【暑假培优 ★ 新高二】第02讲：非谓语动词+题型综合练+高考词汇进阶（全国通用）-新高二英语提升拓展精品讲义

第02讲：非谓语动词+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：非谓语动词 考点一、动词不定式用法 考点二、动名词用法 考点三、现在分词用法 考点四、过去分词用法 题型综合练 语法填空 阅读理解应用文 高考核心词汇积累 B字母高考核心词汇 要点梳理 非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 to do to be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 to be doing / 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 课堂精讲 考点一 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 一、动名词和不定式作主语 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是： 表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式； 表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。 ▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象) ▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) 注意： ①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如： ▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. ②常用动名词作主语的句型： ▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 二、动名词和不定式作宾语 1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose， plan; agree，ask/beg，help。 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 ☞She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。 2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：  避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，  喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，  逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。   avoid, miss, delay,  suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy,  escape, risk, pardon,  stand, keep, mind ☞I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。 3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 ①forget to do sth.　　忘记要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing sth.　　忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) remember to do sth.　　记得去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.　　记得做过某事(已做) ②stop to do　　停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing　　停止正在或经常做的事 go on to do　　继续(去做另外一件事情) go on doing　　继续(原先没有做完的事情) ③regret to do sth.　　对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事) regret doing sth.　　对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事) ④try to do　　努力、企图做 try doing　　试验、试一试某种办法 ⑤mean to do　　(人)打算，有意要…… mean doing　　(物)意味着 ⑥can't help (to) do sth.　　不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.　　情不自禁做某事 三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语 作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done，doing) ■ 不定式作表语 ①Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。 ②The most important thing is to put theory into practice.最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。 ③Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。 总结： 不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容，如①；表示将来的动作，如②；表示目的，如③。因此，在表示＂目的，愿望，梦想，需求＂等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式. ■ 动名词作表语 ①My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) ②Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 总结： 动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示＂身份，职业＂等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如①。此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如②。例②还可以说成： To see is to believe. 试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语; 表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式. ☞Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子. ☞Our task now is to develop our economy.我们的任务是发展经济。 ■ 分词作表语 首先做一些练习 ①The situation is____(encourage). ②The door remained____(lock)when he came again. 【答案】①encouraging ②locked 总结： surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage， inspire，shock，move等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被动关系，用-done这种形式，表示主语的状态。 ☞The news astonished us. 这句话就表明了the news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子： ☞The news was astonishing. ☞We were astonished(by the news) 【小试牛刀】 1．The best way to do business is (build) the trust between you and your client. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．It is no use (complain) the bad weather, so we had better figure out a good idea to get there on time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3． (wear) rings in the nose might not be accepted by some cultures. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9． (equip) with strong communication skills is essential for a successful career in sales. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．I objected to (hire) the man because he lacked abundant experience. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点二 非谓语动词作定语 不定式作定语；　　 -ing分词作定语；　　 -ed分词作定语。 1．不定式作定语　　　 ① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。　　　　 ☞She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.　　　 ② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.　 ☞Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.　　　　　 ☞We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)　 ③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。　　　　 ☞I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)　　　　　　　 ☞Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything) ☞Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.　　　　　　　 在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较： There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.) There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)　　 2．-ing分词作定语　　　 ① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。　　　　 a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )　　　　 a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )　　　　　　　 the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )　　　　　　　 The girl singing is my classmate.　　　 ② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。　　　　 ☞Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?　　　　　　　 ☞Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?　　　　　　　 ☞The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 　　　　 比较： 【误】He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 　　　　　　　 【正】He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 　　 3．-ed分词作定语 　　　 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。 　　 a developed/developing country 　　　　　 He is a student loved by all the teachers. 　　　　　 The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 　 【小试牛刀】 1．Routine activities like cleaning the room are good ways (keep) people active on a regular basis. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．I would be grateful if you could offer me the opportunity (be) a volunteer. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．A robot pet is a wonderful pet, (program) to learn new tasks and meet our various needs. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．There was a problem with the (park) place for bikes in our school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．All the trees (surround) our classrooms date back to fifty years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．I’m talking about the girl (dress) in a red skirt as a princess. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点三 非谓语动词作补语 1. 带to的不定式（ to do ） 作宾补的动词 常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。 ☞ The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 ☞ She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 ☞ The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。 2. 常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词： 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe 半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth. 表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。 ☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 ☞To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。 ☞The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。 3. V-ing形式作宾补 V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。 ☞I hear someone knocking at the door. ☞I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time. 4. V-ed形式作宾补 着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。 ☞He saw the thief caught by the police. ☞I’m going to have my hair cut. 【小试牛刀】 1．I cannot expect you (believe) me any more than the fishermen did. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Netizens were reminded not (share) personal passwords online during the cybersecurity workshop. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Lost in thought, I found myself (walk) in the wrong direction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Remember to have the electric car (charge) at night so that we can use it for the long journey tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．I was very upset to find my application (reject) by the company that I am fond of.（所给词的适当形式填空） 考点四 非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 ☞To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 (2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 ☞We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)作原因状语 ①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud， disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。 ☞We’re proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。 ②在＂主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do＂结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容 词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ☞The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等) (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 ☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 (2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 ☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading. 擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。 (3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 ☞Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。 (4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 ☞Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 (5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 ☞Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。 【小试牛刀】 1． (consider) a good teacher, he enjoys great respect from his students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．They danced wildly down the street, (abandon) themselves to the night and the moon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3． (complete) all the preparations for a week, the research team was ready to start the experiment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4． (devote) yourself to your study, you will surely have a good academic performance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5． (avoid) being infected with the virus, you bad better wear masks when going out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 课堂精练 一、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．Applicants need to send a video (contain) their best performance. 2． (see) from the top of the hill, the city appears more splendid. 3．The desire (explore) the universe never died. 4．He was selected (attend) pilot training. 5．You would have to wait a long time to get (pay). 6．Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and (empathy) with them. 7． (acquire) the advanced technology, the engineers make full use of every chance available. 8．I’m writing with the of recommending some interesting books for children to you. (intend) 9．The last person (reach) the finishing line will also be awarded the prize. 10．Looking out over the sea, she saw a strange object (float) in the water. 11．You are lucky enough to escape (kill) in the accident. 12．Aid should be given to developing countries with no strings (attach). 13．Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people (trap) inside. 14．Alexander tried to get his work (recognise) in the medical circles. 15．Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as (expect). 16．But in the morning, my friend posted a message on social media, (say) she had a cold. 17．I’m writing to aim (apply) for the chance to become a volunteer. 18． (absorb) in writing her composition in the study, she didn’t hear the phone ring. 19．With the final exam (approach), some students are getting more and more nervous. 20．When the writer looked up, he suddenly found himself (surround) by a group of teenagers. 21．The research on Mars involves examining pictures (take) by special cameras. 22．Preparing different kinds of food to satisfy guests’ tastes usually (require) a lot of time. 23．Yesterday, the next-door neighbor told me that my yard looked terrible, so I must remember (cut) the grass tomorrow. 24．The young man sat on the beach in the sun, (drink) an ice-cold cola. 25．Their study claims that individuals with a reputation for generosity turn out (be) the most valued members of their group. 26． (accuse) of giving away the secret of the company, the secretary had to resign. 27．What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity (socialize) with friends since a meal can last for hours. 28．Comfort foods vary from person to person, (depend) on our own unique experiences. 29．Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar, (cook) low and slow. 30．The campaign, (launch) on weibo, is soon joined by millions of netizens across China. 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 Luoyang is an ancient city in central China’s Henan Province with a long history. It 1 (link) closely to the peony (牡丹) for over a thousand years. This deep-rooted connection has made it a renowned center for this beautiful flower. Among many places 2 (admire) this beloved flower, the National Peony Garden stands out as the hottest destination. As the only flower garden in China given official national status, it serves as a vital gene bank for peonies, preserving their rich diversity. 3 (divide) into northern and southern sections, the garden is home 4 hundreds of thousands of peony plants. These include both native Chinese 5 (variety) and rare imports from Japan, the United States, and France. Renowned for their beautiful petals, striking colors, and fascinating smell, the peonies here offer a truly 6 (impress) sight. In an ongoing effort to innovate, the garden grafted (嫁接) 300 mature peony plants last year, 7 (create) breathtaking “mosaic peonies” with multi-colored blooms to further enrich the visual experience. Beyond the flower displays, the garden offers 8 harmonious mixture of natural beauty and cultural heritage. 9 (skilful) carved stone galleries relate the history and symbolism of the peony, 10 deepens the cultural significance of the site. More than just a botanical haven, the National Peony Garden is a living testament to the enduring legacy of Luoyang’s flower heritage. 二、阅读理解 Four Interesting Festivals in 2026 The following events happening in 2026 will make you want to pack your bags and join the fun. Holi Festival Holi turns cities into a sea of rainbow colors. People throw handfuls of colored powder at friends, family, and total strangers, while music, dancing, and laughter fill the streets. The festival celebrates the arrival of spring and the success. It happens on March 3, 2026. Wear white clothes if you don’t mind getting dirty, and prepare to be covered head-to-toe in every color imaginable. Wife-Carrying World Championship Competitors race through a difficult course while carrying their wife. The course includes water hazards (障碍), and sand traps that test strength, speed, and teamwork. Winners receive their wife’s weight in beer. It happens on July 3 and 4, 2026. Despite the traditional name, any couple can compete, and the event attracts teams from around the world eager to prove their carrying skills and sense of humor. Monkey Buffet Festival Tables piled high with fruit, vegetables, and snacks are laid out for Lopburi’s famous monkeys in a yearly feast that is both generous and makes for great photos. Hundreds of monkeys rush to the spread, creating a wild feeding competition that delights photographers and tourists. Typically held in late November, the 2026 event doesn’t have fixed dates yet. Night of the Radishes (萝卜) Artists in Oaxaca spend hours carving oversized radishes into well-designed historical figures, and imaginary creatures, knowing their creations will dry out within a day. The time pressure makes the festival feel magical and short-lived, which is a special experience. It happens on December 23, 2026. It’s held yearly on the same date. Arrive early for the best views, because the detailed carvings are amazing but only last for a short time. 11．Which event requires both physical effort and teamwork? A．Holi Festival. B．Night of the Radishes. C．Monkey Buffet Festival. D．Wife-Carrying World Championship. 12．What can be inferred about the Monkey Buffet Festival? A．It follows a fixed schedule. B．Monkeys eat politely together. C．Its 2026 date remains uncertain. D．Tourists feed monkeys personally. 13．What makes the Night of the Radishes special? A．Artists use special tools. B．The art disappears quickly. C．It happens before Christmas. D．Carvings are sold for money. 高考核心词汇 演练 高考高频词汇精选背诵（B字母） 1. barrier 2. boycott 3. barren 4. bachelor  5. breeze 6. brake 7. bleed 8. baggage 9. bald 10. breed 11. badge 12. bandage 13. botanist 14. bribe 15. bare 16. bounce 17. batch 18. brigade 19. bargain 20. barber 21. bewilder 22. brief 23. browse 24. basis 25. blink 26. brilliant 27. bullet 28. brand 29. boast 30. budget 31. bunch 32. blunt 33. bilingual 34. bump 35. bulletin 36. brochure  37. boom 38. bully 39. bless 40. bias · 高考核心词汇练习 1. With the development of West China, many technicians are ___ needed there in recent years. A. approximately B. barely C. badly D. hardly 2. In order to save every cent of the limited family’s expense, she had to ________ with the shop owner. A. calculate B. balance C. bargain D. argue 3. Poor health and lack of money may both be ________ to educational progress. A. bars B. bans C. bachelors D. barriers 4. It is obvious that there is no scientific ________ for the belief that there is a connection between luck and numbers. A. battery B. basement C. basis D. burden 5. I am writing _________ my mother to express her thanks for your timely help and kindness. A. on behalf of B. on account of C. in honor of D. on the basis of 6. The virtue of a man ought to be measured by his everyday ___________. A. behalf B. behaviour C. beverage D.boundary 7. Cycling is highly ________ to people ’ s health and the environment. A. basic B. beneficial C. brighten D. brief 8. A clean environment can help the city _______ for the Olympics, which in turn will promote its economic development. A. bleed B. bless C. bid D. boast 9. Peter’s sudden death was a great________ to Mary and it took her quite a while to get over the grief. A. budget B. blame C. block D. blow 10. He telephoned the travel agency to ___________ three air tickets to London. A.boom B. bribe C. brand D. book 11. She started at the _______ and worked her way up to become manager of the company. A. breed B. basin C. branch D. bottom 12. I’m very sorry to have________ you with so many questions on such an occasion. A. bothered B. bumped C. browsed D. begged 13. At that time, my mind was completely ________; I couldn't think of a single answer. A. blank B. brilliant C. blunt D. bald 14. The old man is used to sleeping without a pillow in order to keep his back from ________. A. bowing B. bending C. braking D. bouncing 15. After a long debate the_______was passed and it will become law next month. A. band B. booklet C. bill D. brigade 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲：非谓语动词+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：非谓语动词 考点一、动词不定式用法 考点二、动名词用法 考点三、现在分词用法 考点四、过去分词用法 题型综合练 语法填空 阅读理解应用文 高考核心词汇积累 B字母高考核心词汇 要点梳理 非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 to do to be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 to be doing / 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 课堂精讲 考点一 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 一、动名词和不定式作主语 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是： 表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式； 表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。 ▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象) ▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) 注意： ①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如： ▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. ②常用动名词作主语的句型： ▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 二、动名词和不定式作宾语 1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose， plan; agree，ask/beg，help。 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 ☞She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。 2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：  避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，  喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，  逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。   avoid, miss, delay,  suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy,  escape, risk, pardon,  stand, keep, mind ☞I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。 3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 ①forget to do sth.　　忘记要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing sth.　　忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) remember to do sth.　　记得去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.　　记得做过某事(已做) ②stop to do　　停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing　　停止正在或经常做的事 go on to do　　继续(去做另外一件事情) go on doing　　继续(原先没有做完的事情) ③regret to do sth.　　对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事) regret doing sth.　　对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事) ④try to do　　努力、企图做 try doing　　试验、试一试某种办法 ⑤mean to do　　(人)打算，有意要…… mean doing　　(物)意味着 ⑥can't help (to) do sth.　　不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.　　情不自禁做某事 三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语 作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done，doing) ■ 不定式作表语 ①Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。 ②The most important thing is to put theory into practice.最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。 ③Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。 总结： 不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容，如①；表示将来的动作，如②；表示目的，如③。因此，在表示＂目的，愿望，梦想，需求＂等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式. ■ 动名词作表语 ①My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) ②Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 总结： 动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示＂身份，职业＂等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如①。此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如②。例②还可以说成： To see is to believe. 试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语; 表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式. ☞Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子. ☞Our task now is to develop our economy.我们的任务是发展经济。 ■ 分词作表语 首先做一些练习 ①The situation is____(encourage). ②The door remained____(lock)when he came again. 【答案】①encouraging ②locked 总结： surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage， inspire，shock，move等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被动关系，用-done这种形式，表示主语的状态。 ☞The news astonished us. 这句话就表明了the news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子： ☞The news was astonishing. ☞We were astonished(by the news) 【小试牛刀】 1．The best way to do business is (build) the trust between you and your client. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to build 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：做生意的最好方法是在你和你的客户之间建立信任。is 是句子的谓语动词，“________ (build) the trust between you and your client” 是表语，此处用“to do”不定式作表语，用来表示具体的的动作。故填to build。 2．It is no use (complain) the bad weather, so we had better figure out a good idea to get there on time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】complaining 【详解】考查动名词。句意：抱怨天气不好是没有用的，所以我们最好想个办法准时到达那里。“It is no use doing sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是没有用的”，It作形式主语，动名词短语作真正主语，所以此处应填complain的动名词形式complaining。故填complaining。 3． (wear) rings in the nose might not be accepted by some cultures. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Wearing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在鼻子上戴鼻环可能不被某些文化所接受。空处强调习惯性、抽象的动作，用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Wearing。 9． (equip) with strong communication skills is essential for a successful career in sales. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：具备强大的沟通技巧对成功的销售职业至关重要。equip与逻辑主语（隐含的“人”）之间是被动关系，且强调状态，应用be equipped with表示“具备”，句中缺少主语，空处需用动名词形式作主语，故用其动名词形式being equipped作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Being equipped。 10．I objected to (hire) the man because he lacked abundant experience. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】hiring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我拒绝雇用这个人，是因为他缺乏丰富的经验。短语object to doing sth.表示“反对做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填hiring。 考点二 非谓语动词作定语 不定式作定语；　　 -ing分词作定语；　　 -ed分词作定语。 1．不定式作定语　　　 ① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。　　　　 ☞She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.　　　 ② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.　 ☞Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.　　　　　 ☞We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)　 ③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。　　　　 ☞I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)　　　　　　　 ☞Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything) ☞Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.　　　　　　　 在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较： There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.) There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)　　 2．-ing分词作定语　　　 ① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。　　　　 a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )　　　　 a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )　　　　　　　 the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )　　　　　　　 The girl singing is my classmate.　　　 ② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。　　　　 ☞Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?　　　　　　　 ☞Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?　　　　　　　 ☞The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 　　　　 比较： 【误】He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 　　　　　　　 【正】He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 　　 3．-ed分词作定语 　　　 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。 　　 a developed/developing country 　　　　　 He is a student loved by all the teachers. 　　　　　 The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 　 【小试牛刀】 1．Routine activities like cleaning the room are good ways (keep) people active on a regular basis. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to keep 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：像打扫房间这样的日常活动是保持人们定期活跃的好方法。名词way“方式，方法”后常跟动词不定式作后置定语，表示“……的方式，……的方法”，因此空处应用keep的不定式形式。故填to keep。 12．I would be grateful if you could offer me the opportunity (be) a volunteer. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果您能给我这个成为志愿者的机会，我将不胜感激。空格处作后置定语修饰名词the opportunity，表示“……的机会”，需用不定式结构作后置定语。故填to be。 3．A robot pet is a wonderful pet, (program) to learn new tasks and meet our various needs. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】programmed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：机器人宠物是一种很棒的宠物，被编程学习新任务，并满足我们的各种需求。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作A robot pet的后置定语，program“编写程序，设计程序”和A robot pet逻辑上是被动关系，因此用program的过去分词形式。故填programmed。 4．There was a problem with the (park) place for bikes in our school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】parking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们学校的自行车停放处有问题。此处表示“停车的地方”，应用动名词 parking 作定语修饰 place，故填 parking。 5．All the trees (surround) our classrooms date back to fifty years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环绕我们教室的所有树木都可以追溯到五十年前。句子的谓语动词是“date back to”，空格处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰主语“All the trees”，surround表示“环绕”，与其逻辑主语All the trees之间为主动关系，因此用现在分词形式surrounding。故填surrounding。 6．I’m talking about the girl (dress) in a red skirt as a princess. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我说的是那个穿红裙子扮成公主的女孩。句子已有谓语动词am talking，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词the girl，dress和the girl为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填dressed。 考点三 非谓语动词作补语 1. 带to的不定式（ to do ） 作宾补的动词 常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。 ☞ The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 ☞ She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 ☞ The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。 2. 常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词： 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe 半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth. 表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。 ☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 ☞To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。 ☞The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。 3. V-ing形式作宾补 V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。 ☞I hear someone knocking at the door. ☞I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time. 4. V-ed形式作宾补 着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。 ☞He saw the thief caught by the police. ☞I’m going to have my hair cut. 【小试牛刀】 1．I cannot expect you (believe) me any more than the fishermen did. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to believe 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不能指望你会比那些渔民更相信我。固定搭配expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事”，动词不定式，作宾补。故填to believe。 2．Netizens were reminded not (share) personal passwords online during the cybersecurity workshop. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to share 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在网络安全研讨会上，网民们被提醒不要在网上分享个人密码。此处为“remind sb. not to do sth.”意为“提醒某人不要做某事”的被动形式sb. be reminded not to do sth.，所以此处使用动词不定式形式作主语补足语，表示“某人被提醒不要做某事”符合句意。故填to share。 3．Lost in thought, I found myself (walk) in the wrong direction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】walking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我陷入沉思，发现自己走错了方向。此处walk与myself构成主动且进行的关系，用现在分词作宾补。故填walking。 4．Remember to have the electric car (charge) at night so that we can use it for the long journey tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】charged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：记得晚上给电动汽车充电，这样我们明天长途旅行就能用得上它。the electric car与charge为被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。故填charged。 5．I was very upset to find my application (reject) by the company that I am fond of.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】rejected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很沮丧地发现我的申请被我喜欢的公司拒绝了。分析句子可知，“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”是一个常见结构。my application与reject为被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。故填rejected。 考点四 非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 ☞To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 (2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 ☞We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)作原因状语 ①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud， disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。 ☞We’re proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。 ②在＂主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do＂结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容 词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ☞The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等) (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 ☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 (2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 ☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading. 擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。 (3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 ☞Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。 (4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 ☞Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 (5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 ☞Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。 【小试牛刀】 1． (consider) a good teacher, he enjoys great respect from his students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Considered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被认为是一位好老师，他深受学生们的尊敬。“(consider) a good teacher”作原因状语，consider(认为)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Considered。 2．They danced wildly down the street, (abandon) themselves to the night and the moon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】abandoning 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：他们在街道上尽情狂舞，沉醉于这夜色与月光之中。句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，They与abandon为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填abandoning。 3． (complete) all the preparations for a week, the research team was ready to start the experiment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经完成了一周的所有准备工作，研究小组准备开始实验。句子中已有谓语动词was ready to start，空处应为非谓语动词作状语，且complete和其逻辑主语the research team之间是主动关系，结合时间状语for a week可知，应用现在分词的完成式having done，having位于句首，首字母大写。故填Having completed。 4． (devote) yourself to your study, you will surely have a good academic performance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Devoting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你全身心投入学习，你肯定会有良好的学业表现。“_____ yourself to your study”作条件状语，devote (致力于，全身心投入)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“you”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Devoting。 5． (avoid) being infected with the virus, you bad better wear masks when going out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To avoid 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：为了避免感染病毒，你外出时最好戴口罩。此空考查非谓语，由语境可知，应用不定式to avoid表示“为了避免”，强调目的，且句首时首字母应大写。故填To avoid。 课堂精练 一、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．Applicants need to send a video (contain) their best performance. 【答案】containing 【详解】考查现在分词作定语。句意：申请人需要发送一份包含自己最佳表现的视频。空处及之后的内容在句中为定语，修饰名词video，名词video与动词contain为主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词containing，故填containing。 2． (see) from the top of the hill, the city appears more splendid. 【答案】Seen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山顶上看，这座城市显得更加辉煌。句中有谓语appears，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词see和其逻辑主语the city是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Seen。 3．The desire (explore) the universe never died. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：探索宇宙的愿望从未停止。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词。空处需要动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的抽象名词the desire。故填to explore。 4．He was selected (attend) pilot training. 【答案】to attend 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他被选去参加飞行员训练。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be selected to do sth.“被选中做某事”，该空用不定式形式。故填to attend。 5．You would have to wait a long time to get (pay). 【答案】paid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你要等很长时间才能拿到工资。分析句子结构，空处和前面的to get一起构成不定式结构，pay和逻辑主语You之间是动宾关系，且空前的get为系动词，所以空处应用过去分词，表示被动。故填paid。 6．Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and (empathy) with them. 【答案】empathize 【详解】考查动词和动词不定式。句意：只有当你认真考虑他们的观点时，你才能看到他们情绪的原因，并与他们产生共鸣。be able to do意为“能够做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用to do不定式。根据“with them”可知，此处是指与他们产生共鸣，所以应用动词empathize表示“有同感，起共鸣”。故填empathize。 7． (acquire) the advanced technology, the engineers make full use of every chance available. 【答案】Having acquired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：掌握了先进技术后，工程师们充分利用了一切可能的机会。动词acquire和逻辑主语engineers之间是主谓关系，且acquire表示的动作发生在谓语make full use of之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语，句首单词的首字母要大写，故填Having acquired。 8．I’m writing with the of recommending some interesting books for children to you. (intend) 【答案】 intention intended 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：我写信的目的是想向你推荐一些有趣的为儿童写的书籍。分析句子可知，第一空前有the，空处作with的宾语，intend的名词形式intention符合题意，意为“目的，意图”，且此处特指推荐书籍这一目的，应用单数形式；第二空作books的后置定语，是非谓语动词，intend和books逻辑上是被动关系，应用intend的过去分词形式intended。故填①intention②intended。 9．The last person (reach) the finishing line will also be awarded the prize. 【答案】to reach 【详解】考查不定式。句意：最后到达终点的人也将获得奖品。名词person由the last修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to reach。 10．Looking out over the sea, she saw a strange object (float) in the water. 【答案】floating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她向大海望去，看见一个奇怪的东西正漂在水面上。根据“saw a strange object”可知，空处作宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“正漂在水面上”，强调动作正在进行，应用float的现在分词形式floating，构成固定短语see sth. doing sth.，意为“看见某物正在做某物”。故填floating。 11．You are lucky enough to escape (kill) in the accident. 【答案】being killed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你真幸运，在事故中幸免于难。此处为短语escape doing sth.，且you与kill为被动关系，应用being done形式。故填being killed。 12．Aid should be given to developing countries with no strings (attach). 【答案】attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对发展中国家的援助不应附加任何条件。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词attach和被修饰的名词no strings是逻辑上的动宾关系，动词要用过去分词形式，表示被动，作补语。故填attached。 13．Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people (trap) inside. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：消防队员不得不破门而入，才能救出被困在里面的人。分析句子，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处people与trap之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填trapped。 14．Alexander tried to get his work (recognise) in the medical circles. 【答案】recognised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：亚历山大试图使他的工作得到医学界的认可。此处为get+宾语+宾补结构，recognize与work构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填recognized。 15．Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as (expect). 【答案】expected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工程师们注意到管道并没有像预期的那样膨胀。分析句子结构和意思可知，非谓语动词expect和名词pipes是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，as expected (正如预期的那样)。故填expected。 16．But in the morning, my friend posted a message on social media, (say) she had a cold. 【答案】saying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上发了一条消息，说她感冒了。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词是posted，此处应为非谓语动词，say与逻辑主语a message之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填saying。 17．I’m writing to aim (apply) for the chance to become a volunteer. 【答案】to apply 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我写信的目的是申请成为一名志愿者的机会。aim to do sth. (旨在做某事)，该空用不定式作宾语。 故填to apply。 18． (absorb) in writing her composition in the study, she didn’t hear the phone ring. 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专心于在书房里写作文，她没有听到电话铃声。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词didn’t hear，空处作非谓语动词，be absorbed in doing sth.为固定短语，表示“专心于做某事”，作状语时去掉be动词，使用过去分词形式作状语即可，absorbed置于句首，首字母大写。故填Absorbed。 19．With the final exam (approach), some students are getting more and more nervous. 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着期末考试的临近，一些学生变得越来越紧张。分析句子可知，此处用了with的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，approach“靠近，临近”和the final exam逻辑上是主动关系，应用approach的现在分词形式approaching。故填approaching。 20．When the writer looked up, he suddenly found himself (surround) by a group of teenagers. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当作家抬起头时，他突然发现自己被一群青少年包围了。根据句中谓语动词“found”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，与“himself”形成被动关系，作宾补，表示“被包围了”，故应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填surrounded。 21．The research on Mars involves examining pictures (take) by special cameras. 【答案】taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对火星的研究包括检查由特殊相机拍摄的照片。分析句子，句中involves为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处pictures与take之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填taken。 22．Preparing different kinds of food to satisfy guests’ tastes usually (require) a lot of time. 【答案】requires 【详解】考查动词。句意：准备不同种类的食物来满足客人的口味通常需要很多时间。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子的主语为动名词preparing different kinds of food为单数。故填requires。 23．Yesterday, the next-door neighbor told me that my yard looked terrible, so I must remember (cut) the grass tomorrow. 【答案】to cut 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：昨天，隔壁的邻居告诉我，我的院子看起来很糟糕，所以我明天必须记得割草。结合空后的“tomorrow”可知，此处指记得明天要去割草，事情还未做，故用remember to do sth，故填to cut。 24．The young man sat on the beach in the sun, (drink) an ice-cold cola. 【答案】drinking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个年轻人坐在沙滩上晒太阳，喝着冰可乐。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语The young man与drink之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。根据句意，故填drinking。 25．Their study claims that individuals with a reputation for generosity turn out (be) the most valued members of their group. 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的研究称，以慷慨著称的人往往是他们群体中最有价值的成员。句中turn out为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。turn out to be为固定短语，意为“结果是”。故填to be。 26． (accuse) of giving away the secret of the company, the secretary had to resign. 【答案】Accused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：秘书被指控泄露公司秘密，不得不辞职。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作状语。该动词和主语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Accused。 27．What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity (socialize) with friends since a meal can last for hours. 【答案】to socialize 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我最喜欢四川火锅的地方是，它提供了一个与朋友社交的好机会，因为一顿饭可以吃上几个小时。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配an opportunity to do sth.，意为“做某事的机会”，动词不定式作后置定语，修饰抽象名词opportunity。故填to socialize。 28．Comfort foods vary from person to person, (depend) on our own unique experiences. 【答案】depending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：安慰食品因人而异，它取决于我们自己独特的经历。句子有谓语vary，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语comfort food和动词depend是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填depending。 29．Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar, (cook) low and slow. 【答案】cooked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每当我感到孤独时，我都有一个永远不会失败的秘方：米饭、牛奶和糖，小火慢煮。分析句子结构和意思可知，非谓语动词cook和逻辑主语rice, milk and sugar是动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作状语。故填cooked。 30．The campaign, (launch) on weibo, is soon joined by millions of netizens across China. 【答案】launched 【详解】句意：该活动在微博上发起，很快就有数百万中国网民加入。分析句子可知，“　　 (launch) on weibo”在句中为定语，名词campaign与动词launch为动宾关系，所以空处用过去分词表示被动。故填launched。 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 Luoyang is an ancient city in central China’s Henan Province with a long history. It 1 (link) closely to the peony (牡丹) for over a thousand years. This deep-rooted connection has made it a renowned center for this beautiful flower. Among many places 2 (admire) this beloved flower, the National Peony Garden stands out as the hottest destination. As the only flower garden in China given official national status, it serves as a vital gene bank for peonies, preserving their rich diversity. 3 (divide) into northern and southern sections, the garden is home 4 hundreds of thousands of peony plants. These include both native Chinese 5 (variety) and rare imports from Japan, the United States, and France. Renowned for their beautiful petals, striking colors, and fascinating smell, the peonies here offer a truly 6 (impress) sight. In an ongoing effort to innovate, the garden grafted (嫁接) 300 mature peony plants last year, 7 (create) breathtaking “mosaic peonies” with multi-colored blooms to further enrich the visual experience. Beyond the flower displays, the garden offers 8 harmonious mixture of natural beauty and cultural heritage. 9 (skilful) carved stone galleries relate the history and symbolism of the peony, 10 deepens the cultural significance of the site. More than just a botanical haven, the National Peony Garden is a living testament to the enduring legacy of Luoyang’s flower heritage. 【答案】 1．has been linked 2．to admire 3．Divided 4．to 5．varieties 6．impressive 7．creating 8．a 9．Skillfully 10．which 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了洛阳与牡丹渊源深厚，国家牡丹园品类丰富、景致绝美，园区创新培育新品种，还融合牡丹文化，传承洛阳牡丹文化底蕴。 【详解】1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：千百年来，它与牡丹有着密切的联系。时间状语for over a thousand years提示用现在完成时；主语 It（洛阳）与 link 是被动关系（“被紧密联系”），故用现在完成时的被动语态。 2．考查动词不定式。句意：在众多欣赏这一喜爱之花的地方中，国家牡丹园无疑是其中最受欢迎的目的地。分析句子可知，此处为不定式作后置定语，修饰名词places，表示“用来欣赏牡丹的地方”，符合“名词 + 不定式” 表用途的用法。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：花园分为南北两部分，是成千上万株牡丹的家园。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语the gardendivide 是被动关系（“被分成南北两区”），所以为过去分词形式，句首首字母大写。 4．考查固定短语。句意：花园分为南北两部分，是成千上万株牡丹的家园。此处为固定搭配be home to，意为“是… 的所在地；拥有……”。 5．考查名词复数形式。句意：这些品种既包括中国本土品种，也包括从日本、美国和法国进口的稀有品种。variety（品种）是可数名词，此处与后文imports 并列，指 “中国本土品种”，需用复数形式作宾语。 6．考查形容词。句意：这里的牡丹以其美丽的花瓣、鲜明的色彩和迷人的香气而闻名，呈现出令人叹为观止的视觉盛宴。形容词修饰名词 sight，impress的形容词形式impressive意为“令人印象深刻的”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了持续创新，去年花园嫁接了300株成熟的牡丹，打造出绚丽多彩的“马赛克牡丹”，进一步丰富了观赏体验。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示前面“嫁接牡丹”的动作自然而然带来“培育出马赛克牡丹”的结果，主语与create是主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。 8．考查冠词。句意：除了花卉展示，花园还融合了自然美景与文化遗产，营造出和谐统一的氛围。mixture（融合）是可数名词，此处泛指“一种自然美与文化遗产的和谐融合”，harmonious以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 9．考查副词。句意：精心雕刻的石制展厅讲述了牡丹的历史与象征意义，进一步深化了该地的文化价值。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词skillfully修饰过去分词carved，表示“雕刻精湛的”，句首首字母大写。 10．考查定语从句。句意：精心雕刻的石制展厅讲述了牡丹的历史与象征意义，进一步深化了该地的文化价值。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句“石雕长廊讲述牡丹的历史与象征意义”，在从句中作主语，所以为关系代词which引导。 二、阅读理解 Four Interesting Festivals in 2026 The following events happening in 2026 will make you want to pack your bags and join the fun. Holi Festival Holi turns cities into a sea of rainbow colors. People throw handfuls of colored powder at friends, family, and total strangers, while music, dancing, and laughter fill the streets. The festival celebrates the arrival of spring and the success. It happens on March 3, 2026. Wear white clothes if you don’t mind getting dirty, and prepare to be covered head-to-toe in every color imaginable. Wife-Carrying World Championship Competitors race through a difficult course while carrying their wife. The course includes water hazards (障碍), and sand traps that test strength, speed, and teamwork. Winners receive their wife’s weight in beer. It happens on July 3 and 4, 2026. Despite the traditional name, any couple can compete, and the event attracts teams from around the world eager to prove their carrying skills and sense of humor. Monkey Buffet Festival Tables piled high with fruit, vegetables, and snacks are laid out for Lopburi’s famous monkeys in a yearly feast that is both generous and makes for great photos. Hundreds of monkeys rush to the spread, creating a wild feeding competition that delights photographers and tourists. Typically held in late November, the 2026 event doesn’t have fixed dates yet. Night of the Radishes (萝卜) Artists in Oaxaca spend hours carving oversized radishes into well-designed historical figures, and imaginary creatures, knowing their creations will dry out within a day. The time pressure makes the festival feel magical and short-lived, which is a special experience. It happens on December 23, 2026. It’s held yearly on the same date. Arrive early for the best views, because the detailed carvings are amazing but only last for a short time. 11．Which event requires both physical effort and teamwork? A．Holi Festival. B．Night of the Radishes. C．Monkey Buffet Festival. D．Wife-Carrying World Championship. 12．What can be inferred about the Monkey Buffet Festival? A．It follows a fixed schedule. B．Monkeys eat politely together. C．Its 2026 date remains uncertain. D．Tourists feed monkeys personally. 13．What makes the Night of the Radishes special? A．Artists use special tools. B．The art disappears quickly. C．It happens before Christmas. D．Carvings are sold for money. 【答案】11．D 12．C 13．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了2026年四个有趣的节日及其特色与时间安排。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据Wife-Carrying World Championship部分中“Competitors race through a difficult course while carrying their wife. The course includes water hazards (障碍), and sand traps that test strength, speed, and teamwork. (参赛者们背着他们的妻子在一段艰难的赛道上比赛。赛道包括水域障碍和沙坑，考验着力量、速度和团队合作。)”可知，该活动需要体力和团队合作。 12．推理判断题。根据Monkey Buffet Festival部分中“Typically held in late November, the 2026 event doesn’t have fixed dates yet. (该活动通常在11月下旬举行，但2026年的具体日期尚未确定。)”可知，2026年的活动日期仍不确定。 13．细节理解题。根据Night of the Radishes (萝卜)部分中“Artists in Oaxaca spend hours carving oversized radishes into well-designed historical figures, and imaginary creatures, knowing their creations will dry out within a day. The time pressure makes the festival feel magical and short-lived, which is a special experience. (瓦哈卡的艺术家们花费数小时将巨大的萝卜雕刻成精心设计的历史人物和想象中的生物，他们知道自己的作品会在一天之内干枯。这种时间压力让这个节日充满魔力且短暂易逝，这是一种特别的体验。)”及“Arrive early for the best views, because the detailed carvings are amazing but only last for a short time. (尽早到场以获得最佳观赏效果，因为这些精美的雕刻虽然令人惊叹，但只能维持很短的时间。)”可知，该节日的特别之处在于艺术作品很快就会消失。 高考核心词汇 演练 高考高频词汇精选背诵（B字母） 1. barrier 2. boycott 3. barren 4. bachelor  5. breeze 6. brake 7. bleed 8. baggage 9. bald 10. breed 11. badge 12. bandage 13. botanist 14. bribe 15. bare 16. bounce 17. batch 18. brigade 19. bargain 20. barber 21. bewilder 22. brief 23. browse 24. basis 25. blink 26. brilliant 27. bullet 28. brand 29. boast 30. budget 31. bunch 32. blunt 33. bilingual 34. bump 35. bulletin 36. brochure  37. boom 38. bully 39. bless 40. bias · 高考核心词汇练习 1. With the development of West China, many technicians are ___ needed there in recent years. A. approximately B. barely C. badly D. hardly 2. In order to save every cent of the limited family’s expense, she had to ________ with the shop owner. A. calculate B. balance C. bargain D. argue 3. Poor health and lack of money may both be ________ to educational progress. A. bars B. bans C. bachelors D. barriers 4. It is obvious that there is no scientific ________ for the belief that there is a connection between luck and numbers. A. battery B. basement C. basis D. burden 5. I am writing _________ my mother to express her thanks for your timely help and kindness. A. on behalf of B. on account of C. in honor of D. on the basis of 6. The virtue of a man ought to be measured by his everyday ___________. A. behalf B. behaviour C. beverage D.boundary 7. Cycling is highly ________ to people ’ s health and the environment. A. basic B. beneficial C. brighten D. brief 8. A clean environment can help the city _______ for the Olympics, which in turn will promote its economic development. A. bleed B. bless C. bid D. boast 9. Peter’s sudden death was a great________ to Mary and it took her quite a while to get over the grief. A. budget B. blame C. block D. blow 10. He telephoned the travel agency to ___________ three air tickets to London. A.boom B. bribe C. brand D. book 11. She started at the _______ and worked her way up to become manager of the company. A. breed B. basin C. branch D. bottom 12. I’m very sorry to have________ you with so many questions on such an occasion. A. bothered B. bumped C. browsed D. begged 13. At that time, my mind was completely ________; I couldn't think of a single answer. A. blank B. brilliant C. blunt D. bald 14. The old man is used to sleeping without a pillow in order to keep his back from ________. A. bowing B. bending C. braking D. bouncing 15. After a long debate the_______was passed and it will become law next month. A. band B. booklet C. bill D. brigade 参考答案： 1~5 CCDCA 6~10 BBCDD 11~15 DAABC 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $