【暑假培优 ★ 新高二】第03讲：定语从句+题型综合练+高考词汇进阶（全国通用）-新高二英语提升拓展精品讲义

第03讲：定语从句+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：定语从句 考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句 考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句 考点三、非限制性定语从句 考点四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 题型综合练 语法填空 阅读理解说明文 高考核心词汇积累 C字母高考核心词汇 要点梳理 关系词总表（分为关系代词、关系副词） 类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中所作成分 可否省略 例句 关系代词 who 人 主语 不可以 The girl who helped me is my classmate. whom 人 宾语 可以 The man (whom) you met is my teacher. whose 人 / 物 定语（…… 的） 不可以 This is the boy whose father is a doctor. which 物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The book (which) I bought is interesting. that 人 + 物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The bike (that) he lost is old. as 人 / 物 主、宾 不可以 As we know, the earth is round. 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 可以 I remember the day when we met. where 地点名词 地点状语 可以 This is the school where I studied. why reason（原因） 原因状语 可以 Tell me the reason why you left. 课堂精讲 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 This factory that/which produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution. The little problems (that/which) we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 【小试牛刀】 1．The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all. (用适当的词填空) 2．This is the very museum we visited during our school trip last year. (用适当的词填空) 3．You may not control all the events happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. (用适当的词填空) 4．CISAR brings help and hope to those lives are changed by natural disasters. (用适当的词填空) 5．I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do. (用适当的词填空) 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 【小试牛刀】 1．There is usually a break between the second class and third class students can go out to relax themselves. (用适当的词填空) 2．The movie brings me the hours I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. (用适当的词填空) 3．Cafes often create a cozy atmosphere people can relax and connect with others. (用适当的词填空) 4．In a word, we have now reached a point we wish to enjoy and understand literature. (用适当的词填空) 5．And the main reason they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute. (用适当的词填空) 考点三 非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。) 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） 【小试牛刀】 1．After graduating from college, she took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. (用适当的词填空) 2．The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, exhibits attracted many visitors. (用适当的词填空) 3． is reported, the activity is very successful. (用适当的的词填空) 4．January 15 is around the corner, we will begin our happy winter holiday. (用适当的形式填空) 5．My brother works in Cafe Lavazza, top-quality Western food is served. (用适当的词填空) 考点四 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. 许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 【小试牛刀】 1．They consider summer vacations as a time / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. (用适当的词填空) 2．After two months in America, Tian Hua made some friends with she explored the city. (用适当的词填空) 3．Last week, I read a book from I knew how a person could make contribution to protecting the cultural heritage of his country. (用适当的词填空) 4．Scientists have come up with many theories about why humans cry, none of has been proved. (用适当的词填空) 5．I shared the news with my mom, from expression I knew she was shocked. (用适当的词填空) 课堂精练 1．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 2．Finally he reached an abandoned island, was completely cut off from the outside world. (用适当的词填空) 3．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 4．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of are his classmates. (用适当的词填空) 5．For instance, snacks, contain a lot of sugar will make you feel tired later on. (用适当的词填空) 6．She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before. (用适当的词填空) 7．There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of belong to one group. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．One of the reasons he was refused in the interview was that his spoken English was terrible. 9．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 10．Peter with sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming. (用适当的词填空) 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nowadays, numerous senior-two students 1 (trap) in intense academic pressure, and psychological anxiety has ranked among the most typical 2 (challenge) on high-school campuses. High academic goals and parents’ high expectations tend to make 3 (they) emotionally fragile and easily discouraged. A large number of teenagers lack effective strategies 4 (regulate) their negative moods when facing setbacks. When overwhelming stress strikes, some students tend to keep it to themselves, because they are afraid of being laughed at. In fact, burying negative feelings will only make mental tension worse. Communicating with reliable peers or professional advisors 5 (serve) as a practical approach to easing inner anxiety. Additionally, doing regular physical exercises can refresh your body 6 stabilize your nervous system. If you suffer from persistent stress, you are supposed to take 7 intentional break from tight study schedules. Immersing yourself in soft melodies will make you feel 8 (peaceful) than usual. Furthermore, cultivating a positive mindset is 9 vital significance. Those 10 master the art of emotional self-control are more likely to maintain mental well-being and achieve academic breakthroughs. Never give up, and you will gradually regain inner balance and confidence. 二、阅读理解 Hybrid vehicles, also known as hybrid electric cars (HECs), are automobiles powered by two or more energy sources. Compared with most ordinary cars on the present-day roads, they have several unique features. The biggest distinction is that HECs rely on both petrol and electricity for operation. A hybrid car is fitted with both a battery-driven motor and a petrol-fueled engine. Manufacturing a hybrid vehicle costs slightly more than a standard car, even with a smaller engine. The higher price results from the more complex engine structure. It has special mechanical parts that support its dual-power operation mode of petrol and electricity. Besides, it is equipped with a computer system different from that of traditional cars. Although it costs more to buy, it runs more cheaply than petrol-only vehicles. When a hybrid car stops at traffic lights or travels at a speed under 15 miles per hour, its special computer makes it run only on electric power. Once the computer detects the car needs extra power, it will restart the petrol engine. The computer keeps judging in real time whether the car should use electricity, petrol, or a mix of both. Since electric power assists its operation, a hybrid car consumes far less fuel than most vehicles. In fact, it is among the most fuel-efficient cars available now. On average, it can travel 50 to 60 miles per gallon of petrol. Such high fuel efficiency cuts drivers’ costs and helps save limited oil resources. Hybrid cars are also environmentally friendly in other ways. For instance, they produce no harmful polluting gases when running on electricity. Despite these differences from regular cars, hybrid vehicles deliver the same driving experience. They share the same control methods for acceleration and braking. However, HECs are generally smaller in size than petrol cars. Their streamlined, aerodynamic (空气动力学的) body improves fuel efficiency, yet it fails to increase the inner space of the car. 11．Which of the following best describes the features of a hybrid car? A．Safe and reliable. B．Costly but long-lasting. C．High purchase price, low pollution. D．Small engine with stronger power. 12．What controls the switch between petrol and electric power in a hybrid car? A．The engine. B．The battery. C．The driver. D．The computer. 13．What is the main purpose of inventing hybrid cars? A．To save energy resources. B．To upgrade driving services. C．To cut down purchase costs. D．To create a new driving experience. 14．What is the most likely source of this passage? A．A travel diary. B．A science magazine. C．health report. D．A car sales poster. 高考核心词汇 演练 高考高频词汇精选背诵（C字母） 1. calculate 2. calendar 3. candidate 4. clarify 5. ceremony 6. conservation 7. certificate 8. classify 9. combine 10. conquer 11. casual 12. chapter 13. commercial 14. companion 15. conduct 16. conflict 17. convey 18. content 19. crash 20. crew 21. confirm 22. confess 23. catalog(ue) 24. critical 25. claim 26. campaign 27. consume 28. cruise 29. canteen 30. contribution 31. costume 32. coincidence 33. collapse 34. compliment 35. compulsory 36. category 37. contemporary 38. curriculum 39. capacity 40. cultivate · 高考核心词汇练习 1. In order to guarantee the people’s health and reduce smoking, the government is starting an anti-smoking advertising __________. A. campaign B. capsule C.capture D. cartoon 2. You mustn’t carry too much ________ on you to the crowded public places. You can use your bankcard for buying things. A. cheque B. charge C.costume D. cash 3. Your fluency in the English language gives you an advantage over the other ____ for the job. A. captains B. carpenters C. carriers D. candidates 4. Alice ___ her father that both she and her husband would be happy if he would live with them. A. convinced B. conquered C. confirmed D. classified 5. The recent research shows heavy coffee drinking and heart attack are not necessarily ___ and effect． A．conflict B．confusion C．capacity D．cause 6. Nowadays people have to pass various tests for professional ________ so that they can be qualified for a well-paying job. A. claims B. celebrities C. certificates D. categories 7. Anyone who wants to be successful mustn’t give up in any ___________, and should always be full of confidence. A. contribution B. circumstance C. competition D. consequence 8. It can’t be a(n) __________that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A. coincidence B. accident C. incident D. conservation 9. He finished a tough task on his own shortly after he entered the company, so his ________ looked at him with new eyes. A. clerks B. civilians C. citizens D. colleagues 10. John was dismissed last week because of his __________ attitude towards his job. A. competitive B. casual C. classical D. comprehensive 11. I think it's high time you made up your mind to choose a(n) ________. A. construction B.caution C.crisis D. career 12. Jack has been admitted to Harvard University. His family will have a _______ tonight. A. anniversary B. celebration C. ceremony D. congratulation 13. Through which ______ did you get the information? A. canal B. channel C. condition D. circulation 14. The twins look alike but they are different in _________. A. characteristic B. complaint C. character D. compliment 15. Math is a _______ subject for both arts and science students. A. compulsory B. contemporary C. concrete D. considerate 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲：定语从句+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：定语从句 考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句 考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句 考点三、非限制性定语从句 考点四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 题型综合练 语法填空 阅读理解说明文 高考核心词汇积累 C字母高考核心词汇 要点梳理 关系词总表（分为关系代词、关系副词） 类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中所作成分 可否省略 例句 关系代词 who 人 主语 不可以 The girl who helped me is my classmate. whom 人 宾语 可以 The man (whom) you met is my teacher. whose 人 / 物 定语（…… 的） 不可以 This is the boy whose father is a doctor. which 物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The book (which) I bought is interesting. that 人 + 物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The bike (that) he lost is old. as 人 / 物 主、宾 不可以 As we know, the earth is round. 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 可以 I remember the day when we met. where 地点名词 地点状语 可以 This is the school where I studied. why reason（原因） 原因状语 可以 Tell me the reason why you left. 课堂精讲 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 This factory that/which produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution. The little problems (that/which) we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 【小试牛刀】 1．The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他在会上解释的理由一点也不合理。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，“The reason”是先行词，“he explained at the meeting” 是定语从句修饰先行词“reason”。在这个定语从句中，“explained”是及物动词，缺少宾语，而先行词“reason”指物，所以要用关系代词“which”或“that”来引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故填that/which。 2．This is the very museum we visited during our school trip last year. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们去年学校旅行时参观的那个博物馆。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是museum，指物，关系词在定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句；当先行词被the very修饰时，关系代词只能用that。故填that。 3．You may not control all the events happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你可能无法控制发生在你身上的所有事情，但你可以决定不被它们击垮。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为all the events，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用that引导，故填that。 4．CISAR brings help and hope to those lives are changed by natural disasters. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：CISAR为那些生活因自然灾害而改变的人们带来帮助和希望。空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。 5．I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我从来没有完成过像你要求我做的这样的任务。空格引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词task，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，前面有such修饰task，因此用关系代词as。故填as。 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 【小试牛刀】 1．There is usually a break between the second class and third class students can go out to relax themselves. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通常在二年级和三年级之间会有短暂的休息时间，学生们可以出去放松一下自己。定语从句修饰先行词break，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。 2．The movie brings me the hours I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影让我回想起小时候和朋友们在社区公园玩耍的时光，那时我们无忧无虑地笑着。分析句子结构可知，“_____ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park”为定语从句，修饰先行词“the hours”，先行词是一个表示时间的名词短语，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以应该用关系副词“when”来引导该定语从句。故填when。 3．Cafes often create a cozy atmosphere people can relax and connect with others. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：咖啡馆常常营造一种舒适的氛围，人们可以在其中放松并与他人交流。此处需要填入一个关系词来引导定语从句修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词为物，引导词在从句中作状语，应使用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故填where。 4．In a word, we have now reached a point we wish to enjoy and understand literature. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：总之，我们现在已经到了一个我们希望享受和理解文学的阶段。“we wish to enjoy and understand literature”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a point，这里的point意为“阶段、程度”，表示抽象的地点，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 5．And the main reason they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们如此兴奋的主要原因是熊猫实在是太可爱了。本空引导定语从句，先行词是the main reason，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导该定语从句。故填why。 考点三 非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。) 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） 【小试牛刀】 1．After graduating from college, she took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大学毕业后，她休了段时间的假去旅行了，结果证明这是一个明智的决定。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, exhibits attracted many visitors. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：梵高画展在上海举行，其展品吸引了许多参观者。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“The Van Gogh exhibition”，指物，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词“exhibits”，因此关系词应用“whose”，表示“……的”。故填whose。 3． is reported, the activity is very successful. (用适当的的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如所报道的，这次活动非常成功。表示“正如”用as，引导非限制性定语从句，as指代后文的整个句子，在从句中作主语。首字母大写。故填As。 4．January 15 is around the corner, we will begin our happy winter holiday. (用适当的形式填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1月15日即将到来，我们将开始我们快乐的寒假。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词January 15进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 5．My brother works in Cafe Lavazza, top-quality Western food is served. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我哥哥在Lavazza咖啡馆工作，那里供应优质的西餐。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cafe Lavazza，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。 考点四 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. 许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 【小试牛刀】 1．They consider summer vacations as a time / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 when in/during which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们认为暑假是一个放松和娱乐必不可少的时间。分析句子可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句。先行词是time，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when或介词in/during+ which，表示“在……期间”。故填when或in/during which。 2．After two months in America, Tian Hua made some friends with she explored the city. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在美国待了两个月后，Tian Hua交了一些朋友，她和他们一起游览了这座城市。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是friends，指人，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词whom，故填whom。 3．Last week, I read a book from I knew how a person could make contribution to protecting the cultural heritage of his country. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周，我读了一本书，从中我知道了一个人如何为保护他的国家的文化遗产做出贡献。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的限定性定语从句，先行词是book，指物，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．Scientists have come up with many theories about why humans cry, none of has been proved. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是many theories，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 5．I shared the news with my mom, from expression I knew she was shocked. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我和妈妈分享了这个消息，从她的表情我知道她很震惊。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句，先行词是my mom，关系词替代先行词在从句中作expression的定语，指“我妈妈的表情”，用关系代词whose。故填whose。 课堂精练 1．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的爷爷，像很多老人一样，喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分，关系代词as表示“正如，像”，放在主句主谓之间。故填as。 2．Finally he reached an abandoned island, was completely cut off from the outside world. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后他到达了一个与外界完全隔绝的废弃岛屿。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an abandoned island，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 3．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从。句意：1961 年联合国决定建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，应该用关系代词whose引导。故填 whose。 4．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of are his classmates. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：彼得邀请了30多人来参加他的生日聚会，其中大部分是他的同学。分析句子，设空处与前文of构成介词+关系代词的结构引导定语从句，引导词指代前文的30 people，为人。故填whom。 5．For instance, snacks, contain a lot of sugar will make you feel tired later on. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：例如，小吃，含有大量糖分，会让你日感到疲倦。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，因为先行词snacks“点心”为物，且在定语从句中作主语。故填which。 6．She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom　 【详解】考查“none of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：她带着她的三个朋友去参加聚会，这三个朋友我之前一个也没见过。设空处无提示词，逗号前面是一个完整的句子，且设空处前面是none of，故推测“none of+设空处”引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是her three friends，指人，且设空处在从句中作of的宾语，应用whom引导。故填whom。 7．There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of belong to one group. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：博物馆里有一百人，其中大约三分之一属于一个群体。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为one hundred people，在从句中作主语，且在介词of 后，所以应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 8．One of the reasons he was refused in the interview was that his spoken English was terrible. 【答案】why/for which。 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：他拒绝采访时说英语的原因之一就是他的口语不好。分析句子可知是定语复合句，先行词one of the reasons在从句中作原因状语，所以填why，又因为关系副词可以用介词+which结构替代，故填why/for which。 9．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 【答案】where / in which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：对我们老师来说，创造一个学生可以自由表达自己的氛围是一个很大的挑战。此处atmosphere是先行词，关系词替代先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，也用in which=where。故答案为where/in which。 10．Peter with sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大学里，我和彼得的姐姐共用一个房间，彼得精通计算机编程。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Peter，指人，在从句中作定语，修饰名词sister，和sister之间是所属关系，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nowadays, numerous senior-two students 1 (trap) in intense academic pressure, and psychological anxiety has ranked among the most typical 2 (challenge) on high-school campuses. High academic goals and parents’ high expectations tend to make 3 (they) emotionally fragile and easily discouraged. A large number of teenagers lack effective strategies 4 (regulate) their negative moods when facing setbacks. When overwhelming stress strikes, some students tend to keep it to themselves, because they are afraid of being laughed at. In fact, burying negative feelings will only make mental tension worse. Communicating with reliable peers or professional advisors 5 (serve) as a practical approach to easing inner anxiety. Additionally, doing regular physical exercises can refresh your body 6 stabilize your nervous system. If you suffer from persistent stress, you are supposed to take 7 intentional break from tight study schedules. Immersing yourself in soft melodies will make you feel 8 (peaceful) than usual. Furthermore, cultivating a positive mindset is 9 vital significance. Those 10 master the art of emotional self-control are more likely to maintain mental well-being and achieve academic breakthroughs. Never give up, and you will gradually regain inner balance and confidence. 【答案】 1．are trapped 2．challenges 3．them 4．to regulate 5．serves 6．and 7．an 8．more peaceful 9．of 10．who 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了高二学生普遍深陷学业与心理焦虑，文中给出倾诉、运动、听歌等调节方法，强调学会情绪自控利于身心健康与学业进步。 【详解】1．考查时态和语态。句意：如今，许多高二学生深陷巨大的学业压力之中，心理焦虑已成为高中校园中最常见的挑战之一。固定搭配be trapped in 表示“陷入……（困境）”；主语students为复数，结合句首Nowadays可知用一般现在时，因此填一般现在时的被动形式are trapped。 2．考查名词复数形式。句意：如今，许多高二学生深陷巨大的学业压力之中，心理焦虑已成为高中校园中最常见的挑战之一。among表示“在……之中”，后接可数名词复数，指 “众多典型挑战之一”；challenge为可数名词，故变为复数challenges。 3．考查代词。句意：高昂的学业目标和家长的过高期望往往使他们情绪脆弱，容易感到沮丧。空格处在动词make后作宾语，需用人称代词宾格形式；they的宾格为them，指代学生们。 4．考查动词不定式。句意：许多青少年在遭遇挫折时，缺乏有效调节负面情绪的方法。名词 strategies后常用不定式作后置定语，构成strategies to do sth“做某事的策略”。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：与值得信赖的同学或专业辅导员交流，是一种缓解内心焦虑的有效方式。句子主语是动名词短语 Communicating with...，动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；全文为一般现在时，故serve变为第三人称单数 serves。 6．考查连词。句意：此外，坚持规律的身体锻炼有助于焕发活力，稳定神经系统。空格前后的refresh your body和stabilize your nervous system是情态动词can后的两个并列动作，是顺承并列关系，因此用并列连词and。 7．考查冠词。句意：如果你长期承受压力，应当有意识地从紧张的学习计划中抽身休息。此处为固定搭配take a break意为“休息一下”；intentional以元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：沉浸在柔和的音乐中，会让你感觉比平时更加平静。空格后有比较级标志词than，表示“比平时更平静”，多音节形容词peaceful的比较级形式为more peaceful。 9．考查固定短语。句意：此外，培养积极的心态是至关重要的。be of + 抽象名词= be + 该名词对应的形容词，be of vital significance = be vitally significant，意为“至关重要的”，因此填介词of。 10．考查定语从句。句意：那些掌握情绪自我控制的人，更有可能保持心理健康并取得学业上的突破。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 Those（指代人），关系词在从句中作主语，当先行词为those且指人时，关系代词习惯用who。 二、阅读理解 Hybrid vehicles, also known as hybrid electric cars (HECs), are automobiles powered by two or more energy sources. Compared with most ordinary cars on the present-day roads, they have several unique features. The biggest distinction is that HECs rely on both petrol and electricity for operation. A hybrid car is fitted with both a battery-driven motor and a petrol-fueled engine. Manufacturing a hybrid vehicle costs slightly more than a standard car, even with a smaller engine. The higher price results from the more complex engine structure. It has special mechanical parts that support its dual-power operation mode of petrol and electricity. Besides, it is equipped with a computer system different from that of traditional cars. Although it costs more to buy, it runs more cheaply than petrol-only vehicles. When a hybrid car stops at traffic lights or travels at a speed under 15 miles per hour, its special computer makes it run only on electric power. Once the computer detects the car needs extra power, it will restart the petrol engine. The computer keeps judging in real time whether the car should use electricity, petrol, or a mix of both. Since electric power assists its operation, a hybrid car consumes far less fuel than most vehicles. In fact, it is among the most fuel-efficient cars available now. On average, it can travel 50 to 60 miles per gallon of petrol. Such high fuel efficiency cuts drivers’ costs and helps save limited oil resources. Hybrid cars are also environmentally friendly in other ways. For instance, they produce no harmful polluting gases when running on electricity. Despite these differences from regular cars, hybrid vehicles deliver the same driving experience. They share the same control methods for acceleration and braking. However, HECs are generally smaller in size than petrol cars. Their streamlined, aerodynamic (空气动力学的) body improves fuel efficiency, yet it fails to increase the inner space of the car. 11．Which of the following best describes the features of a hybrid car? A．Safe and reliable. B．Costly but long-lasting. C．High purchase price, low pollution. D．Small engine with stronger power. 12．What controls the switch between petrol and electric power in a hybrid car? A．The engine. B．The battery. C．The driver. D．The computer. 13．What is the main purpose of inventing hybrid cars? A．To save energy resources. B．To upgrade driving services. C．To cut down purchase costs. D．To create a new driving experience. 14．What is the most likely source of this passage? A．A travel diary. B．A science magazine. C．health report. D．A car sales poster. 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 【导语】文章主要介绍混合动力汽车，讲解其双能源驱动构造、高低购车成本与低油耗低污染的特点、动力切换工作原理、节能环保优势以及车身空间方面的不足。 【详解】11．推理判断题。根据第二段“Manufacturing a hybrid vehicle costs slightly more than a standard car, even with a smaller engine.(制造一辆混合动力汽车的成本比普通汽车略高，即便它搭载了更小的发动机。)”以及第三段“For instance, they produce no harmful polluting gases when running on electricity.(例如，当依靠电力行驶时，它们不会产生有害污染气体。)”可知，混合动力汽车购车价格高，但污染更少。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The computer keeps judging in real time whether the car should use electricity, petrol, or a mix of both.(电脑会实时判断车辆应当使用电力、汽油，还是两者混用。)”可知，电脑控制汽油与电力之间的切换。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Such high fuel efficiency cuts drivers’ costs and helps save limited oil resources.(如此高的燃油效率降低了驾驶者的开销，同时有助于节约有限的石油资源。)”可知，研发混合动力汽车的主要目的是节约能源资源。 14．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“The higher price results from the more complex engine structure. It has special mechanical parts that support its dual-power operation mode of petrol and electricity. Besides, it is equipped with a computer system different from that of traditional cars.(更高的售价源于更为复杂的发动机结构。该车配备特殊机械部件，用以支撑汽油与电力双动力运行模式。此外，它搭载了一套与传统汽车截然不同的计算机控制系统。)”等内容可知，全文客观科普混合动力汽车的构造、工作原理、优缺点等专业知识，结合文章科普客观的行文风格，可知本文最有可能出自一本科普杂志。 高考核心词汇 演练 高考高频词汇精选背诵（C字母） 1. calculate 2. calendar 3. candidate 4. clarify 5. ceremony 6. conservation 7. certificate 8. classify 9. combine 10. conquer 11. casual 12. chapter 13. commercial 14. companion 15. conduct 16. conflict 17. convey 18. content 19. crash 20. crew 21. confirm 22. confess 23. catalog(ue) 24. critical 25. claim 26. campaign 27. consume 28. cruise 29. canteen 30. contribution 31. costume 32. coincidence 33. collapse 34. compliment 35. compulsory 36. category 37. contemporary 38. curriculum 39. capacity 40. cultivate · 高考核心词汇练习 1. In order to guarantee the people’s health and reduce smoking, the government is starting an anti-smoking advertising __________. A. campaign B. capsule C.capture D. cartoon 2. You mustn’t carry too much ________ on you to the crowded public places. You can use your bankcard for buying things. A. cheque B. charge C.costume D. cash 3. Your fluency in the English language gives you an advantage over the other ____ for the job. A. captains B. carpenters C. carriers D. candidates 4. Alice ___ her father that both she and her husband would be happy if he would live with them. A. convinced B. conquered C. confirmed D. classified 5. The recent research shows heavy coffee drinking and heart attack are not necessarily ___ and effect． A．conflict B．confusion C．capacity D．cause 6. Nowadays people have to pass various tests for professional ________ so that they can be qualified for a well-paying job. A. claims B. celebrities C. certificates D. categories 7. Anyone who wants to be successful mustn’t give up in any ___________, and should always be full of confidence. A. contribution B. circumstance C. competition D. consequence 8. It can’t be a(n) __________that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A. coincidence B. accident C. incident D. conservation 9. He finished a tough task on his own shortly after he entered the company, so his ________ looked at him with new eyes. A. clerks B. civilians C. citizens D. colleagues 10. John was dismissed last week because of his __________ attitude towards his job. A. competitive B. casual C. classical D. comprehensive 11. I think it's high time you made up your mind to choose a(n) ________. A. construction B.caution C.crisis D. career 12. Jack has been admitted to Harvard University. His family will have a _______ tonight. A. anniversary B. celebration C. ceremony D. congratulation 13. Through which ______ did you get the information? A. canal B. channel C. condition D. circulation 14. The twins look alike but they are different in _________. A. characteristic B. complaint C. character D. compliment 15. Math is a _______ subject for both arts and science students. A. compulsory B. contemporary C. concrete D. considerate 参考答案： 1~5 ADDAD．6~10 CBADB. 11~15 DBBCA 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $