必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕语法填空、词汇运用、应用文写作及读后续写等核心考点，按“基础巩固-词汇深化-语用提升”逻辑层次展开，通过考点梳理（如动词时态、非谓语动词）、方法指导（构词法密码破解）、真题训练（2024-2025年新课标卷实例）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破难点，体现复习教学的系统性与针对性。 讲义突出语言能力与思维品质培养，如“一词多义”辨析训练语境理解能力，“熟词生义”模块结合真题例句强化词汇灵活运用，应用文写作“3段式”结构指导与读后续写“教材语料场景练”提升表达逻辑，配合分层练习（单句填空、语境运用、完成句子）确保复习效果，助力学生提升应考能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供有力支撑。

[对应学生用书P22] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(译林必修三U1)As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in maintaining (maintain) the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. 2．(人教选必四U2)Located (locate) to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe，it's often informally referred to as “down under ”． 3．(译林选必四U2)Now，when speaking to Americans，who have a preference (prefer) for the direct style，I found that I often failed to get straight to the point. 4．(译林选必二U3)Acupuncture has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety (anxious) too. 5．(译林选必四U1)The man in the doorway struck (strike) a match and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale face，with keen eyes，a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow. Ⅱ.语境运用 1．The scientist thinks his invention is of great significance，because it is significant to cure the patients of the deadly disease.(significant) 2．When I was uncomfortable，he would comfort me gently，which made me quite comfortable．(comfort) 3．I couldn't finish the essay for lack of inspiration．When I heard the inspiring music，I became inspired and I was sure that I would finish it soon.(inspire) 4．The lake is surrounded by trees，and the surrounding countryside is beautiful.It's really enjoyable to walk in the pleasant surroundings．(surround) 5．It was fortunate for them to make a fortune trading with foreigners.And more fortunately，they were supported by the government.(fortune) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．“要是这次我再失败怎么办？”这个羞涩的男孩小声地自言自语着。 (心理描写) “ What_if_I_fail_again_this_time ？” the shy boy murmured to himself. 2．无论你想学什么，在制订计划之前确定你的目标是很重要的。(建议信) Whatever_you_want_to_learn，it is important to decide on your goal before you make a plan. 3．我打算做一份兼职工作，通过这份工作，我可以开阔我的视野。(申请信) I intend to take up a part-time job，through_which_I_can_have_my_horizons_broadened． [对应学生用书P23] prefer v.更喜欢(☞preference n.偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物) (1)prefer to do/doing sth　更喜欢做某事 prefer doing...to doing...＝prefer to do...rather than do...＝would rather do...than do...＝would do...rather than do...　宁愿做……而不愿做…… (2)have a preference for　偏爱；喜爱 [练透]　单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①These days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old-fashioned enough to_prefer (prefer) a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) ②As is shown in the chart，about 40% of students choose to listen to music，while 25% of them prefer doing/to_do (do) physical exercise to make themselves relaxed. ③One popular test asks the participants to grade their preferences (prefer) for a variety of work tasks.(人教选必四U5) ④I would rather appreciate the columns specially designed for teenagers than read those about politics and economy. →I_would_appreciate_the_columns_specially_designed_for_teenagers_rather_than_read those about politics and economy.(would do...rather than do...) →I_prefer_to_appreciate_the_columns_specially_designed_for_teenagers_rather_than_read those about politics and economy.(prefer to do...rather than do...) [点津]　prefer不用于进行时，不可与比较级连用。 advance n.进步，进展adj.预先的，在前的v.前进，进展；促进；提前(☞advanced adj.高级的；先进的) (1)in advance＝ahead of time　预先；提前 make advances in...　在……方面取得进步 (2)advance on/upon/towards　朝……前进 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner，experienced or advanced (advance) walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ②Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create，what medical advances (advance) you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop！(译林必修一U1) ③如果你能提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。(邀请信) I'd appreciate it if you could let me know whether_you_are_available_or_not_in_advance/ahead_of_time． tend v.易于做某事，往往会发生某事；照看(☞tendency n.趋向，趋势) (1)tend to do sth　易于/往往会做某事 tend (to) sb/sth　照顾(照看)某人/某物 tend to/towards　倾向于，趋于 (2)have a tendency to do sth　倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.(2025·全国二卷) ②People have a tendency (tend) to lean towards whatever they are interested in.(人教选必一U4) ③如果你提前了解唐朝的历史，你往往会发现你很容易学会唐诗。(建议信) Understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，and_you_will_tend_to_find_it_easy_to_learn_Tang_poetry． anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的；渴望的，急切的(☞anxiety n.担心；焦虑；渴望☞anxiously adv.焦虑地) (1)be anxious for/about...　为……担心/担忧 be anxious (for sb) to do sth　渴望(某人)做某事 (2)with anxiety　焦虑地 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①David was anxious to_participate (participate) in the cross-country run，but he was afraid of being laughed at by others.(情绪描写) ②Music and art，when used in hospitals，help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress，anxiety (anxious) and blood pressure. ③他正焦急地等待着结果，不停地查看手机以获取任何更新，并且坐立不安。(动作＋情绪描写) He was waiting for the results anxiously/with_anxiety，constantly glancing at his phone for any updates and unable to sit still. distance v.使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系n.距离；远处；冷淡(☞distant adj.远的；远处的；久远的) (1)in the distance　在远处 at a distance of　在……远的地方；距离稍远 at a distance　隔开一段距离 within walking distance　在步行距离内 keep sb at a distance　与某人保持一定距离 (2)be distant from　离……遥远 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Standing in the distance，they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake.(人教选必二U4) ②了解到其他同学总是疏远你，我写信给你一些建议。(建议信) Learning_that_other_students_always_keep_you_at_a_distance，I am writing to offer you some suggestions. ③我们将于下周六在一家距离我们学校两公里远的农场举办水果采摘活动。(通知) We'll hold a fruit-picking activity next Saturday on a farm which_is_at_a_distance_of_two_kilometres_from_our_school．(定语从句) strike v.划(火柴)；(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；突然想到；击中；撞击；敲钟；打动n.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；罢工 (1)sth strikes sb　某人突然想到…… It strikes sb that/to do...　某人突然想到…… be struck by...　被……打动；被……侵袭 strike sb in/on＋the＋身体部位　打某人某部位 (2)be on strike　在罢工 go on strike　举行罢工 [练透]　单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级 ①The night of the party arrived.The clock struck(strike) eight.(人教选必四U1) ②I was just about to pay the taxi driver when it_struck_me_that(我突然想到) I had left my wallet on the airplane. ③Because I was_struck_by_what_he_had_done_for_me (被他为我做的事情所感动)，I couldn't contain myself.(心理描写) →Struck_by_what_he_had_done_for_me，I couldn't contain myself.(分词短语作状语) turn up (意外地或终于)出现；调大(音量、热量等) turn down　拒绝；关小；调低 turn in　上交 turn out　结果是，证明是；生产；制造 turn over　翻身；移交；转变 turn off　关掉 turn on　打开 turn to　求助于；转向 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and，with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine.(2025·全国二卷) ②Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness，loneliness，or boredom.(2024·全国甲卷) ③This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical，especially whenever we share the newspaper.(2024·全国甲卷) ④I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio，holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.(译林选必一U2) ⑤我很抱歉拒绝本周末和你一起外出的邀请，因为我刚被告知我有一个很重要的会议要参加。(道歉信) I'm sorry to_turn_down_the_invitation_to_go_out_with_you this weekend，because I have just been informed that I'll have an important meeting to attend. have sth done使某事被做 教材原句：We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made，whatever they were going to be. 我们认为二十年后，我们应该有各自的命运，也应该各自发了财，不管它们将会是什么。 have sb do sth　让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth　使某人/某物一直做某事(多用于肯定句) can't/won't have sb doing sth　不允许某人做某事 have sth to do　有某事要做(主语自 己做) [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Rather than going out to stores weekly or even daily，more and more people order things from clothes to toys to foods online and have them delivered (deliver) directly to their homes.(人教必修二U3) ②I am terribly sorry for having you waiting (wait) for me for so long，because I had an urgent thing to_attend (attend) to just now. ③罗伯特听到没有通过考试的坏消息后非常沮丧，双臂交叉。(动作描写) Robert got very upset and had_his_arms_crossed_after_hearing_the_sad_news_that_he_failed_in_the_exam． [点津]　解题时，若have为使役动词则考虑have sb/sth doing，have sb do，have sth done；若have为及物动词，表示“有”时，则考虑have sth to do。 [对应学生用书P26] 　熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1．(2025·全国一卷)Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school，so they pack them into the car instead.塞进、挤满 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009.活动领域 3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new.使失去兴趣 　一词多义 1．strike A．v.袭击 B．v.突然想到　C．v.让(某人)觉得 D．v.打　E．v.打动　F．v.(大钟)报时 (1)(2025·全国一卷)They could have written pages on the necessity of computers，but writing，in and of itself，simply didn't strike them as important.__C__ (2)It suddenly struck me that I had forgotten to turn off the gas before leaving home.__B__ (3)(译林选必一U3)When I saw it up close，I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting，and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together.__E__ (4)(北师大选必三U9)Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.__A__ (5)Remember the saying：Strike the iron while it's hot.__D__ 2．deliver A．v.递送　B．v.接生　C．v.发表 (1)(人教必修三U2)Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.__B__ (2)(北师大选必四U10)Once the parcel had been received by this person，he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.__A__ (3)(译林选必三U3)The next day，President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech，in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy ” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan.__C__ 　破解构词法密码 名词后缀-ity/-ty 含义 表示 “性质、状态、程度、行为或结果” 规则 形容词＋-ity/-ty→抽象名词 例词 pure adj.纯净的→purity n.纯净；纯度 varied adj.多样的→variety n.多样性 safe adj.安全的→safety n.安全 写出下列黑体词的含义 1．(2025·全国一卷)They could have written pages on the necessity of computers，but writing，in and of itself，simply didn't strike them as important.必需的事物；必要性 2．(2025·全国一卷)It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.电力 3．(2024·北京卷)The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking，even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.相似性 4．(2024·全国甲卷)Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity.创造力，创造性 [对应学生用书P27] Ⅰ.应用文写作提分练 图画作文(交流变化)3段式：简述图片→图片展示内容＋原因→个人看法 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作并背诵全文。 假定你是李华，你在网上看到某英语论坛就下面图片的内容开展讨论活动，请观察图片，用英语写 一封回帖，参与讨论。内容包括：1.描述图片展示的变化；2.分析变化产生的原因；3.你对该变化的看法。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) 1．正如这两张图所说明的，人们在聚会时的交流已经发生了显著的变化。(as引导的非限制性定语从句) As_the_two_pictures_illustrate，there_have_been_significant_changes_to_communication between people when they get together. 2．以前人们聚会时会分享很多最新消息。他们在舒适的气氛里聊天。(时间状语从句省略句) People_used_to_share_their_updates_when_getting_together.They_chatted_in_a_comfortable_atmosphere. 3．现在，人们更喜欢玩数码设备而不是热情地聊天。 Now，people_prefer_to_play_with_digital_devices_rather_than_chat_with_passion． 4．已证明是技术的发展导致了这样的变化。(主语从句) It_has_been_proved_that_the_development_of_technology_has_brought_about_such_changes. 5．数码设备导致了人们之间面对面交流的缺乏。 Digital devices lead to the_absence_of_face­to­face_communication_between_people． 6．记住，我们应该把数码设备放在一边，对周围的人多一些耐心，以使我们能够维持我们的人际关系。 Keep_in_mind_we_ought_to_put_our_digital_devices_aside_and_have_more_patience_with_people surrounding us，thus_enabling_us_to_maintain_our_relationships． 第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，如nevertheless，thus，personally等) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] As the two pictures illustrate，there have been significant changes to communication between people when they get together. People used to share their updates when getting together.They chatted in a comfortable atmosphere.Nevertheless，people now prefer to play with digital devices rather than chat with passion.It has been proved that the development of technology has brought about such changes.Thus，digital devices lead to the absence of face-to-face communication between people. Personally，keep in mind we ought to put our digital devices aside and have more patience with people surrounding us，thus enabling us to maintain our relationships. Ⅱ.读后续写提升练 Step 1　教材语料 亮词 [情感描写]passion，anxious，strike，bitterly，ashamed [人物描写]familiar，inspiring，generosity，humour，quality，ordinary，scar，staunch，personality [动作描写]pour，comfort，distance，drag，hustle，lose track of，advance，tend 美句 1．As Aristotle said，no one would choose to live without friends，even if he had all other goods.(主旨升华) 2．He goes up to the man and finds he has a scar on his face.(动作＋外貌描写) 3．Stepping out of jail into the cold wind，Bob，now 58，felt lost and helpless.(情感描写) 4．Doubtfully，Bob unfolded the note.His hands were shaking by the time he had finished reading.(动作描写) 5．“You're Jimmy's son？！” Bob shouted in surprise.(情感描写) Step 2　单元词汇续写场景练 根据左栏汉语和黑体部分的提示，利用本单元所复习的词汇或句式补全小语段，并背诵全文。 他非常紧张，双腿发抖，汗水顺着脸颊流了下来。他甚至一个字也说不出，这让他很羞愧。他正要放弃，这时贾森先生正用充满安慰的目光望着他。他鼓舞人心的话语也瞬间浮现在脑海里。终于，他鼓起勇气开始了他的演讲。演讲结束时，观众们被他的勇气深深打动，都起身用热烈的掌声为他喝彩。 He was very nervous 1.with_his_legs_trembling_and_sweat_pouring_down_his_cheeks (with复合结构).He couldn't even utter a single word，2.which_made_him_ashamed (非限制性定语从句).He 3._was_about_to_give_up_when_he_saw_Mr_Jason_looking_at_him_with_a_comforting_gaze．(be about to do...when...).4.His_inspiring_words_came_back_to_his_mind (无灵主语).Finally，he gathered the courage to begin his speech.5.The_audience_were_struck_by_his_courage (被动语态)and all stood up to cheer for him with warm applause. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $