内容正文:
中考英语单项选择易错题精讲与避坑大全
前言:老教研员的几句心里话
干了三十多年英语教研,中考题我是翻来覆去地看。说实话,单项选择这玩意儿,说难不难,说简单还真不简单。好多孩子平时学得不错,一到考试就栽在单选上,丢分丢得稀里糊涂,自己还不知道错在哪儿。
我跟你说句实在话——单选丢分,不是知识没学会,是坑没踩过。出题人那点心思,我太清楚了。他们就喜欢在你最容易忽略的地方下套,什么时态的时间状语藏在后面啊、语态的主语是物还是人啊、从句的先行词前面有个什么修饰词啊……这些东西,你要是没专门练过,考试的时候一紧张,十有八九要掉进去。
这本册子,是我把这些年带学生、改卷子、出模拟题攒下来的"易错题"整理出来的。不是什么难题偏题,都是看起来简单、一做就错的主儿。每道题我都给你把错因掰碎了讲,把"坑"给你标出来,再告诉你怎么一眼识破。
怎么用这本书?我给你个建议:别光看答案。先自己做,做错了,先琢磨自己哪儿想错了,再看我的解析。看完了还不算完,把每道题的"坑"记在心里,下次再遇到类似的,你得条件反射似的警觉起来。
记住了:单选这东西,不怕你不会,就怕你不知道自己哪儿会错。把这些坑都踩过一遍,考试的时候你就稳了。
——一位退休的老教研员
第一部分 高频考点易错题精讲
一、动词时态——最容易丢分的"时间陷阱"
动词时态,说起来就那八种,真考起来能变着花样给你挖坑。我改了这么多年卷子,时态题的错误率是最高的,不是学生不会,是时间线索藏得太深,一不留神就掉进去了。
时态题的八大"坑",务必记牢:
1. 时间状语后置:别一看开头就选,往往时间标志词藏在句子末尾甚至下一句
2. "主将从现"的伪装:不是只有if才用主将从现,时间状语从句、条件状语从句都是这个规矩
3. 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时:看有没有"对现在的影响",有就用完成时
4. 过去完成时的参照点:必须有一个过去的动作作为"参照物",更早的那个才用过去完成时
5. 进行时表将来:come, go, leave, arrive 这些词,进行时往往是"将要"的意思
6. 宾语从句时态呼应:主句过去时,从句要往后退一格(真理除外)
7. since/for 的区别:since + 时间点,for + 时间段,搞混就错
8. 延续性动词 vs 瞬间动词:完成时中与一段时间连用时,瞬间动词要变成延续性表达
下面这18道题,都是我从历年模拟题里挑出来的"经典易错题"。每道题的坑我都给你标出来了,仔细做,做完再看解析。
易错题精讲
1. — Where is Mr. Green? I haven't seen him for a few days.
— He _______ to Beijing for a meeting. He _______ back in three days.
A. has been; will come B. has gone; will come
C. has been; comes D. has gone; comes
【典型错因】分不清 have been to 和 have gone to 的区别;in three days 不知道用什么时态。很多同学看到 for a few days 就选 has been,以为是延续性的。
【正确答案】B
【解析】have been to 表示"去过(已回来)",have gone to 表示"去了(还没回)"。题目说"我几天没见到他了",说明人还没回来,所以用 has gone to。第二空 in three days 是"三天后",表将来,用一般将来时 will come。
⚠️ 坑点:for + 时间段 不是完成时的"专利",关键看动作是否延续、是否已完成。have gone to 虽然是瞬间动作,但结果状态可以延续。
2. By the time we got to the station, the train _______ for ten minutes.
A. had left B. has left
C. had been away D. has been away
【典型错因】看到 by the time 就选过去完成时,然后直接选 had left,忽略了 for ten minutes 这个时间段。
【正确答案】C
【解析】by the time + 一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,这没错。但 leave 是瞬间动词,不能和 for ten minutes 连用,要变成延续性表达 be away。所以是 had been away。
⚠️ 坑点:完成时 + 时间段,瞬间动词必须变延续性。这是中考超高频考点,几乎每年都考。
3. — I called you at 8:00 last night, but nobody answered.
— Oh, I _______ a walk with my mother at that time.
A. took B. was taking
C. am taking D. take
【典型错因】看到 last night 就选一般过去时 took,忽略了 at that time 这个具体时间点。
【正确答案】B
【解析】last night 是过去的时间,但 at that time 指的是"昨晚八点那个时刻",强调在那个时刻正在做什么,用过去进行时 was taking。
⚠️ 坑点:题目里有两个时间标志,一个大的(last night),一个具体的(at that time / at 8:00),听谁的?听具体的!具体时间点用进行时。
4. The teacher told us that the earth _______ around the sun.
A. goes B. went
C. was going D. is going
【典型错因】主句 told 是过去时,按照"时态呼应"原则,从句也用过去时,选了 went。
【正确答案】A
【解析】宾语从句中,如果从句说的是客观真理、自然现象,不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。地球绕太阳转是真理,所以用 goes。
⚠️ 坑点:时态呼应有例外——客观真理永远用一般现在时。这个考点考了几十年了,年年有人错。
5. I don't know if he _______ tomorrow. If he _______, I will tell you.
A. comes; comes B. will come; will come
C. comes; will come D. will come; comes
【典型错因】看到 if 就条件反射选一般现在时,两个空都选了 comes。
【正确答案】D
【解析】第一个 if 是"是否",引导宾语从句,tomorrow 表将来,用 will come;第二个 if 是"如果",引导条件状语从句,主将从现,用一般现在时 comes。
⚠️ 坑点:if 有两个意思:"是否"(宾语从句,时态按实际情况)和"如果"(条件状语从句,主将从现)。翻译一下就清楚了。
6. — How long _______ you _______ this bike?
— For two years.
A. have; bought B. did; buy
C. have; had D. do; buy
【典型错因】看到 how long 和 for two years 就选现在完成时,然后直接选 have bought。
【正确答案】C
【解析】how long 问的是持续多久,要用延续性动词。buy 是瞬间动词,不能和一段时间连用,要变成 have(拥有)。所以是 have had。
⚠️ 坑点:瞬间动词变延续性动词的常考搭配:buy→have, borrow→keep, leave→be away, join→be in, die→be dead, begin→be on。
7. Hurry up! The plane _______ in ten minutes.
A. takes off B. took off
C. is taking off D. has taken off
【典型错因】看到 in ten minutes 就选一般将来时,但选项里没有 will take off,就乱选了 takes off。
【正确答案】C
【解析】come, go, leave, arrive, take off 等表示位置移动的词,可以用现在进行时表将来,意思是"马上就要……了"。所以 is taking off 表示"飞机马上就要起飞了"。
⚠️ 坑点:不是所有将来时都用 will。表示"即将发生的动作",用进行时表将来更生动,这是中考的一个常考点。
8. She _______ to the Great Wall twice.
A. has been B. has gone
C. went D. goes
【典型错因】看到 twice 就觉得是"去过两次",但不确定用什么时态,选了 went。
【正确答案】A
【解析】twice 表示"两次",是到目前为止的经历,用现在完成时 has been to(去过,已回来)。has gone to 是去了没回,不能和次数连用。
⚠️ 坑点:次数(once, twice, three times)是现在完成时的标志词,表示"到目前为止的经历"。
9. When I got home, my mother _______ dinner.
A. cooked B. was cooking
C. cooks D. has cooked
【典型错因】看到 when 就觉得是"当……时候",主从句动作同时发生,都用过去时,选了 cooked。
【正确答案】B
【解析】when 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时(got home),主句如果是延续性动作,用过去进行时(was cooking)。意思是"我到家时,妈妈正在做饭"。
⚠️ 坑点:when 句型:短动作(一般过去时)+ 长动作(过去进行时)。短动作打断长动作。记住这个规律就不会错了。
10. — _______ you ever _______ to the US?
— Yes, I went there last year.
A. Did; go B. Have; been
C. Have; gone D. Do; go
【典型错因】看到 ever 就选现在完成时,但又看到 last year 就乱了,选了一般过去时。
【正确答案】B
【解析】ever 是"曾经",是现在完成时的标志词,问的是"到目前为止的经历",用 have been to(去过)。答句里的 last year 是具体过去时间,所以用一般过去时 went。
⚠️ 坑点:问句和答句时态可以不一样!问句问经历(完成时),答句说具体时间(过去时)。不要被答句的时态带偏了。
11. I _______ my homework yet. I have to finish it first.
A. didn't finish B. don't finish
C. haven't finished D. won't finish
【典型错因】看到 yet 不知道是什么时态的标志,凭感觉选了一般过去时或一般现在时。
【正确答案】C
【解析】yet 是现在完成时的标志词,用于否定句和疑问句,意思是"还(没)"。所以用 haven't finished。
⚠️ 坑点:yet, already, just, ever, never 都是现在完成时的标志词,看到就往完成时想。
12. The film _______ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema.
A. had been on B. had started
C. has been on D. has started
【典型错因】看到 when 就选过去完成时,然后直接选 had started,忽略了 for ten minutes。
【正确答案】A
【解析】"我们到电影院"是过去的动作(got),"电影开始"是在"到达"之前,是"过去的过去",用过去完成时。但 start 是瞬间动词,不能和 for ten minutes 连用,要变成 be on(上演)。所以是 had been on。
⚠️ 坑点:过去完成时 + 时间段,瞬间动词同样要变延续性。这个考点与时态+延续性是"双重坑"。
13. — What did the teacher say just now?
— He said that the sun _______ in the east.
A. rises B. rose
C. is rising D. was rising
【典型错因】主句 said 是过去时,从句也用过去时,选了 rose。
【正确答案】A
【解析】宾语从句中,客观真理、自然现象永远用一般现在时。太阳从东方升起是真理,所以用 rises。
⚠️ 坑点:又是客观真理的考点!换了个说法(太阳东升),本质一样。记住:凡是自然规律、科学真理,一律一般现在时。
14. I _______ to the party tonight because I have to study for a test.
A. don't go B. won't go
C. am not going D. didn't go
【典型错因】看到 tonight 就选一般将来时 won't go,没有考虑语境。
【正确答案】C
【解析】tonight 是将来时间,但这里表示"已经决定好的计划",用 be going to 结构更合适。am not going 表示"不打算去",是已经决定的事情。
⚠️ 坑点:will 表临时决定,be going to 表计划好的。题目中有原因(要备考),说明是计划好的,用 be going to。
15. By the end of last term, we _______ 2,000 English words.
A. have learned B. learned
C. had learned D. learn
【典型错因】看到 by the end of 就选现在完成时,没注意是 last term。
【正确答案】C
【解析】by the end of + 过去时间(last term),表示"到过去某个时间为止",用过去完成时 had learned。如果是 by the end of this term,才用现在完成时或将来完成时。
⚠️ 坑点:by the end of 后面跟的时间决定时态:跟过去时间→过去完成时;跟现在时间→现在完成时;跟将来时间→将来完成时。
16. — Look! What's that in the sky?
— Oh, it _______ a plane.
A. is B. was
C. will be D. has been
【典型错因】看到 Look! 就选现在进行时,但选项里没有进行时,就乱选了。
【正确答案】A
【解析】Look! 确实是现在进行时的标志,但这里的动词是 be(是),表示状态,不能用进行时。表示现在的状态,用一般现在时 is。
⚠️ 坑点:不是所有动词都有进行时!be动词、感官动词(look, sound, smell)、表示状态的动词(have, know, love)一般不用进行时。
17. He _______ in this city since he moved here in 2010.
A. lives B. lived
C. has lived D. will live
【典型错因】看到 since 就选现在完成时,但又看到 in 2010 就犹豫了,选了一般过去时。
【正确答案】C
【解析】since + 过去时间点(2010年),主句用现在完成时,表示"从过去某时一直持续到现在"。所以是 has lived。
⚠️ 坑点:since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。这是固定搭配,记住就好。
18. — I'm sorry, Mr. Li. I _______ my English book at home.
— That's OK. But don't forget tomorrow.
A. leave B. left
C. have left D. will leave
【典型错因】觉得"把书落家里"对现在有影响(没带书),就选了现在完成时。
【正确答案】B
【解析】leave sth. + 地点,表示"把某物落在某地",这个动作发生在过去(早上出门时),用一般过去时 left。虽然对现在有影响,但 leave 是瞬间动词,不能和现在完成时连用表示"落下"的状态。
⚠️ 坑点:不是所有"对现在有影响"都用现在完成时!瞬间动词的完成时不能表示持续状态。"落下东西"这个动作是过去的,用一般过去时就够了。
二、动词语态——"被"字里的弯弯绕
动词语态,说穿了就是"主动"和"被动"那点事儿。但真到考试,丢分的孩子可不少。为什么?因为被动语态的"坑"都藏在细节里——什么动词不能用被动啊、什么情况下to要还原啊、短语动词的介词丢没丢啊……稍不留神就错。
语态题的八大"坑",务必记牢:
1. 不及物动词无被动:happen, take place, appear, disappear 这些词,永远不能用被动语态
2. 感官/使役动词被动还原to:see/hear/make sb. do sth. 变被动后要加 to:sb. be seen to do
3. 双宾语的被动:直接宾语提前还是间接宾语提前?间接宾语前别忘了加 to/for
4. 短语动词被动不丢介词:look after, take care of, listen to 变被动时介词不能丢
5. 主动形式表被动:write well, sell well, wash easily, open easily 这些用主动表被动
6. 被动语态的时态:be 动词随时态变化,过去分词不变。别光记得 be done,忘了时态
7. "需要被……"的两种表达:need doing = need to be done,主动形式表被动意义
8. 不及物动词短语无被动:belong to, take part in, listen to 等,不能用被动
下面这16道题,都是语态题里的"经典陷阱"。仔细做,每道题的坑我都给你标出来了。
易错题精讲
1. Great changes _______ in our city in the past ten years.
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. took place D. were taken place
【典型错因】看到"变化被发生"就选被动语态,选了 have been taken place。
【正确答案】A
【解析】take place(发生)是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态。in the past ten years 是现在完成时的标志,所以用 have taken place。
⚠️ 坑点:happen, take place, occur, come about 这些表示"发生"的词,都是不及物的,永远不能用被动。这是中考第一大坑!
2. The boy was made _______ the classroom by his teacher.
A. clean B. to clean
C. cleaning D. cleaned
【典型错因】记得 make sb. do sth. 结构,变被动后还是用原形,选了 clean。
【正确答案】B
【解析】make sb. do sth.(让某人做某事)变被动语态时,要还原 to,变成 sb. be made to do sth.。所以是 was made to clean。
⚠️ 坑点:感官动词(see, hear, watch, notice, feel)和使役动词(make, let, have)后面跟不带to的不定式,变被动时to必须还原。这是每年必考的考点。
3. This kind of pen _______ very well. I like it very much.
A. is written B. writes
C. wrote D. is writing
【典型错因】觉得"笔被写",选了被动语态 is written。
【正确答案】B
【解析】write well(写起来流畅)是主动形式表被动意义,表示主语的属性或特点。类似的还有 sell well(好卖)、wash easily(好洗)、open easily(好开)等。
⚠️ 坑点:当动词后面有 well, easily, smoothly 等副词修饰,表示主语的性能、特点时,用主动形式表被动意义。这是一个很容易错的考点。
4. The book _______ by the end of last month.
A. was finished B. has been finished
C. had been finished D. will be finished
【典型错因】看到 by the end of 就选现在完成时,选了 has been finished。
【正确答案】C
【解析】by the end of + 过去时间(last month),主句用过去完成时。书是"被完成"的,所以用过去完成时的被动语态:had been finished。
⚠️ 坑点:被动语态也有时态变化!be 动词随时态变,过去分词不变。过去完成时被动:had been done;现在完成时被动:have/has been done。
5. The children _______ by the nurse in the kindergarten now.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of D. are taking good care of
【典型错因】知道用被动语态,但把介词 of 丢了,选了 are taken good care。
【正确答案】B
【解析】take good care of(好好照顾)是短语动词,变被动语态时,介词 of 不能丢。所以是 are taken good care of。
⚠️ 坑点:短语动词变被动时,介词或副词绝对不能丢!look after→be looked after, listen to→be listened to, talk about→be talked about。
6. The room needs _______. It's too dirty.
A. clean B. to clean
C. cleaning D. cleaned
【典型错因】觉得"房间需要被打扫",选了 to clean 或者直接用 clean。
【正确答案】C
【解析】need doing = need to be done,表示"需要被……",主动形式表被动意义。所以 needs cleaning = needs to be cleaned。
⚠️ 坑点:need, want, require 这几个词,后面跟动名词时主动形式表被动意义。记住:need doing = need to be done。
7. — Do you know who _______ the telephone?
— Yes, Bell did.
A. was invented B. invented
C. is invented D. invents
【典型错因】觉得"电话被发明",选了被动语态 was invented。
【正确答案】B
【解析】who 在这里是主语,指"谁发明了电话",动作是主动发出的,用主动语态 invented。如果是 The telephone _______ by Bell,才用被动。
⚠️ 坑点:先判断主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。主语是人,且发出动作,用主动;主语是物,承受动作,才用被动。别看到"发明"就条件反射选被动。
8. The bike _______ to me by my father as a birthday gift.
A. gave B. was given
C. gives D. is given
【典型错因】知道用被动,但不确定时态,选了 is given。
【正确答案】B
【解析】自行车是"被给"的,用被动语态。"爸爸送生日礼物"是过去发生的事,用一般过去时的被动:was given。
⚠️ 坑点:被动语态的时态判断:先看时间标志,再看语境。没有明确时间标志时,根据语境判断是过去、现在还是将来。
9. The old man should _______ politely.
A. speak to B. be spoken
C. be spoken to D. speak
【典型错因】知道用被动,但把介词 to 丢了,选了 be spoken。
【正确答案】C
【解析】speak to sb.(对某人说话)是固定搭配,变被动时介词 to 不能丢。所以是 should be spoken to。
⚠️ 坑点:又是短语动词被动不丢介词的考点!只要动词后面跟宾语时需要介词,变被动时介词就不能丢。
10. — I won't come to the party unless Sue _______ too.
— You mean if Sue comes, you'll come?
A. will invite B. invites
C. invited D. is invited
【典型错因】看到 unless 就主将从现,选了 invites,没考虑被动。
【正确答案】D
【解析】unless 引导条件状语从句,主将从现,从句用一般现在时。但 Sue 是"被邀请"的,所以用一般现在时的被动语态:is invited。
⚠️ 坑点:时态和语态结合考!先判断时态,再判断语态。别光顾着时态,忘了语态。
11. The music _______ beautiful. I like it very much.
A. sounds B. is sounded
C. is sounding D. sound
【典型错因】觉得"音乐被听起来",选了被动语态 is sounded。
【正确答案】A
【解析】sound(听起来)是感官动词,属于系动词,没有被动语态,也没有进行时。后面直接跟形容词 beautiful。
⚠️ 坑点:感官动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)作系动词时,没有被动语态,也没有进行时。这是一个常考点。
12. A new school _______ in our town next year.
A. will build B. will be built
C. is built D. has been built
【典型错因】看到 next year 就选一般将来时,忘了被动,选了 will build。
【正确答案】B
【解析】next year 是将来时间,学校是"被建造"的,所以用一般将来时的被动语态:will be built。
⚠️ 坑点:将来时被动:will be done / be going to be done。结构是:将来时 + be + 过去分词。别把 be 丢了。
13. The book _______ me 20 yuan.
A. costs B. is cost
C. costed D. is costed
【典型错因】觉得"书被花费了20元",选了被动语态。
【正确答案】A
【解析】cost(花费)是不及物动词,没有被动语态。sth. cost sb. money 表示"某物花了某人多少钱",用主动形式。
⚠️ 坑点:cost, take, spend, pay 这几个"花费"的词,只有 spend 和 pay 可以用人作主语且有被动;cost 和 take 一般用物作主语,没有被动。
14. The letter _______ three days ago and it _______ yesterday.
A. was posted; arrived B. posted; arrived
C. was posted; was arrived D. posted; was arrived
【典型错因】两个空都用被动,或者都用主动,搞不清楚。
【正确答案】A
【解析】第一空:信是"被邮寄"的,用被动 was posted;第二空:arrive(到达)是不及物动词,没有被动语态,用主动 arrived。
⚠️ 坑点:一个句子里可能既有主动又有被动,要逐个判断。不及物动词(arrive, happen, appear, disappear)永远没有被动。
15. The problem _______ by us yesterday.
A. was discussed B. discussed
C. is discussed D. discusses
【典型错因】看到 by us 就知道用被动,但时态搞错了,选了 is discussed。
【正确答案】A
【解析】yesterday 是过去时间,问题是"被讨论"的,所以用一般过去时的被动语态:was discussed。
⚠️ 坑点:by sb. 是被动语态的标志词,表示"被某人……"。看到 by + 人,优先考虑被动语态。
16. — Do you know when the play _______?
— Next month.
A. will put on B. will be put on
C. is put on D. puts on
【典型错因】知道用将来时,但忘了被动,选了 will put on;或者被动但丢了 on。
【正确答案】B
【解析】next month 是将来时间,戏剧是"被上演"的,put on(上演)是短语动词,变被动时 on 不能丢。所以是 will be put on。
⚠️ 坑点:put on, take off, turn on/off 这些"动词+副词"型短语动词,变被动时副词不能丢。又是一个"被动不丢词"的考点。
三、复合句——从句引导词的选择迷宫
复合句,说白了就是"句子套句子"。中考里考得最多的就是宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。这玩意儿说难不难,但陷阱特别多——什么语序啊、时态呼应啊、关系词选择啊……好多孩子一看到从句就发懵,选项看着哪个都对。
从句题的八大"坑",务必记牢:
1. 宾语从句用陈述语序:引导词后必须是"主语+谓语",不能是疑问句语序
2. 宾语从句时态呼应:主句过去时,从句要往后退一格(真理除外)
3. 定语从句先行词是人还是物:人用 who/that,物用 which/that,别搞混
4. 先行词被最高级/序数词修饰:只能用 that,不能用 which
5. 状语从句"主将从现":时间、条件状语从句,主句将来时,从句一般现在时
6. 宾语从句否定转移:I don't think/believe + 从句,否定在从句,形式在主句
7. if/whether 的区别:有 or not 时用 whether,介词后用 whether
8. 定语从句中的介词:介词+关系代词时,指人用 whom,指物用 which,不能用 that
下面这17道题,都是从句题里的"经典易错题"。每道题的坑我都给你标出来了,仔细做,别光记答案,要理解为什么错。
易错题精讲
1. — Could you tell me _______?
— He is an actor.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. what is he D. what he is
【典型错因】宾语从句用了疑问句语序,选了 what is he。
【正确答案】D
【解析】宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除A和C。答句说"他是演员",问的是职业,用 what 而不是 who。所以是 what he is。
⚠️ 坑点:宾语从句必须用陈述语序(引导词+主语+谓语)!这是中考第一大坑,几乎每年都考。看到疑问句语序的选项直接排除。
2. I don't know if he _______ tomorrow. If he _______, I'll tell you.
A. comes; comes B. will come; will come
C. will come; comes D. comes; will come
【典型错因】两个 if 分不清,都按主将从现选了 comes; comes。
【正确答案】C
【解析】第一个 if 是"是否",引导宾语从句,tomorrow 是将来时间,用 will come;第二个 if 是"如果",引导条件状语从句,主将从现,用 comes。
⚠️ 坑点:if 有两个意思:"是否"(宾语从句)和"如果"(条件状语从句)。宾语从句时态根据时间状语来;条件状语从句才用主将从现。别搞混了!
3. The book _______ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. who B. whom
C. which D. what
【典型错因】先行词是 book(物),但搞不清关系词,选了 who 或 what。
【正确答案】C
【解析】先行词是 the book(物),定语从句中 bought 后面缺宾语,所以用 which 或 that。who 和 whom 指人,what 不能引导定语从句。
⚠️ 坑点:定语从句第一步:先看先行词是人还是物。人用 who/whom/that,物用 which/that。这是最基本的,也是最容易错的。
4. — Do you know _______ the Capital Museum?
— Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit D. when they visited
【典型错因】宾语从句用了疑问句语序,或者时态搞错了。
【正确答案】B
【解析】宾语从句用陈述语序,排除A和C。答句是 Next Friday(下周五),将来时间,所以用一般将来时 will visit。
⚠️ 坑点:宾语从句的时态要根据答句或时间状语来判断。同时记住:陈述语序是铁律!
5. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that
C. who D. what
【典型错因】先行词是 film(物),选了 which,没注意前面有最高级。
【正确答案】B
【解析】先行词被最高级 the best 修饰时,定语从句的关系代词只能用 that,不能用 which。
⚠️ 坑点:先行词被最高级、序数词、the only/the very 修饰时,只能用 that,不能用 which。这是定语从句的经典考点。
6. He asked me _______ I could help him with his English.
A. that B. what
C. if D. which
【典型错因】觉得宾语从句不缺成分,选了 that。
【正确答案】C
【解析】ask 后面的宾语从句是一般疑问句变来的,表示"是否",用 if 或 whether 引导。that 引导陈述句作宾语从句,没有疑问含义。
⚠️ 坑点:ask, wonder, don't know 后面的宾语从句,如果是一般疑问句变来的,用 if/whether 引导,不用 that。
7. The girl _______ often helps me with my English is from England.
A. who B. which
C. whom D. whose
【典型错因】先行词是 girl(人),但搞不清用 who 还是 whom,选了 whom。
【正确答案】A
【解析】先行词是 the girl(人),定语从句中 helps 前面缺主语,所以用主格 who。whom 是宾格,只能作宾语;whose 是"谁的",作定语。
⚠️ 坑点:who 作主语,whom 作宾语。先看从句缺什么成分,缺主语用 who,缺宾语用 whom。别看到人就用 whom!
8. I don't think he will come, _______?
A. do I B. don't I
C. will he D. won't he
【典型错因】反意疑问句看主句,选了 do I。
【正确答案】C
【解析】I don't think + 宾语从句,反意疑问句要根据从句来变,而且否定转移了,所以从句相当于否定,反意疑问用肯定形式 will he。
⚠️ 坑点:I think/believe/suppose + 宾语从句,反意疑问句看从句!而且否定转移要注意:主句否定=从句否定,反意疑问用肯定。
9. — When will you tell him the news?
— I'll tell him when he _______ back.
A. comes B. came
C. will come D. is coming
【典型错因】看到 when 就用将来时,选了 will come。
【正确答案】A
【解析】when 在这里引导时间状语从句,不是宾语从句。时间状语从句用主将从现,所以从句用一般现在时 comes。
⚠️ 坑点:when 有两种用法:引导宾语从句("什么时候",时态根据语境)和引导时间状语从句("当……时候",主将从现)。先判断是什么从句!
10. The man _______ we talked about is our new teacher.
A. which B. who
C. whom D. whose
【典型错因】先行词是人,选了 who,没注意从句中缺宾语。
【正确答案】C
【解析】先行词是 the man(人),定语从句中 talked about 后面缺宾语,所以用宾格 whom。当然,口语中也可以用 who 或 that,但严格来说,作介词宾语用 whom 最准确。
⚠️ 坑点:先行词是人,且在从句中作宾语(尤其是介词后面),用 whom。这是中考常考的点。
11. — I wonder _______ you'll water this kind of tree.
— Twice a week.
A. how often B. how long
C. how soon D. how much
【典型错因】分不清 how often/how long/how soon 的区别,选错了。
【正确答案】A
【解析】答句是 Twice a week(一周两次),表示频率,用 how often(多久一次)提问。how long 问多长时间,how soon 问多久以后,how much 问多少。
⚠️ 坑点:宾语从句的引导词选择,关键看答句。答频率→how often,答时间段→how long,答in+时间段→how soon。
12. The house _______ windows are broken is empty.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. who
【典型错因】先行词是 house(物),选了 which,没注意后面有 windows。
【正确答案】C
【解析】先行词是 the house,从句中 windows 前面缺定语("房子的窗户"),所以用 whose(谁的)。whose windows = the windows of which。
⚠️ 坑点:whose 可以指人也可以指物!表示"……的",在从句中作定语。别看到物就只用 which,要看从句缺什么成分。
13. She asked me _______ I had read the book.
A. that B. if
C. what D. which
【典型错因】觉得从句不缺成分,选了 that。
【正确答案】B
【解析】ask 后面的宾语从句有疑问含义("是否读过这本书"),用 if 或 whether 引导。that 引导的宾语从句没有疑问含义。
⚠️ 坑点:有疑问含义的宾语从句,用 if/whether/what/when 等疑问词引导;没有疑问含义的陈述句,才用 that 引导。
14. I'll go to the park unless it _______ tomorrow.
A. rains B. will rain
C. rained D. is raining
【典型错因】看到 tomorrow 就选将来时 will rain。
【正确答案】A
【解析】unless(除非)引导条件状语从句,相当于 if...not,主将从现,所以从句用一般现在时 rains。
⚠️ 坑点:unless, as long as, if 等引导条件状语从句,都用主将从现。别被主句的将来时带偏了。
15. The place _______ we visited last week is very beautiful.
A. where B. which
C. when D. what
【典型错因】先行词是 place(地点),选了 where。
【正确答案】B
【解析】先行词是 the place(地点),但定语从句中 visited 后面缺宾语("参观那个地方"),所以用 which 或 that,不用 where。where 在从句中作地点状语。
⚠️ 坑点:先行词是地点,不一定用 where!关键看从句缺什么成分:缺主语/宾语用 which/that,缺地点状语才用 where。
16. — Do you know _______? I'm going to see him.
— Sorry, I don't know.
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
【典型错因】宾语从句用了疑问句语序,或者时态搞错了。
【正确答案】C
【解析】宾语从句用陈述语序,排除A和B。"李先生住在哪里"是现在的情况,用一般现在时 lives。
⚠️ 坑点:又是陈述语序的考点!宾语从句永远是引导词+主语+谓语。看到助动词提前的选项直接排除。
17. I don't know _______ he will come or not.
A. if B. whether
C. that D. what
【典型错因】看到"是否"就选 if,没注意后面有 or not。
【正确答案】B
【解析】宾语从句中,有 or not 时,只能用 whether,不能用 if。whether...or not 是固定搭配。
⚠️ 坑点:if 和 whether 都表示"是否",但有 or not 时、介词后面、不定式前,只能用 whether,不能用 if。
四、非谓语动词——doing/done/to do 三分天下
非谓语动词,说白了就是"不作谓语的动词形式"——to do、doing、done。这玩意儿是中考单选的"重灾区",好多孩子一看到选项里有各种形式就懵了,凭感觉瞎选。其实非谓语就那几种用法,把规律摸透了,一点都不难。
非谓语题的八大"坑",务必记牢:
1. 只能跟不定式的动词:want, hope, decide, plan, agree, refuse, promise, would like 等
2. 只能跟动名词的动词:enjoy, finish, mind, practice, keep, suggest, miss, avoid 等
3. 跟不定式和动名词意思不同:remember/forget to do(记得/忘记要做)vs doing(记得/忘记做过);stop to do(停下来去做)vs doing(停止做)
4. 使役/感官动词+宾语+宾补:make/let/have/see/hear sb. do sth.(主动不带to,被动还原to)
5. 疑问词+不定式:what to do, how to do it, where to go 等,相当于宾语从句
6. 现在分词vs过去分词:-ing 表"令人……的"(物作主语),-ed 表"感到……的"(人作主语)
7. 不定式作目的状语:to do 表示"为了……",相当于 in order to
8. It's + adj. + for/of sb. + to do:形容人的品质用 of,形容事情用 for
下面这16道题,都是非谓语动词里的"经典易错题"。每道题的坑我都给你标出来了,做完好好琢磨错因。
易错题精讲
1. My mother often tells me _______ too much time playing computer games.
A. not to spend B. to not spend
C. don't spend D. not spend
【典型错因】不定式的否定形式搞反了,选了 to not spend。
【正确答案】A
【解析】tell sb. to do sth.(告诉某人做某事),否定形式是 tell sb. not to do sth.,not 要放在 to 前面。
⚠️ 坑点:不定式的否定形式是 not to do,不是 to not do!这是最基础的,但很多孩子搞反。
2. — Would you mind _______ the window? It's too hot.
— Of course not.
A. open B. to open
C. opening D. opened
【典型错因】看到 would 就用动词原形,选了 open。
【正确答案】C
【解析】mind(介意)后面只能跟动名词 doing,不能跟不定式。mind doing sth. 表示"介意做某事"。
⚠️ 坑点:mind, enjoy, finish, practice, keep, suggest, miss, avoid 这些动词后面只能跟动名词!记住这些词,看到就选 doing。
3. — I didn't hear you come in just now.
— That's good. We tried _______ any noise, for you were sleeping.
A. not make B. not to make
C. to make D. making
【典型错因】try 后面跟不定式还是动名词搞不清,或者否定形式错了。
【正确答案】B
【解析】try to do sth. 表示"尽力做某事",try doing sth. 表示"尝试做某事"。这里是"尽量不发出噪音",用 try not to do。
⚠️ 坑点:try to do(尽力做)vs try doing(试着做),意思不一样。根据语境判断是"尽力"还是"尝试"。
4. The movie was so _______ that all of us were _______ in it.
A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested
C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting
【典型错因】-ing 和 -ed 形容词搞不清,乱选一气。
【正确答案】C
【解析】interesting(令人感兴趣的)修饰物,the movie 是物,用 interesting;interested(感到感兴趣的)修饰人,all of us 是人,用 interested。
⚠️ 坑点:-ing 形容词表"令人……的",主语是物;-ed 形容词表"感到……的",主语是人。记住:物令人,人感到。
5. He made his sister _______ yesterday.
A. cry B. to cry
C. crying D. cried
【典型错因】觉得"他妹妹被弄哭了",用被动,选了 to cry。
【正确答案】A
【解析】make sb. do sth.(让某人做某事),主动语态中后面跟不带 to 的不定式。只有变被动时才还原 to:sb. be made to do。
⚠️ 坑点:使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(see, hear, watch)后面,主动语态用不带to的不定式,被动语态才还原to。别搞反了!
6. — What about _______ a rest?
— OK. Let's go out for a walk.
A. to have B. have
C. having D. has
【典型错因】看到 about 就用不定式,选了 to have。
【正确答案】C
【解析】What about / How about 表示"……怎么样",about 是介词,后面跟动名词 doing。
⚠️ 坑点:介词后面跟动名词!about, at, in, on, for, of, with 等介词后面都用 doing。
7. I don't know _______ next.
A. what to do B. how to do
C. what to do it D. to do what
【典型错因】what to do 和 how to do it 搞混了,选了 how to do 或者 what to do it。
【正确答案】A
【解析】"疑问词+不定式"结构中,what 是代词,作 do 的宾语,所以 what to do = what I should do;how 是副词,不能作宾语,所以 how to do 后面必须加 it,即 how to do it。
⚠️ 坑点:what to do(做什么)后面不加 it;how to do it(怎么做)后面必须加 it。这是中考常考的易错点。
8. — Why are you so excited?
— Peter invited me _______ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.
A. to go B. go
C. going D. went
【典型错因】invite 后面跟什么形式搞不清,凭感觉选。
【正确答案】A
【解析】invite sb. to do sth.(邀请某人做某事),后面跟不定式 to do。
⚠️ 坑点:want, hope, decide, plan, agree, refuse, promise, invite, would like 这些动词后面都跟不定式 to do。
9. Remember _______ the door when you leave.
A. close B. closing
C. to close D. closed
【典型错因】remember 后面跟不定式还是动名词搞不清,凭感觉选。
【正确答案】C
【解析】remember to do sth. 表示"记得要做某事"(还没做);remember doing sth. 表示"记得做过某事"(已经做了)。这里是"记得关门",还没做,用 to close。
⚠️ 坑点:remember/forget to do(记得/忘记要做,没做)vs doing(记得/忘记做过,做了)。根据语境判断事情做没做。
10. It's very kind _______ you to help me with my English.
A. for B. of
C. to D. with
【典型错因】It's + adj. + for/of sb. + to do 搞不清用 for 还是 of。
【正确答案】B
【解析】kind(善良的)是形容人的品质的形容词,所以用 of。如果形容词是形容事情的(如 important, difficult, easy),就用 for。
⚠️ 坑点:形容人的品质(kind, nice, clever, foolish, polite)用 of;形容事情(important, difficult, easy, possible)用 for。
11. — The light in the office is still on.
— Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
【典型错因】forget 后面跟不定式还是动名词搞不清,选了 turning it off。
【正确答案】C
【解析】forget to do sth. 表示"忘记要做某事"(没做);forget doing sth. 表示"忘记做过某事"(做了但忘了)。这里灯还亮着,说明忘记关灯了,没做,用 to turn off。
⚠️ 坑点:和 remember 一样,forget to do 是"忘记要做"(没做),forget doing 是"忘记做过"(做了)。根据语境判断。
12. The teacher asked us _______ so much noise.
A. don't make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
【典型错因】ask 后面跟什么形式搞不清,或者否定形式错了。
【正确答案】D
【解析】ask sb. to do sth.(让某人做某事),否定形式是 ask sb. not to do sth.,not 放在 to 前面。
⚠️ 坑点:ask, tell, want, would like 等动词后面跟 sb. to do,否定都是 sb. not to do。not 在 to 前面,这是铁律。
13. — I feel tired and sleepy.
— Why not stop _______ a rest?
A. have B. having
C. to have D. had
【典型错因】stop 后面跟不定式还是动名词搞不清,选了 having。
【正确答案】C
【解析】stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事"(停下一件事,开始做另一件);stop doing sth. 表示"停止做某事"(停下正在做的事)。这里是"停下来休息一下",用 to have。
⚠️ 坑点:stop to do(停下来去做)vs stop doing(停止做)。根据语境判断是"停下做别的"还是"停止做这件事"。
14. We saw him _______ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter B. enter
C. entering D. entered
【典型错因】see sb. do 和 see sb. doing 搞不清,选了 entering。
【正确答案】B
【解析】see sb. do sth. 表示"看到某人做了某事"(看到全过程);see sb. doing sth. 表示"看到某人正在做某事"(看到正在进行)。后面有 and go upstairs,说明看到了全过程,用 enter。
⚠️ 坑点:see/hear/watch sb. do(看到/听到全过程)vs doing(看到/听到正在做)。有 often, always 或看到完整动作用 do;看到正在进行用 doing。
15. He went to the station _______ his friend.
A. meet B. to meet
C. meeting D. met
【典型错因】不知道这里用什么形式,凭感觉选。
【正确答案】B
【解析】不定式 to do 在这里作目的状语,表示"为了……"。他去车站是为了接朋友,所以用 to meet。
⚠️ 坑点:不定式作目的状语是中考常考点!表示"为了做某事",相当于 in order to do。
16. — How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?
— It makes me _______ very proud.
A. feel B. to feel
C. feeling D. felt
【典型错因】make 后面跟什么形式搞不清,选了 to feel。
【正确答案】A
【解析】make sb. do sth.(让某人做某事),主动语态中后面跟不带 to 的不定式,所以用 feel。
⚠️ 坑点:又是使役动词的考点!make/let/have sb. do,主动语态不带 to,被动才还原 to。
五、冠词——a/an/the 看似简单却最易错
冠词,说白了就是 a、an、the 这三个词。看起来简单,考试的时候丢分的孩子可不少。为什么?因为冠词的用法太碎了,什么情况下用 a,什么情况下用 an,什么时候用 the,什么时候不用,稍不留神就错。
冠词题的八大"坑",务必记牢:
1. a/an 看发音不看字母:元音音素开头用 an,辅音音素开头用 a(比如 an hour, a university)
2. 定冠词 the 表特指:双方都知道的人或物,或者上文提到过的
3. 独一无二的事物前用 the:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
4. 序数词、最高级前用 the:the first, the best, the tallest
5. 乐器前加 the,球类前不加:play the piano, play basketball
6. 三餐、学科、月份、星期前不加:have lunch, study English, in May, on Monday
7. the + 形容词表一类人:the old(老人), the rich(富人), the poor(穷人)
8. 固定搭配要记牢:go to school, in hospital, at table 等零冠词固定搭配
下面这12道题,都是冠词题里的"经典易错题"。每道题的坑我都给你标出来了,仔细做。
易错题精讲
1. He is _______ honest boy. We all believe him.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【典型错因】看到 h 是辅音字母,就选 a。
【正确答案】B
【解析】honest 的 h 不发音,第一个音素是元音音素 /ɒ/,所以用 an。
⚠️ 坑点:a/an 看发音,不看字母!元音音素开头用 an,辅音音素开头用 a。比如 an hour, an honest boy, a university, a useful book。
2. — Do you know _______ girl in red?
— Yes, she is my sister.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【典型错因】觉得"一个女孩"用 a,没注意后面有 in red 修饰。
【正确答案】C
【解析】girl 后面有 in red 修饰,特指"穿红衣服的那个女孩",所以用定冠词 the。
⚠️ 坑点:名词后面有定语修饰时,通常是特指,用 the。比如 the book on the desk, the man in black。
3. My brother likes playing _______ basketball, but I like playing _______ piano.
A. the; the B. /; /
C. the; / D. /; the
【典型错因】球类和乐器搞混了,都加 the 或者都不加。
【正确答案】D
【解析】球类运动前面不加冠词,play basketball;乐器前面加定冠词 the,play the piano。
⚠️ 坑点:球类、棋类前不加 the;乐器前加 the。这是中考常考的考点,别搞混了!
4. We usually have _______ lunch at school.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【典型错因】觉得"一顿午饭"用 a。
【正确答案】D
【解析】三餐(breakfast, lunch, supper/dinner)前面一般不加冠词,have lunch 表示"吃午饭"。
⚠️ 坑点:三餐、学科、月份、星期、季节前一般不加冠词。但如果有形容词修饰,可以加 a/an,比如 have a big lunch。
5. _______ sun rises in the east.
A. A B. An
C. The D. /
【典型错因】觉得太阳只有一个,不用加冠词。
【正确答案】C
【解析】世界上独一无二的事物前面要用定冠词 the,比如 the sun, the moon, the earth, the world。
⚠️ 坑点:独一无二的事物前必须加 the!这是定冠词的基本用法,别搞反了。
6. He is _______ university student.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【典型错因】看到 u 是元音字母,就选 an。
【正确答案】A
【解析】university 的第一个音素是辅音音素 /j/("优"的音),不是元音,所以用 a。
⚠️ 坑点:又是 a/an 看发音的考点!u 开头的单词,如果发"优"的音(/juː/),第一个音素是辅音,用 a;如果发"啊"的音(/ʌ/),用 an,比如 an umbrella。
7. — Which is _______ season in Beijing?
— I think it's autumn.
A. good B. better
C. best D. the best
【典型错因】最高级前面漏了 the,选了 best。
【正确答案】D
【解析】一年有四个季节,问的是"最好的季节",用最高级 best,最高级前面要加定冠词 the。
⚠️ 坑点:形容词最高级前面必须加 the!序数词前面也必须加 the。这是定冠词的重要用法。
8. The old should be taken good care of by _______ young.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【典型错因】不知道 the + 形容词表一类人的用法,凭感觉选。
【正确答案】C
【解析】the + 形容词表示一类人,the old 是"老人",the young 是"年轻人"。
⚠️ 坑点:the + 形容词表一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数。这是中考常考的考点。
9. I go to _______ school by bike every day.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【典型错因】觉得"学校"是特指,用 the。
【正确答案】D
【解析】go to school 是固定搭配,表示"去上学",school 前面不加冠词。如果加 the,go to the school 就变成"去那所学校(不一定是上学)"了。
⚠️ 坑点:零冠词固定搭配:go to school(上学), go to bed(睡觉), in hospital(住院), at table(吃饭)。这些搭配加不加 the 意思完全不一样!
10. There is _______ "s" in the word "bus".
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【典型错因】看到 s 是辅音字母,就选 a。
【正确答案】B
【解析】字母 s 的发音是 /es/,第一个音素是元音 /e/,所以用 an。
⚠️ 坑点:字母前用 a/an 也看发音!a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x 这些字母发音以元音开头,前面用 an。
11. We have _______ breakfast at 7:00 in _______ morning.
A. the; the B. /; /
C. the; / D. /; the
【典型错因】三餐和固定搭配搞混了。
【正确答案】D
【解析】三餐前不加冠词,have breakfast;in the morning 是固定搭配,"在早上",必须加 the。
⚠️ 坑点:in the morning/afternoon/evening 这些固定搭配必须加 the;但三餐前不加。别搞混了。
12. — What _______ bad weather it is today!
— Yes, the weather makes me sad.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【典型错因】感叹句中觉得"多么糟糕的天气"用 a。
【正确答案】D
【解析】weather 是不可数名词,前面不能加 a/an。感叹句中 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词!
⚠️ 坑点:不可数名词(weather, news, advice, information, work 等)前面不能加 a/an。这是冠词题的经典易错点。
六、介词——固定搭配与语境辨析
介词,这玩意儿说起来简单,用起来错得最多。为什么?因为介词的用法太灵活了,而且固定搭配特别多。很多孩子学介词就是死记硬背,结果一到考试还是错。其实介词是有规律的,把规律摸透了,再记一些常见搭配,就不会错了。
介词题的八大"坑",务必记牢:
1. 时间介词 in/on/at:in 加大范围(年、月、季节、上午下午晚上);on 加具体某一天或某一天的上午下午;at 加具体时刻
2. for 和 since 的区别:for + 时间段,since + 时间点,都用于现在完成时
3. by 的用法:"到……为止"(常用于完成时),"乘交通工具","被……"(被动语态)
4. 地点介词 in/on/at/to:in 在范围之内,on 两地接壤,to 在范围之外不接壤
5. 介词后面跟动名词:介词后面的动词必须加 -ing,这是铁律
6. 方式介词 by/in/on/with:by 乘交通工具,in 用语言/材料,with 用工具
7. 固定搭配要记牢:look for, wait for, listen to, arrive in/at, be good at, be interested in 等
8. 容易混淆的介词:besides(除了……还有)vs except(除了……之外不包括);through(穿过内部)vs across(穿过表面)
下面这12道题,都是介词题里的"经典易错题"。每道题的坑我都给你标出来了,仔细做。
易错题精讲
1. We usually have the first class _______ 8:00 in the morning.
A. of B. in
C. on D. at
【典型错因】看到 morning 就选 in,没注意前面是具体时刻。
【正确答案】D
【解析】8:00 是具体时刻,前面用介词 at。in 用于年、月、季节、上午下午晚上;on 用于具体某一天;at 用于具体时刻。
⚠️ 坑点:时间介词口诀:in 大 on 天 at 点。年、月、季节、上午下午用 in;具体某一天用 on;具体几点几分用 at。
2. My brother has been in the army _______ two years ago.
A. for B. since
C. in D. at
【典型错因】看到 two years 就选 for,没注意后面有 ago。
【正确答案】B
【解析】two years ago 是"两年前",是一个时间点,不是时间段。since + 时间点,for + 时间段,都用于现在完成时。
⚠️ 坑点:for 加时间段(for two years),since 加时间点(since two years ago)。别看到数字就选 for,要看后面有没有 ago。
3. — How do you go to school every day?
— I go to school _______ bike.
A. by B. on
C. in D. with
【典型错因】觉得"骑在自行车上"用 on。
【正确答案】A
【解析】by + 交通工具,表示"乘……",by bike 是"骑自行车"。如果交通工具前面有冠词或物主代词,就用 on 或 in,比如 on my bike, in a car。
⚠️ 坑点:by + 交通工具(零冠词)是固定搭配:by bus, by car, by bike, by plane, by train。但有冠词或物主代词时,用 on/in。
4. My father will come back from Beijing _______ a week.
A. in B. after
C. later D. for
【典型错因】觉得"一周之后"用 after。
【正确答案】A
【解析】in + 时间段,表示"多久之后",用于一般将来时。after + 时间段通常用于过去时;later 要放在时间段后面,比如 a week later。
⚠️ 坑点:将来时中"多久之后"用 in + 时间段,不用 after!这是中考常考的易错点。
5. We arrived _______ the village _______ a snowy night.
A. at; on B. in; on
C. at; in D. in; in
【典型错因】arrive in 和 arrive at 搞混,或者 night 前面用 in。
【正确答案】A
【解析】arrive at + 小地方(村庄、车站、学校),arrive in + 大地方(城市、国家)。the village 是小地方,用 at;a snowy night 是具体某一天的晚上,用 on。
⚠️ 坑点:arrive in 加大地方,arrive at 加小地方。具体某一天的上午下午晚上用 on,不用 in。
6. Thanks _______ your help, I passed the exam.
A. for B. to
C. of D. with
【典型错因】thanks for 和 thanks to 搞混了。
【正确答案】B
【解析】thanks to 表示"多亏了,由于",后面接原因;thanks for 表示"因……而感谢",后面接感谢的内容。这里是"多亏了你的帮助",用 thanks to。
⚠️ 坑点:thanks to(多亏,由于)vs thanks for(因……感谢)。意思完全不一样,别搞混了!
7. The girl _______ red is my sister.
A. in B. on
C. with D. of
【典型错因】觉得"穿红衣服"用 with。
【正确答案】A
【解析】in + 颜色或衣服,表示"穿着……"。in red 就是"穿着红衣服的"。
⚠️ 坑点:in + 颜色/衣服,表示穿着;with 表示带着、戴着(with glasses 戴眼镜)。别搞混了。
8. I'm good _______ English, but I'm weak _______ math.
A. at; in B. in; at
C. at; at D. in; in
【典型错因】be good at 和 be weak in 搞混了。
【正确答案】A
【解析】be good at 表示"擅长……",be weak in 表示"在……方面弱"。都是固定搭配。
⚠️ 坑点:固定搭配要记牢:be good at(擅长), be interested in(对……感兴趣), be afraid of(害怕), be proud of(为……骄傲)。
9. He went _______ the forest alone.
A. across B. through
C. cross D. over
【典型错因】across 和 through 搞混了。
【正确答案】B
【解析】across 表示"穿过表面"(过马路、过河);through 表示"穿过内部"(穿过森林、穿过窗户、穿过人群)。森林是从内部穿过,用 through。
⚠️ 坑点:across(从表面穿过)vs through(从内部穿过)。森林、隧道、窗户等用 through;马路、河流、桥等用 across。
10. — What do you want to do _______ the weekend?
— I want to visit my grandparents.
A. in B. on
C. at D. for
【典型错因】weekend 前面用什么介词搞不清。
【正确答案】B
【解析】on the weekend 表示"在周末",是固定搭配。英式英语也用 at the weekend,但中考通常考 on the weekend。
⚠️ 坑点:在周末:on the weekend(美式)/ at the weekend(英式)。中考通常考 on。在工作日:on weekdays。
11. I'm looking forward _______ you soon.
A. to see B. to seeing
C. see D. seeing
【典型错因】觉得 to 后面用动词原形,选了 to see。
【正确答案】B
【解析】look forward to 表示"期待……",这里的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,所以后面跟动名词 doing。
⚠️ 坑点:to 不一定是不定式符号!有些固定搭配里 to 是介词,后面跟动名词:look forward to, pay attention to, be used to(习惯于)。
12. We all went to the park _______ Tom. He was ill in bed.
A. besides B. except
C. except for D. beside
【典型错因】besides 和 except 搞混了。
【正确答案】B
【解析】except 表示"除了……之外(不包括)",是从整体中减去;besides 表示"除了……还有(包括)",是在整体上加上。汤姆生病了没去,所以是"除了汤姆之外都去了",不包括汤姆,用 except。
⚠️ 坑点:besides(除了……还有,包括在内)vs except(除了……之外,不包括在内)。一个是加,一个是减,意思完全相反!
七、代词——it/one/that 那些分不清的指代
代词,这玩意儿看起来简单,考试的时候丢分的孩子可不少。为什么?因为代词的种类太多了——人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词……而且用法特别灵活,稍不留神就错。
代词题的八大"坑",务必记牢:
1. 人称代词主格和宾格:主格作主语,宾格作宾语(动词或介词后面用宾格)
2. 物主代词形容词性和名词性:形容词性后面必须加名词,名词性后面不加名词(=形容词性+名词)
3. 反身代词:by oneself(独自), enjoy oneself(玩得开心), help oneself to(随便吃), teach oneself(自学)
4. some 和 any:肯定句用 some,否定句、疑问句用 any;但表示请求或建议的疑问句用 some
5. both/all/either/neither/none:both 两者都,all 三者及以上都;either 两者任一,neither 两者都不,none 三者及以上都不
6. other/another/the other:other 其他的(后加名词复数);another 另一个(三者及以上);the other 另一个(两者中的另一个)
7. it/one/that 的区别:it 指代同一个;one 指代同类不同个;that 指代前面提到的不可数名词或单数名词
8. each 和 every:each 强调个体(可作代词、形容词),every 强调整体(只能作形容词)
下面这12道题,都是代词题里的"经典易错题"。每道题的坑我都给你标出来了,仔细做。
易错题精讲
1. — Who taught _______ English last term?
— Miss White did.
A. you B. your
C. yours D. yourself
【典型错因】觉得"你的英语"用 your。
【正确答案】A
【解析】teach sb. sth.(教某人某事),taught 后面跟双宾语,sb. 是间接宾语,用宾格 you。
⚠️ 坑点:动词后面的人称代词用宾格!teach sb. sth., give sb. sth., show sb. sth. 这些双宾语结构中,sb. 都用宾格。
2. — Is this _______ ruler?
— No, it's not _______. It's _______.
A. your; my; his B. yours; mine; his
C. your; mine; his D. you; me; he
【典型错因】形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词搞混了。
【正确答案】C
【解析】第一空后面有名词 ruler,用形容词性物主代词 your;第二空和第三空后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词 mine 和 his。
⚠️ 坑点:形容词性物主代词(your, my, his, her)后面必须加名词;名词性物主代词(yours, mine, his, hers)后面不加名词,相当于"形容词性+名词"。
3. — Help _______ to some fruit, children.
— Thank you, Mrs. Wang.
A. you B. your
C. yourself D. yourselves
【典型错因】没注意后面是 children,用了单数 yourself。
【正确答案】D
【解析】help oneself to sth. 表示"随便吃点……",是固定搭配。后面是 children(孩子们),复数,所以用 yourselves。
⚠️ 坑点:反身代词要和主语或宾语保持单复数一致!children 是复数,用 yourselves。别看到 help oneself 就直接选 yourself,要看清楚是单数还是复数。
4. — Would you like _______ coffee?
— Yes, please.
A. some B. any
C. many D. little
【典型错因】看到疑问句就用 any。
【正确答案】A
【解析】一般情况下,肯定句用 some,否定句和疑问句用 any。但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,用 some 不用 any。
⚠️ 坑点:表示请求、建议的疑问句(Would you like...? Can I have...?)用 some,不用 any!这是中考常考的易错点。
5. — Which of the two T-shirts will you take?
— I'll take _______. One is for my brother, the other is for myself.
A. either B. both
C. neither D. all
【典型错因】没看清楚是两件,选了 all;或者没理解句意,选了 either。
【正确答案】B
【解析】two T-shirts 是两件,排除 all(三者及以上)。答句说"一件给我弟弟,另一件给我自己",说明两件都要,用 both(两者都)。
⚠️ 坑点:both(两者都)vs all(三者及以上都);either(两者任一)vs neither(两者都不)。先看清楚是两者还是三者,再看句意是肯定还是否定。
6. I have two pens. One is blue, _______ is black.
A. other B. another
C. the other D. others
【典型错因】other/another/the other/others 搞混了。
【正确答案】C
【解析】one...the other... 表示"一个……另一个……",用于两者之间。前面说了 two pens,两支笔,所以用 the other。
⚠️ 坑点:one...the other...(两者中的一个……另一个);one...another...(三者及以上中的一个……另一个);other + 名词复数 = others(其他的人/物)。
7. The weather in Beijing is colder than _______ in Shanghai.
A. it B. one
C. that D. this
【典型错因】it/one/that 搞混了,选了 it 或 one。
【正确答案】C
【解析】that 用来指代前面提到的不可数名词或单数可数名词,以避免重复。这里 that 指代 the weather。it 指代同一个东西,one 指代同类不同个的可数名词单数。
⚠️ 坑点:it 指代同一个;one 指代同类不同个(可数);that 指代前面提到的不可数名词或单数名词(常用于比较级中)。
8. — _______ is the population of China?
— It's about 1.4 billion.
A. How many B. How much
C. What D. How
【典型错因】觉得 population 是人口,问多少用 how many。
【正确答案】C
【解析】询问人口多少用 What's the population of...? 不用 how many 或 how much。population 是一个数字,问"是什么"用 what。
⚠️ 坑点:问人口用 what,不用 how many/how much!这是固定句型:What's the population of...?
9. — How many students are there in the classroom?
— _______. They all went to the playground.
A. No one B. None
C. Nobody D. Nothing
【典型错因】no one 和 none 搞混了,选了 No one。
【正确答案】B
【解析】none 用来回答 how many/how much 的提问,表示"一个也没有";no one/nobody 用来回答 who 的提问,表示"没有人"。
⚠️ 坑点:how many 提问用 none 回答;who 提问用 no one/nobody 回答。别搞混了!
10. — _______ T-shirt is this?
— I think it's Tom's.
A. Who B. Whose
C. What D. Which
【典型错因】who 和 whose 搞混了,选了 Who。
【正确答案】B
【解析】答句是 Tom's(汤姆的),表示所属关系,用 whose(谁的)提问。who 问"谁",作主语或宾语。
⚠️ 坑点:whose 问"谁的"(所属关系),who 问"谁"(人)。答句有 's 或物主代词时,用 whose 提问。
11. — There's _______ wrong with my computer. It doesn't work.
— Let me check it.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything
【典型错因】觉得是肯定句用 something,但没理解句意。
【正确答案】A
【解析】There's something wrong with... 表示"……出毛病了",是固定句型。肯定句用 something,否定句和疑问句用 anything。
⚠️ 坑点:There's something wrong with...(……出问题了)是固定句型,中考常考!
12. — Did your parents go to the party yesterday?
— Yes, they _______ went there.
A. both B. all
C. either D. neither
【典型错因】没注意 parents 是两个人,选了 all。
【正确答案】A
【解析】parents(父母)是两个人,两者都,用 both。all 用于三者及以上。
⚠️ 坑点:parents 是两个人!看到 parents 就要想到 both,别选 all。类似的还有 parents, couple, twins 等,都是两者。
八、形容词与副词比较等级——比较级最高级的陷阱
形容词和副词的比较等级,这是中考单选的常客。看起来就是个比较级、最高级的事儿,但丢分的孩子真不少。为什么?因为陷阱太多了——修饰词、范围、不规则变化、比较对象一致……稍不留神就掉坑里了。
比较等级题的八大"坑",务必记牢:
1. 原级比较 as...as:中间用原级,否定用 not as/so...as(不如……)
2. 比较级的修饰词:much, a little, even, a lot, far 可以修饰比较级;very, quite, so 只能修饰原级
3. 比较级 + and + 比较级:表示"越来越……"(多音节用 more and more + 原级)
4. the + 比较级, the + 比较级:表示"越……,越……"
5. 最高级的范围:in + 范围(单位、集体),of + 同类(人/物)
6. 形容词和副词的区别:形容词修饰名词、作表语;副词修饰动词、形容词、副词
7. 比较对象要一致:比较的必须是同类事物,不能人和人的身高比
8. 不规则变化:good/well-better-best, bad/badly-worse-worst, many/much-more-most, little-less-least, far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
下面这12道题,都是比较等级题里的"经典易错题"。每道题的坑我都给你标出来了,仔细做。
易错题精讲
1. — How are you feeling today?
— Much _______. I think I can go to school tomorrow.
A. good B. better
C. best D. well
【典型错因】看到 much 就选原级,或者不知道 much 修饰比较级。
【正确答案】B
【解析】much 用来修饰比较级,表示"……得多"。much better 就是"好多了"。
⚠️ 坑点:much, a little, even, a lot, far 这些词修饰比较级,不修饰原级!very, quite, so 修饰原级,不修饰比较级。
2. — Which is _______ season in Beijing?
— I think it's autumn.
A. good B. better
C. best D. the best
【典型错因】最高级前面漏了 the,选了 best。
【正确答案】D
【解析】一年有四个季节,问的是"最好的季节",用最高级 best。形容词最高级前面必须加定冠词 the。
⚠️ 坑点:形容词最高级前面必须加 the!别看到 best 就选,要看有没有 the。
3. He is _______ than his brother.
A. more taller B. very taller
C. much taller D. so taller
【典型错因】比较级重复修饰,选了 more taller;或者用 very 修饰比较级。
【正确答案】C
【解析】tall 的比较级是 taller,前面不能再加 more(more 是多音节词的比较级构成方式)。much 可以修饰比较级,表示"……得多"。
⚠️ 坑点:单音节和部分双音节词的比较级直接加 -er,不能再加 more!more + 原级 是多音节词的比较级构成方式,别搞混了。
4. — Tom is six and he is _______ his sister Jane. How old is Jane?
— Three.
A. twice as old as B. two years older than
C. as old as D. three years younger than
【典型错因】不会计算年龄,或者 as...as 的用法搞不清。
【正确答案】A
【解析】Tom 6岁,Jane 3岁,所以 Tom 的年龄是 Jane 的两倍。twice as old as 表示"年龄是……的两倍大"。
⚠️ 坑点:倍数表达:倍数 + as + 原级 + as(是……的几倍)。这是中考常考的句型。
5. The _______ you work at your lessons, the _______ results you will get.
A. hard; good B. harder; good
C. hard; better D. harder; better
【典型错因】不知道"the + 比较级, the + 比较级"的句型。
【正确答案】D
【解析】"the + 比较级, the + 比较级"表示"越……,越……"。这句话的意思是"你学习越努力,得到的结果就越好"。
⚠️ 坑点:the + 比较级, the + 比较级(越……越……)是中考常考句型,两个空都要用比较级!
6. — What do you think of the film?
— Wonderful! I've never seen a _______ one.
A. good B. better
C. best D. well
【典型错因】觉得是"最好的",选了 best。
【正确答案】B
【解析】否定词 never + 比较级 = 最高级。I've never seen a better one. = This is the best one I've ever seen.(这是我看过的最好的一部)。
⚠️ 坑点:否定词(never, not, nothing)+ 比较级 = 最高级!这是中考常考的考点,别看到 never 就选原级。
7. He speaks English _______ than his brother.
A. good B. well
C. better D. best
【典型错因】形容词和副词搞混了,选了 good 或 better 但没看清是修饰动词。
【正确答案】C
【解析】speak 是动词,要用副词修饰,well 是副词,good 是形容词。后面有 than,用比较级 better。
⚠️ 坑点:动词用副词修饰,名词用形容词修饰!别看到"好"就选 good,要看修饰的是什么词。
8. — Is chemistry more difficult than physics?
— No, chemistry isn't as _______ as physics.
A. easy B. difficult
C. easier D. more difficult
【典型错因】as...as 中间用比较级,或者没理解句意。
【正确答案】B
【解析】as...as 中间必须用原级,排除 C 和 D。答句说"不,化学不如物理难",所以用 difficult。not as difficult as = less difficult than(不如……难)。
⚠️ 坑点:as...as 中间必须用原级!not as/so...as 表示"不如……",中间也是原级。
9. Our city is becoming _______.
A. more and more beautiful B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. beautiful and beautiful D. the more beautiful
【典型错因】<em">"越来越……"的表达搞混了,选了 B。
【正确答案】A
【解析】多音节形容词的"越来越……"用 more and more + 原级,不能说 more beautiful and beautiful。单音节词用比较级 + and + 比较级,比如 taller and taller。
⚠️ 坑点:"越来越……":单音节/双音节词用 比较级 + and + 比较级(taller and taller);多音节词用 more and more + 原级(more and more beautiful)。
10. He is the tallest _______ all the students in our class.
A. in B. of
C. for D. to
【典型错因】最高级的范围介词 in 和 of 搞混了。
【正确答案】B
【解析】of + 同类人或物(all the students 是同类),in + 范围单位(in our class, in China)。
⚠️ 坑点:最高级的范围:of + 同类(人/物),in + 单位/集体/地方。of all the students,in our class。
11. — What do you think of the two dresses?
— The red one is _______ of the two.
A. nice B. nicer
C. the nicer D. the nicest
【典型错因】两者比较用比较级,但不知道"of the two"前面要加 the。
【正确答案】C
【解析】两者比较用比较级,但当后面有 of the two 时,比较级前面要加 the,表示"两者中较……的那个"。
⚠️ 坑点:the + 比较级 + of the two(两者中较……的那个)。这是比较级的特殊用法,中考常考!
12. The population of China is larger than _______ of India.
A. it B. one
C. that D. this
【典型错因】比较对象不一致,选了 it 或 one。
【正确答案】C
【解析】比较级中比较的对象必须一致。这里比较的是 population(人口),that 用来指代前面提到的不可数名词或单数名词,避免重复。
⚠️ 坑点:比较级中比较对象必须一致!前面是不可数名词或单数名词时,后面用 that 指代;前面是复数名词时,后面用 those 指代。
第二部分 单选秒杀技巧与蒙题规律
很多孩子做单选,一道题磨半天,还不一定对。其实单选是有技巧的,掌握了这些技巧,很多题一眼就能看出答案,又快又准。当然,技巧是建立在扎实基础上的,基础不牢,技巧也白搭。但基础差不多的情况下,谁会用技巧,谁就能多拿分。
一、单选秒杀十大技巧(有依据,放心用)
技巧一:找时间标志词,定时态
看到这些词,直接对应时态,不用想太多:
· yesterday, last week, ago → 一般过去时
· tomorrow, next week, in + 时间段 → 一般将来时
· often, usually, every day → 一般现在时
· now, look, listen → 现在进行时
· already, yet, ever, never, since, for → 现在完成时
· by the end of + 过去时间 → 过去完成时
技巧二:看主语是人是物,定语态
主语是动作的发出者 → 主动语态;主语是动作的承受者 → 被动语态。
看到 by sb. 直接选被动!看到"被……"直接选被动!
技巧三:宾语从句看语序,陈述语序才对
宾语从句必须用陈述语序(引导词 + 主语 + 谓语)。
选项里是疑问句语序的,直接排除!比如 what is he 直接排除,what he is 才对。
技巧四:介词后面加动名词,这是铁律
介词(in, on, at, for, with, about, of, to...)后面的动词必须加 -ing。
看到介词,后面直接选 doing!比如 thanks for doing, be good at doing, look forward to doing。
技巧五:看到 than 用比较级,看到 of/in 用最高级
句子里有 than → 比较级;句子里有 of all, in our class 等范围 → 最高级。
注意:最高级前面要加 the!
技巧六:使役/感官动词,主动用原形,被动加 to
make/let/have/see/hear sb. do sth.(主动语态,不带 to)
sb. be made/seen/heard to do sth.(被动语态,要加 to)
看到这些词,先看主动还是被动,再决定带不带 to。
技巧七:冠词看发音,不看字母
a/an 看第一个音素,不看第一个字母。
h 不发音的词(hour, honest)用 an;u 发"优"的词(university, useful)用 a。
技巧八:不定代词看范围,两者还是三者
both, either, neither → 两者
all, none, another → 三者及以上
看到 parents, couple, two 等,直接选两者的词!
技巧九:主将从现,时间条件状语从句
时间状语从句(when, as soon as, until)和条件状语从句(if, unless),主句将来时,从句一般现在时。
看到 if 引导条件状语从句,主句有 will,从句直接选一般现在时!
技巧十:固定搭配直接选,别纠结
很多题就是考固定搭配,看到关键词直接选,别想太多。
比如:be good at, be interested in, look forward to, thanks for, help oneself to, enjoy oneself 等。
二、科学蒙题规律(实在不会再用)
我跟你说句实在话,蒙题是下策,实在不会了再用。但既然是考试,就得有备无患。这些规律是我研究了十几年中考题总结出来的,不是瞎蒙的,命中率比瞎蒙高多了。
蒙题规律一:选项相似,答案在其中
四个选项里,如果有两个选项长得特别像(比如都是比较级,或者都是被动语态,只是时态不同),正确答案往往就在这两个里面。出题人喜欢把正确答案和它的"孪生兄弟"放在一起,干扰你。
比如选项是 A. do B. to do C. doing D. did,B 和 C 长得像,答案往往在 B 和 C 里。
蒙题规律二:选项相反,答案在其中
四个选项里,如果有两个选项意思完全相反(比如肯定和否定,主动和被动),正确答案往往就在这两个里面。出题人喜欢把正确答案和它的反面放在一起,看你会不会搞反。
比如选项是 A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything,A 和 C 意思相反,答案往往在 A 和 C 里。
蒙题规律三:绝对化选项,往往不对
选项里出现 all, every, never, always, only 这些绝对化的词,这个选项往往是错的。语言这东西,很少有绝对的事情,出题人也知道这一点。
当然,这不是绝对的,只是概率问题。
蒙题规律四:最长选项,往往是对的
四个选项里,如果有一个选项明显比其他三个长,这个选项往往是正确答案。为什么?因为出题人要把正确答案写得准确、完整,自然就长了;错误选项随便编一个,自然就短了。
这是出题人的心理,我研究过很多题,这个规律命中率还挺高的。
蒙题规律五:答案分布均匀,不会连续三个一样
正规考试的答案分布都是比较均匀的,A、B、C、D 四个选项的数量差不多,不会出现某一个特别多,某一个特别少的情况。
而且,一般不会连续三个题都是同一个选项。如果你前面已经选了两个 A 了,第三题如果不确定,就别选 A 了。
蒙题规律六:语感第一,别轻易改
实在不会的题,凭语感选一个,选了就别改。第一感觉往往是对的,越想越错。为什么?因为你的潜意识里其实是有积累的,只是你自己没意识到。
我教过的很多学生,考完试回来跟我说:"老师,我把对的改成错的了!"这种情况太多了。所以,拿不准的题,别轻易改答案。
最后再强调一遍:技巧和蒙题规律都是辅助,真正的高分靠的是扎实的基础。基础打牢了,再加上这些技巧,那就是如虎添翼。基础不牢,光靠技巧和蒙题,那是走不远的。
第三部分 单选易错专项训练
专项训练(一)
1. — Where is your father?
— He _______ to Shanghai. He will be back in three days.
A. has been B. has gone
C. have been D. have gone
2. By the time I got to the station, the train _______ for ten minutes.
A. has left B. had left
C. has been away D. had been away
3. — What were you doing at 8:00 last night?
— I _______ TV with my family.
A. watch B. watched
C. was watching D. am watching
4. The teacher told us that the earth _______ around the sun.
A. goes B. went
C. go D. going
5. — I don't know if he _______ tomorrow.
— Don't worry. If he _______, I will tell you.
A. comes; comes B. will come; will come
C. comes; will come D. will come; comes
6. — How long _______ you _______ this book?
— For two weeks.
A. have; bought B. did; buy
C. have; had D. do; have
7. — Hurry up! The plane _______ in half an hour.
— OK, I'm coming.
A. takes off B. took off
C. is taking off D. has taken off
8. — _______ you ever _______ to the Great Wall?
— Yes, I went there last year.
A. Did; go B. Have; been
C. Have; gone D. Do; go
9. Great changes _______ in our city in the past ten years.
A. took place B. have taken place
C. were taken place D. have been taken place
10. The little boy was made _______ the classroom by his teacher.
A. clean B. to clean
C. cleaning D. cleaned
11. — Do you know _______?
— Sorry, I don't know. You can ask the policeman over there.
A. where is the post office B. where the post office is
C. where was the post office D. where the post office was
12. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that
C. who D. what
13. — Would you mind _______ the window? It's too hot in here.
— Of course not.
A. open B. to open
C. opening D. opened
14. — What about _______ swimming this afternoon?
— Good idea!
A. go B. to go
C. going D. went
15. He is _______ honest boy. We all like him.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
16. My mother goes to work _______ bike every day.
A. by B. on
C. in D. with
17. — _______ T-shirt is this?
— I think it's Tom's.
A. Who B. Whose
C. What D. Which
18. — Which is _______, the sun, the moon or the earth?
— The sun, of course.
A. big B. bigger
C. biggest D. the biggest
19. The _______ you study, the _______ grades you will get.
A. hard; good B. harder; good
C. hard; better D. harder; better
20. — There's _______ wrong with my computer. It doesn't work.
— Let me have a look.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything
专项训练(二)
1. — When _______ you _______ the bike?
— Last month.
A. have; bought B. did; buy
C. do; buy D. will; buy
2. — Has your father finished his report?
— Sorry, I don't know. He _______ it this morning.
A. was writing B. wrote
C. has written D. writes
3. — I called you at 9:00 last night, but no one answered.
— Sorry, I _______ a walk with my mother at that time.
A. take B. took
C. was taking D. am taking
4. — Do you know if he _______ to play basketball with us?
— I think he will come if he _______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be
C. will come; is D. will come; will be
5. By the end of last term, we _______ more than 2,000 English words.
A. have learned B. learned
C. had learned D. learn
6. — Look! What's on the ground?
— Oh, it's my sweater. Please _______ for me.
A. pick up it B. pick it up
C. pick up them D. pick them up
7. The book _______ by a famous writer last year.
A. wrote B. was written
C. is written D. writes
8. — Could you tell me _______?
— He is a doctor.
A. what is he B. what he is
C. who is he D. who he is
9. I don't know _______ he will come or not tomorrow.
A. if B. whether
C. that D. what
10. The man _______ is talking to our teacher is Tom's father.
A. which B. who
C. whose D. what
11. — Remember _______ the door when you leave.
— OK, I will.
A. close B. to close
C. closing D. closed
12. — Why are you so excited?
— Because our teacher said we _______ a picnic this weekend.
A. have B. had
C. will have D. would have
13. — _______ I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, you can.
A. Must B. Should
C. May D. Need
14. — Must I finish the work today?
— No, you _______. You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. needn't
C. can't D. shouldn't
15. There is _______ "u" and _______ "s" in the word "use".
A. a; a B. an; an
C. a; an D. an; a
16. — When did you arrive _______ Beijing?
— I arrived there _______ the morning of May 1st.
A. at; in B. in; on
C. at; on D. in; in
17. — _______ is the population of China?
— It's about 1.4 billion.
A. How many B. How much
C. What D. How
18. — How many students are there in the classroom?
— _______. They all went to the library.
A. No one B. None
C. Nobody D. Nothing
19. — Which is _______, physics or chemistry?
— Physics, I think.
A. difficult B. more difficult
C. most difficult D. the most difficult
20. Tom is _______ of the two boys.
A. tall B. taller
C. the taller D. the tallest
专项训练(三)
1. — Where is Mr. Green?
— He _______ to the library. He'll be back in an hour.
A. goes B. went
C. has gone D. has been
2. — How long have you _______ the car?
— For about two years.
A. bought B. had
C. buy D. have
3. My father _______ to Shanghai. He _______ there twice.
A. has been; has gone B. has gone; has been
C. has gone; has gone D. has been; has been
4. — What did the teacher say just now?
— Sorry, I didn't catch it. I _______ something else.
A. think B. thought
C. was thinking D. am thinking
5. The film _______ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema.
A. had been on B. had started
C. has been on D. has started
6. — Do you know when the teacher _______ back?
— Sorry, I don't know. But if he _______ back, I will tell you.
A. comes; comes B. will come; will come
C. will come; comes D. comes; will come
7. — I can't find my pen. Can you lend me yours?
— Sorry, I _______ it myself.
A. use B. used
C. am using D. was using
8. — Have you finished your homework?
— Not yet. I _______ it after dinner.
A. finish B. finished
C. will finish D. have finished
9. The old bridge _______ hundreds of years ago.
A. was built B. built
C. is built D. builds
10. — Can you tell me _______?
— She lives in Beijing.
A. where does she live B. where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
11. — I don't know _______ next.
— Let's ask our teacher for help.
A. what to do B. what should I do
C. how to do D. how should I do
12. The girl _______ we saw yesterday is my sister.
A. which B. who
C. whose D. what
13. — Did you have a good time at the party?
— Yes, we enjoyed _______ very much.
A. us B. our
C. ourselves D. ours
14. — Why not _______ swimming with us?
— Good idea!
A. go B. to go
C. going D. went
15. — What _______ useful book it is!
— Yes, it's my favorite book.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
16. — How do you go to school every day?
— I usually go to school _______ foot, but sometimes _______ bus.
A. on; by B. by; on
C. by; by D. on; on
17. — _______ did you visit the Great Wall?
— Last summer vacation.
A. When B. Where
C. How D. Who
18. — There are two apples here. Which one do you want?
— _______ is OK. I don't mind.
A. Both B. Either
C. Neither D. All
19. — Which subject do you like _______, English, math or Chinese?
— English, of course.
A. well B. better
C. best D. the best
20. The weather in Beijing is colder than _______ in Guangzhou.
A. it B. one
C. that D. this
专项训练(四)
1. — I'm sorry, Mr. Wang. I _______ my homework at home.
— It doesn't matter. But don't forget to bring it tomorrow.
A. forgot B. left
C. have forgotten D. have left
2. — How long _______ your uncle _______ in the army?
— Since he was 18 years old.
A. has; joined B. has; served
C. did; join D. does; serve
3. — What were you doing when the teacher came in?
— We _______ about the football match.
A. talk B. talked
C. were talking D. are talking
4. — Do you know _______ the Capital Museum?
— Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit D. when they visited
5. The new hospital _______ in our city next year.
A. will build B. will be built
C. builds D. is built
6. — I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
— Oh, I'm sorry. I _______ dinner at my friend's home.
A. have B. had
C. was having D. have had
7. — Your English is very good. Who teaches _______ English?
— Nobody. I teach _______.
A. you; myself B. your; myself
C. you; me D. your; me
8. — _______ I take this book out of the library?
— Sorry, you _______.
A. Can; mustn't B. May; can't
C. Must; needn't D. May; mustn't
9. — How do you like the two pairs of shoes?
— They don't fit me well. They are _______ too big _______ too small.
A. not only; but also B. both; and
C. neither; nor D. either; or
10. — Is this _______ watch?
— No, it's not _______. It's _______.
A. your; my; his B. yours; mine; his
C. your; mine; his D. you; me; he
11. — Help _______ to some fish, children.
— Thank you, Mrs. Wang.
A. you B. your
C. yourself D. yourselves
12. — Would you like _______ tea?
— Yes, please.
A. some B. any
C. many D. little
13. — Which of the two pens will you take?
— I'll take _______. One is for my brother, the other is for myself.
A. either B. both
C. neither D. all
14. — I have two pens. One is red, _______ is blue.
A. other B. another
C. the other D. others
15. — The book is _______ more interesting than that one.
— I think so.
A. very B. quite
C. much D. so
16. — _______ is the way to the nearest hospital?
— Go along this street and turn left at the second crossing.
A. What B. Which
C. How D. Where
17. — _______ does your father go to work?
— By bike.
A. How B. What
C. Where D. When
18. — _______ is it from your home to school?
— It's about two kilometers.
A. How long B. How far
C. How often D. How soon
19. — _______ do you go to the cinema?
— Once a month.
A. How long B. How far
C. How often D. How soon
20. — _______ will you come back?
— In an hour.
A. How long B. How far
C. How often D. How soon
专项训练(五)
1. — I won't come to the party unless Sue _______, too.
— You mean if Sue comes, you will come?
A. invites B. is invited
C. will invite D. will be invited
2. — Do you know the boy _______ is sitting next to Peter?
— Yes, he is Peter's friend. They are celebrating his _______ birthday.
A. who; ninth B. that; nineth
C. /; nineth D. which; ninth
3. — Did you see the traffic accident yesterday?
— Yes. It happened when I _______ past the museum.
A. walk B. am walking
C. was walking D. walked
4. — What a nice dress! How long _______ you _______ it?
— Just two weeks.
A. will; buy B. did; buy
C. are; having D. have; had
5. — Do you know _______ yesterday?
— Sorry, I have no idea.
A. what he happened B. what happened to him
C. what did he happen D. what happened to he
6. — I think drinking milk is good _______ our health.
— Yes, I agree _______ you.
A. for; with B. to; to
C. to; with D. for; to
7. — How are you feeling today?
— Much _______. I think I can go to work tomorrow.
A. good B. better
C. best D. well
8. — _______ fine day it is! Let's go and fly a kite.
— Good idea!
A. How B. What
C. What a D. How a
9. — You _______ be quiet in the library.
— Sorry, I won't do it again.
A. can B. may
C. must D. need
10. — I don't know if it _______ tomorrow.
— Well, if it _______, we will stay at home.
A. rains; rains B. will rain; will rain
C. rains; will rain D. will rain; rains
11. — Can you tell me _______?
— I think it's his.
A. where he lives B. where does he live
C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary this is
12. — The old man _______ all his money to the poor children.
— How kind he is!
A. gave away B. gave up
C. gave out D. gave in
13. — How many students are there in your school?
— _______ the students in our school _______ over two thousand.
A. The number of; is B. The number of; are
C. A number of; is D. A number of; are
14. — Why didn't you go to the party last night?
— Because I _______.
A. wasn't invited B. didn't invite
C. haven't invited D. am not invited
15. — What do you think of the book?
— Wonderful! I've never read _______ one before.
A. a better B. the best
C. a best D. the better
16. — I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.
— Sorry, I _______ with my friends at that time.
A. swim B. swam
C. will swim D. was swimming
17. — Which would you like, tea or coffee?
— _______ is OK. I really don't mind.
A. Both B. Either
C. Neither D. None
18. — _______ do you have an English party?
— Once a month.
A. How long B. How often
C. How soon D. How many
19. — I hear Tom is working at history very hard.
— I'm _______ he will pass the history exam this time.
A. afraid B. surprised
C. sure D. sorry
20. — Can you finish the work before Friday?
— Yes, I think so. I have _______ to do it.
A. something else B. anything else
C. else something D. else anything
第四部分 参考答案与解析
专项训练(一)答案
第一套专项训练题 参考答案与解析
1. 答案:B
解析:have gone to 表示"去了某地(还没回来)",have been to 表示"去过某地(已经回来)"。答句说"三天后回来",说明还没回来,用 has gone to。
2. 答案:D
解析:by the time + 一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。for ten minutes 是时间段,要和延续性动词连用,leave 是瞬间动词,要变成 be away。
3. 答案:C
解析:at 8:00 last night 是过去的具体时间点,用过去进行时 was/were doing。
4. 答案:A
解析:宾语从句中,如果是客观真理、科学事实,用一般现在时,不受主句时态影响。地球绕着太阳转是客观真理。
5. 答案:D
解析:第一个 if 是"是否",引导宾语从句,tomorrow 是将来时,用 will come;第二个 if 是"如果",引导条件状语从句,主将从现,用 comes。
6. 答案:C
解析:how long 问的是"多久",要和延续性动词连用。buy 是瞬间动词,要变成 have。现在完成时 have had。
7. 答案:C
解析:表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,用现在进行时表将来。take off 是"起飞"。
8. 答案:B
解析:ever 是现在完成时的标志词,"曾经去过某地"用 have been to。
9. 答案:B
解析:in the past ten years 是现在完成时的标志。take place 是"发生",不及物动词短语,没有被动语态。
10. 答案:B
解析:make sb. do sth. 的被动语态是 sb. be made to do sth.,被动语态中要还原 to。
11. 答案:B
解析:宾语从句必须用陈述语序(引导词 + 主语 + 谓语),排除 A 和 C。主句是一般现在时,从句根据句意用一般现在时。
12. 答案:B
解析:先行词被最高级 the best 修饰时,定语从句的关系代词只能用 that,不能用 which。
13. 答案:C
解析:mind 后面只能跟动名词(doing)作宾语,表示"介意做某事"。
14. 答案:C
解析:what about 中 about 是介词,后面跟动名词(doing)。
15. 答案:B
解析:honest 的 h 不发音,第一个音素是元音音素,用 an。
16. 答案:A
解析:by + 交通工具,表示"乘……",中间不加冠词。
17. 答案:B
解析:答句是 Tom's(汤姆的),表示所属关系,用 whose(谁的)提问。
18. 答案:D
解析:三者比较(太阳、月亮、地球)用最高级,形容词最高级前面要加 the。
19. 答案:D
解析:"the + 比较级, the + 比较级"表示"越……,越……",两个空都用比较级。
20. 答案:A
解析:There's something wrong with... 是固定句型,表示"……出毛病了"。肯定句用 something。
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