内容正文:
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
语法填空
Disasters such as tornadoes, droughts, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another, ____1____ (cause) great damage to many countries. In summary, the earthquake has the ____2____ (bad) effects. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 ____3____ (die). 90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people suffered a lot. Food, water and electricity were hard to get. The shocked survivors saw destroyed bricks, deep cracks in village wells and useless metals everywhere as if the world were at an end. Rescue teams who were in shock dug out the trapped, ____4____ (bury) the dead, and built shelters in the open air. With unified efforts and wisdom of all people, the city revived ____5____ (it) and began to breathe again. Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis. The tsunami ____6____ struck Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines. Huge waves swept away many people. Foreign countries aided these areas by delivering food and supplies by helicopter. Though these natural disasters can not be avoided, we can take some protective measures ____7____ (lower) their damage. When ____8____ (trap) in an emergency, we should keep calm, tap on a pipe or whistle for help, stay away from power lines and survive on ____9____ you have on hand. Last but not least, always keep first aid kits at home ____10____ case.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 shock n. 休克;震惊;令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊(shocked adj. 感到震惊的shocking adj. 令人震惊的)
11. All of us were ________ at the ________ news that many deaths had been caused by the flood. (shock) (所给词的适当形式填空)
12. 汤姆在马拉松比赛中赢得冠军,这使我们都非常震惊。
Tom won the championship in the marathon, ________________________________________________________.
13. 听到家乡被飓风摧毁的消息,她吓得脸色苍白。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
She ________________________________ that her hometown was destroyed by the hurricane.
2 trap vt. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 陷阱;险境
14. People with weak control power are likely to be trapped into ________ (buy) useless goods by the webcast. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15. ________ (trap) in the ruins for two days, the girl constantly held a positive attitude, firmly believing that someone would come to her rescue. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(读后续写之佳句积累)
16. 如果我没有和汤姆吵架,没有走开,没有爬到高处,我就不会被困在这个可怕的地方,面临死亡的危险。
Hadn’t I quarreled with Tom, walked away and climbed to the high place, ________________________________, confronted with the danger of dying.
3 bury vt. 埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏(burial n. 埋葬;葬礼)
(读后续写之动作描写)
17. Hearing the bad news, she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears.
→Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears, ________________________________.(现在分词作状语)
→Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears, ________________________________.(with复合结构)
→Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears, ________________________________.(独立主格结构)
18. 自毕业以来,她一直埋头于文物保护和修复工作,在这一领域做出了巨大贡献。(话题写作之人物介绍)
Ever since graduation, she ________________________________ relic protection and restoration work, making great contributions in this field.
4 suffer vt. 遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n. 受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦难 sufferer n. 受难者;患者)
19. 得知您身患疾病,我写信表达我诚挚的关心与问候。
________________________________________, I am writing to express my sincere concern and greetings.
(读后续写之主旨升华)
20. 生活中总有起起落落,但正是这些磨难让我们变得更坚强。
There are always ups and downs in our life, but ________________________________________.
5 survive vi. 生存;存活vt. 幸免;幸存;艰难度过;生还;比……活得长(survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. 幸存;生还)
21. The ________ owed his ________ to a TV program, which taught people what to survive ________ when they were trapped in the wild.(survive)(所给词的适当形式填空)
22. Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness, she still survived her husband _______________ 5 years. (用适当的词填空)
(读后续写之升华句)
23. 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn’t about ________________________________________________; it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
6 strike vt. & vi.(struck/ struck/ stricken)击打;(时钟等)敲响;擦(火柴);撞击;侵袭;给(某人以……)印象;突然想起n. 罢工;罢课;袭击
24. The workers are coming out _______________ strike for higher wages, which is a shock to the government. (用适当的词填空)
(2023·浙江1月,读后续写)
25. 我的朋友们都被一只小鸟和它的救命恩人之间的深厚联系深深打动了。 My friends ________________________ the profound bond between a little bird and her saver.
26. 我突然想到一个好主意,我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。
________________________________ that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
→________________________________ we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day. (用it作形式主语改写)
7 as if引导的虚拟语气
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临!
27. Listen, the whistle of an ambulance! It seems as if there ______(be) an emergency. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28. At the bad news, Mary froze with shock, as if ________ (root) to the ground. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2023·浙江1月,读后续写)
29. 这只鸟似乎在等着我,它圆溜溜的眼睛与我对视着,似乎在试图表达某种深沉的、无以言表的感激之情。
It seemed almost as if ________________, and its beautiful eyes met mine as if ________________________________________________.
用法点拨 当 as if/though引导方式状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时,则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
8 be doing... when...
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,突然海水开始灌入屋内。
(2026·浙江1月)
30. When I got home and told Emma the story, her eyes ________ (sparkle). “I knew you were my hero, Dad!” she cheered. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(读后续写之片段描写)
31. 手里捧着罐子,我正匆忙上楼梯,突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊住了。我失去了平衡,努力想稳住自己,但是没用。罐子从我的手指间滑落,摔在了坚硬的泥土地上。我刚要去捡起碎片,就听到妈妈的声音:“发生了什么事?”
With the jar in my hands, I ________________________ one of my feet caught on one stair. Losing balance, I tried to steady myself, but in vain. The jar slipped through my fingers, and smashed on the hard-as-rock mud floor. I ________________________ I heard my mom’s voice, “What’s happening?”
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
熟词生义——活用词性得新义
①In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ____32____
②Birds singing in the tree, the bright five-star red flag waved in the breeze. ____33____
③The shock of the explosion could be felt up to six miles away. ____34____
④... John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) ____35____
(二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联
strike
A. n. 不利因素 B. v. 突然想到 C. n. 罢工 D. vt. 撞 E. v. 达成(协议,妥协) F. v. 敲
①When I entered the room, the clock had just struck. ____36____
②The amount of fuel that this car uses is a big strike against it. ____37____
③.. some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)____38____
④They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. ____39____
⑤He fell, striking his head on the edge of the table. ____40____
⑥It struck me that I forgot to hand in my homework, making me anxious. ____41____
deliver
A. v. 递送 B. v. 生小孩;分娩 C. v. 发表演说
①The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy, which made the handsome prince wild with excitement. ____42____
②The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)____43____
③Good evening, everybody. Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. (2021·天津6月卷)____44____
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
45. He made a great effort to save the girl ________ (trap) in the burning house. (所给词的适当形式填空)
46. This event will supply you ________ a precious opportunity to work with experts in this field. (用适当的词填空)
47. For thousands of years, people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on ________ (wise). (所给词的适当形式填空) (2023.全国甲)
48. ________ (bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball, he didn’t make it to school on time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. As I ________ (sweep) up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing ________ (happen). (所给词的适当形式填空)
51. ________ struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to know what I didn’t know. (用适当的词填空)
52. The stadium and the gym lay ________ ruins after the big fire caused by careless smoking. (用适当的词填空)
53. Despite the ________ (suffer) she had endured, she never lost her faith in humanity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. To win an honour for his country, he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race, _______________ (set) a good example to others. (所给词的适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——自然灾害与救援
55. 在2022年8月发生的重庆山火和2023年1月发生的泸定地震中涌现出了很多青年逆行者榜样,如“00后”消防员、“00后”志愿者等。你校正在组织以“We Should Shoulder the Responsibility”为主题的英语征文活动,请你投稿,内容包括:
1. 青年榜样的突出品质;
2. 呼吁年轻人向他们学习。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
56. 我在网上冲浪时,一篇关于“00后”的消防员和志愿者的报道吸引了我的眼球。(be doing ... when)(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________
57. 在重庆山火和泸定地震中涌现出了许多“00后”的榜样,他们表现出了勇敢和责任感。(emerge;定语从句)(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________
58. 在一些人眼中,“00后”似乎是最叛逆(rebellious)的一代。(as if)(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________
59. 然而,当面对自然灾害时,他们冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟或洪水中的人们,完全把他们自己的安全抛在了身后。(be trapped in ruins;be faced with;分词作状语)(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________
60. 深受他们故事的影响,我呼吁所有年轻人向他们学习,并承担起我们的责任。(be affected with/by;分词作状语)(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
______________________________________________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用 【火灾救援】
The fire started to spread all over the hotel, and people fleeing out of it in time ________61________. Just at that moment, a sharp scream came out of the crowd. A young mother ________62________ (定语从句) cried that her baby was still in the hotel room. Hearing that, ________63________ (无灵主语句), and they didn’t know what they could do in that situation. They tried to comfort the woman ________64________, but words just failed them. They almost lost hope when a young man quickly ran to the pool in front of the hotel, poured water on his jacket and then rushed into the burning room. Seeing the scene, everyone ________65________, wishing he could successfully bring the baby out. ________66________ until they heard some cry of a baby.
大火开始蔓延到整个酒店,及时逃离的人们仍然非常恐慌。就在这时,人群中传来一声尖锐的尖叫。一位吓坏了的年轻母亲哭着说她的孩子还在酒店房间里。听到这句话,人群中涌起一阵恐惧,他们不知道在这种情况下能怎么办。他们试图安慰那个被吓得魂不附体的女人,却不知道说什么。他们几乎失去了希望,这时一个年轻人迅速跑到酒店前的游泳池,把水倒在夹克上,然后冲进着火的房间。看到这一幕,所有人都吓呆了,希望他能成功地把孩子抱出来。每个人的心都卡在嗓子眼里,直到他们听到了婴儿的哭声。
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. causing
2. worst 3. deaths
4. buried 5. itself
6. that##which
7. to lower
8. trapped 9. what
10. in
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各类自然灾害的影响,重点以唐山地震和2004年海啸为例,描述了灾害造成的破坏、救援过程,并给出了应对自然灾害的防护措施。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:龙卷风、干旱、洪水、滑坡、火山爆发、台风、飓风和地震等灾害接踵而至,给许多国家造成了巨大破坏。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词have come,且无连词,因此空处需用非谓语形式;动词cause与逻辑主语disasters之间是主动关系(灾害主动造成破坏),故用现在分词作自然结果状语。故填causing。
【2题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:总之,地震的影响最严重。根据定冠词the及语境“各类灾害中影响最甚”可知,此处需用形容词bad的最高级形式,表“最严重的”修饰名词effects,bad的最高级为worst,故填worst。
【3题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:1976年唐山地震造成24万多人死亡。more than 240,000后接可数名词复数,动词die的名词形式为death,复数形式为deaths,表“死亡人数”。故填deaths。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意:陷入震惊的救援队挖出被困者,掩埋死者,并在户外搭建避难所。分析句子结构可知,空处与dug out、built并列作谓语,时态需保持一致,均为一般过去时;动词bury的过去式为buried。故填buried。
【5题详解】
考查反身代词。句意:在所有人的共同努力与智慧下,这座城市复苏了,重新开始呼吸。此处用反身代词作revived的宾语,指代主语the city,表“城市自身”,it的反身代词为itself。故填itself。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:2004年袭击亚洲的海啸冲向了海岸线。本句有谓语动词struck和crashed,因此空处需用连词引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词The tsunami(指物),且关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然这些自然灾害无法避免,但我们可以采取一些防护措施来降低它们的破坏程度。此句已有谓语动词can take,此处需用动词不定式作目的状语,表达“采取措施”的目的。故填to lower。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当被困在紧急情况中时,我们应该保持冷静,敲击管道或吹口哨求救,远离电线,靠手头现有的东西生存。“when +过去分词”结构作时间状语,动词trap与逻辑主语we之间是被动关系(我们被困住),故用过去分词trapped,相当于when we are trapped的省略。故填trapped。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:当被困在紧急情况中时,我们应该保持冷静,敲击管道或吹口哨求救,远离电线,靠手头现有的东西生存。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作介词on的宾语,且在从句中作have的宾语,表“……的事物”。故填what。
【10题详解】
考查介词短语。句意:最后但同样重要的是,家里要常备急救箱以防万一。in case是固定短语,意为“以防万一”,符合语境。故填in。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 shock n. 休克;震惊;令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊(shocked adj. 感到震惊的shocking adj. 令人震惊的)
【11题答案】
【答案】 ①. shocked ②. shocking
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:听到洪水造成多人死亡这一令人震惊的消息,我们所有人都感到震惊。根据句意和提示词“shock”可知,①空填形容词shocked,用于描述人“感到震惊的”,作表语说明主语“All of us”的状态,符合语境。②空填形容词shocking,用于描述事物“令人震惊的”,作定语修饰名词“news”,符合语境。故填①shocked;②shocking。
【12题答案】
【答案】which was a great shock to/greatly shocked us all
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。根据汉语提示可知,设空处应用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子“汤姆在马拉松比赛中赢得冠军”这件事;“使我们都非常震惊”可表达为“was a great shock to us all”或“greatly shocked us all”;主句时态为一般过去时,从句时态保持一致,故填which was a great shock to/greatly shocked us all。
【13题答案】
【答案】paled with shock at the news
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处填“听到……的消息,吓得脸色苍白”;从句用一般过去时,主句也用一般过去时;pale作动词时意为“(因恐惧、震惊等)变得苍白”,其一般过去式为paled,with shock表原因,“吓得脸色苍白”可译为 paled with shock;“听到……的消息”可译为at the news。故填paled with shock at the news。
2 trap vt. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 陷阱;险境
【14题答案】
【答案】buying
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:自控力差的人很容易被网络直播诱骗去购买无用的商品。根据固定搭配be trapped into doing sth.“被迫/诱使做某事”可知,此处需要使用动名词形式。故填buying。
【15题答案】
【答案】Trapped
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被困在废墟中两天,这个女孩始终保持积极的态度,坚信有人会来救她。句中谓语是held,且无连接句子的连词,故空处用非谓语动词;“the girl”与“trap”之间是被动关系,因此空处用过去分词作状语,表示“被困在废墟中”的状态;此空位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Trapped。
(读后续写之佳句积累)
【16题答案】
【答案】I wouldn’t have been trapped in this awful place
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我就不会被困在这个可怕地方”,句子是对过去情况的虚拟,从句省略if将had提前构成倒装,主句对过去虚拟的结构为would/should/could/might + have done;“被困在”翻译为be trapped in;“这个可怕的地方”翻译为this awful place。故填I wouldn’t have been trapped in this awful place。
3 bury vt. 埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏(burial n. 埋葬;葬礼)
(读后续写之动作描写)
【17题答案】
【答案】 ①. burying her face in her hands ②. with her face buried in her hands ③. her face buried in her hands
【解析】
【详解】①考查现在分词作状语。句意:听到这个坏消息,她大哭起来,把脸埋在双手里。本句谓语为burst into tears,且无连词连接句子,故此处为非谓语动词,且逻辑主语she与bury“埋”为主动关系,应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填burying her face in her hands。
②考查with复合结构。句意:听到这个坏消息,她大哭起来,把脸埋在双手里。with复合结构为“with + 宾语 + 宾补”;用her face“她的脸”作宾语,her face与动词bury为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填with her face buried in her hands。
③考查独立主格结构。句意:听到这个坏消息,她大哭起来,把脸埋在双手里。本句谓语为burst into tears,名词her face“她的脸”与动词bury为被动关系,故用过去分词构成独立主格结构。故填her face buried in her hands。
【18题答案】
【答案】has been buried in/buried herself in
【解析】
【详解】考查时态及动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处填“一直埋头于”;“ever since”(自……以来)是现在完成时的标志,“埋头于”可译为固定短语“be buried in”或“bury oneself in”,主语为she,谓语用单数,其现在完成时结构为“has been buried in”或“has buried herself in”。故填has been buried in/buried herself in。
4 suffer vt. 遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n. 受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦难 sufferer n. 受难者;患者)
【19题答案】
【答案】Learning that you are suffering from a disease
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“得知您身患疾病”;句子陈述现在的情况,时态为现在进行时;“得知”翻译为Learning that ...,在句中作原因状语,that引导宾语从句,逻辑主语I与learn为主动关系,故用现在分词形式,句首单词的首字母大写;“您身患疾病”译为you are suffering from a disease。故填Learning that you are suffering from a disease。
(读后续写之主旨升华)
【20题答案】
【答案】it is these sufferings that make us stronger
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句式、时态和形容词比较级。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“正是这些磨难让我们变得更坚强”;本句使用强调句式,基本结构为“it is +被强调部分+ that +其他”,“这些磨难”译为these sufferings,是被强调部分;句子陈述客观事实,时态为一般现在时,主语these sufferings为复数,谓语动词make用原形;“让我们变得更坚强”用make us stronger表达,stronger为形容词比较级。故填it is these sufferings that make us stronger。
5 survive vi. 生存;存活vt. 幸免;幸存;艰难度过;生还;比……活得长(survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. 幸存;生还)
【21题答案】
【答案】 ①. survivor ②. survival ③. on
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和介词。句意:这位幸存者将他的幸存归功于一个教大家在被困野外时靠什么生存的电视节目。①根据“the”可知,空处需要填入名词作主语;survivor意为“幸存者”符合语境;根据后文“his”可知,此处表示单数。故填survivor。②根据“his”和语境可知,空处需要填入表示“幸存”的名词作宾语;survival“幸存”不可数名词。故填survival。③根据“survive”和“when they were trapped in the wild”的语境可知,这里是固定短语“survive on”,意为“靠……生存”。故填on。故填①survivor;②survival;③on。
【22题答案】
【答案】by
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:尽管那位老太太身患重病,她仍然比她丈夫多活了5年。根据survive sb by...“比某人多活……”为固定短语,by为介词。故填by。
(读后续写之升华句)
【23题答案】
【答案】how to survive the storm
【解析】
【详解】考查固定结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处填“如何从暴风雨中幸存”;“如何”译为how;“从……中幸存”译为survive;“暴风雨”译为the storm;survive为及物动词,可直接接“灾难”类名词作宾语,how to survive the storm符合“疑问词+不定式”作介词about宾语的语法要求。故填how to survive the storm。
6 strike vt. & vi.(struck/ struck/ stricken)击打;(时钟等)敲响;擦(火柴);撞击;侵袭;给(某人以……)印象;突然想起n. 罢工;罢课;袭击
【24题答案】
【答案】on
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:工人们举行罢工要求提高工资,这使政府大为震惊。分析句子可知,此处为固定短语on strike“罢工”,满足句意要求。故填on。
(2023·浙江1月,读后续写)
【25题答案】
【答案】were all deeply struck by/with
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、语态和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处填“被……深深打动了”;主语My friends是复数,“被打动了”应使用被动语态,译为be struck by/with,描述的是过去发生的事,用一般过去时,故be动词用were;“都”译为all,“深深”译为deeply。故填were all deeply struck by/with。
【26题答案】
【答案】 ①. A good idea struck/hit/occurred to me ②. It struck/hit/occurred to me that
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、时态和it作形式主语的用法。根据英汉意思对比可知,①空处应填“我突然想到一个好主意”,句子描述过去发生的动作,时态为一般过去时,“一个好主意”译为a good idea,“某人突然想到……”译为“... struck/hit/occurred to sb.”,“我”用宾格me,“我突然想到一个好主意”译为A good idea struck/hit/occurred to me,句首首字母要大写;②空处是用it作形式主语的改写,“某人突然想到……”的固定句型为It struck/hit/occurred to sb. that ...,it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句,句首单词首字母大写。故填①A good idea struck/hit/occurred to me;②It struck/hit/occurred to me that。
7 as if引导的虚拟语气
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临!
【27题答案】
【答案】is
【解析】
【详解】考查there be句型和时态。句意:快听,救护车的笛声!好像有什么急事。陈述客观事实,为一般现在时,as if“好像”引导的表语从句是there be句型,be动词后的单数名词emergency“紧急情况”为主语,故be动词应该使用第三人称单数is。故填is。
【28题答案】
【答案】rooted
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:听到这个坏消息,玛丽因震惊而僵住了,仿佛生了根在地上一般。根据句意和提示词“root”可知,此处是as if引导的方式状语从句的省略结构,完整形式为as if she were rooted to the ground。逻辑主语Mary与root(使固定/生根)之间是被动关系,表示“被固定在地上”;在as if引导的状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语(Mary)一致,且从句含be动词时,可省略主语和be动词,保留过去分词rooted,符合语境。故填rooted。
(2023·浙江1月,读后续写)
【29题答案】
【答案】 ①. the bird was waiting for me ②. trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、表语从句、非谓语动词和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,①空填“这只鸟在等着我”;“等待”译为wait for;主句It seemed almost as if 引导表语从句,描述过去正在进行的动作,“这只鸟”作主语,谓语用单数,故从句用过去进行时 was waiting for 符合语境。根据英汉意思对比可知,②空填试图表达某种深沉的、无以言表的感激之情,“试图表达”译为try to convey;“深沉的、无以言表的感激之情”译为some deep, unspoken gratitude;as if后省略了与主句一致的主语和be动词(完整形式为as if it were trying ...),用现在分词trying体现拟人化的虚拟语气,符合语境。故填①the bird was waiting for me; ②trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude。
用法点拨 当 as if/though引导方式状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时,则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
8 be doing... when...
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,突然海水开始灌入屋内。
(2026·浙江1月)
【30题答案】
【答案】sparkled
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意:当我回到家告诉艾玛这件事时,她的眼睛闪闪发光。“我就知道你是我的英雄,爸爸!”她欢呼道。根据“got ... told ... cheered”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。故填sparkled。
(读后续写之片段描写)
【31题答案】
【答案】 ①. was walking upstairs in a hurry when; ②. was about to pick up the pieces when
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定句型。根据英汉意思对比可知,①空填“正匆忙上楼梯,这时”;再由“caught”可知,be doing ... when ...为固定句型,表示“正在做某事,这时(突然)……”,when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,且主句主语是I,be用was;“匆忙上楼梯”可译为was walking upstairs in a hurry,符合语境。②空填“我刚要去捡起碎片,这时”,be about to do ... when ...为固定句型,表示“刚要做某事,这时(突然)……”,be about to表即将发生的动作,结合上下文语境,when引导的从句用一般过去时,且主句主语是I,be about to中的be要用was;“刚要去捡起碎片”可译为 was about to pick up the pieces,符合语境。故填①was walking upstairs in a hurry when;②was about to pick up the pieces when。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
【32~35题答案】
【答案】32. vt. 驱动
33. vi. 飘动,起伏
34. n. 剧烈震动
35. vt. 吸收;留存
【解析】
【32题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:如果落入不当之人手中,这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。但幸运的是,坎贝尔拥有二十多年的专业经验,能将晦涩内容转化为易懂的文字。句中powers作谓语,主语为the computer code,宾语为AI;根据句意可知,此处表示代码为AI提供动力、驱动其运行,这里的powers为及物动词(vt.),释义为驱动。故填:vt. 驱动。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:鸟儿在树上歌唱,鲜艳的五星红旗在微风中飘动。句中waved作谓语,主语为the bright five-star red flag,状语为in the breeze(在微风中);根据句意可知,此处表示旗帜随风摆动、起伏,这里的waved为不及物动词(vi.),释义为飘动,起伏。故填:vi. 飘动,起伏。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:爆炸的剧烈震动在六英里外都能感受到。句中The shock of the explosion作主语,could be felt为谓语;根据句意可知,此处指爆炸引发的剧烈震动,这里的shock为名词(n.),释义为剧烈震动。故填:n. 剧烈震动。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:……约翰回到观察自然、提出问题的状态。为什么某些植物能吸收有害细菌?句中trap作谓语,主语为certain plants,宾语为harmful bacteria。根据句意可知,此处表示植物将细菌吸收以避免危害,这里的trap为及物动词(vt.),释义为吸收;留存。故填;vt. 吸收;留存。
(二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联
【36~41题答案】
【答案】36. F 37. A
38. E 39. C
40. D 41. B
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:当我走进房间时,钟刚刚敲响。根据句中“the clock”可知,此处指钟敲响报时,动词strike的过去分词struck在此处意为“敲(钟)”。故选F。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:这辆车的耗油量是对它不利的一个重要因素。根据句中“big”和“against”可知,此处“strike”是可数名词单数,指对车不利的方面,strike在此处意为“不利因素”。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:……工会最近与一些公司达成了一项协议,限制独立承包商可以待命的小时数。根据句中“a deal”可知,此处指达成协议,动词strike的过去式struck在此处意为“达成(协议,妥协)”。故选E。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:他们为了争取更高的工资已经罢工好几天了。根据句中“labor unions”和“to get a higher pay”可知,此处指工人为争取权益而进行的罢工,名词strike在此处意为“罢工”,表示不可数。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:他摔倒了,头撞在了桌沿上。根据句中“his head on the edge of the table”可知,此处指头碰撞到桌沿,动词strike的现在分词striking在此处意为“撞,撞击”。故选D。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我突然想起我忘了交作业,这让我很焦虑。根据句中“It struck me that ...”这一固定句式可知,动词strike的过去式struck在此处意为“突然想到”。故选B。
【42~44题答案】
【答案】42. B 43. A
44. C
【解析】
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意:公主生下了一个健康的男婴,这让英俊的王子欣喜若狂。be delivered of a baby是固定表达,意思是“分娩;生下(孩子)”,结合本句“baby boy”的语境,此处delivered是动词,指“生小孩;分娩”。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意:作为杂货商的儿子,他童年的夏天都在新泽西州的伯纳兹维尔递送食物。delivering后接宾语“food”,是动词,结合“grocer”(杂货商)的语境,此处指“递送”。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词。句意:晚上好,各位。金教授马上就要发表演讲了,先让我来介绍一下他。delivering后接宾语“his lecture”,是动词,结合“lecture”(讲座)的语境,此处指“发表演说”。故选C。
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
【45题答案】
【答案】trapped
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他竭尽全力去救那个被困在燃烧着的房子里的女孩。本句已有谓语动词made,trap应用非谓语形式,作后置定语修饰名词the girl,且the girl与trap之间是被动关系,故用trap的过去分词trapped。故填trapped。
【46题答案】
【答案】with
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:这次活动将为你提供一个与该领域专家合作的宝贵机会。根据固定搭配supply sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”可知,此处应填介词with。故填with。
【47题答案】
【答案】wisdom
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:数千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授道理或传递智慧。根据空前动词短语“pass on”可知,空处需用名词作宾语;wisdom,表“智慧”,为不可数名词。故填wisdom。
【48题答案】
【答案】Buried
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他埋头于阅读一位篮球大师的传奇,没有按时到校。根据固定搭配be buried in“埋头于”可知,此处省略了be动词,空处需用过去分词,作状语;句首单词的首字母大写。故填Buried。
【49题答案】
【答案】swept
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意:我一边收拾烂摊子,一边纳闷为什么这几个月来我们弄坏了这么多东西。空处为时间状语从句的谓语,结合语境和主句谓语动词wondered可知,从句陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填swept。
【50题答案】
【答案】had happened
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我建议你留在这里,就像什么都没发生过一样。as if引导的从句表示与事实不符的情况时,需用虚拟语气;根据句意可知,此处是对过去事实的假设,故从句用过去完成时“had +过去分词”。故填had happened。
【51题答案】
【答案】It
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意:我突然意识到,我假装知道自己不知道的东西,其实是在自欺欺人。此处为固定句型It strikes sb. that ...“某人突然想到……”,其中It作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。故填It。
【52题答案】
【答案】in
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:因吸烟不慎引发的大火过后,体育场和健身房成了一片废墟。根据固定搭配in ruins“成为废墟,严重受损”,此处应填介词in。故填in。
【53题答案】
【答案】sufferings
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:尽管她经历了种种苦难,但她从未失去对人性的信心。根据空前“the”可知,此处需要填入名词作介词“Despite”的宾语,“suffer”的名词形式是suffering;此处表示“种种苦难”,应用复数形式。故填sufferings。
【54题答案】
【答案】setting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了为国家赢得荣誉,即使在比赛中受伤,他也没有放弃,为其他人树立了好榜样。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处是非谓语动词,set“树立”和he逻辑上是主动关系,应用set的现在分词形式,作结果状语。故填setting。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——自然灾害与救援
【55题答案】
【答案】参考范文
We Should Shoulder the Responsibility
I was surfing the Internet when a report about post-00s firefighters and post-00s volunteers attracted my eyes. The report showed that many post-00s role models emerged in the mountain fire in Chongqing and the Luding earthquake, who showed their bravery and sense of responsibility.
In some people’s view, it seems as if the post-00s were the most rebellious generation. However, when faced with natural disasters, they risked their lives to rescue people trapped in ruins or floods, totally leaving their own safety behind. They really live up to the society’s expectations and deserve our respect and admiration.
Deeply affected by their stories, I call on all the young people to learn from them and shoulder our responsibility, making our contributions as individuals.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“We Should Shoulder the Responsibility”为主题,围绕重庆山火和泸定地震中的“00后”青年榜样,介绍其突出品质,并呼吁年轻人向他们学习,完成一篇英语征文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
涌现:emerge → appear
勇敢:bravery → courage
责任感:sense of responsibility → sense of duty
救援:rescue → save
呼吁:call on → appeal to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Deeply affected by their stories, I call on all the young people to learn from them and shoulder our responsibility, making our contributions as individuals.
拓展句:I am deeply affected by their stories and I call on all the young people to learn from them and shoulder our responsibility, making our contributions as individuals.
【点睛】【高分句型1】However, when faced with natural disasters, they risked their lives to rescue people trapped in ruins or floods, totally leaving their own safety behind.(运用了状语从句的省略和过去分词trapped作后置定语)
【高分句型2】Deeply affected by their stories, I call on all the young people to learn from them and shoulder our responsibility, making our contributions as individuals.(运用了现在分词making作伴随状语)
【完成句子】
【56题答案】
【答案】I was surfing the Internet when a report about post-00s firefighters and post-00s volunteers attracted my eyes.
【解析】
【详解】本句考查固定句型、时态和固定短语。句子描述过去发生的事情,“正在做某事这时突然……”,用be doing ... when ...结构,主句用过去进行时;“我在网上冲浪时”翻译为I was surfing the Internet;when引导的分句用一般过去时;“一篇关于‘00后’的消防员和志愿者的报道”作主语,翻译为a report about post-00s firefighters and post-00s volunteers;“吸引了我的眼球”用固定短语attracted my eyes。故翻译为I was surfing the Internet when a report about post-00s firefighters and volunteers attracted my eyes.
【57题答案】
【答案】Many post-00s role models emerged in the mountain fire in Chongqing and the Luding earthquake, who showed their bravery and sense of responsibility.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、时态和非限制性定语从句。根据题干要求,使用emerge(不及物动词,意为“涌现”),事件发生在过去,故用过去式emerged;“很多00后的榜样”译为many post-00s role models,位于句首首字母大写;“在重庆山火”译为in the mountain fire in Chongqing,特指事件需加定冠词the;“泸定地震”译为the Luding earthquake,专有地名首字母大写,特指事件加the;“他们的勇敢和责任感”译为their bravery and sense of responsibility,sense of responsibility为固定搭配,表“责任感”;先行词为many post-00s role models(指代人),用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明这些榜样的表现,从句谓语与主句时态一致,使用一般过去时,谓语“表明,表现”译为show,其过去式为showed,其后紧接一个由that引导的宾语从句。故翻译为Many post-00s role models emerged in the mountain fire in Chongqing and the Luding earthquake, who showed their bravery and sense of responsibility.
【58题答案】
【答案】In some people’s view, it seems as if the post-00s were the most rebellious generation.
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句、虚拟语气和固定搭配。句子陈述一种普遍看法,用一般现在时;“在一些人眼中”用固定表达In some people’s view作状语;“似乎”用it seems as if ...引导表语从句,从句表达的是与事实不符的主观臆断,需用虚拟语气,故be动词用were;“00后”译为the post-00s;“最叛逆的一代”译为the most rebellious generation。故翻译为:In some people’s view, it seems as if the post-00s were the most rebellious generation.
【59题答案】
【答案】However, when faced with natural disasters, they risked their lives to rescue people trapped in ruins or floods, totally leaving their own safety behind.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态、固定短语和时态。句子描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;“然而”翻译为However;表达“当面对……”,主从句主语一致且含有be动词,省略主语和be动词,应用when faced with;“被困在废墟或洪水中的人们”,主语people与trap为被动关系,用过去分词短语trapped in ruins or floods作后置定语;“完全把他们自己的安全抛在了身后”,作伴随状语,与主语they为主动关系,用现在分词短语totally leaving their own safety behind;“冒着生命危险去营救”翻译为risked their lives to rescue。故翻译为However, when faced with natural disasters, they risked their lives to rescue people trapped in ruins or floods, totally leaving their own safety behind.
【60题答案】
【答案】Deeply affected by their stories, I call on all the young people to learn from them and shoulder our responsibility.
【解析】
【详解】考查分词作状语、动词短语和时态。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时。“受……影响”用固定搭配be affected by,此处作原因状语,且affected与主语I是被动关系,故用过去分词短语的形式,“深受他们故事的影响”用deeply affected by their stories,放句首首字母要大写;“呼吁某人做某事”的固定搭配是call on sb. to do sth.,“向某人学习”是learn from sb.,“承担责任”是shoulder sb’s responsibility,“我呼吁所有年轻人向他们学习,并承担起我们的责任”译为I call on all the young people to learn from them and shoulder our responsibility。 故翻译为:Deeply affected by their stories, I call on all the young people to learn from them and shoulder our responsibility.
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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续写积累提能练
语料运用 【火灾救援】
【61~66题答案】
【答案】61. were still in great panic
62. who was dead with fright
63. a flood of fear welled up in the crowd
64. who had been scared out of her wits
65. was numb with fear
66. Everyone’s heart was stuck in their throat
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文,围绕一场突发的酒店大火展开,生动描述了火灾蔓延时,人们在恐慌中的不同状态与反应,通过具体场景和细节描写,展现了灾难面前人们的情绪变化。
【61题详解】
考查时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。句意:大火开始蔓延到整个酒店,及时逃离的人们仍然非常恐慌。句子描述过去发生的事件,时态为一般过去时;“非常恐慌”表达为“in great panic”,主语people为复数,be动词用were。故填were still in great panic。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句、时态和主谓一致。句意:一位吓坏了的年轻母亲哭着说她的孩子还在酒店房间里。“吓坏了的”表达为“dead with fright”,此处用who引导定语从句,先行词为a young mother,在从句中作主语,单数,时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用was。故填who was dead with fright。
【63题详解】
考查无灵主语句。句意:听到这句话,人群中涌起一阵恐惧,他们不知道在这种情况下能怎么办。“涌起一阵恐惧”表达为“a flood of fear well up”,人群中译为“in the crowd”;无灵主语a flood of fear作句子主语,时态为一般过去时。故填a flood of fear welled up in the crowd。
【64题详解】
考查定语从句、时态和主谓一致。句意:他们试图安慰那个被吓得魂不附体的女人,却不知道说什么。“被吓得魂不附体”表达为“scared out of her wits”,此处用who引导定语从句,先行词为the woman,动作发生在“试图安慰”之前,故用过去完成时。故填who had been scared out of her wits。
【65题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:看到这一幕,所有人都吓呆了,希望他能成功地把孩子抱出来。“吓呆了”表达为“numb with fear”,主语everyone为单数,时态为一般过去时。故填was numb with fear。
【66题详解】
考查时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。句意:每个人的心都卡在嗓子眼里,直到他们听到了婴儿的哭声。“心都卡在嗓子眼里”表达为“one’s heart is stuck in one’s throat”,时态为一般过去时,主语为“heart”,单数,谓语动词用was;句首单词的首字母大写。故填Everyone’s heart was stuck in their throat。
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