【暑假培优 ★ 新高二】第01讲：时态语态+题型综合练+高考词汇进阶 （全国通用）-新高二英语提升拓展精品讲义

第01讲：时态语态+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：动词时态语态 考点一、四类一般时用法 考点二、四类进行时用法 考点三、三类完成时用法 考点四、被动语态用法 题型综合练 语法填空 阅读理解记叙文 高考核心词汇积累 A字母高考核心词汇 要点梳理 1. 四类一般时 时态 主动结构 被动结构 核心用法 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are +done 经常性习惯、客观真理、常态事实 一般过去时 did was / were +done 过去某个时间一次性发生的动作 一般将来时 will do will be done 将来要发生的动作 一般过去将来时 would do would be done 站在过去视角，谈论之后将要发生的事 2. 四类进行时 时态 主动结构 被动结构 核心用法 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are + being done 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行 过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were + being done 过去某一时刻正在进行 将来进行时 will be doing 无被动 将来某段时间持续做某事 过去将来进行时 would be doing 无被动 从过去看，将来某时正在进行 3. 三类完成时 时态 主动结构 被动结构 核心用法 现在完成时 have/has + done have/has + been done 动作发生在过去，对现在产生结果 / 影响 过去完成时 had + done had + been done 过去的过去，在某个过去动作前已完成 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 将来某时间前，动作已经做完 课堂精讲 考点一、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 一、一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是： (1)一般情况直接加­s， (2)结尾为­s，­x，­sh，­ch或­o，在词尾加­es discuss—discusses　wash—washes　teach—teaches fix—fixes　go—goes (3)结尾为“辅音字母＋y”变y为i再加­es carry—carries　study—studies 2．一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。 二、一般过去时 1．一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是：规则动词的过去式变化详见附录 (1)一般情况在动词后加­ed (2)以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope—hoped　like—liked (3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­ed study—studied　try—tried (4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped　prefer—preferred　admit—admitted permit—permitted 2．一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 三、一般将来时 1．一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。 2．一般将来时的用法 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in＋一段时间等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —What time is it? 几点了？ —I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。 3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look，dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon，I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 四、过去将来时 1．一般过去时的构成 should/would＋动词原形 was/were going to＋动词原形 was/were about to＋动词原形 was/were to＋动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 2．一般过去时的用法 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点到这里。 I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。 I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 我本打算要参加聚会，但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 【小试牛刀】 1．It is universally acknowledged that the beauty of Chinese cuisine (consist) in its diversity and philosophy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】consists 【详解】句意：人们普遍认为，中国美食的魅力在于其多样性和背后的哲学理念。空处为that从句的谓语动词，主语为the beauty of Chinese cuisine，句子描述公认的客观事实需使用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2．The twentieth century (witness) the high­-speed development of human society. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】witnessed 【详解】句意：二十世纪见证了人类社会的高速发展。主语The twentieth century（二十世纪）是过去的时间范畴，谓语用一般过去时；witness此处意为“见证”，过去式为witnessed。 3．Add a few minutes of stretching to your morning routine, and it (enhance) your flexibility and blood circulation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will enhance 【详解】句意：在你的晨间常规中加入几分钟的拉伸，它会增强你的柔韧性和血液循环。本句为“祈使句+and+将来时”的固定句型，表示“如果做……就会……”，and后的句子需用一般将来时，谓语用will enhance。 4．They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further (strength) our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：它们拥有完善的设施和优秀的教授，助力培养能为经济作出贡献、并进一步增强国家实力的年轻人。 句中and连接并列的谓语结构，前面有情态动词will，后接动词原形；所给词strength是名词，意为“力量”，其动词形式为strengthen“增强；巩固”，符合语境。 故填 strengthen。 5．The scientists said the growth of the world’s population (slow) down in the future with most youths showing no desire to have a baby. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would slow 【详解】考查时态。句意：科学家们说，随着大多数年轻人没有生育意愿，未来世界人口的增长将会放缓。根据后文in the future可知应用将来时，且主句为一般过去时，宾语从句中也应用过去相对应的时态，故用过去将来时。故填would slow。 考点二、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时 一、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub.What's it like? ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？ —Well，it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind. ——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 二、过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。 三、将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。 四、现在完成进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？ —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 【小试牛刀】 6．At the moment, volunteers (hand) out leaflets about low-carbon transportation on the street. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are handing 【详解】句意：此刻，志愿者们正在街上发放关于低碳出行的传单。At the moment意为“此刻，目前”，是现在进行时的标志词。现在进行时的结构为“be + 现在分词”。句子主语volunteers是复数，be动词用are，hand的现在分词是handing。 7．She (whisper) to her desk-mate quietly in class when the teacher suddenly turned around and looked straight at them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was whispering 【详解】句意：她上课正小声和同桌窃窃私语，这时老师突然转身直视她们。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when...，结合后文when the teacher suddenly turned around and looked straight at them可知为过去进行时，谓语用单数。 8．I can’t attend the meeting at 3 pm tomorrow because I (discuss) the annual business plan at that time with my team. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be discussing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我不能参加明天下午三点的会议，因为那时我将和我的团队讨论年度商业计划。根据时间状语“at 3 pm tomorrow”和“at that time”可知，此处强调在未来某个具体时刻正在进行的动作，需用将来进行时，其结构为“will be + 现在分词”。故填will be discussing。 9．You probably (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine is in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have used/have been using 【详解】句意：你很可能从小就一直在摄入咖啡因。咖啡因在你喝的第一杯可乐里。如果你曾吃过一块巧克力，你就摄入过咖啡因。根据句中时间状语since childhood可知，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，谓语用have used/ have been using。 10．Dozens of doctors and nurses (work) day and night for weeks since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been working 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从新冠疫情暴发以来，数十名医生和护士已经日夜工作了数周。此空考查谓语动词，主语Dozens of doctors and nurses与work为主动关系，since引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，且可能仍在进行，主语为复数。故填have been working。 考点三、 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 一、现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点； for＋时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ —Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years.——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？ 二、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 3．常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 三、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或“by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了。 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 【小试牛刀】 11．Since he was young, he (imitate) various bird calls, and now he has become an expert at it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has imitated 【详解】句意：他从小就模仿各种鸟叫声，现在他已经成了这一方面的专家。根据时间状语“Since he was young”可知，此处表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has，imitate的过去分词是imitated。 12．Reports of similar incidents (multiply) rapidly across the region over the past few months. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have multiplied 【详解】句意：在过去的几个月里，类似事件的报道在该地区迅速增多。时间状语over the past few months“过去的几个月里”是现在完成时的标志词，主语Reports为复数，故谓语用have multiplied。 13．Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you (make) several decisions without even realizing it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had made 【详解】句意：做选择是生活的一部分。当你刷牙时，已经做出了许多决定，而你自己甚至没有意识到这一点。根据“By the time”以及“brushed”可知，“做决定”这个动作发生在“刷牙”这个过去动作之前，即“过去的过去”，此空用过去完成时had made。 14．By the time the project is completed next year, we (spend) more than two years on the research and development. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have spent 【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年这个项目完成时，我们将花了两年多的时间进行研究和开发。“By the time+一般现在时从句”时，主句用将来完成时will have spent，表示将来某个时间前完成的动作，故填will have spent。 15．I hope Jack’s health (improve) greatly by the time we go back to school this September. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have improved 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：当我们今年9月回到学校时，我希望杰克的健康会有很大的改善。根据句意和时间状语by the time we go back to school this September，此处应用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。故填will have improved。 考点四、 被动语态 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week.我们按周获得薪酬。 1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 三、主动形式表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。 2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let.此房出租。 【小试牛刀】 1．Since these technologies can improve efficiency by more than 50%, they (apply) to the industrial process in a comprehensive manner in the past few years. 【答案】have been applied 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于这些技术可以提高50% 以上的效率，在过去的几年中，它们已经被广泛地应用于工业生产过程中。此处在主句中作谓语，由in the past few years可知，句子描述从过去到现在发生的事，应用现在完成时，且主语they和动词apply是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been applied。 2．He lost the chance for promotion since he (investigate) by the police for fraud at that time. 【答案】was being investigated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他失去了晋升的机会，因为他当时正在接受警方的欺诈调查。根据时间状语 at that time可知，用过去进行时。主语he与investigate之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was being investigated。 3．It was the first time that I (ask) to sing in public and I was a bit nervous. 【答案】had been asked 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是我第一次被要求在公共场合唱歌，我有点紧张。it was the first time that...为固定句型，表示“这是第一次……”，其中that引导的从句应用过去完成时，结合语意，ask与主语I之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填had been asked。 4．As you diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space.(expose) 【答案】are exposed 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当你接触到不同的文化时，你可能会觉得穿越了时间和空间。主语you和动词expose之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are，故填are exposed。 5．A pink river dolphin leapt out of the Amazon River and (spot) by a local fisherman. 【答案】was spotted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一只粉红色的河豚从亚马逊河跃出，并且被当地一个渔民发现。主语A pink river dolphin与谓语spot构成被动关系，根据上文A pink river dolphin leapt out of the Amazon River可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为A pink river dolphin是单数，be动词用was。故填was spotted。 课堂精练 1．That’s because there (be) a number of automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是因为有许多自动化技术即将广泛地提供给任何人使用。“a number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语使用复数，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，故填are。 2．In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival (feature) a parade and a great feast of music, dancing, and sports. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】featured 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在古埃及，丰收节的特色是游行和盛大的音乐、舞蹈和体育盛宴。空处作谓语，根据“In ancient Egypt”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，因此用feature“以……为特色，以……为主要组成”的过去式形式。故填featured。 3．She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she (joke). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was joking 【详解】考查时态。句意：她警告她的父母有危险，虽然起初他们以为她只是在开玩笑。此处表示过去某个时刻正在发生，用过去进行时，主语为she，谓语用单数。故填was joking。 4．After living abroad for two years, I (adjust) to the local customs and lifestyle so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have adjusted 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在国外生活了两年，我已经适应了当地的风俗习惯和生活方式。空处作句子的谓语，结合“so far”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，且主语是I，助动词应用have。故填have adjusted。 5．By the time I graduated from high school, I (read) over 100 classic novels. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had read 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到我高中毕业的时候，我已经读了100多本经典小说。read“读”。本空在句中作谓语，根据时间状语By the time I graduated from high school可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had read。故填had read。 6．My classmates (practise) the English drama for days in order to perform well in the upcoming Cultural Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been practising 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：为了在即将到来的文化节上表现出色，我的同学们已经练习了好几天的英语剧了。根据“for days”和句意可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，且可能持续下去，使用现在完成进行时，主语classmates表示复数意义，助动词使用have。故填have been practising。 7．At our next wedding anniversary, we (marry) for twenty-five years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will have been married 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在我们下一个结婚纪念日，我们将结婚25年。根据时间状语At our next wedding anniversary可知，本句强调到将来某个时间为止已经完成的动作，所以时态要用将来完成时，其结构为“will have+过去分词”，marry为非延续性动词，在表示“结婚多长时间”时，要用be married的形式，be的过去分词是been。故填will have been married。 8．By the time you come back next month, I (finish) my research on environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have finished 【详解】考查时态。 句意：到你下个月回来的时候，我将已经完成我的环境保护研究。根据“By the time you come back next month”可知，表示动作发生在将来某一时间点之前，强调该动作在该时间点已完成，用将来 完成时。故填will have finished。 9．The new labs with advanced equipment nowadays. (equip) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are equipped 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，新实验室配备了先进的设备。equip(配备，装备)是谓语动词，与主语The new labs之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是复数名词，谓语用复数形式are equipped。故填are equipped。 10．If everything goes well, the new film (show) next Thursday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be shown 【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意：如果一切顺利，这部新电影将于下周四上映。由next Thursday可知，句子用一般将来时，电影是被上映，因此空格处用一般将来时的被动语态，即will be shown。故填will be shown。 11．They believed that by using computers the production of their factory (increase) greatly. 【答案】would increase/would be increased 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他们相信通过使用计算机，他们工厂的产量将大大增加。此处从句动作发生在将来，且根据主句谓语believed，可知宾语从句应用过去将来时，此处可以理解为产量自己提高，使用主动态，可也理解为被提高，用被动语态。故填would increase/would be increased。 12．The database (update) up to now, ensuring data accuracy and reliability throughout the entire system. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been updated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，数据库已经更新，确保了整个系统中数据的准确性和可靠性。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语“up to now”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语The database和动词update之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has been updated。 13．When he arrived at the spot, the injured (send) to the hospital. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been sent 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当他赶到现场时，伤者已被送往医院。空处作主句谓语，send发生在arrived之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时，主语the injured和send为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填had been sent。 14．I have moved into my cousin’s flat because my flat (decorate) at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being decorated 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我已经搬进了我表弟的公寓，因为我的公寓目前正在装修。根据时间状语“at the moment”可知，使用现在进行时；my flat和decorate为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is being decorated。 15．My son’s bedroom (equip) with some furniture and it was quite noisy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being equipped 【详解】考查语态和语态。句意：我儿子的卧室正在安装一些家具，而且很吵。空处作谓语，根据it was quite noisy可知，此处描述过去某个时间段正在做的事情，用过去进行时，主语bedroom与equip构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was being equipped。 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文或句子，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Luo Xianhua, a tea farmer from Tongmu village deep within the Wuyishan National Park, also serves as a forest ranger for at least 15 days every month. The national park, 1 (carve) on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a mixed cultural and natural heritage site, is home to the world's most well-preserved mid-subtropical forest ecosystem. 2 on watch at the Tongmu conservation station, Luo patrols (巡逻) the forest, monitors wildlife, and checks for fire hazards. He firmly holds the belief 3 a healthy environment is the foundation of high-quality tea. He tends his alpine tea garden and keeps a close eye on any signs of 4 (ecology) damage. Uniforms away, Luo returns to his tea garden 5 (earn) a living for his family. “Good environment is 6 guarantee to quality tea products, “he says. His words reflect a simple but profound truth: humans and the land cannot be separated. His efforts, 7 (fortunate), have inspired others in the community. So far,12 people from his village 8 (join) the ranger team to help protect the national park. All of them work as volunteers, patrolling the forest and preventing it 9 illegal logging. The Wuyishan National Park plays a critical role in global biodiversity conservation, 10 is why Luo takes his duty seriously. “We are not just protecting trees,” he explains. “We are protecting a living system.” 【答案】 1．carved 2．While/When 3．that 4．ecological 5．to earn 6．a 7．fortunately 8．have joined 9．from 10．which 【导语】本文讲述武夷山国家公园桐木村茶农罗先华身兼护林员，坚守生态保护工作，秉持绿水青山孕育优质好茶的理念，带动村民共同守护武夷山生态与生物多样性的故事。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化与自然双重遗产名录的国家公园，拥有全球保存最完好的中亚热带森林生态系统。此处作后置定语，逻辑主语The national park与动词carve为被动关系，用过去分词carved表被动。 2．考查状语从句连词。句意：在桐木保护站执勤时，罗先华巡查森林、监测野生动物并排查火灾隐患。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，用从属连词while/when引导从句；句首首字母大写。 3．考查同位语从句。句意：他坚信，良好的环境是高品质茶叶的基础。从句具体解释说明抽象名词belief的内容，从句句意完整、成分齐全，用连词that引导同位语从句。 4．考查形容词。句意：他打理着自己的高山茶园，密切关注任何生态遭到破坏的迹象。空处修饰名词damage，需用形容词作定语，ecology对应的形容词为ecological，意为“生态的”。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：卸下护林制服后，罗先华便回到茶园，靠劳作养家糊口。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，说明返回茶园的目的，故填to earn。 6．考查冠词。句意：良好的环境是优质茶叶的保障。guarantee为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，且发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 7．考查副词。句意：所幸，他的努力鼓舞了社区里的其他人。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词，fortunate对应的副词形式为fortunately，意为“幸运地”。 8．考查现在完成时。句意：迄今为止，村里已有12人加入护林队，助力守护这座国家公园。join(加入)是谓语动词，时间状语So far是现在完成时的标志词，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数形式have joined。 9．考查固定搭配。句意：他们全部以志愿者身份工作，巡查森林，防止森林遭到非法砍伐。固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，故填from。 10．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：武夷山国家公园在全球生物多样性保护中起着至关重要的作用，这也是罗先华认真对待自己职责的原因。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词指代前文整句话内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。 二、阅读理解 It took two years of training and effort, but in February, Mia, a 12-year-old girl, finally reached her goal of becoming the youngest female Master Scuba Diver in the US. This title represents a level of skill that even many adult divers never reach. And most divers only get the basic Open Water Diver certificate. When Mia was young, she learned that her mother had become an Open Water Diver in high school. Mia decided she wanted to become a diver, too. However, the youngest age to start training is 10. On her 10th birthday, Mia began her journey by getting her Open Water Diver certificate. Her instructors were impressed with her energy and drive. “She sets her mind to something and gets it done,” said Seamus Hastings, one of her instructors. Over the next two years, Mia took several advanced courses, including first aid, how to find her way underwater, and how to identify fish. She also finished 78 dives, far more than the 50 required for the Master Scuba Diver title. But Mia had to wait for her last two courses — Advanced Open Water Diver and Rescue Diver. That’s because you have to be at least 12 years old to earn these certificates. In February, Mia and her family traveled to Mexico. A week later, Mia passed the Advanced Open Water Diver course after completing her first night dive. The next day of her birthday, when she was officially 12, Mia finished the Rescue Diver course. The hardest part of the course was raising an injured adult diver to the surface and helping them breathe again. Mia found this challenging but managed to succeed. Mia is proud of her achievement but she doesn’t plan to stop there. She hopes to continue her diving education and become an ocean biologist in the future. She’s particularly interested in labeling and tracking sharks. 11．What inspired Mia to be a diver? A．Her family’s requirement. B．Her desire to explore the ocean. C．Her mother’s experience. D．Her interest in being an ocean biologist. 12．What made Mia delay taking her last two courses? A．Age restriction. B．Lack of required training. C．Financial issues. D．Academic commitments. 13．In what order did Mia complete her diving courses? A．Night dive, Rescue Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver. B．Rescue Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver, night dive. C．Advanced Open Water Diver, night dive, Rescue Diver. D．Night dive, Advanced Open Water Diver, Rescue Diver. 14．Which of the following best describes Mia? A．Open-minded and talented. B．Dynamic and determined. C．Responsible and humble. D．Strong-willed and sympathetic. 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了12岁的米娅受母亲影响学习潜水，历经两年训练，成为美国最年轻的女性水肺潜水大师，她还打算继续深造，立志成为海洋生物学家。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When Mia was young, she learned that her mother had become an Open Water Diver in high school. Mia decided she wanted to become a diver, too.(小时候，米娅得知母亲高中时就已成为一名开放水域潜水员。她下定决心，也想成为一名潜水员。)”可知，米娅母亲的经历激励她成为一名潜水员。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But Mia had to wait for her last two courses — Advanced Open Water Diver and Rescue Diver. That’s because you have to be at least 12 years old to earn these certificates.(然而，米娅却不得不等待最后两门课程——高级开放水域潜水员和救援潜水员的考试。因为这两项证书要求申请人至少年满12岁。)”可知，年龄限制让米娅推迟了修读最后两门课程。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A week later, Mia passed the Advanced Open Water Diver course after completing her first night dive. The next day of her birthday, when she was officially 12, Mia finished the Rescue Diver course.(一周后，米娅在完成首次夜间潜水后通过了高级开放水域潜水员课程。生日的第二天，也就是她正式满12岁的那天，米娅完成了救援潜水员课程。)”可知，米娅完成潜水课程的顺序是：首次夜潜 → 通过进阶开放水域潜水课程 → 完成救援潜水课程。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Her instructors were impressed with her energy and drive. “She sets her mind to something and gets it done,” said Seamus Hastings, one of her instructors.(她的教练们对她的精力和毅力印象深刻。“只要她下定决心，就能把事情做到位，”她的教练之一西缪斯·黑斯廷斯说道。)”可推知，米娅是一个充满活力且意志坚定的人。 高考核心词汇 演练 高考高频词汇精选背诵（A字母） 1. abandon 2. alternative 3. approach 4. allowance 5. abnormal 6. analysis 7. athlete 8. assumption 9. abstract 10. ancestor 11. abundant 12. attendant 13. academic 14. annual 15. awkward 16. apparent 17. accommodate 18. appliance 19. anticipate 20. accountant 21. appetite 22. architecture 23. amateur 24. accumulate 25. adolescent 26. assemble 27. absurd 28. acknowledge 29. advocate 30. addict 31. artificial 32. authority 33. affection 34. attach 35. anniversary 36. acquaintance 37. aggressive 38. approximate 39. appropriate 40. acquisition · 高考核心词汇练习 1. The criminal had planned to escape from the prison, but his attempt proved to be an _________. A. advantage B. anniversary C. adventure D. alarm 2. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A. authority B. accuracy C. access D. acquisition 3. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide __________ for the homeless families. A. appointment B. accommodation C. equipment D. appliance 4. He spent a lot of money in satisfying the ___________ for excitement and amusement. A. arrangement B. association C. adaption D. appetite 5. After receiving the news, immediate __________ was taken by the local government to stop the disease spreading. A. assignment　　 B. agreement C. action D. account 6. Many animals have _________ that help them escape from their enemies. A. anxiety B. ambitions C. adjustments D. addition 7. The ________ of a large parking lot will increase the number of people that can shop in the supermarket. A. admission B. administration C. approval D. appreciation 8. He is too proud, and considers himself perfect. He always believes what he does is ________ correct. A. absolutely B. academically C. annually D. appropriately 9. The pictures by Picasso are really ________. I can’t understand them without caption. A. abnormal B. abstract C. concrete D. aggressive 10. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work. A. awkward B. amateur C. annual D. absurd 11. The schools here offer different after-class activities. For them social skills are more important than _________ achievements. A. adequate B. apparent C. abundant D. academic 12. Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be ________ to the kids. A. accessible B. addictive C. affordable D. acceptable 13. The search was __________ when night came, even though the child had not been found. A. advocated B. abandoned C. achieved D. acknowledged 14. She was seated at her desk, with her eyes fixed on the book, __________ in its plot. A. adopted B. attempted C. assumed D. absorbed 15. Your passport application form should be __________ by two recent photographs when you go to the Passport Office.  A. accomplished B. accompanied C.assembled D. addressed 参考答案： 1~5 CCBDC 6~10 CAABD 11~15 DABDB 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲：时态语态+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：动词时态语态 考点一、四类一般时用法 考点二、四类进行时用法 考点三、三类完成时用法 考点四、被动语态用法 题型综合练 语法填空 阅读理解记叙文 高考核心词汇积累 A字母高考核心词汇 要点梳理 1. 四类一般时 时态 主动结构 被动结构 核心用法 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are +done 经常性习惯、客观真理、常态事实 一般过去时 did was / were +done 过去某个时间一次性发生的动作 一般将来时 will do will be done 将来要发生的动作 一般过去将来时 would do would be done 站在过去视角，谈论之后将要发生的事 2. 四类进行时 时态 主动结构 被动结构 核心用法 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are + being done 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行 过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were + being done 过去某一时刻正在进行 将来进行时 will be doing 无被动 将来某段时间持续做某事 过去将来进行时 would be doing 无被动 从过去看，将来某时正在进行 3. 三类完成时 时态 主动结构 被动结构 核心用法 现在完成时 have/has + done have/has + been done 动作发生在过去，对现在产生结果 / 影响 过去完成时 had + done had + been done 过去的过去，在某个过去动作前已完成 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 将来某时间前，动作已经做完 课堂精讲 考点一、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 一、一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是： (1)一般情况直接加­s， (2)结尾为­s，­x，­sh，­ch或­o，在词尾加­es discuss—discusses　wash—washes　teach—teaches fix—fixes　go—goes (3)结尾为“辅音字母＋y”变y为i再加­es carry—carries　study—studies 2．一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。 二、一般过去时 1．一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是：规则动词的过去式变化详见附录 (1)一般情况在动词后加­ed (2)以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope—hoped　like—liked (3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­ed study—studied　try—tried (4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped　prefer—preferred　admit—admitted permit—permitted 2．一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 三、一般将来时 1．一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。 2．一般将来时的用法 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in＋一段时间等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —What time is it? 几点了？ —I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。 3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look，dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon，I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 四、过去将来时 1．一般过去时的构成 should/would＋动词原形 was/were going to＋动词原形 was/were about to＋动词原形 was/were to＋动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 2．一般过去时的用法 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点到这里。 I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。 I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 我本打算要参加聚会，但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 【小试牛刀】 1．It is universally acknowledged that the beauty of Chinese cuisine (consist) in its diversity and philosophy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The twentieth century (witness) the high­-speed development of human society. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Add a few minutes of stretching to your morning routine, and it (enhance) your flexibility and blood circulation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further (strength) our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The scientists said the growth of the world’s population (slow) down in the future with most youths showing no desire to have a baby. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点二、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时 一、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub.What's it like? ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？ —Well，it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind. ——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 二、过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。 三、将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。 四、现在完成进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？ —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 【小试牛刀】 6．At the moment, volunteers (hand) out leaflets about low-carbon transportation on the street. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．She (whisper) to her desk-mate quietly in class when the teacher suddenly turned around and looked straight at them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．I can’t attend the meeting at 3 pm tomorrow because I (discuss) the annual business plan at that time with my team. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．You probably (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine is in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Dozens of doctors and nurses (work) day and night for weeks since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus.(所给词的适当形式填空) 考点三、 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 一、现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点； for＋时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ —Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years.——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？ 二、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 3．常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 三、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或“by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了。 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。【小试牛刀】 11．Since he was young, he (imitate) various bird calls, and now he has become an expert at it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Reports of similar incidents (multiply) rapidly across the region over the past few months. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you (make) several decisions without even realizing it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．By the time the project is completed next year, we (spend) more than two years on the research and development. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．I hope Jack’s health (improve) greatly by the time we go back to school this September. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点四、 被动语态 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week.我们按周获得薪酬。 1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 三、主动形式表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。 2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let.此房出租。 【小试牛刀】 1．Since these technologies can improve efficiency by more than 50%, they (apply) to the industrial process in a comprehensive manner in the past few years. 2．He lost the chance for promotion since he (investigate) by the police for fraud at that time. 3．It was the first time that I (ask) to sing in public and I was a bit nervous. 4．As you diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space.(expose) 5．A pink river dolphin leapt out of the Amazon River and (spot) by a local fisherman. 课堂精练 1．That’s because there (be) a number of automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival (feature) a parade and a great feast of music, dancing, and sports. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she (joke). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．After living abroad for two years, I (adjust) to the local customs and lifestyle so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．By the time I graduated from high school, I (read) over 100 classic novels. （所给词的适当形式填空） 6．My classmates (practise) the English drama for days in order to perform well in the upcoming Cultural Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．At our next wedding anniversary, we (marry) for twenty-five years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．By the time you come back next month, I (finish) my research on environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．The new labs with advanced equipment nowadays. (equip) (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．If everything goes well, the new film (show) next Thursday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．They believed that by using computers the production of their factory (increase) greatly. 12．The database (update) up to now, ensuring data accuracy and reliability throughout the entire system. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．When he arrived at the spot, the injured (send) to the hospital. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．I have moved into my cousin’s flat because my flat (decorate) at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．My son’s bedroom (equip) with some furniture and it was quite noisy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文或句子，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Luo Xianhua, a tea farmer from Tongmu village deep within the Wuyishan National Park, also serves as a forest ranger for at least 15 days every month. The national park, 1 (carve) on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a mixed cultural and natural heritage site, is home to the world's most well-preserved mid-subtropical forest ecosystem. 2 on watch at the Tongmu conservation station, Luo patrols (巡逻) the forest, monitors wildlife, and checks for fire hazards. He firmly holds the belief 3 a healthy environment is the foundation of high-quality tea. He tends his alpine tea garden and keeps a close eye on any signs of 4 (ecology) damage. Uniforms away, Luo returns to his tea garden 5 (earn) a living for his family. “Good environment is 6 guarantee to quality tea products, “he says. His words reflect a simple but profound truth: humans and the land cannot be separated. His efforts, 7 (fortunate), have inspired others in the community. So far,12 people from his village 8 (join) the ranger team to help protect the national park. All of them work as volunteers, patrolling the forest and preventing it 9 illegal logging. The Wuyishan National Park plays a critical role in global biodiversity conservation, 10 is why Luo takes his duty seriously. “We are not just protecting trees,” he explains. “We are protecting a living system.” 二、阅读理解 It took two years of training and effort, but in February, Mia, a 12-year-old girl, finally reached her goal of becoming the youngest female Master Scuba Diver in the US. This title represents a level of skill that even many adult divers never reach. And most divers only get the basic Open Water Diver certificate. When Mia was young, she learned that her mother had become an Open Water Diver in high school. Mia decided she wanted to become a diver, too. However, the youngest age to start training is 10. On her 10th birthday, Mia began her journey by getting her Open Water Diver certificate. Her instructors were impressed with her energy and drive. “She sets her mind to something and gets it done,” said Seamus Hastings, one of her instructors. Over the next two years, Mia took several advanced courses, including first aid, how to find her way underwater, and how to identify fish. She also finished 78 dives, far more than the 50 required for the Master Scuba Diver title. But Mia had to wait for her last two courses — Advanced Open Water Diver and Rescue Diver. That’s because you have to be at least 12 years old to earn these certificates. In February, Mia and her family traveled to Mexico. A week later, Mia passed the Advanced Open Water Diver course after completing her first night dive. The next day of her birthday, when she was officially 12, Mia finished the Rescue Diver course. The hardest part of the course was raising an injured adult diver to the surface and helping them breathe again. Mia found this challenging but managed to succeed. Mia is proud of her achievement but she doesn’t plan to stop there. She hopes to continue her diving education and become an ocean biologist in the future. She’s particularly interested in labeling and tracking sharks. 11．What inspired Mia to be a diver? A．Her family’s requirement. B．Her desire to explore the ocean. C．Her mother’s experience. D．Her interest in being an ocean biologist. 12．What made Mia delay taking her last two courses? A．Age restriction. B．Lack of required training. C．Financial issues. D．Academic commitments. 13．In what order did Mia complete her diving courses? A．Night dive, Rescue Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver. B．Rescue Diver, Advanced Open Water Diver, night dive. C．Advanced Open Water Diver, night dive, Rescue Diver. D．Night dive, Advanced Open Water Diver, Rescue Diver. 14．Which of the following best describes Mia? A．Open-minded and talented. B．Dynamic and determined. C．Responsible and humble. D．Strong-willed and sympathetic. 高考核心词汇 演练 高考高频词汇精选背诵（A字母） 1. abandon 2. alternative 3. approach 4. allowance 5. abnormal 6. analysis 7. athlete 8. assumption 9. abstract 10. ancestor 11. abundant 12. attendant 13. academic 14. annual 15. awkward 16. apparent 17. accommodate 18. appliance 19. anticipate 20. accountant 21. appetite 22. architecture 23. amateur 24. accumulate 25. adolescent 26. assemble 27. absurd 28. acknowledge 29. advocate 30. addict 31. artificial 32. authority 33. affection 34. attach 35. anniversary 36. acquaintance 37. aggressive 38. approximate 39. appropriate 40. acquisition 1. The criminal had planned to escape from the prison, but his attempt proved to be an _________. A. advantage B. anniversary C. adventure D. alarm 2. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A. authority B. accuracy C. access D. acquisition 3. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide __________ for the homeless families. A. appointment B. accommodation C. equipment D. appliance 4. He spent a lot of money in satisfying the ___________ for excitement and amusement. A. arrangement B. association C. adaption D. appetite 5. After receiving the news, immediate __________ was taken by the local government to stop the disease spreading. A. assignment　　 B. agreement C. action D. account 6. Many animals have _________ that help them escape from their enemies. A. anxiety B. ambitions C. adjustments D. addition 7. The ________ of a large parking lot will increase the number of people that can shop in the supermarket. A. admission B. administration C. approval D. appreciation 8. He is too proud, and considers himself perfect. He always believes what he does is ________ correct. A. absolutely B. academically C. annually D. appropriately 9. The pictures by Picasso are really ________. I can’t understand them without caption. A. abnormal B. abstract C. concrete D. aggressive 10. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work. A. awkward B. amateur C. annual D. absurd 11. The schools here offer different after-class activities. For them social skills are more important than _________ achievements. A. adequate B. apparent C. abundant D. academic 12. Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be ________ to the kids. A. accessible B. addictive C. affordable D. acceptable 13. The search was __________ when night came, even though the child had not been found. A. advocated B. abandoned C. achieved D. acknowledged 14. She was seated at her desk, with her eyes fixed on the book, __________ in its plot. A. adopted B. attempted C. assumed D. absorbed 15. Your passport application form should be __________ by two recent photographs when you go to the Passport Office.  A. accomplished B. accompanied C.assembled D. addressed 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $