Units 4-6 语法(限定性定语从句)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语必修第一册(新高一)新课预习

Units4-6限定性定语从句讲解与练习 一、关系代词引导限定性定语从句（Unit4 基础核心考点） 关系代词指代人或物，在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，是定语从句的基础。 作宾语可省略，作主语、定语不可省略。 常用关系代词：who / whom / which / that / whose 1. who 指代人（主格） 从句中作主语（不可省略）、宾语（可省略），侧重修饰人物。 教材适配例句：The students who take part in after-school activities are very active. 译文：参加课外活动的学生们非常积极。（先行词students，从句缺主语） 2. whom 指代人（宾格） 从句中仅作宾语，可省略，正式书面语专用，口语常用who替代。 教材适配例句：The teacher (whom) we respect most teaches us English. 译文：我们最尊敬的那位老师教我们英语。（先行词teacher，从句缺宾语） 3. which 指代物/事物 从句中作主语、宾语，指代一切事物、物品、事件，作宾语可省略。 教材适配例句：The hobby which brings me joy is playing basketball. 译文：给我带来快乐的爱好是打篮球。（先行词hobby，从句缺主语） 4. that 指代人/物（万能代词，考试最高频） 可替代who/whom/which，限定性定语从句首选，作宾语可省略。 教材适配例句（指人）：The boy (that) I met in the club is my deskmate. 译文：我在社团遇见的那个男孩是我的同桌。 教材适配例句（指物）：This is the book (that) I borrowed from the school library. 译文：这就是我从学校图书馆借的那本书。 5. whose 表所属关系（谁的） 指代人/物，从句中作定语，后必须接名词，绝对不可省略，译为“……的”。 教材适配例句：The girl whose dream is to be a volunteer works hard. 译文：那个梦想成为志愿者的女孩学习很努力。 ✅ 必考特殊规则：只用that，不用which/who的6种情况 1. 先行词被最高级、序数词、the only、the very修饰；2. 先行词为all/nothing/anything等不定代词；3. 先行词既有人又有物。 教材例句：This is the most meaningful activity that I have ever joined. 二、关系副词引导限定性定语从句（Unit5 进阶考点） 关系副词指代时间、地点、原因，在从句中只作状语，不作主语、宾语，不可省略。可等价替换为「介词+which」（衔接第三板块考点）。 常用关系副词：when（时间）/ where（地点）/ why（原因） 1. when时间定语从句 先行词为时间名词（day/time/year/moment），从句不缺主宾，缺时间状语。 等价于：on/in/at + which I still remember the day when I entered senior high school. =I still remember the day on which I entered senior high school.(on the day) 译文：我依然记得我升入高中的那一天。 2. where 地点定语从句 先行词为地点名词（school/park/city/community），从句不缺主宾，缺地点状语。 等价于：in/at/on + which This is the school where I have studied for three years. =This is the school in which I have studied for three years.(in the school) 译文：这就是我就读了三年的学校。 3. why 原因定语从句 唯一先行词：reason，从句不缺主宾，缺原因状语。 等价于：for which I know the reason why he missed the sports meeting. =I know the reason for which he missed the sports meeting.(for the reason) 译文：我知道他错过运动会的原因。 ⚠️ 核心易错点（考试必考） 若先行词是time/reason/place，但从句缺主语/宾语，不用关系副词，改用that/which。 例句：The reason that he gave is not true.（gave缺宾语，用that不用why） 三、介词+which/whom引导限定性定语从句（Unit6 重难点、高分考点） 本单元最难、最易丢分考点！将关系副词转化为介词+关系代词，或固定搭配介词提前，仅限which（指物）、whom（指人），绝对不用that/who。 核心逻辑：介词选择看从句固定搭配 / 看先行词搭配 1. 介词+whom（指代人） 教材适配例句1：The person to whom I talked just now is my teacher. 解析：固定搭配 talk to sb. 与某人交谈 教材适配例句2：The classmates with whom I study are very helpful. 解析：固定搭配 study with sb. 与某人一起学习 2. 介词+which（指代物） 覆盖关系副词全部替换用法，课本高频句型： ① when = on/in/at + which 例句：The day on which we had a picnic was sunny.（= when） ② where = in/at + which 例句：The community in which I live is very quiet.（= where） ③ why = for + which 例句：The reason for which he succeeded is hard work.（= why） 3. 课本高频固定搭配（必背） •be interested in → in which •be good at → at which •depend on → on which •look forward to → to which 教材真题例句：The hobby in which I am interested is swimming. 译文：我感兴趣的爱好是游泳。 4. 绝对禁忌（秒杀错题） ① 介词提前后，禁用that/who，只能用which/whom； ② 介词不可提前的短语（固定词组）：look for / take care of 等，介词不拆分。 四、三大板块解题秒杀步骤（单元通用） 1. 找先行词：定人/物/时间/地点/原因； 2. 析从句：缺主宾→关系代词；缺状语→关系副词/介词+which/whom； 3. 套规则：特殊情况锁定that，介词搭配锁定固定短语。 【巩固练习】 题型一、用合适的关系词填空 解题提示：优先判断从句成分，区分关系代词/副词，熟记that特殊用法 1. The teacher __________ teaches us physics is very patient. 2. This is the magazine __________ I bought in the bookstore yesterday. 3. I still remember the afternoon __________ we joined the volunteer activity. 4. The student __________ handwriting won the first prize is my deskmate. 5. There is nothing __________ can stop us from achieving our dreams. 6. The person __________ we met at the school gate is our new headmaster. 7. This is the most exciting game __________ I have ever watched. 8. I don’t know the reason __________ he refused to take part in the competition. 9. This is the community __________ my grandparents have lived for ten years. 10. All __________ we need is time and patience. 11. The first lesson __________ we learned in senior high is very impressive. 12. The bike __________ he repaired works perfectly now. 13. I miss the days __________ we studied and played together. 14. The only chance __________ you have is to try your best. 15. The film __________ we watched last night is educational. 16. The moment __________ I saw her, I felt warm and happy. 17. Few people __________ know the truth are willing to speak out. 18. This is the very book __________ I have been looking for. 19. The way __________ he solves problems is quite special. 20. The club __________ I joined last term is full of energetic students. 21. The reason __________ he explained to us was not believable. 22. The park __________ we had our spring picnic is very beautiful. 23. Anyone __________ breaks the school rules will be punished. 24. The house __________ windows face the lake is my dream home. 25. We will never forget the teachers and schools __________ have accompanied us. 26. The project __________ they are working on is meaningful. 27. The holiday __________ we traveled to Qingdao was unforgettable. 28. The expert __________ we learned a lot is very famous. 29. The goal __________ he sticks to finally comes true. 30. The school playground __________ many students exercise every day is large. 题型二、单项选择（易错辨析+重难点） 1. The man ___ is giving a speech is a famous educator in our city. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. This is the best experience ___ I have ever had in senior high school. A. which B. what C. that D. when 3. I still remember the day ___ I took the senior high school entrance exam. A. when B. where C. why D. which 4. The student ___ parents are both teachers studies very diligently. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 5. There is little ___ we can do to change his decision. A. which B. that C. what D. when 6. This is the reason ___ he was absent from the sports meeting. A. why B. that C. which D. how 7. The school ___ I studied for six years stands by a river. A. when B. where C. which D. why 8. The person ___ I talked on the phone is my old friend. A. to whom B. with which C. whom D. that 9. All ___ is necessary for success is persistence. A. which B. what C. that D. who 10. This is the first museum ___ we have visited in this city. A. where B. which C. that D. when 11. The hobby ___ I am interested can make me relaxed. A. in which B. which C. that D. what 12. The reason ___ the teacher gave us was very reasonable. A. why B. that C. when D. where 13. The moment ___ you give up, you will lose everything. A. when B. where C. which D. that 14. The classmates ___ I study and grow up are like my family. A. with whom B. whom C. who D. that 15. This is the very pen ___ I lost in the classroom last week. A. which B. who C. that D. whose 16. The city ___ we spent our summer vacation is clean and quiet. A. that B. which C. where D. when 17. The book ___ cover is blue teaches us a lot of life truths. A. which B. whose C. that D. what 18. The activity ___ we took part in yesterday was very meaningful. A. when B. where C. which D. why 19. The day ___ we graduated from junior high was full of tears. A. on which B. in which C. at which D. for which 20. The problem ___ they are talking about is easy to solve. A. why B. where C. that D. when 题型三、句型转换（重难点专项：副词↔介词+which/whom） 解题提示：将关系副词替换为等价的介词+关系代词，巩固Unit6核心考点 1. I remember the day when I joined the school team.（改为介词+which） I remember the day __________ __________ I joined the school team. 2. This is the village where I was born.（改为介词+which） This is the village __________ __________ I was born. 3. I don’t know the reason why he gave up.（改为介词+which） I don’t know the reason __________ __________ he gave up. 4. The year when we met was wonderful.（改为介词+which） The year __________ __________ we met was wonderful. 5. This is the classroom where we study every day.（改为介词+which） This is the classroom __________ __________ we study every day. 6. The person whom I played with is my deskmate.（改为介词+whom） The person __________ __________ I played is my deskmate. 7. The friend whom I communicated with is very kind.（改为介词+whom） The friend __________ __________ I communicated is very kind. 8. The season when we travel best is spring.（改为介词+which） The season __________ __________ we travel best is spring. 9. The community where I exercise is near my home.（改为介词+which） The community __________ __________ I exercise is near my home. 10. The reason why he succeeded is hard work.（改为介词+which） The reason __________ __________ he succeeded is hard work. 题型四、句子翻译（单元话题适配｜必用定语从句） 解题提示：分别运用关系代词、关系副词、介词+关系代词三类句型 1. 帮助我的那位老师非常温柔且负责。 _______________________________________________ 2. 这是我参加过最有意义的校园活动。 _______________________________________________ 3. 我永远记得我踏入高中校园的那一天。 _______________________________________________ 4. 那个父亲是医生的男孩擅长生物。 _______________________________________________ 5. 我感兴趣的那本新书很值得一读。 _______________________________________________ 6. 这是我们可以学习和交流的教室。 _______________________________________________ 7. 他缺席比赛的原因我们都不清楚。 _______________________________________________ 8. 所有坚持梦想的人终会收获成功。 _______________________________________________ 9. 我和他一起学习的同学都很优秀。 _______________________________________________ 10. 这是我唯一一次参加省级比赛的机会。 _______________________________________________ 11. 我们昨天讨论的那个问题已经解决了。 _______________________________________________ 12. 我度过暑假的那个小镇风景优美。 _______________________________________________ 13. 他解决难题的方法非常巧妙。 _______________________________________________ 14. 我们相遇相知的那些日子无比珍贵。 _______________________________________________ 15. 我信赖的那位朋友总是真诚待人。 _______________________________________________ Keys 一、用合适的关系词填空 1. who/that 2. which/that/不填3. when 4. whose 5. that 6. whom/that/不填 7. that 8. why 9. where 10. that 11. that 12. which/that/不填 13. when 14. that 15. which/that/不填 16. when 17. that 18. that 19. that/in which/不填 20. which/that/不填 21. which/that 22. where 23. who/that 24. whose 25. that 26. which/that/不填 27. when 28. from whom 29. which/that 30. where 二、单项选择 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C 三、句型转换 1. on which 2. in which 3. for which 4. in which 5. in which 6. with whom 7. with whom 8. in which 9. in which 10. for which 四、句子翻译 1. The teacher who helps me is very gentle and responsible. 2. This is the most meaningful campus activity that I have ever taken part in. 3. I will always remember the day when I entered the senior high school campus. 4. The boy whose father is a doctor is good at biology. 5. The new book in which I am interested is well worth reading. 6. This is the classroom where we can study and communicate. 7. We don’t know the reason why he was absent from the competition. 8. All the people who stick to their dreams will succeed finally. 9. The classmates with whom I study are all excellent. 10. This is the only chance that I have to take part in the provincial competition. 11. The problem that we discussed yesterday has been solved. 12. The small town where I spent my summer vacation has beautiful scenery. 13. The way that he solves difficult problems is very clever. 14. The days when we met and knew each other are extremely precious. 15. The friend whom I trust always treats others sincerely. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $