选D。 13．It’s difficult to find a time that ________ everybody. A．suits B．fit C．suitable D．to fit 【答案】A 【详解】句意：很难找到一个适合所有人的时间。 suits适合（常用于指时间、计划、安排、颜色、款式等适合某人）；fit适合（常用于指衣服等的大小、尺寸合适）；suitable合适的（形容词）；to fit适合（动词不定式）。本句中“that…everybody”为定语从句，修饰单数先行词“a time”。因为关系代词that在从句中作主语，根据主谓一致原则，从句的谓语动词应用单三形式，可排除B、D两项；由于空处在从句中担当谓语，形容词suitable无法直接作谓语，排除C项；在语义上，表示“时间、安排等适合某人”需用动词suit，应填suits。 14．My brother often ________ cycling in his free time. A．go B．goes C．went D．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我哥哥经常在空闲时间去骑自行车。 根据频度副词“often”可知句子时态为一般现在时，主语“My brother”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式goes。 15．My brother often ________ TV in the evening, but now he ________ his homework. A．watch; do B．watches; is doing C．is watching; does D．watches; does 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我哥哥经常在晚上看电视，但现在他正在做作业。 第一空：根据often可知，描述习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语My brother为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单三形式watches。第二空：根据now可知，描述当前正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语是he，故用is doing。 16．The beautiful girl ________ good ________swimming. A．is; in B．is; at C．are; of D．are; at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个漂亮的女孩擅长游泳。 is是（be动词单数）；are是（be动词复数）；in在……里；at在……方面；of……的。主语“The beautiful girl”为第三人称单数，be动词应用is；be good at为固定搭配，表示“擅长”。 17．Life ________ surprises, and many are good ________. A．is full of; one B．are full of; one C．is full of; ones D．are full of; ones 【答案】C 【详解】句意：生活充满惊喜，而且很多惊喜都是美好的。 句子时态为一般现在时，主语是Life，谓语动词应用三单形式，第一空应填is full of；后文指代复数surprises需用ones。 18．—Listen! Someone ________ in the next room. —Yes. Lily ________ singing at this time every afternoon. A．sings; is practising B．is singing; practises C．sings; practises D．is singing; is practising 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——听！有人正在隔壁房间唱歌。——是的。莉莉每天下午这个时候练习唱歌。 根据“Listen!”可知，第一空表示动作此时此刻正在发生，应用现在进行时is singing；根据“at this time every afternoon”可知，第二空表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语Lily是第三人称单数，谓语动词用practises。 19．Look! ________ Jim. He looks funny with that hat on. A．Here coming B．Comes here C．Here coming D．Here comes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看！吉姆来了。他戴着那顶帽子看起来很有趣。 此处是here引导的倒装句，意为“……来了”，主语Jim是第三人称单数，用一般现在时，动词用comes，符合语法和语境。应填Here comes。 20．—Where is your father, Teng Fei? —He is ________ his car. He always ________ his car after ________. A．washes, washing, rain B．washing, washes, raining C．washing, wash, raining D．washes, washing, rains 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——腾飞，你父亲在哪里？——他正在洗他的车。他总是在下雨后洗车。   第一空：根据问句“Where is your father?”可知，询问当前正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，故填现在分词washing。 第二空：根据频率副词always可知，描述习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语He为第三人称单数，故填动词单三形式washes。 第三空：介词after后接动名词形式，故填raining。 二、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意， 根据语法和上下文连贯的要求， 从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Lily is a 12-year-old girl. She enjoys 1 the piano and wants to play in a big music competition (比赛). When the competition 2 , she is 3 to wear her best dress and go to the competition. Lily tries her best in the competition 4 when the winners are announced (宣布), she isn’t one of them. She feels sad. Then, a man looks at her and says, “ 5 do you look so sad? You play very well!” Lily is surprised to hear this. 6 man tells her, “Keep playing the piano and you will win one day.” Lily feels a warm feeling. She makes 7 with the man and goes home with a new hope. Months later, Lily goes to another competition. This time, she wins first prize! She is so happy and she also thinks 8 the kind man. This story shows us that a friendly greeting can help someone 9 better. It’s good to be nice to others because it can make a big difference in 10 life. 1．A．play B．to play C．playing 2．A．comes B．come C．came 3．A．exciting B．excited C．excitedly 4．A．and B．but C．or 5．A．Why B．How C．What 6．A．A B．The C．An 7．A．friends B．friend’s C．friend 8．A．of B．over C．about 9．A．feels B．felt C．feel 10．A．them B．their C．my 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了一个12岁女孩莉莉参加钢琴比赛的故事。 1．句意：她喜欢弹钢琴，并且想参加一场大型音乐比赛。 enjoy doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事”，应用playing。play为动词原形，so play结构错误。 2．句意：当比赛到来时，她很兴奋地穿上她最好的裙子去参加比赛。 本文主体时态为一般现在时，主语the competition是单数第三人称，谓语动词应用comes。come为动词原形，came为过去式，均不符合时态和主谓一致要求。 3．句意：她很兴奋地穿上她最好的裙子去参加比赛。 主语she是人，应用excited表示“感到兴奋的”；exciting用于修饰事物，意为“令人兴奋的”；excitedly是副词，修饰动词，此处作表语应用形容词。故应用excited。 4．句意：莉莉在比赛中尽了最大努力，但当获奖者被宣布时，她不在其中。 前后句存在转折关系——尽力了却没有获奖，应用but。and表顺承，or表选择。 5．句意：你为什么看起来这么难过？ 根据答语“You play very well!”可知，男士询问她难过的原因，应用Why。How询问方式或程度，What询问内容，均不符合。 6．句意：那个男人告诉她：“继续弹钢琴，总有一天你会赢的。” 前文已提及a man，此处再次提到同一人，应用定冠词The表示特指。A和An均为不定冠词，用于首次提及。 7．句意：她和那个男人交了朋友，带着新的希望回家了。 make friends with sb. 是固定搭配，意为“与某人交朋友”，应用friends。friend’s是所有格形式，friend为单数，均不符合固定搭配。 8．句意：她很高兴，也想起这个善良的男人。 of……的；over超过；about关于。根据“she also thinks…the kind man.”可知是指想起这个男人，think of“想起”；think about“考虑”意思不符合。 9．句意：这个故事告诉我们，友好的问候可以帮助某人感觉更好。 help sb. do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，应用feel。feels为第三人称单数形式，felt为过去式。 10．句意：对别人好是件好事，因为它可以在他们的生活中产生很大的影响。 此处指代前文提到的其他人，应用their表示“他们的”。them是宾格，my“我的”指代错误。 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 My classmate Emma is really into creative things. She usually makes paper crafts 1 her free time after school. Making things by hand is fun 2 meaningful to her. She 3 make a beautiful paper flower in just ten minutes. Emma is also 4 in painting colorful pictures when she feels bored. Last Friday, she invited me 5 the school’s art club with her. We saw many students there, some 6 clay models and some drawing cartoon characters. Emma wanted to borrow a book about origami, 7 all copies were lent out. She said the craft room nearby was 8 favorite place to create. “ 9 amazing works they are!” I said to her. Do you want 10 such a creative afternoon with your friends? 1．A．on B．in C．at 2．A．and B．but C．or 3．A．can B．must C．need 4．A．interest B．interesting C．interested 5．A．to B．for C．with 6．A．make B．makes C．making 7．A．so B．but C．because 8．A．her B．she C．hers 9．A．How B．What C．Where 10．A．have B．to have C．having 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了作者的同学Emma热爱手工创作，一次周五作者受邀和她一起去学校艺术俱乐部，看到大家创作的场景，作者由衷赞叹作品的故事。 1．句意：她通常在放学后的空闲时间做纸工艺品。 “in one’s free time”是固定搭配，意为“在某人的空闲时间”，on和at不符合该固定用法。 2．句意：手工制作东西对她来说既有趣又有意义。 fun（有趣的）和meaningful（有意义的）是并列的积极形容词，and表并列；but表转折，or表选择，均不符合语境。 3．句意：她能在短短十分钟内做出一朵漂亮的纸花。 此处表达她具备快速做纸花的能力，can表“能够”；must表“必须”，need表“需要”，均不符合语境。 4．句意：当 Emma 感到无聊时，她也对画彩色的画感兴趣。 “be interested in”是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”；interest是名词/动词，interesting用于修饰事物，均不符合该用法。 5．句意：上周五，她邀请我和她一起去学校的艺术俱乐部。 “invite sb. to sp.”是固定搭配，意为“邀请某人去某地”；for和with不符合该结构 6．句意：我们在那里看到很多学生，一些在做泥塑模型，一些在画卡通人物。 “see sb. doing sth.”是固定结构，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，此处用现在分词making表示正在进行的动作；make和makes不符合该结构。 7．句意：Emma想借一本关于折纸的书，但是所有的副本都被借出去了。 前半句是“想借书”，后半句是“书都被借完了”，存在转折关系，but表转折；so表因果，because表原因，均不符合语境。 8．句意：她说附近的手工室是她最喜欢的创作场所。 此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词“favorite place”，her是形容词性物主代词；she是主格代词，hers是名词性物主代词，均不符合用法。 9．句意：“多么令人惊叹的作品啊！”我对她说。 这是感叹句，中心词是名词“works”，需用“What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！”结构；How引导的感叹句中心词是形容词/副词，Where不引导感叹句，均不符合。 10．句意：你想和你的朋友们一起度过这样一个充满创意的下午吗？ “want to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，需用动词不定式to have；have是动词原形，having是动名词/现在分词，均不符合该结构。 三、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当单词或用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 Hello, everyone! Do you know the SOS student club? Yes, I’m 1 member of the club. Now let me 2 (tell) you something about it. The purpose (目的) of the SOS student club 3 (be) to help students. Some students think 4 (they) homework is too difficult and that they can’t finish it. They can ask the members of the club for help. Some students like volleyball, 5 they can’t play it. They can ask us 6 (teach) them. Some students can’t get on (相处) well with others and they are not happy. They can 7 (talk) with us. There are many kinds of 8 (activity) for students. Do you want to be 9 (help) to others? If your answer is yes, come and join us. We need five new members. Please email us 10 SOSstudentclub@163.com. 【答案】 1．a 2．tell 3．is 4．their 5．but 6．to teach 7．talk 8．activities 9．helpful 10．at 【导语】本文介绍了SOS学生俱乐部的情况，包括其宗旨、帮助内容以及招募新成员的信息。 1．句意：是的，我是俱乐部的一员。member为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个成员”，且member以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 2．句意：现在让我告诉你一些关于它的事情。“let sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”，故填动词原形tell。 3．句意：SOS学生俱乐部的目的是帮助学生。主语The purpose为第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填is。 4．句意：一些学生认为他们的家庭作业太难，无法完成。修饰名词homework，需用形容词性物主代词，they的对应词为their。 5．句意：一些学生喜欢排球，但他们不会打。前后分句为转折关系，故填but。 6．句意：他们可以请我们教他们。“ask sb. to do sth.”意为“请某人做某事”，故填to teach。 7．句意：他们可以和我们交谈。情态动词can后接动词原形，talk意为“交谈”。 8．句意：有很多种活动供学生参加。“many kinds of”后接可数名词复数，activity的复数为activities。 9．句意：你想帮助别人吗？系动词be后接形容词作表语，help的形容词为helpful，意为“有帮助的”。 10．句意：请发邮件给我们，地址是SOSstudentclub@163.com。表示“在某个电子邮件地址”，用介词at。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 U1核心语法：一般现在时 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 熟练掌握一般现在时中be动词（am/is/are）的基础用法、缩写规则，能正确变换肯定、否定、一般疑问句式； 2. 掌握实义动词第三人称单数的变化规则，熟记一般现在时的基础核心用法，适配日常场景表达； 3. 能精准识别常见时间标志词，区分一般现在时与现在进行时、一般过去时的基础语境差异； 4. 结合课本假期主题语境，能运用一般现在时描述日常习惯、客观事实，完成基础习题和简单语篇表达。 学习重点 1. be动词am/is/are的人称搭配、常规缩写及不可缩写的特殊情况，熟练完成句式转换； 2. 实义动词三单的四类基础变化规则，能准确写出动词第三人称单数形式； 3. 一般现在时两大核心用法：描述日常习惯性动作、客观事实与真理； 4. 基础主谓一致规则，掌握课内高频固定搭配，适配上海六年级常考题型。 学习难点 1. 结合语境精准区分：一般现在时表常态习惯、现在进行时表当下正在发生的动作； 2. 掌握if引导从句的基础时态规则（主将从现），攻克时态易错点； 3. 灵活运用主谓一致规则，解决单数、复数主语对应的动词变形问题； 4. 在单选、语法填空、短文题型中，综合运用一般现在时知识点完成解题与语篇输出。 （一）be 的一般现在时 动词be 的三种变化 （am，is，are） 我( I )用am 你( you )用are is 用于他( he ) 她( she ) 它( it ) 单数名词用is 复数名词都用are I am a student. 我是一名学生。 It is a cat. 它是一只猫。 We are friends. 我们是朋友。 These books are new. 这些书是新的。 be动词的一般现在时的 否定形式 在be动词后直接加not I am=I’m is not=isn’t are not=aren’t I am not a boy. 我不是男孩。 He is not English. 他不是英国人。 be动词的一般现在时的 一般疑问句形式 be动词提前到句首， 并在句末加上问号 be 动词+ 主语 + 其他部分+？‌ —Are you a teacher? —Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. —Is he in the classroom? —Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. be动词am，is，are 与其前后词的缩写 I am = I’m You are = You’re He is = He’s She is = She’s What is= What’s It is = It’s is not = isn’t are not = aren’t Where is=Where’s Who is=Who’s My name is = My name’s be动词不可缩写的情况 （1）am not不可缩写； （2）this is不可缩写； （3）肯定的简略回答中不能缩写，如：“Yes, I am.”不能写成“Yes, I’m.”。 （二）一般现在时的用法 类别 规则说明 例句 经常性、习惯性动作 / 存在状态 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与频度副词连用 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。These T - shirts are new. 这些 T 恤衫是新的。 客观事实、真理 用于表达客观事实、真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 时间、条件状语从句表将来 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 按计划 / 安排表将来 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作（限于 start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place 等词 ） The train leaves at 8 o'clock. 火车 8 点发车。（示例，原内容未给对应例句，可自行补充这类动词相关合理例句 ） （三）一般现在时的构成形式 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i，再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are 题型一：三单形式的变化规则 【典例】 —Look! The boy in blue ________ a science magazine. —Yes, he always ________ reading during break time. A．reads; is enjoying B．is reading; enjoys C．read; is enjoying D．is reading; is enjoying 【即练1】 —It will be a sunny day tomorrow. Let’s climb the mountain with Amy! —Sounds great! But she ________ Beijing soon. A．left for B．is going to leave for C．am going to leaving for D．was leaving for 【即练2】 She ________ to the park every Sunday and she ________ there last Sunday. A．goes; goes B．went; goes C．goes; went D．went; went 【即练3】 He ________ go to the zoo during the festival holiday. A．don’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．aren’t 题型二：表示经常性的动作/状态 【典例】 The first lesson ________ at 8 o’clock and all the classes ________ at 5:20. A．begins; end B．beginning, ends C．begins; ends D．begin; end 【即练1】 I ________ go to the zoo in Beijing. I only ________ to the zoo here. A．never; went B．often; went C．never; go D．sometimes; go 【即练2】 My father ________ to work by bike every day, but he ________ by car yesterday because his bike is broken. A．goes; went B．goes; is going C．has gone; goes D．went; goes 【即练3】 It ________ me half an hour ________ my homework every day. A．takes; to do B．takes; doing C．spends; doing D．spends; to do 题型三：表示现在的能力/特征/性格 【典例】 There are 50 desks in the classroom. 80 percent of them ________ clean, and the rest ________ a few stains (污渍). A．is; have B．is; are having C．are; is having D．are; have 【即练1】 Sam is very clever and helpful. He ________ give us good advice when we need him. A．can be able to B．is always able to C．was able to D．could 【即练2】 My grandma ________ a problem with her ears. She can’t hear clearly. A．have B．has C．had D．will have 【即练3】 I ________ long hair and my sister ________ short hair. A．have; have B．have; has C．has; has D．has; have 题型四：表示事实或客观真理 【典例】 Trees ________ us fresh air, but people ________ them too much these years. A．give; cut B．give; are cutting C．gives; cuts D．is giving; is cutting 【即练1】 Both my sister and I ________ interested in music. A．am B．is C．are D．was 【即练2】 The folk art ________ the early 1800s. A．dates from B．dates back C．is dated from D．dated back 【即练3】 —Why are pandas in danger? —Because they ________ enough bamboo to eat. A．lose B．loses C．lost D．will lose 题型五：表示现在发生的具体动作/状态 【典例】 —What do you think of the plan? —I ________ it’s good, but my brother ________ about it carefully now. A．believe; is thinking B．am believing; thinks C．believe; thinks D．am believing; is thinking 【即练1】 The weather ________ cloudy now, but it ________ sunny this afternoon. A．is; will be B．are; is C．will be; is D．are; will be 【即练2】 It ________ sunny today. It ________ rainy yesterday. A．is; was B．was; is C．are; were D．were; are 【即练3】 He ________ to be a good student. A．decide B．decides C．decided D．is deciding 一、单项选择 1．This volleyball ________ to our class team. We often play with it after school. A．belong B．belonged C．belongs D．belonging 2．My sister often ________ to school by bike, but now she ________ the bus. A．goes; takes B．go; takes C．goes; is taking D．go; is taking 3．The flat ________ two big balconies ________ so modern and comfortable. A．with; look B．with; looks C．and; looks D．has; looks 4．Alice often ________ her friends to her house on weekends. A．invite B．invites C．invited D．inviting 5．The garden ________ flowers ________ beautiful. A．with; look B．filled with; look C．full of; looks D．filled of; looks 6．Lily often ________ at school early, but yesterday she ________ late. A．arrived; arrives B．arrived; arrived C．arrives; arrives D．arrives; arrived 7．I wonder if he ________ to Nantong for Jiangsu Football City League (江苏省城市足球联赛) next Sunday. If he ________, please tell me. A．will go, do B．go, will do C．will go, does D．goes, will do 8．My mother ________ dinner now. She usually ________ dinner at 6:00 p. m. A．cooks; cooks B．is cooking; cooks C．cooks; is cooking D．is cooking; is cooking 9．This pair of shoes looks ________, and ________ my trousers. May I________? A．well; match; try it on B．good; matches; try it on C．nice; matches; try them on D．good; match; try on them 10．Many animals ________ their homes because people ________ forests every year. A．lose; cut down B．are losing; are cutting down C．loses; cuts down D．is losing; is cutting down 11．He always _______ in his room every morning. Listen! He _______ an English song. A．sings; is singing B．is singing; is singing C．sings; sings D．is singing; sings 12．—Where are your parents? —They ________ in the park. They usually ________ after supper. A．walk; are walking B．walking; walk C．is walking; walk D．are walking; walk 13．It’s difficult to find a time that ________ everybody. A．suits B．fit C．suitable D．to fit 14．My brother often ________ cycling in his free time. A．go B．goes C．went D．will go 15．My brother often ________ TV in the evening, but now he ________ his homework. A．watch; do B．watches; is doing C．is watching; does D．watches; does 16．The beautiful girl ________ good ________swimming. A．is; in B．is; at C．are; of D．are; at 17．Life ________ surprises, and many are good ________. A．is full of; one B．are full of; one C．is full of; ones D．are full of; ones 18．—Listen! Someone ________ in the next room. —Yes. Lily ________ singing at this time every afternoon. A．sings; is practising B．is singing; practises C．sings; practises D．is singing; is practising 19．Look! ________ Jim. He looks funny with that hat on. A．Here coming B．Comes here C．Here coming D．Here comes 20．—Where is your father, Teng Fei? —He is ________ his car. He always ________ his car after ________. A．washes, washing, rain B．washing, washes, raining C．washing, wash, raining D．washes, washing, rains 二、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意， 根据语法和上下文连贯的要求， 从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Lily is a 12-year-old girl. She enjoys 1 the piano and wants to play in a big music competition (比赛). When the competition 2 , she is 3 to wear her best dress and go to the competition. Lily tries her best in the competition 4 when the winners are announced (宣布), she isn’t one of them. She feels sad. Then, a man looks at her and says, “ 5 do you look so sad? You play very well!” Lily is surprised to hear this. 6 man tells her, “Keep playing the piano and you will win one day.” Lily feels a warm feeling. She makes 7 with the man and goes home with a new hope. Months later, Lily goes to another competition. This time, she wins first prize! She is so happy and she also thinks 8 the kind man. This story shows us that a friendly greeting can help someone 9 better. It’s good to be nice to others because it can make a big difference in 10 life. 1．A．play B．to play C．playing 2．A．comes B．come C．came 3．A．exciting B．excited C．excitedly 4．A．and B．but C．or 5．A．Why B．How C．What 6．A．A B．The C．An 7．A．friends B．friend’s C．friend 8．A．of B．over C．about 9．A．feels B．felt C．feel 10．A．them B．their C．my 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 My classmate Emma is really into creative things. She usually makes paper crafts 1 her free time after school. Making things by hand is fun 2 meaningful to her. She 3 make a beautiful paper flower in just ten minutes. Emma is also 4 in painting colorful pictures when she feels bored. Last Friday, she invited me 5 the school’s art club with her. We saw many students there, some 6 clay models and some drawing cartoon characters. Emma wanted to borrow a book about origami, 7 all copies were lent out. She said the craft room nearby was 8 favorite place to create. “ 9 amazing works they are!” I said to her. Do you want 10 such a creative afternoon with your friends? 1．A．on B．in C．at 2．A．and B．but C．or 3．A．can B．must C．need 4．A．interest B．interesting C．interested 5．A．to B．for C．with 6．A．make B．makes C．making 7．A．so B．but C．because 8．A．her B．she C．hers 9．A．How B．What C．Where 10．A．have B．to have C．having 三、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当单词或用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 Hello, everyone! Do you know the SOS student club? Yes, I’m 1 member of the club. Now let me 2 (tell) you something about it. The purpose (目的) of the SOS student club 3 (be) to help students. Some students think 4 (they) homework is too difficult and that they can’t finish it. They can ask the members of the club for help. Some students like volleyball, 5 they can’t play it. They can ask us 6 (teach) them. Some students can’t get on (相处) well with others and they are not happy. They can 7 (talk) with us. There are many kinds of 8 (activity) for students. Do you want to be 9 (help) to others? If your answer is yes, come and join us. We need five new members. Please email us 10 SOSstudentclub@163.com. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $