课时分层检测(十五) The world of science（Word试题版）-【创新大课堂】2027年高三英语一轮总复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 整合石家庄、山东等地高三模拟题，涵盖阅读理解（7题）、七选五（5题）、语法填空（10题），聚焦科学书籍、文化记忆、文化冲击及琵琶文化主题，适配一轮复习语言能力与文化意识培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|7题|科学类文本解读、文化记忆概念理解|情境真实（科学书籍介绍、历史事件分析），问题层次分明（细节查找、推理判断）| |七选五|5题|文化冲击应对策略|语篇衔接考查，融入跨文化交际意识| |语法填空|10题|琵琶文化说明文中的词法、句法|结合传统文化素材，考查语法应用与文化表达|

课时分层检测（十五） The world of science Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A （2026·石家庄高三质量检测） The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in. Here are four of them to feed your imagination. A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson How did it all begin? And how did we get here? Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history. It explains scientific topics in a vivid way, but it’s quite a long read. Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe How do helicopters work? Or cells? Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English. It will shift your approach to explanation. So, next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name. However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience. Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake What does it feel like to fly into space? How do you prepare for it? Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space. The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station. Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. Deep Time by Riley Black Want to know the story of our planet? Riley Black takes us on a journey, in the order of time, through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. Yet, measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺). 1. Which book is organized in the format of question and answer? A. A Short History of Nearly Everything. B. Thing Explainer. C. Ask an Astronaut. D. Deep Time. 2. What’s a shortcoming of Thing Explainer? A. It is rather too long. B. It is written in plain language. C. It lacks technical terms. D. It fails to include clear images. 3. What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common? A. They combine science and history. B. They feature vivid illustrations. C. They introduce astronauts’ daily life. D. They entertain readers of all ages. B （2025·山东聊城三模） People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people. Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols. Cultural memory is often amassed in objects, such as museums or historical monuments. To understand culture, humans access a mass of cultural symbols, such as books. Artifacts (历史文物) of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture. Cultural memory is the longest-lasting form of memory. Like all forms of memory, cultural memory has important functions. For example, it makes the experiences a nation owns clear. It provides us with an understanding of the past and the values of the group to which we belong. Besides, it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members. The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone (经历) by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in World War II— in which tens of millions of Russians were killed — is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups. The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past, whether it is good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again. Aleida Assmann, a professor who has worked on memory theory since the 1960s, calls this “remembering forward”. Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces (痕迹) of what worked in the past. 4. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. Reporting a discovery of cultural memory. B. Leading to the concept of cultural memory. C. Introducing the importance of memory in identity. D. Making a connection between memory and culture. 5. Which can replace the underlined word “amassed” in paragraph 2? A. Stored. B. Overlooked. C. Evaluated. D. Created. 6 Russia is mentioned in paragraph 3 to indicate ______. A. the features of cultural memory B. the formation of cultural memory C. the role of big events in Russian identity D. the impact of cultural memory on identity 7. What is cultural memory mainly expected to do? A. Pass previous wisdom down. B. Keep traces of history. C. Get people to know about the past. D. Remind people of their identity. Ⅱ. 七选五 （2026·山东菏泽期末） Culture shock is the experience that often accompanies moving to an unfamiliar place. It could be marked by feeling lost, anxious or hesitant. ____8____ You’ll become accustomed to the same things that initially “shocked” you! Read on for tips for overcoming culture shock in a short time. When deciding to visit an entirely new place, don’t expect the traditions and cultures followed by your current home to be followed by the new land. ____9____ So keep your expectations low. Even though it is an unfamiliar environment hosting different cultures and traditions from the one you’re used to it’s vital to broaden your mind and be willing to try new things. Don’t be quick to form discriminatory judgments just because it is “odd”. Have a go at something different, like a food or clothing — different isn’t necessarily bad. ____10____ Social psychologists claim that lack of information is the biggest contributor to prejudices. Talk to the local population and ask them about how their culture works instead of assuming the worst. ____11____ Plus, you’ll make some friends who can ease your transformation. Keep yourself open-minded, await new experiences and familiarize yourself with the conduct of the people. ____12____ Go out there and have fun! A. Integrity breaks down barriers. B. You can gain insight into your surroundings. C. Culture shock will eventually disappear, though. D. Every city or country has its own values and beliefs. E. Never do you know where you might find an interest. F. Consequently, such memories are what you should treasure. G. As long as you stick to that, you’ll soon adjust to the new culture. Ⅲ. 语法填空 （2026·山东省临沂市二模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pipa is a traditional Chinese ____13____ (music) instrument with a history of over 2000 years. Originating from ancient China, it has evolved through various dynasties, becoming an integral part of Chinese music culture. It has a unique pear-shaped body ____14____ (make) of wood and four strings. The sound of Pipa is bright and melodious, capable of ____15____ (express) a wide range of emotions. Pipa ____16____ (play) in both solo and ensemble performances. It is known ____17____ its diverse playing techniques, including plucking, strumming, and sliding. Mastering Pipa requires years of practice and ____18____ good understanding of Chinese music. In ancient times, Pipa was a popular instrument among scholars and artists, many of ____19____ wrote poems and music inspired by Pipa. Today, Pipa is still an important part of Chinese culture and has gained ____20____ (popular) worldwide. Learning to play Pipa not only develops musical skills but also provides a ____21____ (deep) appreciation of Chinese history and tradition. It serves as a bridge to the past and a way _____22_____ (preserve) the beauty of ancient Chinese music for future generations. Pipa is more than just an instrument; it is a symbol of Chinese musical achievement and a treasure of world music culture. 课时分层检测（十五） The world of science Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A （2026·石家庄高三质量检测） 【1~3题答案】 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四本能激发好奇心的科学书籍，分别介绍了每本书的内容、特色及优缺点。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake部分“Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers (它的问答形式让人们可以轻松快速地找到答案)”可知，Ask an Astronaut是用问答形式组织内容的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe部分“However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience. (不过，如果能补充更多专业术语，可能会提升理解和学习体验)”可知，Thing Explainer的缺点是缺少专业术语。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson部分“Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. (这本书结合了历史与科学，为这些问题提供了全面又有趣的答案)”以及Deep Time by Riley Black“through the geological events that have shaped our planet (通过塑造了地球的地质事件)”、“It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. (它还拓展了地质学、天文学和生物学的核心概念)”可知，这两本书的共同点是结合了科学与历史。故选A项。 B （2025·山东聊城三模） 【4~7题答案】 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨文化记忆的定义、功能及其在社会和文化适应中的重要作用。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people. (人们通常认为记忆是对过去的回忆。记忆使人们能够从过去的经验中学习，并将这些知识应用于当前的情况。这是我们身份的重要组成部分。文化也是如此，是一群人特有的生活方式。)”以及第二段首句“Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols. (文化记忆是对过去的理解，通过文字、口头传统、纪念碑和其他符号代代相传。)”可知，第一段是为了引出文化记忆的概念。故选B。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段划线单词下文“To understand culture, humans access a mass of cultural symbols, such as books. Artifacts of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture. (为了理解文化，人类接触了大量的文化符号，比如书籍。过去的历史文物提供了我们从哪里来的见解。图书馆和互联网保存着看似无穷无尽的数据，这些数据是关于成为某种文化的一部分意味着什么。)”可推测，划线词所在句子指的是“文化记忆通常储存在博物馆或历史纪念碑等物品中”，划线词与A项Stored“存储”意义相近。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Besides, it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members. The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in World War II— in which tens of millions of Russians were killed — is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups. (此外，它还创造了一种共享身份的形式，以及一种将这种身份传递给新成员的手段。最强大的文化记忆形式可能包括对受害者群体所经历的过去灾难性经历的记忆。例如，在俄罗斯，他们在二战中的角色——数千万俄罗斯人在二战中丧生——仍然是现代俄罗斯身份的重要组成部分。因为所有群体都有文化记忆，它可以在受到威胁的群体中带来一种抵抗或生存的精神。)”可知，文章提到苏联的解体和随后的事件，这些事件对俄罗斯人的身份认同产生了深远影响，展现了文化记忆如何塑造和影响一个民族或国家的身份认同，故俄罗斯的例子是用来说明文化记忆对身份认同的影响。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past, whether it is good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again. (文化记忆的主要功能不是回忆过去，不管过去是好是坏。相反，它是利用过去经验的知识来避免一次又一次地犯同样的错误。)”以及“Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces of what worked in the past. (文化记忆使人们能够适应他们的文化；它使文化能够通过保留过去的痕迹来适应新的环境。)”可知，文化记忆主要被期望用来传承过去智慧以避免犯错误和适应新环境。故选A。 Ⅱ. 七选五 （2026·山东菏泽期末） 【8~12题答案】 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. E 11. B 12. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了短时间内克服文化冲击的建议。 【8题详解】 根据上文“Culture shock is the experience that often accompanies moving to an unfamiliar place. It could be marked by feeling lost, anxious or hesitant.(文化冲击是指移居到一个不熟悉的地方所带来的体验。它的特点可能是感到失落、焦虑或犹豫)”以及后文“You’ll become accustomed to the same things that initially “shocked” you!(你会习惯最初“震惊”你的同样的事情)”可知，后文提到了会习惯文化冲击，说明文化冲击最终会消失。故C选项“文化冲击最终会消失”符合语境，故选C。 【9题详解】 根据上文“When deciding to visit an entirely new place, don’t expect the traditions and cultures followed by your current home to be followed by the new land.(当你决定去一个全新的地方旅游时，不要指望你现在的家乡所遵循的传统和文化会被新的地方所遵循)”可知，上文提到了新的地方有新的传统和文化，故本句承接上文说明每个地方文化方面的不同。故D选项“每个城市或国家都有自己的价值观和信仰”符合语境，故选D。 【10题详解】 根据上文“Even though it is an unfamiliar environment hosting different cultures and traditions from the one you’re used to, it’s vital to broaden your mind and be willing to try new things. Don’t be quick to form discriminatory judgments just because it is “odd”. Have a go at something different, like a food or clothing — different isn’t necessarily bad.(即使这是一个陌生的环境，与你所习惯的环境有着不同的文化和传统，拓宽你的思维，愿意尝试新事物也是至关重要的。不要因为它“奇怪”就迅速形成歧视性的判断。尝试一些不同的东西，比如食物或衣服——不同并不一定是坏事)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文说明尝试新事物的原因。故E选项“你永远不知道你会在哪里找到兴趣”符合语境，故选E。 【11题详解】 根据上文“Social psychologists claim that lack of information is the biggest contributor to prejudices. Talk to the local population and ask them about how their culture works instead of assuming the worst.(社会心理学家声称，缺乏信息是造成偏见的最大原因。与当地人交谈，询问他们的文化是如何运作的，而不是假设最坏的情况)”可知，本句承接上文说明与当地人交谈所带来的好处。故B选项“你可以洞察周围的环境”符合语境，故选B。 【12题详解】 根据上文“Keep yourself open-minded, await new experiences and familiarize yourself with the conduct of the people.(保持开放的心态，等待新的经历，熟悉人们的行为)”可知，本句承接上文，说明上文一系列的行为的影响。故G选项“只要你坚持下去，你很快就会适应新的文化”符合语境，故选G。 Ⅲ. 语法填空 （2026·山东省临沂市二模） 【13~22题答案】 【答案】13. musical 14. made 15. expressing 16. is played 17. for 18. a 19. whom 20. popularity 21. deeper 22. to preserve 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了琵琶是有着超 2000 年历史的中国传统乐器，其由古代发展而来，有独特外形和多样演奏技巧，需长期练习和对中国音乐的理解。古代学者艺术家多受其启发创作，如今琵琶在世界受欢迎，学弹琵琶不仅提升音乐技能，还能加深对中国历史文化的理解。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：琵琶是一种有着2000多年历史的中国传统乐器。修饰名词instrument用形容词musical。故填musical。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它有一个独特的梨形琴身，由木头和四根弦制成。此处make与body构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填made。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它有一个独特的梨形琴身，由木头和四根弦制成。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填expressing。 【16题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：琵琶在独奏和合奏中都有演奏。主语Pipa与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is played。 【17题详解】 考查介词。句意：它以其多样的演奏技巧而闻名，包括弹拨，弹拨和滑动。短语be known for表示“以……而闻名”。故填for。 【18题详解】 考查冠词。句意：掌握琵琶需要多年的练习和对中国音乐的良好理解。短语a good understanding of表示“对……的良好理解”。故填a。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在古代，琵琶在学者和艺术家中是一种流行的乐器，许多人都以琵琶为灵感创作诗歌和音乐。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词scholars and artists，作介词的宾语，指人。故填whom。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：今天，琵琶仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分，并在世界范围内受到欢迎。作动词的宾语，用名词popularity。故填popularity。 【21题详解】 考查比较级。句意：学习琵琶不仅能提高音乐技巧，还能加深对中国历史和传统的了解。根据语境，学习弹奏琵琶不仅能培养音乐技能，还能让人对中国历史和传统有“更深刻的”欣赏，用比较级。故填deeper。 【22题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它是一座通往过去的桥梁，也是为后代保存中国古代音乐之美的一种方式。名词way后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to preserve。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $