【暑假培优 ★ 新高二】第04讲：名词性从句+题型综合练+高考词汇进阶（全国通用）-新高二英语提升拓展精品讲义

第04讲：名词性从句+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：名词性从句 考点一 主语从句 考点二 宾语从句 考点三 表语从句 考点四 同位语从句 题型综合练 语法填空 阅读理解议论文 高考核心词汇积累 D字母高考核心词汇 要点梳理 四大名词性从句一览表 从句类型 位置 核心作用 引导词使用要点 例句 主语从句 放在主句谓语前；或 it 作形式主语 作句子的主语 1.that 无词义，不能省略；2.whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if 放句首；3.what/who 等在从句充当成分 That he won the game is true.（It is true that he won the game.） 宾语从句 放在及物动词 / 介词之后 作动词、介词的宾语 1.that 引导宾语从句时可省略；2. 介词后只用 whether，不用 if；3.what/who 在从句做主 / 宾 I know (that) he is honest. 表语从句 放在 be / 系动词 (seem, become 等) 后面 作表语，解释主语内容 1.that 不能省略；2.if 不能引导表语从句，只能用 whether The fact is that he lied. 同位语从句 放在抽象名词后（fact, news, idea, belief, reason…） 解释说明前面名词的具体内容 1.that 只起连接作用、不充当成分，不可省略；2. 用来解释名词 The news that our team won spread quickly. 课堂精讲 考点一、主语从句 一、基本概念 在主从复合句中，作主语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为主语从句。主句从句可以由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导，且不能省略。另外，主句的动词大多用be动词或其他系动词。 常用来引导主语从句的词 连词 that，whether 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 二、由连词that, whether, if引导的主语从句 说明：that 无实义，只起连接作用；whether/if 表 “是否”，if 引导主语从句不能放句首，只能用 it 形式主语结构。 That he refused the offer surprised everyone. 他拒绝了这份邀约，所有人都很惊讶。 Whether we can finish the task on time depends on our efforts. 我们能否按时完成任务取决于我们的努力。 三、连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever引导的主语从句 说明：连接代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，有实际词义。 1. What he said at the meeting impressed us deeply. 他在会议上说的话给我们留下了深刻印象。 2. Whoever breaks the rule will be punished. 无论谁违反规则都将受到处罚。 3. Whichever plan you choose makes no difference to me. 无论你选择哪个方案，对我来说都无所谓。 四、连接副词when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why引导的主语从句 说明：连接副词在从句中作状语（时间、地点、方式、原因）。 1. When we will set off hasn’t been decided yet. 我们何时出发还没有定下来。 2. Where we hold the graduation ceremony is still under discussion. 我们在哪里举办毕业典礼仍在商讨中。 3. How we solve this tough matter matters a lot. 我们如何解决这件棘手的事至关重要。 五、用it作形式主语的主语从句 如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。常见的结构有： ①It+is+形容词+that…，常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, certain, obvious, strange, natural等。 ②It+is+名词+that…，常见的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a mystery, a wonder, no wonder, good news, common knowledge等。 ③It+is+动词过去分词+that…，常见的过去分词有said, believed, reported, pointed out, hoped, thought, decided, ordered等。 ④It+特殊动词+that…，常见的特殊动词有seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make a difference等。 ⑤It+使令性动词+sb.+that...，常见的动词有worry, shock, surprise, satisfy, upset等。 【小试牛刀】 1． the boy made so much progress in a short time surprised all of us. 2． matters most is not what you think but what you do to pave the way for your future. 3．It matters greatly your parents understand and support you. 4． breaks the law will sooner or later be caught and punished. 5．It matters greatly your parents understand and support you. 考点二、宾语从句 一、基本概念 在主从复合句中，作宾语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主语从句和表语从句一样，使用连词、连接代词和连接副词等引导。 常用来引导宾语从句的词 连词 that，whether 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 二、宾语从句引导词 分三类：that（陈述句）、whether/if（一般疑问句）、wh - 连接词（特殊疑问词） 1. I think (that) he will keep his promise. 我认为他会遵守承诺。 2. She asks whether/if we can attend her birthday party. 她问我们是否能参加她的生日派对。 3. I don’t know where the nearest subway station is. 我不知道最近的地铁站在哪里。 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 三、it形式宾语 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 宾补 (adj./n.) + 真正宾语从句，it 代替后置从句，避免头重脚轻 1. I find it easy that I can memorize English words every day. 我发现每天记英语单词是一件轻松的事。 2. We think it necessary that everyone should obey the rules. 我们认为每个人遵守规则是很有必要的。 3. He took it for granted that his parents would support him forever. 他想当然地认为父母会永远支持他。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句 四、宾语从句的时态语序 语序：一律陈述语序（引导词 + 主语 + 谓语） 时态：主句过去时，从句倒退相应过去时态；主句现在时，从句时态按需；客观真理永用一般现在时 1. He told me that he had finished his homework.（主句过去，从句过去完成时，陈述语序） 他告诉我他已经写完作业了。 2. Our teacher says that the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，从句永远一般现在时） 老师说地球绕着太阳转。 3. Could you tell me how I can get to the library?（疑问句主句，从句仍用陈述语序） 你能告诉我怎么去图书馆吗？ 【小试牛刀】 1. Her design includes the Self Growing Farm, and she details ______it would work with elements on Mars. 2. They rated the flavor, color, appearance, and taste of the produce to see ______ the labor over their greens proved fruitful as a supplement to prepackaged space food. 3. It is a universal code with different marks to help with the meaning of ________ is being written. 4. In the first experiment, students were asked to recall ________ various stimuli (刺激物) were the same or different after a set period of time. 5. Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except ____ it is made of tea rather than milk.” 考点三、表语从句 一、基本概念。 在主从复合句中，作表语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为表语从句。表语从句可以由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，并且不能省略。 常用来引导表语从句的词 连词 that，weather 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 二、表语从句引导词 The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 易错警示 if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 三、as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 四、其他常考的表语从句 (1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 【小试牛刀】 1. It turns out that this may be _______ our brains remember sound differently than other types of senses. 2. Sometimes unknown species are often living right under our noses — in parks, gardens and even in planters on balconies. That’s ______ researchers in Japan recently recognized this new species of orchid. 3．Tom came late for the meeting. That’s he got stuck in the traffic jam. (用适当的词填空) 4．The funniest moment was someone watching the race offered me a banana — a real treat for running gorilla! (用适当的词填空) 5．The question is will be successful applicants for the summer job at the law firm. (用适当的词填空) 考点四、同位语从句 在主从复合句中，作同位语的是一个从句，则这个句子就称为同位语从句。同位语从句由连词that和whether、关系代词who和what或关系副词why和how等引导。连词that在同位语从句中不担任任何成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。从意思上来讲，同位语从句所表达的意思，就是与之同位的名词所表达的意思。 与从句同位的名词通常是表示事实等的抽象名词 answer回答 belief信念 doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望 idea想法 news消息 order命令 question问题 reply回答 thought想法 rumour谣言 注意：具体名词，如pen，book等之后不能跟同位语从句。 The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.昨天我们邀请了他，这个主意真是太好了。 The question whether we’ll go to see the film next Monday hasn’t been settled. 说明：whether引导同位语从句，有词义，不作成分，不能省略，也不能用if来代替。 下周一我们是否去看那部电影还未决定。 His question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.他问为什么天是蓝的，这令人很难回答。 The rumour that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.（同位语从句） 说明：that引导的从句是抽象名词rumour的同位语从句，that无词义，不作成分，也不能省略。 将要发生地震的谣言很快就在这一地区传开了。 The rumour is that there’ll be an earthquake.（表语从句）谣言是将要发生地震了。 比较：试比较下面两个句子的正误。 （正）The idea (that) he told me yesterday is good.（定语从句） （误）The idea is that he told me yesterday.昨天他告诉我的那个主意太好了。 易错警示 that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 【小试牛刀】 1．This should serve as a warning ________ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads. 2．You have no idea anxious I have been for her safety. (用适当的词填空) 3．Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport. 4．They are faced with the problem they should continue the task or just give up. (用适当的词填空) 5．We hadn’t settled the problem ________ would be sent to take charge of that chain shop. 课堂精练 1．There is some doubt it is wise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. (用适当的词填空) 2． I have harvested most from the contest is not the award but the improvement of my pronunciation and the fun of acting. 3．Despite the fact doctors have warned that smoking does harm to health, people still keep on smoking. (用适当的词填空) 4．There has been no news about the famous pianist will arrive. 5． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空） 6．Most of us are well aware good technology can help companies achieve competitive advantage and long-term financial success. （用适当的词填空） 7．Stage fright is a common example of educators call a “lack of confidence” among students. 8． they found was that expressing and receiving appreciation increased happiness for both sides. 9．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. (用适当的词填空) 10．He has heart disease. That is he has been smoking too much. (用适当的词填空) 11．The reason why Apple holds the largest market share in overseas smartphone industry is it stills maintains technological advances. (用适当的词填空) 12．It is widely acknowledged Professor Hawking was one of the greatest physicists in the world. 13．As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question there is life on other planets. (用适当的词填空) 14．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week because of the bad weather. （用适当的词填空） 15． I have harvested most from the contest is not the award but the improvement of my pronunciation and the fun of acting. 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shennongjia, a world heritage site, is a place 1 the local people take things from nature without 2 (cause) damage. I visited a local village which is 3 (know) for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is 4 (produce) by the earliest species of Chinese bee. Every spring, the villagers place beehives around their houses 5 (attract) these wild bees from the forest. Although endangered elsewhere in China due 6 the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia 7 (coexist) with the local people for centuries. By providing the bees with 8 secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return. This is just one of the 9 (way) in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony 10 nature. 二、阅读理解 From a young age, I had difficulty with math. Words and stories were easy for me, but numbers seemed like a different language. My father patiently used pencils to show me problems. However, my mind always focused on the stories behind the numbers. Although he tried to help, he sometimes became frustrated. His critical words about my math skills slowly made me anxious and less confident. In school, my problems increased. A geometry (几何) teacher’s sharp words and my low grades seemed to prove my fears were true. My mother found a tutor, a college student. Even his clear explanations left my mind soon after he was gone. What stayed was a strong fear of math, a feeling many people now call “math anxiety”. Yet life continued. I got married, raised three sons, and had a teaching career. When I chose to work for a doctoral degree in education, I knew I would need statistics. This time, however, I dealt with it differently. I was not that unsure young girl anymore. I asked for help, joined weekend study groups, and did not let my old fears control me. When the professor asked if I had questions, I smiled and said yes — without feeling shy. Looking back, I understand the strongest limits were never really mine; they were the echoes (回响) of other people’s doubts that I had let grow inside me. I did not become a medical doctor, but I earned a doctorate in a field I love. I managed to be a mother, a teacher, and a graduate student at the same time. This was not because I was naturally excellent at everything, but because I learned to believe in my own ability to learn and improve. Now that I am older, I see that every challenge helped form who I am. If I could talk to my younger self, I would kindly tell her to trust her own voice earlier. Yet I regret nothing — every step, even the hard ones, led me to a life full of deep satisfaction and happiness. 11．Why did the author feel “math anxiety”? A．Numbers sound like a different language. B．Stories distracted her easily. C．The tutor left her forgetful. D．Adults’ comments made her doubt herself. 12．What does “without feeling shy” imply? A．She gathered statistics. B．She sought help actively. C．She was not a young girl. D．She understood the questions. 13．What helped the author succeed in multiple roles? A．Natural talent. B．An easier career path. C．Self-belief in learning. D．Complete independence. 14．What is the author’s attitude towards her past struggles now? A．Grateful. B．Regretful. C．Worried. D．Excited. 高考核心词汇 演练 高考高频词汇精选背诵（D字母） 1. deadline 2. define 3. delicate 4. deposit 5. discourage 6. dwelling 7. dramatic 8. delight 9. depress 10. disclose 11. discipline 12. dissolve 13. decade 14. discount 15. discriminate 16. domestic 17. declare 18. digest 19. diligent 20. dignity 21. decay 22. deceive 23. distinct 24. diagnose 25. delete 26. decent 27. distinguish 28. desperate 29. deliver 30. defect 31. document 32. diverse 33. decline 34. deliberate 35. density 36. dizzy 37. demonstrate 38. digital 39. dominant 40. drain · 高考核心词汇练习 1. High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money from banks. A. discourage B. decrease C. disturb D. disgust 2. The illness from which Mary is suffering has now been _____ as hepatitis（肝炎）. A. diagnosed B. determined C. declined D. discovered 3. American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A. declared B. disclosed C. displayed D. denied 4. You can identify people's nationality from their facial features and their distinctive dress. A. distinctive B. distinguished C. dominant D. decisive 5. The car salesman took the customer for a driver in the new model in order to _____ its improved features. A. decay B. demonstrate C. donate D. deceive 6. The rainbow _____ as the sun came fully out from behind the clouds. A. dissolved B.dominated C. disposed D. disappeared 7. Jim isn't _____, but he did badly in the final exams last semester. A.dim B. dull C. diligent D. dumb 8. she is a modern and intellectual young girl with __________ abilities and knowledge. A. detective B. definite C. digital D. diverse 9. He earned a large sum of money and __________ 500,000 dollars in the bank. A. deposited B. deleted C. departed D. decorated 10. __________ practice means more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and so on. A. dramatic B.decent C. distinct D. deliberate 11. Thousands of people are ____________ trying to leave their battered(破旧的) homes. A. disappointedly B. desperately C. delightedly D. dramatically 12. Doctors have said that as many as 50 percent of patients don’t take medicine as ________. A. described B.distinguished C. directed D. depended 13. Club members get a 15% __________, much lower than the regular price. A. discount B. discipline C.dignity D. drain 14. Compared to other applicants, your main _________ is lack of job experience. A.decade B. disadvantage C. document D. density 15. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the _________. A. distinction B. distraction C. deadline D.division 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第04讲：名词性从句+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：名词性从句 考点一 主语从句 考点二 宾语从句 考点三 表语从句 考点四 同位语从句 题型综合练 语法填空 阅读理解议论文 高考核心词汇积累 D字母高考核心词汇 要点梳理 四大名词性从句一览表 从句类型 位置 核心作用 引导词使用要点 例句 主语从句 放在主句谓语前；或 it 作形式主语 作句子的主语 1.that 无词义，不能省略；2.whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if 放句首；3.what/who 等在从句充当成分 That he won the game is true.（It is true that he won the game.） 宾语从句 放在及物动词 / 介词之后 作动词、介词的宾语 1.that 引导宾语从句时可省略；2. 介词后只用 whether，不用 if；3.what/who 在从句做主 / 宾 I know (that) he is honest. 表语从句 放在 be / 系动词 (seem, become 等) 后面 作表语，解释主语内容 1.that 不能省略；2.if 不能引导表语从句，只能用 whether The fact is that he lied. 同位语从句 放在抽象名词后（fact, news, idea, belief, reason…） 解释说明前面名词的具体内容 1.that 只起连接作用、不充当成分，不可省略；2. 用来解释名词 The news that our team won spread quickly. 考点二考点一 宾语从句 课堂精讲 考点一、主语从句 一、基本概念 在主从复合句中，作主语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为主语从句。主句从句可以由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导，且不能省略。另外，主句的动词大多用be动词或其他系动词。 常用来引导主语从句的词 连词 that，whether 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 二、由连词that, whether, if引导的主语从句 说明：that 无实义，只起连接作用；whether/if 表 “是否”，if 引导主语从句不能放句首，只能用 it 形式主语结构。 That he refused the offer surprised everyone. 他拒绝了这份邀约，所有人都很惊讶。 Whether we can finish the task on time depends on our efforts. 我们能否按时完成任务取决于我们的努力。 三、连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever引导的主语从句 说明：连接代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，有实际词义。 1. What he said at the meeting impressed us deeply. 他在会议上说的话给我们留下了深刻印象。 2. Whoever breaks the rule will be punished. 无论谁违反规则都将受到处罚。 3. Whichever plan you choose makes no difference to me. 无论你选择哪个方案，对我来说都无所谓。 四、连接副词when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why引导的主语从句 说明：连接副词在从句中作状语（时间、地点、方式、原因）。 1. When we will set off hasn’t been decided yet. 我们何时出发还没有定下来。 2. Where we hold the graduation ceremony is still under discussion. 我们在哪里举办毕业典礼仍在商讨中。 3. How we solve this tough matter matters a lot. 我们如何解决这件棘手的事至关重要。 五、用it作形式主语的主语从句 如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。常见的结构有： ①It+is+形容词+that…，常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, certain, obvious, strange, natural等。 ②It+is+名词+that…，常见的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a mystery, a wonder, no wonder, good news, common knowledge等。 ③It+is+动词过去分词+that…，常见的过去分词有said, believed, reported, pointed out, hoped, thought, decided, ordered等。 ④It+特殊动词+that…，常见的特殊动词有seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make a difference等。 ⑤It+使令性动词+sb.+that...，常见的动词有worry, shock, surprise, satisfy, upset等。 【小试牛刀】 1． the boy made so much progress in a short time surprised all of us. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这个男孩在短时间内取得如此大的进步使我们大家都感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，应用连接词 that 引导该从句。故填 That。 2． matters most is not what you think but what you do to pave the way for your future. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最重要的不是你想什么，而是你做了什么来为你的未来铺平道路。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的事物”，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。 3．It matters greatly your parents understand and support you. 【答案】whether/that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是你的父母（是否）理解和支持你。分析句子可知，It是形式主语，空处引导主语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”，使用whether引导从句；也可理解为从句结构、意义完整（你的父母理解和支持你），用that引导，故填whether/that。 4． breaks the law will sooner or later be caught and punished. 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论是谁违法迟早会被抓住并受到惩罚。分析句式结构可知此处是主语从句，且主语从句中缺少主语，再分析句意可知，用连接代词whoever引导主语从句表示“无论谁”，符合语境。故填whoever。 5．It matters greatly your parents understand and support you. 【答案】whether/that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是你的父母（是否）理解和支持你。分析句子可知，It是形式主语，空处引导主语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”，使用whether引导从句；也可理解为从句结构、意义完整（你的父母理解和支持你），用that引导，故填whether/that。 考点二、宾语从句 一、基本概念 在主从复合句中，作宾语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主语从句和表语从句一样，使用连词、连接代词和连接副词等引导。 常用来引导宾语从句的词 连词 that，whether 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 二、宾语从句引导词 分三类：that（陈述句）、whether/if（一般疑问句）、wh - 连接词（特殊疑问词） 1. I think (that) he will keep his promise. 我认为他会遵守承诺。 2. She asks whether/if we can attend her birthday party. 她问我们是否能参加她的生日派对。 3. I don’t know where the nearest subway station is. 我不知道最近的地铁站在哪里。 易错警示 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 三、it形式宾语 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 宾补 (adj./n.) + 真正宾语从句，it 代替后置从句，避免头重脚轻 1. I find it easy that I can memorize English words every day. 我发现每天记英语单词是一件轻松的事。 2. We think it necessary that everyone should obey the rules. 我们认为每个人遵守规则是很有必要的。 3. He took it for granted that his parents would support him forever. 他想当然地认为父母会永远支持他。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句 四、宾语从句的时态语序 语序：一律陈述语序（引导词 + 主语 + 谓语） 时态：主句过去时，从句倒退相应过去时态；主句现在时，从句时态按需；客观真理永用一般现在时 1. He told me that he had finished his homework.（主句过去，从句过去完成时，陈述语序） 他告诉我他已经写完作业了。 2. Our teacher says that the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，从句永远一般现在时） 老师说地球绕着太阳转。 3. Could you tell me how I can get to the library?（疑问句主句，从句仍用陈述语序） 你能告诉我怎么去图书馆吗？ 【小试牛刀】 1. Her design includes the Self Growing Farm, and she details ______it would work with elements on Mars. 【答案】how 【解析】．考查宾语从句。句意：她的设计包括自我生长的农场，她详细介绍了它将如何与火星上的元素一起工作。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。故填how。 2. They rated the flavor, color, appearance, and taste of the produce to see ______ the labor over their greens proved fruitful as a supplement to prepackaged space food. 【答案】．whether/if 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：当这些蔬菜可以吃的时候，宇航员还完成了一个感官评估。他们对这些蔬菜的味道、颜色、外观和味道进行打分，看看这些蔬菜作为预先包装的太空食品的补充是否有益。引导宾语从句，从句表示“是否”应用whether或if。故填whether/if。 3. It is a universal code with different marks to help with the meaning of ________ is being written. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这是一个带有不同标记的通用代码，有助于理解所写内容的含义。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“写的内容”，应用连接代词what。故填what。 4. In the first experiment, students were asked to recall ________ various stimuli (刺激物) were the same or different after a set period of time. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：在第一个实验中，学生们被要求在一段时间后回忆各种刺激是相同还是不同。空处引导宾语从句，结合句意可知，此处指“各种刺激是相同还是不同”，空后有or，应用whether引导宾语从句，故填whether。 5. Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except ____ it is made of tea rather than milk.” 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：它类似于一杯咖啡上面的泡沫，只是它是由茶而不是牛奶制成的。根据空格前的except和空格后的句子可知，空格处应该填入一个连词引导宾语从句，因为空格后的句子是一个完整的句子，且句意完整，所以该连词只起连接作用，没有任何意义。故填that。 考点三、表语从句 一、基本概念。 在主从复合句中，作表语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为表语从句。表语从句可以由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，并且不能省略。 常用来引导表语从句的词 连词 that，weather 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 二、表语从句引导词 The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 易错警示 if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 三、as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 四、其他常考的表语从句 (1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 【小试牛刀】 1. It turns out that this may be _______ our brains remember sound differently than other types of senses. 【答案】because 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：事实证明，这可能是因为我们的大脑对声音的记忆不同于其他类型的感官。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，表示“因为”，应用连接副词because，故填because。 2. Sometimes unknown species are often living right under our noses — in parks, gardens and even in planters on balconies. That’s ______ researchers in Japan recently recognized this new species of orchid. 【答案】where 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：日本的研究人员最近在那里发现了这种新品种的兰花。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，根据语境可知，句子表示“日本的研究人员最近在那里发现了这种新品种的兰花”，空格处意为“在……的地方”，故填where。 3．Tom came late for the meeting. That’s he got stuck in the traffic jam. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他遇到了交通堵塞。根据句子结构，此处需要一个连接词引导表语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意，此处表示“因为”，所以此处使用because引导表语从句。故填because。 4．The funniest moment was someone watching the race offered me a banana — a real treat for running gorilla! (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：最有趣的时刻是有人在观看比赛时给了我一根香蕉——对跑步的大猩猩来说真是一种享受！此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作时间状语，应用连接副词when引导。故填when。 5．The question is will be successful applicants for the summer job at the law firm. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是谁会成为这家律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请者。空处引导名词性从句作主句的表语，表语从句缺少主语，结合“successful applicants”可知，主语指人，应用连接代词who作引导词。故填who。 考点四、同位语从句 在主从复合句中，作同位语的是一个从句，则这个句子就称为同位语从句。同位语从句由连词that和whether、关系代词who和what或关系副词why和how等引导。连词that在同位语从句中不担任任何成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。从意思上来讲，同位语从句所表达的意思，就是与之同位的名词所表达的意思。 与从句同位的名词通常是表示事实等的抽象名词 answer回答 belief信念 doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望 idea想法 news消息 order命令 question问题 reply回答 thought想法 rumour谣言 注意：具体名词，如pen，book等之后不能跟同位语从句。 The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.昨天我们邀请了他，这个主意真是太好了。 The question whether we’ll go to see the film next Monday hasn’t been settled. 说明：whether引导同位语从句，有词义，不作成分，不能省略，也不能用if来代替。 下周一我们是否去看那部电影还未决定。 His question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.他问为什么天是蓝的，这令人很难回答。 The rumour that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.（同位语从句） 说明：that引导的从句是抽象名词rumour的同位语从句，that无词义，不作成分，也不能省略。 将要发生地震的谣言很快就在这一地区传开了。 The rumour is that there’ll be an earthquake.（表语从句）谣言是将要发生地震了。 比较：试比较下面两个句子的正误。 （正）The idea (that) he told me yesterday is good.（定语从句） （误）The idea is that he told me yesterday.昨天他告诉我的那个主意太好了。 易错警示 that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 【小试牛刀】 1．This should serve as a warning ________ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads. 【答案】tha 【详解】考查同位语从句。warning后是同位语从句，设空处后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，设空处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义，故填that。 2．You have no idea anxious I have been for her safety. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】how 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：你不知道我有多担心她的安全。空处引导名词性从句作idea的同位语，从句中缺少修饰anxious的程度状语，应用连接副词how作引导词，表示“多么”。故填how。 3．Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：没有人相信他缺课的理由，即他必须去机场接他的叔叔。“reason” 后面的 “he had to meet his uncle at the airport” 是对 “reason”的解释说明，即空处引导同位语从句，从句不缺成分且意思完整，应使用that引导。故填that。 4．They are faced with the problem they should continue the task or just give up. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：他们面临着一个问题，即他们应该继续这项任务还是放弃。此处需要一个连词引导同位语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether，whether...or...“是……还是……”。故填whether。 5．We hadn’t settled the problem ________ would be sent to take charge of that chain shop. 【答案】who 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们还没有决定派谁来管理那家连锁店的问题。空格处在此处引导同位语从句，该从句进一步解释说明problem的内容，指人，在从句中作主语用who。故填who。 课堂精练 1．There is some doubt it is wise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：完全依赖消费评级是否明智还有些疑问。设空处引导同位语从句，对doubt内容进行解释和说明，在带有doubt的肯定句式中，doubt后的同位语从句用连接词whether“是否”引导，表示“对……持有疑问”。故填whether。 2． I have harvested most from the contest is not the award but the improvement of my pronunciation and the fun of acting. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这次比赛让我收获最多的不是奖项，而是发音的提高和表演的乐趣。分析句子可知，空处与I have harvested most from the contest为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示事物，用连接代词what引导从句，放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 3．Despite the fact doctors have warned that smoking does harm to health, people still keep on smoking. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：尽管医生已经警告吸烟有害健康，人们还是继续吸烟。despite the fact that表示“尽管事实是……”；名词fact后，解释fact内容，是同位语从句，只起连接作用用that引导。故填that。 4．There has been no news about the famous pianist will arrive. 【答案】when 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：还没有关于这位著名的钢琴家将何时到达的消息。about后跟宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少时间状语应用when，故填when。 5． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：两列火车相撞的原因尚不清楚，但警方表示，这可能是由于大雪。空处引导主语从句，从句成份完整，结合下文“it could be due to the heavy snow”可知，此处是指原因，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填Why。 6．Most of us are well aware good technology can help companies achieve competitive advantage and long-term financial success. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们大多数人都清楚地知道，良好的技术可以帮助企业获得竞争优势和长期的财务成功。分析句子结构可知，are aware后缺少宾语，此处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。 7．Stage fright is a common example of educators call a “lack of confidence” among students. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：怯场是教育工作者所说的学生“缺乏自信”的一个常见例子。分析句子结构可知，空处填宾语从句连接词，从句中call后加双宾语，即用call sb. sth.而从句中缺少宾语，所以用what在从句中做宾语，故填what。 8． they found was that expressing and receiving appreciation increased happiness for both sides. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他们发现，表达和接受赞赏会增加双方的幸福感。在主语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。 9．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：生活的百分之十是发生在你身上的事，百分之九十是你如何应对它。空处引导名词性从句作表语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“如何，怎样”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 10．He has heart disease. That is he has been smoking too much. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他患有心脏病。那是因为他抽烟抽得太多了。该空引导表语从句，前句“他有心脏病”是结果，后句“他吸烟过多”是原因，用because，That is because+表语从句（原因）。故填because。 11．The reason why Apple holds the largest market share in overseas smartphone industry is it stills maintains technological advances. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：苹果公司之所以能在海外智能手机行业占据最大的市场份额，是因为它仍然保持着技术上的领先。分析句子，该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句，解释reason的具体内容，从句是一个陈述句，成分完整，应填that；名词reason作主语时，其表语从句使用that引导，The reason....is that....句型。故填that。 12．It is widely acknowledged Professor Hawking was one of the greatest physicists in the world. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型和主语从句。句意：人们普遍认为霍金教授是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。It is (widely) acknowledged that...是固定句型，意为“人们(普遍)认为……”，其中it作形式主语，连词that引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分，无实义。故填that。 13．As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question there is life on other planets. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：随着我们对宇宙了解的增多，我们也许有一天能回答其他星球上是否有生命这个问题。分析句子结构可知，空格后是同位语从句，解释说明“the question”的具体内容，从句结构完整，且表示“是否”的含义，应用连接词whether来引导。故填whether。 14．Word came the students would put off the outing until next week because of the bad weather. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息传来，由于天气不好，学生们将把郊游推迟到下周。空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明Word的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此使用that引导同位语从句。故填that。 15． I have harvested most from the contest is not the award but the improvement of my pronunciation and the fun of acting. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这次比赛让我收获最多的不是奖项，而是发音的提高和表演的乐趣。分析句子可知，空处与I have harvested most from the contest为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示事物，用连接代词what引导从句，放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shennongjia, a world heritage site, is a place 1 the local people take things from nature without 2 (cause) damage. I visited a local village which is 3 (know) for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is 4 (produce) by the earliest species of Chinese bee. Every spring, the villagers place beehives around their houses 5 (attract) these wild bees from the forest. Although endangered elsewhere in China due 6 the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia 7 (coexist) with the local people for centuries. By providing the bees with 8 secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return. This is just one of the 9 (way) in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony 10 nature. 【答案】 1．where 2．causing 3．known 4．produced 5．to attract 6．to 7．have coexisted 8．a 9．ways 10．with 【导语】文章主要介绍了世界遗产神农架的人与自然和谐共生的生活方式，以当地村民养殖中华蜜蜂、采集蜂蜜为例，展现了神农架人从自然中获取资源却不破坏环境的理念。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：神农架，一处世界遗产地，是当地人从自然中获取资源，却不会造成破坏的地方。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：神农架，一处世界遗产地，是当地人从自然中获取资源，却不会造成破坏的地方。介词without后需接动名词形式作宾语。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我参观了一个以自制蜂蜜闻名的当地村庄。be known for是固定短语，意为“因……而闻名”。 4．考查被动语态。句意：这种蜂蜜的特别之处在于它是由最古老的中华蜜蜂品种生产的。主语it与动词produce之间是被动关系，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态is + 过去分词。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：每年春天，村民们会在房子周围放置蜂箱，以吸引来自森林的这些野生蜜蜂。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了吸引”。 6．考查介词。句意：尽管由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂在中国其他地区濒临灭绝，但神农架的蜜蜂已经与当地人共存了数百年。due to是固定短语，意为“由于，因为”。 7．考查时态。句意：尽管由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂在中国其他地区濒临灭绝，但神农架的蜜蜂已经与当地人共存了数百年。根据时间状语“for centuries”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语“the bees”为复数，应用have coexisted。 8．考查冠词。句意：通过为蜜蜂提供一个安全的家，村民们作为回报采集它们的蜂蜜。此处泛指“一个安全的家”，且secure发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 9．考查名词。句意：这只是神农架人与大自然和谐相处、工作的方式之一。“one of the + 复数名词”是固定结构，意为“……之一”。 10．考查介词。句意：这只是神农架人与大自然和谐相处、工作的方式之一。in harmony with是固定短语，意为“与……和谐相处”。 二、阅读理解 From a young age, I had difficulty with math. Words and stories were easy for me, but numbers seemed like a different language. My father patiently used pencils to show me problems. However, my mind always focused on the stories behind the numbers. Although he tried to help, he sometimes became frustrated. His critical words about my math skills slowly made me anxious and less confident. In school, my problems increased. A geometry (几何) teacher’s sharp words and my low grades seemed to prove my fears were true. My mother found a tutor, a college student. Even his clear explanations left my mind soon after he was gone. What stayed was a strong fear of math, a feeling many people now call “math anxiety”. Yet life continued. I got married, raised three sons, and had a teaching career. When I chose to work for a doctoral degree in education, I knew I would need statistics. This time, however, I dealt with it differently. I was not that unsure young girl anymore. I asked for help, joined weekend study groups, and did not let my old fears control me. When the professor asked if I had questions, I smiled and said yes — without feeling shy. Looking back, I understand the strongest limits were never really mine; they were the echoes (回响) of other people’s doubts that I had let grow inside me. I did not become a medical doctor, but I earned a doctorate in a field I love. I managed to be a mother, a teacher, and a graduate student at the same time. This was not because I was naturally excellent at everything, but because I learned to believe in my own ability to learn and improve. Now that I am older, I see that every challenge helped form who I am. If I could talk to my younger self, I would kindly tell her to trust her own voice earlier. Yet I regret nothing — every step, even the hard ones, led me to a life full of deep satisfaction and happiness. 11．Why did the author feel “math anxiety”? A．Numbers sound like a different language. B．Stories distracted her easily. C．The tutor left her forgetful. D．Adults’ comments made her doubt herself. 12．What does “without feeling shy” imply? A．She gathered statistics. B．She sought help actively. C．She was not a young girl. D．She understood the questions. 13．What helped the author succeed in multiple roles? A．Natural talent. B．An easier career path. C．Self-belief in learning. D．Complete independence. 14．What is the author’s attitude towards her past struggles now? A．Grateful. B．Regretful. C．Worried. D．Excited. 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A 【导语】文章主要讲述作者自幼惧怕数学，重拾自信后攻读博士收获圆满人生。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His critical words about my math skills slowly made me anxious and less confident.(他对我数学能力的批评话语慢慢让我焦虑、自信心下降。)”可知，成年人的评价让她自我怀疑，产生数学焦虑。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段中“I asked for help, joined weekend study groups, and did not let my old fears control me. When the professor asked if I had questions, I smiled and said yes — without feeling shy.(我主动求助，参加周末学习小组，不再让过去的恐惧控制我。当教授问我是否有问题时，我微笑着回答“有”——一点也不觉得难为情。)”可知，作者主动求助，一点也不觉得难为情，“without feeling shy”暗示她主动寻求帮助。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This was not because I was naturally excellent at everything, but because I learned to believe in my own ability to learn and improve.(这并非我天生样样优秀，而是我学会相信自己学习与进步的能力。)”可知，对自身学习能力的自信助力她兼顾多重身份并取得成功。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now that I am older, I see that every challenge helped form who I am. If I could talk to my younger self, I would kindly tell her to trust her own voice earlier. Yet I regret nothing — every step, even the hard ones, led me to a life full of deep satisfaction and happiness.(如今我已年长，我明白每一个挑战都塑造了今天的我。如果我能对年轻的自己说话，我会温柔地告诉她，早点相信自己的声音。但我并不后悔——每一步，即使是艰难的那几步，都引领我走向了一个充满深深满足感和幸福的人生。)”可知，作者对过往的磨难心怀感恩。 高考核心词汇 演练 高考高频词汇精选背诵（D字母） 1. deadline 2. define 3. delicate 4. deposit 5. discourage 6. dwelling 7. dramatic 8. delight 9. depress 10. disclose 11. discipline 12. dissolve 13. decade 14. discount 15. discriminate 16. domestic 17. declare 18. digest 19. diligent 20. dignity 21. decay 22. deceive 23. distinct 24. diagnose 25. delete 26. decent 27. distinguish 28. desperate 29. deliver 30. defect 31. document 32. diverse 33. decline 34. deliberate 35. density 36. dizzy 37. demonstrate 38. digital 39. dominant 40. drain · 高考核心词汇练习 1. High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money from banks. A. discourage B. decrease C. disturb D. disgust 2. The illness from which Mary is suffering has now been _____ as hepatitis（肝炎）. A. diagnosed B. determined C. declined D. discovered 3. American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A. declared B. disclosed C. displayed D. denied 4. You can identify people's nationality from their facial features and their distinctive dress. A. distinctive B. distinguished C. dominant D. decisive 5. The car salesman took the customer for a driver in the new model in order to _____ its improved features. A. decay B. demonstrate C. donate D. deceive 6. The rainbow _____ as the sun came fully out from behind the clouds. A. dissolved B.dominated C. disposed D. disappeared 7. Jim isn't _____, but he did badly in the final exams last semester. A.dim B. dull C. diligent D. dumb 8. she is a modern and intellectual young girl with __________ abilities and knowledge. A. detective B. definite C. digital D. diverse 9. He earned a large sum of money and __________ 500,000 dollars in the bank. A. deposited B. deleted C. departed D. decorated 10. __________ practice means more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and so on. A. dramatic B.decent C. distinct D. deliberate 11. Thousands of people are ____________ trying to leave their battered(破旧的) homes. A. disappointedly B. desperately C. delightedly D. dramatically 12. Doctors have said that as many as 50 percent of patients don’t take medicine as ________. A. described B.distinguished C. directed D. depended 13. Club members get a 15% __________, much lower than the regular price. A. discount B. discipline C.dignity D. drain 14. Compared to other applicants, your main _________ is lack of job experience. A.decade B. disadvantage C. document D. density 15. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the _________. A. distinction B. distraction C. deadline D.division 参考答案： 1~5 AADAB. 6~10 DBDAD. 11~15 BAAB C 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $