内容正文:
五选四专项复习
人教版七年级下册
1
了解词类
词类
名词Noun(n.) 。
冠词Article (art.)用于名词前, 。a,an,the
代词Pronoun 。 we,her,that,what
形容词Adjective(adj.)用于 excited,amazing
数词Numeral(num.) nine,thirteen,first,twentieth
动词Verb(v.) be(am,is,are),play,think,have
副词Adverb(adv.) not,too,there,usually
介词Preposition(prep.) in,on,at,of
连词Conjunction(conj.)用于 and,but,because,when
感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示 well,hello,oh,hey
词类定义
表示人或事物的名称
帮助限定名词所指的人或事物
用于代替名词以及起名词作用的短(pron.)语、分句或句子等
修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征
表示数量或顺序
表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系
连接单词、短语或句子
说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感
表示动作或状态
用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词
1. and ①和(肯定句) ②然后 ③并且2. or 或者3.but 但是 4.however 然而5. so 所以; 因此because 因为
名词用法
①复数:看到some/many/a few等,加s/es或把y变i+es或不规则变化
②变所有格,填空后面有名词→加's或s'(例:students'、a student's)
③变形容词,填空后面有名词→例:the hopeful (hope) lake
④加冠词→+a/an/the
可数名词复数
单数
one,a/an/the(再次出现)+名词
is/动词三单,does/goes/has
复数
一般词尾加s,二般词尾:s, x, ch, sh后加“es”,三般词尾:辅音+y变“ies”,特殊四:变化特殊记
不可数名词:
物质名词,
抽象名词
are/动词原形,do,have,go
名词后无变化
is/动词三单,does/goes/has
掌握代词的使用规则
01
不定代词
由some等加-body等构成,不定代词+形容词,做主语时动词用单数。
人称代词
有主格和宾格之分,主格在动词前做主语,宾格在动词或介词后做宾语。
02
物主代词
有形物代和名物代,形物代后接名词,名物代可单独使用。
03
反身代词
表示自身,如himself,可构成固定搭配,如enjoy oneself。
04
代词用法
①主格变宾格,[空前面有动词]→I变成me,(例:take me (I) to...)
②变形容词性物主代词,[空后面是名词]→I变成my(例:my (I) book)
③变所有格,[空后面是名词]→other变成other's/others
④变名词性物主代词,[空前面是名词]+is/are→例:the book is mine
Tips:当主语和给的提示词一致,填反身代词
代词的用法
句法作用 例句
I am a student. 我是一个学生。
She is a student. 她是一个学生。
Help me. 帮帮我。
You can ask her. 你可以问问她。
This is my toy,not hers. 这是我的玩具,不是她的。
Just be my friends. 做我的朋友好了。
主语
宾语
定语
所缺的词在句子中充当什么成分?
人称代词 物主代词
人 称 主格 宾格 意思 形容性
物主代词 名词性
物证代词
单数 第一人称 我 I me my mine
第二人称 你 you you your yours
第三人称 他 he him his his
她 she her her hers
它 it it its its
复数 第一人称 我们 we us our ours
第二人称 你们 you you your yours
第三人称 他/她/它们 they them their theirs
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他(她,它)们的
1.This isn’t _______ (she) bag._______ (she) is green.
2.-May I use _______ (you) pencil?
-I’m sorry._______ (I) is not here.
3.Mr.Jones often tells _______ (she) some stories.
4.Look!The cat is washing _______ (it) face.
5._______ (he) teacher is good._______ (he) is good,too.
6._______ (he) always helps _______ (we) with _______(we)lessons.
7.My ruler is long._______ (he) is short.
8._______ (I) want to go with _______ (he).
9.That is _______ (they) new house.
10.Could _______ (you) tell _______ (I) how to get to the hospital?
11.My pen is broken.Can I use _______ (you)?
12.Let _______ (I) help _______ (you).
13.This isn’t _______ (I) book._______ (I) is in the bag.
14._______ (we) want to buy _______ (they).
15._______ (they) are friendly to _______ (it).
her
Hers
your
mine
her
its
His
He
He
us
our
His
I
him
their
you
me
yours
me
you
my
Mine
We
them
They
it
1
一般现在时:①be动词(am, is, are) ②实义动词(原形和第三人称单数形式+s/es)
2
现在进行时:am,is,are+Ving
3
一般过去时:①be动词(was, were)
②实义动词+ed/特殊变化
4
情态动词+V原,祈使句:V原
动词用法
①谓语(动词本身)
①看时态→根据上下文轻松找到
②看主语(I/you/复数+动词原型/第三人称单数加s)
来看怎么用!看真题→
①由上下文→Birds flew over the river.得知是过去时。
②The mountains are high.[复数用are]
3.一般过去时:动作已发生,与现在无关:Ved
2.一般现在时:经常性,客观事实:V原/V单s
过去
现在(此刻)
将来
1.现在进行时:正在发生,未结束的动作
be:am,is,are+Ving
动词原形 动词第三人称单数 动词ing 动词过去式
词尾加s
词尾加ing
词尾加ed
look——looks、looking,looked
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词,在词尾加es pass——passes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为i加es
y后加ing 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为i加ed study——studies,studying,studied
以不发音的e结 尾 ,加s
以不发音的e结 尾 ,去e再加ing 以不发音的e结尾的动词,直接加d live—lives,living,lived
重读闭音节,词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写尾字母,再加ing 重读闭音节,词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写尾字母,再加ed stop——stops,stopping,stopped
不规则变化
have——has
go——goes,do——does
以ie结尾的 动 词 ,改ie为y再加ing
lie——lying,tie——tying 不规则变化
have,has——had
do,does——did
am,is——was
are——were
have——has,having,had
动词形式
写出下列动词的过去式,动词的三单形式,动词的现在分词形式
动词原形V原 三单形式V,es,ies 现在分词Ving 过去式Ved
1.plant
2.plan
3.cook
4.dance
5.like
6.try
7.have_
8.do
9.teach
10fix
go
12.say
13.take
14.run
15.get
plants
planting
planted
plans
planning
planned
cooks
cooking
cooked
dances
dancing
danced
likes
liking
liked
tries
trying
tried
has
having
had
does
doing
did
teaches
teaching
taught
fixes
fixing
fixed
goes
going
went
says
saying
said
takes
taking
took
runs
running
ran
gets
getting
got
了解非谓语动词的形式和作用
构成动词不定式,可在句中做主语、宾语、状语等。
01
to +动词原形
构成动名词,具有名词性质,可在句中做主语、宾语等。
02
v+ing
非谓语动词
目的,一次性动作
经常性、反复性动作
掌握数词之间的转化规则
基数词转序数词
一般加-th,如one→first,two→second,部分有不规则变化。
序数词转基数词
去掉-th,如first→one,second→two,third→three,需注意特殊形式。
基数词转倍数
加times,如one→once,two→twice,three→three times,表示次数。
序数词转倍数
去掉-th加times,如one→once,second→twice,fourth→four times。
01
02
03
04
数词用法
学会不同词性之间的转换方法
“......的”,如good好的
形容词原级
1
“更......”
better
更好的
形容词比较级
2
“最......”
best
最好的
形容词最高级
3
加-ly
或特殊变化,
形容词转副词
4
如different→difference,表示不同之处。
形容词转名词
5
如interest→interesting/interested,表示有趣的。
名词转形容词
6
如enjoy→enjoyable,表示令人愉快的。
动词转形容词
7
如win→winner,表示胜利者等。
动词转名词
8
形容词用法
掌握冠词的使用场合
1
a、an
表示泛指“一”a用于辅音音素开头单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前,如an apple。
2
the
表示特指,用于双方都知道的人或事物前,再次出现名词前,如the book on the desk。
冠词用法
了解常见介词的意义和搭配
表示方向、目的,如go to school,还可用于固定搭配。
to
01
表示原因、目的,如thanks for your help,也有多种用法。
for
02
表示关于、大约,如talk about the weather,常用于谈论话题。
about
03
表示伴随、使用,和,如play with friends,可表示工具或伴随状态。
with
04
表示在某个时间点或地点,如at 7 o 'clock,at home。
at
05
表示在……里,年如in the box,也可表示时间段。
in
06
表示在……上,如on the table,还可表示日期。
on
07
介词用法
学会连词的使用方法
表示并列关系,连接两个并列的成分,如I like apples and oranges.
and
1
表示转折关系,连接前后意思相反的句子,如He is young but wise.
but
2
表示因果关系,引出结果,如It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.
so
3
表示选择关系,提出两种或多种选择,如Do you like tea or coffee?
or
4
表示原因,引导原因状语从句,如I was late because I missed the bus.
because
5
表示让步,引导让步状语从句,如Though he is poor, he is honest.
though/although
6
表示时间,引导时间状语从句,如I will call you when I arrive.
when
7
表示条件,引导条件状语从句,如If it rains, we won't go out.
if
8
连词用法
句子用法
英语句子按照用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。七年级上册已经
介绍了部分句子种类,此处重点介绍祈使句和疑问句中的选择疑问句的用法。
1. 祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二
人称 you,但往往省略。祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头,否定式在动词原形前加
don’t。例如: Just go along this street and turn left. Be careful when you cross the street.
Practise the guitar every day. Don’t be late for class.
Don’t fight. Don’t cheat in the exam.
为表示礼貌,祈使句经常在句首或句末加 please。句末用 please 时,前面通常加逗号。
例如: Please write and tell me about yourself.
以 let 开头的句子也是祈使句的一种结构,常用于第一人称和第三人称,表示建议、
邀请和劝说等。例如:
Let me tell you the way to my house.
Let’s see the lions.
Let him come in.
Let them play basketball with us.
let sb +动词原形
Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形
肯定句(句首):1. 动词原形 2.Be+形容词
否定句:1.Don’t+动词原形 2.Don’t be+形容词
No+名词/动名词
No photos!禁止拍照No smoking!禁止吸烟
Never +动词原形 Never be late.不许迟到
肯定句:主语+谓语(实义动词/系动词(am,is,are)
否定句:主语+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+not(不/没)
主语+no不/never从不+...
some(肯定句)→否定句:any and(肯定句)→否定句:or
中文语序:主语+(时间+方式+地点)谓语+宾语
我 今天 一个人 在家 吃 饭
英文语序:主语+谓 +宾语/表语(+方式+地点+时间)
谁 做/是 什么 怎么做 何地 何时
I have dinner alone at home in the afternoon.
2. 疑问句
(1)一般疑问句
一般疑问句是用提问的方式提供一些信息,要求对方用 yes 或 no 回答的一种疑问句。
答语中通常重复问句里的系动词 be、助动词或情态动词,完全否定时口语中通常使用缩略形式(如 aren’t、doesn’t、can’t)。例如:
A: Is this your brother?
B: Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
A: Do they have a pet dog?
B: Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
A: Does she like maths?
B: Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
A: Can you help me with this subject?
B: Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
一般疑问句的回答有时可以省去 yes 或 no,或者补充更多信息。例如:
A: Can I learn to play weiqi?
B: Sure, you can.
A: Do you want to join a club?
B: Yes, I want to join the music club.
系动词 be(Am/Is/Are“是”)/助动词(do/does)/情态动词(Can“能”)+...?
Yes,主语+am/is/are/do/does/can.
No,主语+am/is/are/do/does/can not.
(2)特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开始的以寻求信息为目的的疑问句。常见的特殊疑问词
包括 what(什么)、who(谁)、whose(谁的)、where(在哪里)、when(何时)、
why(为什么)、how(如何)等。例如:
A: What’s your name?
B: My name is Peter Brown.
A: Who’s she?
B: She’s my sister, Helen.
A: Whose piano is that?
B: It’s my mother’s.
what colour什么颜色 what time 什么时间
how much 多少钱;数量how many多少
how long多久how old 多大年纪
What do you think of...? 你认为...怎么样?
How do you like...?你认为...怎么样?
There is/are being...
There was/were...
即学即练
After 5. _in Paris,we didn'live in any hotel.My sister's friend Jenny worked in Paris, So we 6. _with her till( 直 到 )we left.Jenny was busy with her work, so she couldn' be 7 guide.But she told us many wonderful 8. to visit.
In Paris,we visited the museum to enjoy paintings.We took photos in front of Eiffel Tower.It was 9. high and beautiful.I even wanted to get to the top of it to see the city.And I enjoyed 10. along the streets after dinner.It was really a good way to relax.
We had a great time in Paris and I wanted to visit it again one day.
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。
place,arrive,we,French,exciting,about,thing,stay,so,walk
In the English class,our teacher asked us to write 1. our trips.I thought of my last holiday in Paris at once.It is one of my best trips so far.Last summer,I went to Paris with my sister.She was quite good at speaking 2. ,but I wasn't at all.Both of us were very 3. _ _ about our trip.We planned( 计 划 )to do many interesting 4. there.
about
French
excited
things
arriving
stayed
our
places
so
walking
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。
because,begin,new,or,talent,dancer,just,popular,share,in,
China's Got Talent is getting more and more 1. in China.Many people watch it every week 2. they want to see the ordinary people show their special talents.Of course,there are also many singers and.3. .They all work hard to show their abilities.Talent shows4 in Britain.And now there are similar shows in lots of countries 5. the world. But China's Got Talent is the 6. form.When people show their special talents,they also7. their most touching or funnies stories with others.Most of them don't want to be famous. They 8. want to make their family happy and want to make others happy,too.
We all have a 9. .It may be big 10. small.What's your talent?Maybe you can be the next star on China's Got Talent.
popular
because
dancers
began
in
new
share
just
talent
or
用方框中所给的词填空,使短文完整、准确(每个单词限用一次,每空只限一个单词)。
friend,go,late,wind,then,so,fifty,teach,bad,door
Do you know Miss Smith?She is a 1. She has 2. students.Their ages are from seven to eight.
She is a good teacher and all her students like her.They think she is their 3. .Miss Smith's home is not far from the school,4. she goes to school on foot every morning.Today,it's cold
and 5. .When Miss Smith walks to school,the wind 6. into her eyes.Big tears( 眼 泪 )begin running out. About fifteen minutes 7. Miss Smith gets to school.
The class will begin soon.She opens the 8. of the classroom and goes into the classroom.It's warm and nice there.Miss Smith is glad to see her students.The students are happy to see her,too.Little Sam,one of Miss Smith's students,looks at her carefully.9. he walks up to Miss Smith,gives her a big hug and says,"Don't cry,Miss Smith.School is not so 10.
teacher
fifty
friends
so
windy
goes
late
door
Then
bad
$