精品解析：山东烟台市福山区2025—2026学年度第二学期期末学业水平考试 初二英语试题

2025—2026学年度第二学期期末学业水平考试初二英语试题 （100分钟，90分） 考生注意： 1．答题前请把答题卡密封线内的项目填写清楚。 2．请把所选的所有试题的答案涂在（用2B铅笔）或填写在（用0.5毫米黑色签字笔）答题卡上。考试结束只收交答题卡。在试卷上和答题卡指定区域外的答案无效。 第一部分 阅读理解 共两节，满分35分 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Fun Cooking Classes for Children at Cooking Club Jiaozi Magic (Tuesday 4:40 pm or Thursday 5:00 pm) Do you like jiaozi? What fillings do you prefer — vegetables, eggs, meat or fish? You can also learn to make jiaozi in different colors here! Come and have fun with us. Teacher: Mr. Zhang (Tel: 578-7655) Easy Hamburger (Wednesday 4:30 pm or Thursday 5:30 pm) Making hamburgers is not difficult at all! You just need bread, beef, chicken, salad cream and lettuce. Join us to learn how to make hamburgers with these simple things. Teacher: Mrs. White (E-mail: whitehamburger@sina.com) Tasty Zongzi (Monday 4:50 pm or Friday 5:00 pm) Do you like sweet zongzi or salty zongzi? Come and make your own zongzi with your favorite taste. Teacher: Ms. Chen (WeChat: Chen 713799) Cupcake Fun (Friday 4:30 pm or Saturday 3:00 pm) Are you a fan of cupcakes? Our teachers will show you how to make all kinds of your favorite cupcakes. Teacher: Ms. Brown (Tel: 578-8556) Go to www.happycookingclub.com to sign up (报名) for the classes! Note: You may use the oven or the knife during the classes. Boiling water is also needed sometimes. Please be careful! 1. What are needed to make hamburgers in the club? A. Bread, rice and lettuce. B. Beef, bread and chicken. C. Vegetables, eggs and meat. D. Lettuce, fish and noodles. 2. How can you sign up for the cooking classes? A. Visit the club’s website. B. Call the club directly. C. Send a letter to the club. D. Chat with the teachers on WeChat. 3. Tom has time only on weekends. Which class can he take? A. Jiaozi Magic. B. Easy Hamburger. C. Tasty Zongzi. D. Cupcake Fun. B Bob dreams of being a successful scientist. He knows well that to make this dream come true, he must do well in math and physics. Bob loves science very much. In his free time, he often reads science books and hopes to become a great scientist when he grows up. Bob studied hard in these two subjects, but he failed his physics exam. He was so sad that he thought his dream would never come true. His eyes were filled with tears, and he walked home slowly. When he got home, his mother was busy preparing dinner. He told his mother about his failure in a low voice. After listening carefully, his mother gave him a peanut (花生) and said, “Pinch (捏) it hard.” Bob did as he was told, and the peanut shell broke, showing a peanut kernel (仁) inside. Then his mother asked him to pinch the kernel, and the red skin fell off, leaving only the white fruit. Bob’s mother asked him to pinch the white fruit again. Bob felt confused, but he tried his best. However, no matter how hard he pinched, he couldn’t break the white fruit. He looked at his mother quietly, waiting for her to explain. At last, his mother said to him, “In our life, we will meet many difficulties. But as long as we have a strong heart and never give up, we still have a chance to make our dreams come true.” After that, Bob understood his mother’s words. He was thankful to her and took out his physics paper. He decided to study harder and ask his physics teacher for help with the problems he didn’t understand. 4. Why did Bob feel sad? A. He failed his math exam. B. He lost his science books. C. He did badly in his physics exam. D. His mother was angry with him. 5. How did Bob’s feelings change? A. Sad→confused→thankful. B. Sad→proud→happy. C. Thankful→proud→sad. D. Confused→thankful→proud. 6. What can we know from the passage? A. Bob’s mother is a teacher. B. Bob will give up his dream. C. Bob will work hard at physics. D. Bob’s mother will help him with his study. 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to make a dream come true easily. B. Bob failed his physics exam and felt sad. C. Bob loves science and reads many science books. D. How Bob’s mother taught him a lesson with a peanut. C Are you good at expressing your ideas clearly? China Youth Daily made a social survey about young people’s communication problems. Over 1,300 young people joined this activity, and sixty percent of them finished their college studies. The survey showed many young people had talking troubles. 47.1% of them thought they were weak in spoken language, while 41.5% felt it hard to communicate with work partners. A 28-year-old manager named Chen Chen from Beijing shared his real experience. He found most workers failed to say things correctly. They always used unclear sentences like “it is wrong” or “please check once more” instead of specific (明确的) expressions. Guo Xiao’an, a language expert from Chongqing University, pointed out this common problem. Now lots of teenagers love using popular online words in daily life. These new words are easy and fun, so they seldom use standard (规范的) and formal words gradually. That makes them unable to express thoughts clearly. The survey also found two main reasons for poor speaking ability. 54% of young people agreed that little reading was the biggest cause. Besides, more than half of them used too many online funny sayings and cute stickers (标签) every day. Slowly, they lost proper words to talk with others calmly. Luckily, most young people know ways to improve themselves. Around 58% advise reading more books to enrich words. Almost half also suggest having more face-to-face talks with family and friends. Simple small changes can help us become better communicators. 8. Why did Chen Chen feel hard to communicate at work? A. He had no time to talk with other workers. B. Workers always refused to check their own work. C. Workmates didn’t use exact words to show problems. D. He uses too many funny online expressions every day. 9. What is the main problem most young people have according to the survey? A. They can’t finish their college study well. B. They dislike making friends with work partners. C. They have trouble expressing their thoughts clearly. D. They know too many interesting online popular words. 10. We can infer (推断) from the passage that ________. A. using stickers can badly hurt people’s daily life B. more reading helps people get more useful words C. face-to-face talks are useless for improving speech D. most young people hate using internet hot words now 11. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To use new words from the internet more often. B. To introduce the ways of using traditional words. C. To help people understand the importance of writing. D. To ask people to pay more attention to showing ideas clearly. D If you have ever watched a dog sleep, you may wonder, “Do animals dream?” It is not an easy question to answer. We still don’t know why humans dream or if dreams are important. Studying animal dreams is more difficult. Dogs can’t tell us why they whine (呜咽) or move their legs while they are asleep. But scientists are working hard to find out more about animal dreams, and they have got some useful information. Cats are one of the first animals that scientists study. They find that some sleeping cats move as if they are awake — they act like they are hunting, jumping or fighting with something imaginary. Scientists call this “REM sleep behavior disorder (行为障碍)”. REM sleep is a time when you sleep: your body is still, but your brain is very active. Unlike normal cats, cats with this disorder move their bodies when they dream. This helps scientists know what is going on in their brains when they sleep. Rats’ dreams are a little different. Studies show that after rats run in a maze (迷宫) during the day, they can “run” the same path again while they sleep. This tells us that part of the rats’ brains can make and keep memories when they are awake. Then, when they sleep, these memories come back. Zebra finches (草雀), a kind of small singing bird, also repeat their daily experiences in their dreams. When these birds sleep, their brains repeat the songs they heard and sang that day. This shows that the birds remember and practice the songs when they sleep. Many scientists think these birds’ sleep is similar to humans’ sleep. Now, scientists are not surprised to find that animals have dreams. They are getting closer to explaining why animals dream in a scientific way. 12. Why is it hard to study animal dreams? A. Animals can’t talk about their dreams. B. Animals seldom have dreams at night. C. Scientists have no time to study them. D. Animals’ dreams are too short to find. 13. What do we know about cats with REM sleep behavior disorder? A. They don’t sleep at night. B. Their bodies move when they dream. C. Their brains are not active during sleep. D. They can be awake quickly to go jumping. 14. What can we infer from the passage? A. Animals have similar kinds of dreams. B. Scientists have fully explained animal dreams. C. Zebra finches can sing new songs in their dreams. D. Rats can remember the way through the maze when they sleep. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How scientists study human dreams. B. Different kinds of animals’ daily lives. C. Scientists’ research on animal dreams. D. Why animals need to sleep and dream. 第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Plants are amazing! In the past, there were some ideas that plants had feelings and could act like people. ___16___ They are not like humans, but they can do many surprising things to live better. Protecting (保护) themselves ___17___ For example, when worms (虫子) eat them, tomato plants can make their leaves taste bad with a special juice. This can even make the worms eat each other! Corn (玉米) plants can check what worms leave behind and then use that information to call a bee to hunt the worms. Plant communication ___18___ They mainly use special air. There are small openings on plants that look like little fish mouths under a microscope (显微镜). ___19___ When a plant has problems, like being eaten or hurt by wind, it sends a “call”. Other plants close to it can get this “call” and get ready to stay safe. Plant memory Do plants have memory? One example is the “memory of winter”. Many fruit trees need to “remember” the number of cold days in winter to blossom (开花) in spring. They remember the cold and warm days to stop flowering too early during a warm time in winter. ___20___ Now, when we look at plants in a park, we can think of them as little “strangers” with their own “stories” going on all around. We don’t know if they feel pain (疼痛), but they sense touch or respond (反应) to being eaten, even though they don’t feel pain like we do. Next time you see a plant, take a minute to watch it carefully! A. Plants can also talk to each other. B. This helps them grow better in spring. C. Plants show their special abilities in different ways. D. These openings let out air with information. E. One way is how plants make themselves safe. F. But now, new studies show that plants are unusual in their own ways. 第二部分 语言知识应用（共三节，满分25分） 第一节 完形填空（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2021, there was a student letter on the Internet. It touched a lot of people. The student’s name is Huang Guoping. He was a hard-working student from a small village. In the letter, he ____21____ all the people who gave him help in the past. At the same time, he told people what a ____22____ life he lived in the past and how he kept going. Huang Guoping was from a very poor family. When he was twelve, his mother left home because life was too hard. He had to live a hard life with his father and his grandmother. They lived in a small old house and often had no enough food to eat. His father always drank and didn’t ____23____ him. When he was 17 years old, both his father and his grandmother died. This made his life much harder. ____24____ life was very difficult for him, he still kept going to school and worked hard. Luckily, many people ____25____ him, like his teachers and classmates. He was more hard-working than before. He always got great grades. He got up early every morning to read books and did lots of exercises in his free time. He never gave up easily when he met ____26____. “He is ____27____ in computer science,” said Rao Bin, Huang’s head teacher at high school. “He often ____28____ first place in past competitions.” Huang Guoping shared his experience in the letter and decided to help others in need. He hopes more poor students can ____29____ studying bravely and never lose hope. His strong spirit is ____30____ the light in the dark, guiding many people to move forward. 21. A. told B. showed C. explained D. thanked 22. A. rich B. hard C. happy D. sad 23. A. look for B. talk with C. care about D. listen to 24. A. Although B. If C. Because D. So 25. A. taught B. served C. influenced D. helped 26. A. rules B. dreams C. problems D. messages 27. A. weak B. strict C. talented D. busy 28. A. won B. lost C. forgot D. chose 29. A. enjoy B. keep C. stop D. remember 30. A. like B. as C. for D. with 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Physical education plays an important role in the lives of middle school students in China. It is one of the most popular ___31___ (subject) among students. They ___32___ (active) take part in different kinds of physical activities. They attend physical education classes and learn the skills and rules of popular sports such as ___33___ (run), high jump, basketball, football, table tennis, or badminton. These experiences can improve their physical fitness and mental health. Besides PE classes, students often enter school sports events. In the school events, they have a chance ___34___ (represent) their class. In competitions between schools, they may compete for their school ___35___ students from other schools. In these competitions, of course, they always want to win for ___36___ (they) and their team. But it is not all about winning. Win or lose, they can learn the values of friendship, fair play, and team spirit. What’s more, some middle schools in China offer traditional sports programmes ___37___ kung fu or cuju. These programmes can help students build up their ___38___ (body) and character. More importantly, they serve as a way for students to experience the ___39___ (beautiful) of traditional Chinese culture. Almost all middle school students like physical activities which are good for their health. And schools ____40____ (improve) their physical education now, because it is very likely to shape who their students are and who they will be. 第三节 单词填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 41. My ________ (肚子) hurts badly after eating too much cold food. 42. It is a great ________ (荣幸) for me to get this nice prize. 43. We always ________ (依赖) on our parents when we are young. 44. She will ________ (设计) a beautiful card for her best friend. 45. Don’t ________ (失望) your teachers with your lazy study. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Guilin rice noodles are very popular traditional food from Guilin, Guangxi. They taste very special, so many tourists like them very much. In 2021, the government put the special way of making these noodles into China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) List. Now it has become an important part of Chinese culture. Long Fusun is a good cook in his sixties. He is good at making these traditional rice noodles. He started to make noodles at the age of twenty. He works hard to teach others his skills, so these skills will not disappear. In 1983, when Long was a high school student, he learned to make noodles in a small shop. “It was really hard to learn,” he said. “The soup needed many different spices, and we had no tools to weigh them. We had to guess the weight with our hands.” This practice helped him know how much spice to use. Good soup makes Guilin rice noodles so delicious. When he was in his twenties, Long opened his first rice noodle shop. Now, his shops are very famous in Guilin and have become a popular brand. To share his skills, Long often teaches his students carefully. He also works with some cooking schools. He hopes more people will learn to make Guilin rice noodles in the future. Long’s biggest dream is to let the whole world know the taste of Guilin. “Ten years ago, I opened a factory. Shops across China can buy noodle materials from it,” he said. “My next goal is to sell my products to other countries.” 46. Why do many tourists love Guilin rice noodles? _______________________________________________________ 47. How long has Long Fusun made Guilin rice noodles? _______________________________________________________ 48. How did Long Fusun guess the number of spices at first? _______________________________________________________ 49. What does Long Fusun do to share his skills? _______________________________________________________ 50. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. _______________________________________________________ 第二节 写作（满分20分） 51. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack在邮件中说他在新学校很难交到朋友，因为他不知道如何与同学交流。请根据以下提示，给Jack写一封电子邮件，给他一些建议。 提示： 1.主动打招呼，询问同学的兴趣爱好； 2.认真倾听，保持微笑； 3.避免谈论私人话题； 4.真诚待人，乐于助人。 要求： 1.词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 2.要点齐全，句子通顺，语法正确； 3.不能出现真实的人名和校名。 Dear Jack, I’m sorry to hear that you’re having trouble making friends at your new school. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年度第二学期期末学业水平考试初二英语试题 （100分钟，90分） 考生注意： 1．答题前请把答题卡密封线内的项目填写清楚。 2．请把所选的所有试题的答案涂在（用2B铅笔）或填写在（用0.5毫米黑色签字笔）答题卡上。考试结束只收交答题卡。在试卷上和答题卡指定区域外的答案无效。 第一部分 阅读理解 共两节，满分35分 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Fun Cooking Classes for Children at Cooking Club Jiaozi Magic (Tuesday 4:40 pm or Thursday 5:00 pm) Do you like jiaozi? What fillings do you prefer — vegetables, eggs, meat or fish? You can also learn to make jiaozi in different colors here! Come and have fun with us. Teacher: Mr. Zhang (Tel: 578-7655) Easy Hamburger (Wednesday 4:30 pm or Thursday 5:30 pm) Making hamburgers is not difficult at all! You just need bread, beef, chicken, salad cream and lettuce. Join us to learn how to make hamburgers with these simple things. Teacher: Mrs. White (E-mail: whitehamburger@sina.com) Tasty Zongzi (Monday 4:50 pm or Friday 5:00 pm) Do you like sweet zongzi or salty zongzi? Come and make your own zongzi with your favorite taste. Teacher: Ms. Chen (WeChat: Chen 713799) Cupcake Fun (Friday 4:30 pm or Saturday 3:00 pm) Are you a fan of cupcakes? Our teachers will show you how to make all kinds of your favorite cupcakes. Teacher: Ms. Brown (Tel: 578-8556) Go to www.happycookingclub.com to sign up (报名) for the classes! Note: You may use the oven or the knife during the classes. Boiling water is also needed sometimes. Please be careful! 1. What are needed to make hamburgers in the club? A. Bread, rice and lettuce. B. Beef, bread and chicken. C. Vegetables, eggs and meat. D. Lettuce, fish and noodles. 2. How can you sign up for the cooking classes? A. Visit the club’s website. B. Call the club directly. C. Send a letter to the club. D. Chat with the teachers on WeChat. 3. Tom has time only on weekends. Which class can he take? A. Jiaozi Magic. B. Easy Hamburger. C. Tasty Zongzi. D. Cupcake Fun. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一则广告类应用文，介绍烹饪俱乐部面向儿童开设的四门趣味烹饪课程，分别说明课程时间、制作食物、授课老师及联系方式，同时告知报名网址和上课安全注意事项。 【1题详解】 原文Easy Hamburger板块：“You just need bread, beef, chicken, salad cream and lettuce.”，制作汉堡需要面包、牛肉、鸡肉、沙拉酱和生菜。 【2题详解】 文末报名提示：“Go to www.happycookingclub.com to sign up (报名) for the classes!”，可以访问俱乐部网站报名课程。 【3题详解】 Cupcake Fun课程时间标注：“(Friday 4:30 pm or Saturday 3:00 pm)”，周六属于周末，只有该课程有周末时段。 B Bob dreams of being a successful scientist. He knows well that to make this dream come true, he must do well in math and physics. Bob loves science very much. In his free time, he often reads science books and hopes to become a great scientist when he grows up. Bob studied hard in these two subjects, but he failed his physics exam. He was so sad that he thought his dream would never come true. His eyes were filled with tears, and he walked home slowly. When he got home, his mother was busy preparing dinner. He told his mother about his failure in a low voice. After listening carefully, his mother gave him a peanut (花生) and said, “Pinch (捏) it hard.” Bob did as he was told, and the peanut shell broke, showing a peanut kernel (仁) inside. Then his mother asked him to pinch the kernel, and the red skin fell off, leaving only the white fruit. Bob’s mother asked him to pinch the white fruit again. Bob felt confused, but he tried his best. However, no matter how hard he pinched, he couldn’t break the white fruit. He looked at his mother quietly, waiting for her to explain. At last, his mother said to him, “In our life, we will meet many difficulties. But as long as we have a strong heart and never give up, we still have a chance to make our dreams come true.” After that, Bob understood his mother’s words. He was thankful to her and took out his physics paper. He decided to study harder and ask his physics teacher for help with the problems he didn’t understand. 4. Why did Bob feel sad? A. He failed his math exam. B. He lost his science books. C. He did badly in his physics exam. D. His mother was angry with him. 5. How did Bob’s feelings change? A. Sad→confused→thankful. B. Sad→proud→happy. C. Thankful→proud→sad. D. Confused→thankful→proud. 6. What can we know from the passage? A. Bob’s mother is a teacher. B. Bob will give up his dream. C. Bob will work hard at physics. D. Bob’s mother will help him with his study. 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to make a dream come true easily. B. Bob failed his physics exam and felt sad. C. Bob loves science and reads many science books. D. How Bob’s mother taught him a lesson with a peanut. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲鲍勃立志成为科学家，物理考试失利后十分沮丧，妈妈用捏花生的事例开导他，让他明白遇到挫折要有坚韧内心、不轻言放弃，之后鲍勃重拾信心，决定更加努力学习物理。 【4题详解】 根据文章第二段“Bob studied hard in these two subjects, but he failed his physics exam. He was so sad...”可知，Bob感到伤心是因为他物理考试不及格。 【5题详解】 根据第二段“He was so sad...”可知起初是伤心 (Sad)；根据第三段“Bob felt confused...”可知母亲让他继续捏果仁时他感到困惑 (confused)；根据第五段“He was thankful to her...”可知最后他对母亲感到感激 (thankful)。情绪变化顺序为Sad→confused→thankful。 【6题详解】 根据文章最后一段“He decided to study harder and ask his physics teacher for help...”可知，Bob决定更加努力学习物理并向老师求助。A项文中未提及母亲职业；B项与文意相反，他没有放弃；D项文中说是向物理老师求助而非母亲辅导学习。 【7题详解】 文章主要讲述了Bob考试失利后，母亲通过捏花生的事例教导他要有坚强的心，不要放弃，从而让他重拾信心。D选项“鲍勃的母亲如何用花生给他上了一课”最能概括文章的核心情节和寓意。A项“容易地”与文意不符；B、C项仅为文章细节。 C Are you good at expressing your ideas clearly? China Youth Daily made a social survey about young people’s communication problems. Over 1,300 young people joined this activity, and sixty percent of them finished their college studies. The survey showed many young people had talking troubles. 47.1% of them thought they were weak in spoken language, while 41.5% felt it hard to communicate with work partners. A 28-year-old manager named Chen Chen from Beijing shared his real experience. He found most workers failed to say things correctly. They always used unclear sentences like “it is wrong” or “please check once more” instead of specific (明确的) expressions. Guo Xiao’an, a language expert from Chongqing University, pointed out this common problem. Now lots of teenagers love using popular online words in daily life. These new words are easy and fun, so they seldom use standard (规范的) and formal words gradually. That makes them unable to express thoughts clearly. The survey also found two main reasons for poor speaking ability. 54% of young people agreed that little reading was the biggest cause. Besides, more than half of them used too many online funny sayings and cute stickers (标签) every day. Slowly, they lost proper words to talk with others calmly. Luckily, most young people know ways to improve themselves. Around 58% advise reading more books to enrich words. Almost half also suggest having more face-to-face talks with family and friends. Simple small changes can help us become better communicators. 8. Why did Chen Chen feel hard to communicate at work? A. He had no time to talk with other workers. B. Workers always refused to check their own work. C. Workmates didn’t use exact words to show problems. D. He uses too many funny online expressions every day. 9. What is the main problem most young people have according to the survey? A. They can’t finish their college study well. B. They dislike making friends with work partners. C. They have trouble expressing their thoughts clearly. D. They know too many interesting online popular words. 10. We can infer (推断) from the passage that ________. A. using stickers can badly hurt people’s daily life B. more reading helps people get more useful words C. face-to-face talks are useless for improving speech D. most young people hate using internet hot words now 11. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To use new words from the internet more often. B. To introduce the ways of using traditional words. C. To help people understand the importance of writing. D. To ask people to pay more attention to showing ideas clearly. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述《中国青年报》开展的一项关于年轻人沟通问题的社会调查，指出当下多数年轻人存在清晰表达想法的交流困境，分析了口语薄弱的两大成因，并给出提升表达能力的可行办法。 【8题详解】 第二段引用北京管理者陈晨的真实经历：“He found most workers failed to say things correctly. They always used unclear sentences like ‘it is wrong’ or ‘please check once more’ instead of specific (明确的) expressions.”，这直接说明同事不会使用精准词汇说明问题，造成职场沟通困难。 【9题详解】 第二段开篇点明调查结果：“The survey showed many young people had talking troubles.”，后文分别列举口语薄弱、职场沟通困难等表现，核心问题是年轻人难以清晰表达自身想法。 【10题详解】 第四段提到54%的年轻人认为阅读量少是口语差的首要原因，第五段给出改善建议：“Around 58% advise reading more books to enrich words”，由此可推断多阅读能帮助人们积累更多实用词汇。 【11题详解】 全文开篇以问句“Are you good at expressing your ideas clearly?”引出话题，中间分析年轻人表达受阻的现状与根源，结尾给出改善表达的方法，全文意在呼吁人们重视清晰传递自身观点。 D If you have ever watched a dog sleep, you may wonder, “Do animals dream?” It is not an easy question to answer. We still don’t know why humans dream or if dreams are important. Studying animal dreams is more difficult. Dogs can’t tell us why they whine (呜咽) or move their legs while they are asleep. But scientists are working hard to find out more about animal dreams, and they have got some useful information. Cats are one of the first animals that scientists study. They find that some sleeping cats move as if they are awake — they act like they are hunting, jumping or fighting with something imaginary. Scientists call this “REM sleep behavior disorder (行为障碍)”. REM sleep is a time when you sleep: your body is still, but your brain is very active. Unlike normal cats, cats with this disorder move their bodies when they dream. This helps scientists know what is going on in their brains when they sleep. Rats’ dreams are a little different. Studies show that after rats run in a maze (迷宫) during the day, they can “run” the same path again while they sleep. This tells us that part of the rats’ brains can make and keep memories when they are awake. Then, when they sleep, these memories come back. Zebra finches (草雀), a kind of small singing bird, also repeat their daily experiences in their dreams. When these birds sleep, their brains repeat the songs they heard and sang that day. This shows that the birds remember and practice the songs when they sleep. Many scientists think these birds’ sleep is similar to humans’ sleep. Now, scientists are not surprised to find that animals have dreams. They are getting closer to explaining why animals dream in a scientific way. 12. Why is it hard to study animal dreams? A. Animals can’t talk about their dreams. B. Animals seldom have dreams at night. C. Scientists have no time to study them. D. Animals’ dreams are too short to find. 13. What do we know about cats with REM sleep behavior disorder? A. They don’t sleep at night. B. Their bodies move when they dream. C. Their brains are not active during sleep. D. They can be awake quickly to go jumping. 14. What can we infer from the passage? A. Animals have similar kinds of dreams. B. Scientists have fully explained animal dreams. C. Zebra finches can sing new songs in their dreams. D. Rats can remember the way through the maze when they sleep. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How scientists study human dreams. B. Different kinds of animals’ daily lives. C. Scientists’ research on animal dreams. D. Why animals need to sleep and dream. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，围绕动物是否会做梦这一问题展开，介绍了科学家针对猫、老鼠、草雀三类动物开展的梦境相关研究，呈现了不同动物的梦境特征与研究发现，表明动物同样会做梦，且相关研究正持续推进。 【12题详解】 根据原文第一段“Studying animal dreams is more difficult. Dogs can’t tell us why they whine or move their legs while they are asleep.”可知动物无法用语言表述自己的梦境内容与相关感受，这是研究难以推进的核心原因。 【13题详解】 根据原文第二段“Unlike normal cats, cats with this disorder move their bodies when they dream.”可知患有该障碍的猫和正常猫不同，会在做梦时出现肢体活动。 【14题详解】 根据原文第三段“Studies show that after rats run in a maze during the day, they can ‘run’ the same path again while they sleep.”可知老鼠白天走过迷宫后，睡眠时会在脑中重现相同的行进路径，由此可知老鼠在睡眠状态下能够记住迷宫的路线。 【15题详解】 全文开篇提出“动物是否会做梦”的问题，随后分别介绍了科学家针对猫、老鼠、草雀开展的梦境相关研究，最后说明相关研究正不断深入，核心内容是科学家关于动物梦境的研究。 第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Plants are amazing! In the past, there were some ideas that plants had feelings and could act like people. ___16___ They are not like humans, but they can do many surprising things to live better. Protecting (保护) themselves ___17___ For example, when worms (虫子) eat them, tomato plants can make their leaves taste bad with a special juice. This can even make the worms eat each other! Corn (玉米) plants can check what worms leave behind and then use that information to call a bee to hunt the worms. Plant communication ___18___ They mainly use special air. There are small openings on plants that look like little fish mouths under a microscope (显微镜). ___19___ When a plant has problems, like being eaten or hurt by wind, it sends a “call”. Other plants close to it can get this “call” and get ready to stay safe. Plant memory Do plants have memory? One example is the “memory of winter”. Many fruit trees need to “remember” the number of cold days in winter to blossom (开花) in spring. They remember the cold and warm days to stop flowering too early during a warm time in winter. ___20___ Now, when we look at plants in a park, we can think of them as little “strangers” with their own “stories” going on all around. We don’t know if they feel pain (疼痛), but they sense touch or respond (反应) to being eaten, even though they don’t feel pain like we do. Next time you see a plant, take a minute to watch it carefully! A. Plants can also talk to each other. B. This helps them grow better in spring. C. Plants show their special abilities in different ways. D. These openings let out air with information. E. One way is how plants make themselves safe. F. But now, new studies show that plants are unusual in their own ways. 【答案】16. F 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物虽然不像人类那样有感情，但它们拥有自我保护、相互交流以及记忆等令人惊讶的特殊能力。 【16题详解】 根据上文“In the past, there were some ideas that plants had feelings and could act like people.”以及下文“They are not like humans, but they can do many surprising things to live better.”可知，前文介绍了过去人们对植物的传统认知，后文点明植物有着自身独特的神奇之处。F选项“But now, new studies show that plants are unusual in their own ways.”承接过去的观点，通过转折引出新的研究结论，自然引出下文对植物特殊能力的介绍，符合语境。 【17题详解】 根据上文小标题“Protecting themselves”以及下文“For example, when worms eat them, tomato plants can make their leaves taste bad with a special juice.”可知，本段围绕植物的自我保护机制展开，后文通过具体事例说明植物的自保方式。E选项“One way is how plants make themselves safe.”引出植物自我保护的相关内容，契合本段主题，引出后文的具体例子，符合语境。 【18题详解】 根据上文小标题“Plant communication”以及下文“They mainly use special air.”可知，本段讲解植物之间的交流方式，后文介绍植物交流的媒介。A选项“Plants can also talk to each other.”点明植物具备相互交流的能力，对应本段主题，引出后文对交流方式的具体说明，符合语境。 【19题详解】 根据上文“There are small openings on plants that look like little fish mouths under a microscope.”以及下文“When a plant has problems, like being eaten or hurt by wind, it sends a ‘call’.” 可知，前文介绍了植物表面的细小气孔，后文说明植物遇到危险时会发出预警信号。D选项“These openings let out air with information.”中的These openings指代前文的small openings，解释了气孔传递信息的作用，衔接上下文内容，符合语境。 【20题详解】 根据上文“They remember the cold and warm days to stop flowering too early during a warm time in winter.”可知，前文说明果树通过记忆气温变化避免冬季暖期过早开花，此处点明这种能力的作用。B选项“This helps them grow better in spring.”中的This指代植物记忆温度的能力，说明其对植物春季生长的益处，承接上文内容，符合语境。 第二部分 语言知识应用（共三节，满分25分） 第一节 完形填空（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2021, there was a student letter on the Internet. It touched a lot of people. The student’s name is Huang Guoping. He was a hard-working student from a small village. In the letter, he ____21____ all the people who gave him help in the past. At the same time, he told people what a ____22____ life he lived in the past and how he kept going. Huang Guoping was from a very poor family. When he was twelve, his mother left home because life was too hard. He had to live a hard life with his father and his grandmother. They lived in a small old house and often had no enough food to eat. His father always drank and didn’t ____23____ him. When he was 17 years old, both his father and his grandmother died. This made his life much harder. ____24____ life was very difficult for him, he still kept going to school and worked hard. Luckily, many people ____25____ him, like his teachers and classmates. He was more hard-working than before. He always got great grades. He got up early every morning to read books and did lots of exercises in his free time. He never gave up easily when he met ____26____. “He is ____27____ in computer science,” said Rao Bin, Huang’s head teacher at high school. “He often ____28____ first place in past competitions.” Huang Guoping shared his experience in the letter and decided to help others in need. He hopes more poor students can ____29____ studying bravely and never lose hope. His strong spirit is ____30____ the light in the dark, guiding many people to move forward. 21. A. told B. showed C. explained D. thanked 22. A. rich B. hard C. happy D. sad 23. A. look for B. talk with C. care about D. listen to 24. A. Although B. If C. Because D. So 25. A. taught B. served C. influenced D. helped 26. A. rules B. dreams C. problems D. messages 27. A. weak B. strict C. talented D. busy 28. A. won B. lost C. forgot D. chose 29. A. enjoy B. keep C. stop D. remember 30. A. like B. as C. for D. with 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述黄国平出身贫寒、历经多重生活磨难，却始终刻苦求学，在书信中感恩所有帮助过他的人，并激励贫困学生坚持学习、心怀希望的故事。 【21题详解】 句意：在信里，他感谢所有过去给予他帮助的人。 根据后文“all the people who gave him help in the past”，他人曾经给予帮助，对应心怀感激的行为，thanked“感谢”，贴合感恩助人者的语境；told“告诉”；showed“展示”；explained“解释”，均无法对应感谢帮扶自己的人的语义。 【22题详解】 句意：与此同时，他向人们讲述自己过去过着多么艰苦的生活，以及自己是如何坚持下去的。 根据第二段“Huang Guoping was from a very poor family”，全文铺垫他家境贫寒、生活困苦，hard“艰苦的”，匹配贫寒多难的生活状态；rich“富裕的”；happy“幸福的”；sad“悲伤的”，sad侧重情绪，无法形容整体生活状况。 【23题详解】 句意：他的父亲总是酗酒，并不关心他。 根据前文家庭困苦、母亲离家的背景，父亲酗酒意味着疏于照料孩子，care about“关心；照料”，符合父亲忽视他的设定；look for“寻找”；talk with“交谈”；listen to“倾听”，都不能体现父亲缺失关怀的状态。 【24题详解】 句意：虽然生活对他来说十分艰难，但他依旧坚持上学、刻苦努力。 空格前后存在让步转折逻辑，Although“虽然”，用于引出艰难的处境，再转折表达他不放弃学习；If“如果”表假设；Because“因为”表原因；So“所以”表结果，三者无法构成让步转折关系。 【25题详解】 句意：幸运的是，很多人帮助了他，比如他的老师和同学。 根据第一段“all the people who gave him help in the past”，后文举例老师同学都是帮扶他的人，helped“帮助”，和前文gave him help形成呼应；taught“教授”；served“服务”；influenced“影响”，均不能对应他人给予帮扶的内容。 【26题详解】 句意：当他遇到难题时，他从不轻易放弃。 根据前文他坚持刻苦学习，遇到困难不退缩，problems“难题；困境”，对应求学路上会遭遇的阻碍；rules“规则”；dreams“梦想”；messages“信息”，均和“不轻易放弃”的逻辑不匹配。 【27题详解】 句意：“他在计算机科学方面很有天赋。”黄的高中班主任饶斌说道。 根据后文“He often won first place in the past competitions”，多次竞赛夺冠说明他在该学科有天赋，talented“有天赋的”，贴合竞赛获奖的铺垫；weak“薄弱的”；strict“严格的”；busy“忙碌的”，均无法解释竞赛取得好成绩的原因。 【28题详解】 句意：“他过去经常在竞赛中获得第一名。” first place表示取得名次，won“赢得；获得”，可搭配奖项、名次；lost“丢失；输掉”；forgot“忘记”；chose“选择”，都不能和第一名构成合理搭配。 【29题详解】 句意：他希望更多贫困学生能够勇敢坚持学习，永远不要失去希望。 固定搭配keep doing sth.表示持续做某事，keep“坚持；持续”，搭配studying表达持续求学；enjoy“享受”；stop“停止”；remember“记住”，无法贴合不放弃、持续读书的含义。 【30题详解】 句意：他强大的精神就像黑暗里的光，指引许多人向前奋进。 此处为比喻修辞，like“像”，用来将精神比作光亮；as“作为”；for“为了”；with“带有；和”，均不能用于表达比喻含义。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Physical education plays an important role in the lives of middle school students in China. It is one of the most popular ___31___ (subject) among students. They ___32___ (active) take part in different kinds of physical activities. They attend physical education classes and learn the skills and rules of popular sports such as ___33___ (run), high jump, basketball, football, table tennis, or badminton. These experiences can improve their physical fitness and mental health. Besides PE classes, students often enter school sports events. In the school events, they have a chance ___34___ (represent) their class. In competitions between schools, they may compete for their school ___35___ students from other schools. In these competitions, of course, they always want to win for ___36___ (they) and their team. But it is not all about winning. Win or lose, they can learn the values of friendship, fair play, and team spirit. What’s more, some middle schools in China offer traditional sports programmes ___37___ kung fu or cuju. These programmes can help students build up their ___38___ (body) and character. More importantly, they serve as a way for students to experience the ___39___ (beautiful) of traditional Chinese culture. Almost all middle school students like physical activities which are good for their health. And schools ____40____ (improve) their physical education now, because it is very likely to shape who their students are and who they will be. 【答案】31. subjects 32. actively 33. running 34. to represent 35. against 36. themselves 37. like 38. bodies 39. beauty 40. are improving 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍体育课在中国中学生生活中的重要地位，讲述体育课、校园赛事、传统武术蹴鞠课程带给学生身心、品格与文化层面的多重收获，点明各校正持续完善体育教学。 【31题详解】 句意：它是最受学生欢迎的科目之一。固定结构one of+可数名词复数，subject的复数形式为subjects。 【32题详解】 句意：他们积极参加各类体育活动。此处修饰动词take part in，需用副词，active的副词形式为actively。 【33题详解】 句意：他们上体育课，学习跑步、跳高、篮球、足球、乒乓球或羽毛球等热门运动的技巧与规则。such as后接动名词作举例，run的动名词形式为running。 【34题详解】 句意：在校级赛事中，他们有机会代表自己的班级。固定搭配have a chance to do sth.，填to represent。 【35题详解】 句意：在校际比赛中，他们可能代表本校和其他学校的学生比拼。这里双方是对立的参赛对手，用against贴合比赛对抗的含义，compete against sb.意为“与对手竞争、对抗”，填介词against。 【36题详解】 句意：当然，在这些比赛里，他们总想为自己和团队取胜。主语they与宾语指代同一群人，表达“他们自己”，用反身代词themselves。 【37题详解】 句意：此外，中国部分中学开设武术、蹴鞠这类传统体育课程。此处表示“例如、像”，用来举例传统运动项目，填介词like。 【38题详解】 句意：这些课程能帮助学生强健体魄、塑造品格。固定搭配build up one’s bodies意为“增强某人的体质；锻炼身体”；their后接可数名词复数，body的复数形式为bodies。 【39题详解】 句意：更重要的是，这为学生提供感受中华传统文化之美的途径。定冠词the后接名词，beautiful的名词形式为beauty。 【40题详解】 句意：如今各校都在完善体育教学，因为体育课很大程度上塑造学生当下与未来的人格。句中now是现在进行时标志，主语schools为复数，be动词用are，improve变为现在分词improving。 第三节 单词填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 41. My ________ (肚子) hurts badly after eating too much cold food. 【答案】stomach 【解析】 【详解】句意：吃了太多冷东西之后，我的肚子疼得厉害。动词hurts为第三人称单数形式，说明主语是单数名词，中文“肚子”对应的英文单词为stomach。 42. It is a great ________ (荣幸) for me to get this nice prize. 【答案】honour 【解析】 【详解】句意：能拿到这份不错的奖品对我来说是莫大的荣幸。不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数，中文“荣幸”对应的英文名词为honour。 43. We always ________ (依赖) on our parents when we are young. 【答案】depend 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们年幼时总是依赖父母。固定搭配depend on表示“依赖”，主语We是第一人称复数，由“always”可知时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形depend。 44. She will ________ (设计) a beautiful card for her best friend. 【答案】design 【解析】 【详解】句意：她将会为她最好的朋友设计一张漂亮的卡片。will是情态动词，后接动词原形，中文“设计”对应的英文单词为design。 45. Don’t ________ (失望) your teachers with your lazy study. 【答案】disappoint 【解析】 【详解】句意：不要因为你懒散的学习让老师们失望。本句为Don’t引导的否定祈使句，don’t后接动词原形；“失望”对应的动词为disappoint，disappoint sb.表示“使某人失望”。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Guilin rice noodles are very popular traditional food from Guilin, Guangxi. They taste very special, so many tourists like them very much. In 2021, the government put the special way of making these noodles into China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) List. Now it has become an important part of Chinese culture. Long Fusun is a good cook in his sixties. He is good at making these traditional rice noodles. He started to make noodles at the age of twenty. He works hard to teach others his skills, so these skills will not disappear. In 1983, when Long was a high school student, he learned to make noodles in a small shop. “It was really hard to learn,” he said. “The soup needed many different spices, and we had no tools to weigh them. We had to guess the weight with our hands.” This practice helped him know how much spice to use. Good soup makes Guilin rice noodles so delicious. When he was in his twenties, Long opened his first rice noodle shop. Now, his shops are very famous in Guilin and have become a popular brand. To share his skills, Long often teaches his students carefully. He also works with some cooking schools. He hopes more people will learn to make Guilin rice noodles in the future. Long’s biggest dream is to let the whole world know the taste of Guilin. “Ten years ago, I opened a factory. Shops across China can buy noodle materials from it,” he said. “My next goal is to sell my products to other countries.” 46. Why do many tourists love Guilin rice noodles? _______________________________________________________ 47. How long has Long Fusun made Guilin rice noodles? _______________________________________________________ 48. How did Long Fusun guess the number of spices at first? _______________________________________________________ 49. What does Long Fusun do to share his skills? _______________________________________________________ 50. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. _______________________________________________________ 【答案】46. Because they taste very special. 47. He has made them for at least 40 years. 48. He guessed the weight with his hands. 49. He often teaches his students carefully and works with some cooking schools. 50. 龙最大的梦想是让全世界都品尝到桂林的味道。 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了桂林米粉的文化地位以及厨师龙付孙传承技艺、推广米粉的故事。 【46题详解】 由第一段第二句“They taste very special, so many tourists like them very much.”可知，游客喜爱桂林米粉是因为它们味道很特别。 【47题详解】 由第二段“Long Fusun is a good cook in his sixties.”和“He started to make noodles at the age of twenty.”可知，他从20岁开始制作米粉，如今60多岁，意味着至少40年了。 【48题详解】 由第二段“We had to guess the weight with our hands.”可知，他最初用手来估测香料的重量。 【49题详解】 由第二段“Long often teaches his students carefully. He also works with some cooking schools.”可知，他通过认真教学和与烹饪学校合作来分享技艺。 【50题详解】 “最大的梦想”译为“biggest dream”；“让全世界”译为“let the whole world”；“品尝到”用“taste”表达，比“know”更符合“品尝”的语境；“桂林的味道”译为“the flavor of Guilin”。整句为“主语+系动词+不定式表语”结构，表示“某人的梦想是做某事”。 第二节 写作（满分20分） 51. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack在邮件中说他在新学校很难交到朋友，因为他不知道如何与同学交流。请根据以下提示，给Jack写一封电子邮件，给他一些建议。 提示： 1.主动打招呼，询问同学的兴趣爱好； 2.认真倾听，保持微笑； 3.避免谈论私人话题； 4.真诚待人，乐于助人。 要求： 1.词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 2.要点齐全，句子通顺，语法正确； 3.不能出现真实的人名和校名。 Dear Jack, I’m sorry to hear that you’re having trouble making friends at your new school. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jack, I’m sorry to hear that you’re having trouble making friends at your new school. Here are several useful suggestions for you. First, you should say hello actively and ask about their hobbies to find common topics. Second, listen carefully and keep smiling when talking with them. Third, it is wise to avoid talking about private topics. Finally, be sincere and ready to help others in need. I believe you can build close friendships quickly as long as you stick to these useful pieces of advice. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，一般现在时 明确要点：交友建议：①主动打招呼，询问爱好寻找共同话题；②交谈时认真倾听、保持微笑；③避开私人敏感话题；④待人真诚，主动帮助有需要的人 确定人称：第二人称you、第一人称I 注意事项：不出现真实校名、人名，书信格式完整（称呼、落款） [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：问候+共情，点明对方的烦恼（转校交友难），引出下文要给出建议 主体段：分层罗列四条交友技巧，用First/Second/Third/Finally逻辑词分层，逐条解释做法 结尾段：总结祝福，表达对Jack顺利交到朋友的信心 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：主动打招呼，询问爱好寻找共同话题 say hello actively and ask about their hobbies to find common topics/take the initiative to greet your classmates and learn about their interests so you can share the same subjects 要点二： 交谈时认真倾听、保持微笑 listen carefully and keep smiling when talking with them/pay close attention while they speak and wear a smile during conversations/listen to them attentively and don’t stop smiling as you communicate 要点三： 避开私人敏感话题 avoid talking about private topics/stay away from personal and sensitive subjects in talks. 要点四：待人真诚，主动帮助有需要的人 be sincere and ready to help others in need/treat everyone honestly and offer a hand to classmates who are in trouble 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $